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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM , 


PROCEEDINGS. 


OF THE 


UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOLUME 118 
NUMBERS 3522-3537 





SMITHSONIAN PRESS 
WASHINGTON : 1967 


Publications of the United States National Museum 


The scientific publications of the United States National Museum include two 
series, Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States 
National Museum Bulletins. 

In these series are published original articles and monographs dealing with 
the collections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly acquired facts 
in the fields of anthropology, biology, geology, history, and technology. Copies 
of each publication are distributed to libraries and scientific organizations and 
to specialists and others interested in the various subjects. 

The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate 
form, of shorter papers. ‘These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with 
the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume. 

In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, 
separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) 
and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are 
either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. 
Since 1902, papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum have been 
published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United 
States National Herbarium. 

FRANK A. TAYLOR 
Director, United States National Museum 


Il 


CONTENTS 


ArnetTT, Ross H., Jr. Species of Oedemeridae of the Big 
Bend Region of Texas. Three figures and four plates. 
No. 3523, published December 17, 1965_____________-_- 


New species: Oxycopis howdent. 

BaRNarp, J. Laurens. Marine Amphipoda of the family 
Ampithoidae from Southern California. Twenty-eight 
figures. No. 3522, published December 30, 1965________ 

New species: Ampiihoe plea, A. tea. 
New combination: Cymadusa uncinata. 

BuakE, Doris H. More new Galerucine beetles with excised 
middle tibiae in the male. Thirty-five figures. No. 
go28, published february 23,.1966en2 2001 Suse .4_sussowpor 


New genera: Deinocladus, Neotrichota, Porechontes, Simopsis. 
New species: Trichobrotica rhabdota, T. egensis, T. nigripennis, 
T. fenestrata, Neotrichota flavipennis, Ectmesopus rhabdotus, 
Luperosoma vittatum, L. nigricolle, Platymorpha homoia, 
Porechontes wilcoxi, Simopsis neobroticoides, Oroetes wilcoxi, 
Deinocladus cartwrighti, D. fascicollis. 
New subspecies: Trichobrotica nymphaea flavicollis. 
New name: Deuterobrotica bechynet. 
Buaxz, Doris H. A review of the beetles of the genus 
Neobrotica and some closely related genera. One hundred 


and four figures. No. 3529, published April 14, 1966___- 


New genera: Cyclotrypema, Eccoptopsis, Rachicephala, Potamo- 
brotica, Hystiopsis. 

New species: Neobrotica spilocephala, N.cartwrightti, N. piceo- 
fasciata, N. zonata, N. pterota, N. duodecimsignata, N. noumenia, 
N. dentata, N. trichops, N. septemmaculata, N. pentaspilota, 
N. decimsignata, N. schausi, N. tampicensis, N. matamorasensis, 
N. jflavolimbata, N. rogaguaensis, N. rendalli, N. stalagma, 
N. meridensis, N. octosignata, N. grandis, N. quadrimaculata, 
N. colombiensis, N. regularis, N. ruficollis, N. poecila, N. 
flavipes, N. germaini, Hystiopsis exarata, H. irritans, H. grossa, 
H. maculata, H. zonata, H. bella, H. nigriventris, H. peruensis, 
H. maxima, H. bryanti, H. phaica, H. flavipes, H. terminalis, 
H. megala, H. mapirii, H. beniensis, H. mansei, Eccoptopsis 
cyanocosmesa, E. argentinensis, E. quadrimaculata, E. laticollis, 
E. clara, E. costaricensis, E. boliviensis, E. piceofasciata, E. 
mexicana, Potamobrotica trifasciata, P. viridis. 

New name: Neobrotica atrilineata. 


Pages 


47-56 


1-46 


233-266 


267-372 


IIt 


LV: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Bucsez, Ropert E. Revision of chalcid wasps of genus 
Eurytoma in America north of Mexico. Thirty-one 
figures and thirty-seven maps. No. 3533, published 
Nair he 21M OG fas = 2 Se eee ee 

New species: Eurytoma mammae, E. semicircula, E. sphaera, 
E. lutea, E. flavicrus, E. contractura, E. lacunae, E. vernonia, 
E. fossae, E. altilossa, E. crassa, E. gossypii, E. squamosa, E. 
baccae, E. levo, E. fusca, E. obtusa, E. picea, E. mali. 

New name: Eurytoma profunda. 

Carriker, M. A., Jr. A revision of the genus Furnaricola 
(Mallophaga) with descriptions of new species. Thirty- 
three figures. No. 3532, published March 9, 1966_____- 

New species: Furnaricola tergalis, F. lachrymosa, F. h. hirsuta, 
F. triangularis, F. quadraticeps, F. anabacerthia, F. longifrons, 
F. punensis, F. myrmeciza, F. pyriglena, F. pipraphaga, F. 
inex pectata. 

New subspecies: Furnaricola certhia colombiana, F. certhia 
microgenitalia, F. h. hirsuta, F. h. picirostris, F. fuliginosa 
antioquensis, F. acutifrons chocoana, F. h. hylactipahga, F. h. 
canae. 

Cuacz, Fenner, Jr. Decapod crustaceans from St. Helena 
Island, South Atlantic. Fifteen figures and two plates. 
No: 3536"published December'30, 1966. 2 Ys) 

New species: Pachygrapsus loveridgei, Acanthonyx sanctaehelenae, 
Pisa sanctaehelenae. 

Cuemsak, John A. Descriptions and records of West 
Indian Cerambydidae (Coleoptera). No. 3526, published 
Nebruary 8 VOCG2 22 229 os oS eh Ke ee 

New genus: Nesanoplium. 

New species: Methia insularum, M. impressicollis, Curtomerus 
subflavus, Leptostylus inflaticollis, L. bredini, Urgleptes clarkez. 

New combination: Nesanoplium puberulum. 

Ducxwortu, W. Donaup. Neotropical Microlepidoptera, 
VIII: A review of the genus Faleulina with descriptions 
of new species (Lepidoptera: Stenomidae). Five figures 
and one plate. No. 3531, published February 10, 1966___ 

New species: Falculina kasyi, F. bella. 

Fiint, Ottver S., Jr. Notes on certain Nearctic Trichop- 
tera in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Four 
figures. No. 3530, published February 23, 1966________. 

New combinations: Aphropsyche doringa, Dicosmoecus frontalis, 
Pycnopsyche virginica, Limnephilus costalis. 

Garrick, J. A. F. Revision of sharks of genus Jsurus with 
description of a new species. Nine figures and four plates. 
No. 3537,. published March 15, 1967-202 2 Bw ee 


New species: Isurus alatus [=Isurus paucus Manday]. 


VOL. 118 


433-552 


405-432 


623-662 


209-220 


391-404 


373-390 


663-690 


CONTENTS 


Lewis, ALAN G. Copepod crustaceans parasitic on Elasmo- 
branch fishes of the Hawaiian Islands. Forty figures. 
Mangoes published April’ 12. 1966.2.22_2 2-4-2222... 

New species: KArgyeria praelongacicula. 

Osraztsov, Nicnontas 8S. Neotropical Microlepidoptera, 
VII: New genus Pseudomeritastis and its species (Lepi- 
doptera: Tortricidae). Two figures and six plates. No. 
S527, published February 23, 19662.2....2---22. 255-222. 


New genera: Pseudomeritastis. 

New species: Pseudomeritastis clarket, P. orphnoxantha, P. dis- 
tincta, P. decora. 

New combinations: Pseudomeritastis cordigera, P. voluta, P. 
heliadelpha. 

Oxsraztsov, Nicnontas S. Neotropical Microlepidoptera, 
IX: Revision of genus Pseudatteria (Lepidoptera: Tor- 
tricidae). Twelve figures and forty-three plates. No. 
3535, published December 30, 1966._........-.-_---- 

New tribe: Polyorthini. 

New subgenera: Eurynatteria, Sphaeratteria. 

New species: Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) dognini, P. (P.) shaffert, 
P. (P.) pseudomaenas, P. (P.) tremewani, P. (P.) analoga, P. 
(P.) ardoris, P. (P.) bradleyi. 

New subspecies: Pseudatteria (Eurynatteria) cantharopa pulchra. 

New status: Subgenus Pseudatteria, Pseudatteria (P.) v. voleanica; 
P. (P.) v. rivularis, P. (Eurynatteria) c. cantharopa, P. (E.) 
heliocausta f. baccheutis. 

New combinations: Jdolatteria orgias, I. xanthocapna, Eumimo- 
graphe lydia. 

Prerripone, Marian H. Revision of the Pilargidae (Anne- 
lida: Polychaeta), including descriptions of new species, 
and redescription of the pelagic Podarmus ploa Chamberlin 
(Polynoidae). Twenty-six figures. No. 3525, published 
eer lites OG One a oes en oe eee ee 

New species: Ancistrosyllis hartmanae, A. jonesi, Sigambra wassi. 

Witson, Mitprep Srrarton, and Tasu, Jerry C. The 
euryhaline copepod genus Hurytemora in fresh and brackish 
waters of Cape Tompson region, Chukchi Sea, Alaska. 
Three figures. No. 3534, published December 30, 1966_- 


New species: Huwrytemora arctica. 


57-154 


221-232 


577-622 


155-208 


533-576 











Proceedings of 


the United States 





National Museum 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION + WASHINGTON, D.C. 


Volume 118 1965 Number 3522 


MARINE AMPHIPODA OF THE FAMILY AMPITHOIDAE 
FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 


By J. Laurens BARNARD 
Associate Curator, Division of Crustacea 


The family Ampithoidae is confined to littoral and sublittoral 
marine depths of the world, generally in the canopies of kelp or 
shallow rock bottoms where short-tufted algae grow. Being large- 
bodied organisms, they are among the most conspicuous amphipods. 
Indeed, the largest amphipod so far reported in shallow waters of 
southern California is Cymadusa uncinata (herein a specimen 35 mm. 
long). The world fauna supports eight genera (not including 
Amphitholina, which was transferred to the Eophliantidae by 
Gurjanova in 1958), but only two of these have been found in the 
present collections, Ampithoe and Cymadusa. A fragmentary specimen 
of a third genus, probably Paragrubia, has been found at Cayucos, 
Calif. 

The present collections consist of materials dredged by the Velero [II 
o: the Hancock Foundation, especially in the channel islands off 
southern California, and materials of intertidal origin collected by 
the writer and other workers from Cayucos to La Jolla, Calif. A few 
samples collected by scuba diving have proved most valuable. There 
is a need for more extensive diving exploration of kelp holdfasts and 
canopies and other algal bottoms. 

1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


Ampithoids bear spinning glands in pereopods 1 and 2, which are 
used to form soft parchment-like tubes for inhabitation. Apparently 
the tubes are formed mostly among the holdfasts of kelps, smaller 
algae, and surfgrass. Limbaugh in a mimeographed report from 
Scripps Institution of Oceanography reported on an Ampithoe that 
rolls up the edge of a Macrocystis blade, “stitches” it along the seam, 
and lives in the enclosed tube. Ampithoids follow algae down to 
their photic limit; hence ampithoids live to greater depths in the 
channel islands off southern California, where the waters are clearer, 
than along the mainland shelf where the waters are quite turbid and 
algae rarely grow below 30 meters. 


I am indebted to the National Science Foundation for a grant 
(G-10750) that supported the illustration of this work, and to the 
Beaudette Foundation for my support. Portions of the materials are 
deposited in the U.S. National Museum and the Allan Hancock 
Foundation, University of Southern California. 


Key to Species of World Ampithoe 


1. Third pleonal epimeron with a point at the lower posterior corner ... 2 
Third pleonal epimeron rounded at lower posterior corner. . . ... f 
2. Male gnathopod 1: fifth article 1.8 times as long as article 6. 

tarasovi (check mitsukurii also) 
Male gnathopod 1: fifth article subequal to or shorter than article 6 . 3 
3. Flagellum of antenna 1 shorter than flagellum of antenna 2. australiensis 

Flagellum of antenna 1 almost twice as long as flagellum of antenna 2. 
lacertosa (=scitula) 
4. Gnathopod 1: palm distinctly transverse, short, corner sharply quadrate, 
article 6 linear, posterior edge straight, article 7 greatly overlapping 


palmo (igi 1a). 3 a0 Be DD, Se ee 5 
Gnathopod 1: palm, if Heese: congue Bratt? a) te tigen d Ah 

5. Flagellum of second antenna 2—4 articulate or very te ‘Ge: An). m2 6 
Flagellum of second antenna slender or more than 8-articulate (fig. 1m) . 8 

6. Article 2 of pereopods 3-5 quite narrow, linear. ......... . plea 
Article 2 of pereopods 3-5 broad, biconvex. : . .). 2. 4: . 2 22m 7 

7. Lobe of article 5 on male gnathopod 2 acute. . brevipes (of Bate 1862) 
Lobe of article 5 on male gnathopod 2 obtuse but narrow. . . . lindbergi 

8. Male gnathopod 2 similar to gnathopod1...... .. . humeralis 
Male gnathopod 2 much larger than gnathopod 1. . . . . she Oe 9 

9. Palm of male gnathopod 2 minutely and _ irregularly senate its full 
lengths ee osu . . . annenkovae 


Palm of male Brartened 2 not conte for its full ieneeh: 
femorata, brevipes, falsa, orientalis, and those of couplet 10 
10. Gnathopod 1: article 6 extremely slender (fig. 1a). 
orientalis (of J. L. Barnard 1955) 
Gnathopod 1: article 6 moderately stout. ..: . ... -..-.5 s+ @.+ sae 
11. Female gnathopod 2: palm transverse. ... <4 + 0) =) des ses) eee 
Female gnathopod 2: palm oblique. . : >. 2... 2 + 2 os eels 


12. 


13. 


14. 


15. 


16. 


Vi, 


18. 


19. 


20. 


21. 


22. 


23. 


24, 


25. 


26. 


27. 


28. 


29. 


30. 


jl. 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 3 


Article 4 of antenna 2 shorter than article 5. species of southern California 
Article 4 of antenna 2 as long as or longer than article 5 . tea, new species 
Pereopod 5: article 5 twice as broad as article 6, subequal to 6 in 


henpuhe st... +. ss « 0a 
Pereopod 5: article 5 Gt broader but eich eRerer fae article 6. - . mea 
Male gnathopod 2 with tooth defining palm. ........... «15 
Male gnathopod 2 lacking palmar defining tooth. . ... sepa. LS 
Palm of gnathopod 2 ean hae bearing bilobed tubercle in  tnididle 

of paler yi °° . . . . Mmitsukurii (see also valida) 
Palm of gnathopod 2 eultene! or at fone loa s Gog nee g oo IG 
Distal lobules of lower lip equal in size. . ... .. . pollex and volki 
Lateral distal lobules of lower lip much longer than mediallobules. . . 17 


Article 6 of male gnathopod 2 not produced anterodistally. 
simulans (=dalli), kussakini 
Article 6 of male gnathopod 2 produced into a setose lobe anterodistally 


ramondi 
Male antenna 2 with dense tufts of setae. . ............ «19 
Male antenna 2 lacking dense tuftsofsetae. . . . Se eee os 2a 
Male gnathopod 2: hind margin of article 6 and palm Rona in enehe = 20 
Male gnathopod 2: hind margin of article 6 muchlongerthanpalm. . 21 
Article 5 of gnathopod 1 shorter than article 6... ... .  alluaudi 


Article 5 of gnathopod 1 much longer than article 6. 
brasiliensis (of Oliveira 1953) 
Dense setal tufts of antenna 2 confined to article 5 of peduncle and 


flagellum ... . . . . plumulosa 
Dense setal tufts of enna 2 Eaene on pauls a5 of peduncle and flagel- 
Mimi ee Take Poet 2 ie iain esy 4 22 
Finger of biiaiticpoll 1 maeuning th Hist iprasiliensis and africana 
Finger of gnathopod 1 overlapping palm .. . ud) LG oZachsi 
Palm of male gnathopod 2 with a process (not aenningh Si henfsigad opel ee 
Palm of male gnathopod 2 lacking a process. . . . 1p io aeO 
Palm of male gnathopod 2 transverse. . .. . yalldn face a8 mitsukurit) 
Palm of male gnathopod 2 oblique. . . . sapien ss marbed aa baO 
Palm of male gnathopod 2 equal to hind margin nt article 6 . . . grubiformis 
Palm of male gnathopod 2 much shorter than hind margin of article 6. 
senegalensis 
Palm of male gnathopod 1 moderately excavate (fig. le). ...... 27 
Palmvofaunaleyonathopod 1 notiexcayate. 14 of. Ales sc) @ ols ane) OO 
Hind lobe of article 5 on gnathopod 1 truncated. ......... «29 
Hind lobe of article 5 on gnathopod l rounded .... . ce ogee eo 
Male gnathopod 2: article 6 half as wide as long, Aagettum of antenna 
1 twice as long as flagellum of antenna2.. . . . . Frubricata 
Male gnathopod 2: article 6 three-fourths as ae as lone. flagellum of 
antennae 1-2 subequalinlength. ..... . . . . Yubricatoides 
Article 5 of gnathopod 1 nearly as long as article 6. . djankonovi (in part) 
Article 5 of gnathopod 1 half as long as article6..... =. =. mareuzzii 
Palm of male gnathopod 2 transverse. ........ edie (in part) 
Palm of male gnathopod oblique. . . . eae sno ol 
Distal lobules of lower lip equal in size (fig, iN. . . . . japonica (in part) 


Distolateral lobules of lower lip much larger than medial Jobulés (fig. 17). 32 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


32. Palm of male gnathopod 1 short, scarcely evident, finger overlapping palm 


considerably, article 6 linear (fig. 1d) . . . 2%. 2 5 2 ss longimana 
Palm of male gnathopod distinct, long, finger matching palm, article 6 
BUDGVAl ste! VC)! ei. sb Se ve et os, Boies Us, rey eee eee djankonovi (in part) 


Not included in the key are A. kergueleni Stebbing (1888), a female, 
but see Chevreux (1927) for a possibly correct assignment of a male; 
A. megaloprotopus Stebbing (1895), which probably belongs in the 
genus Hzxampithoe because of its enlarged first gnathopod. 


Notes on the Literature of Ampithoe 


The genus Ampithoe and many of its species are nomenclaturally 
quite old. Several species have been based on females or juveniles, 
and this early confusion still has not been straightened out. 

The most important and involved situation is that concerning 
Ampithoe femorata Krgyer and A. brevipes Dana. Stebbing (1906), 
without new material, recognized both species but noted their close 
affinities. By evidence of his synonymies, he considered A. gaudi- 
chaudii Milne Edwards a senior synonym of A. femorata, and he in- 
cluded questionably in A. brevipes the species A. peregrina Dana and 
A. falklandi Bate. These species are scattered widely in the Southern 
Hemisphere on both sides of South America. Chilton (1921) also 
reported A. femorata from the Juan Fernandez Islands. 


Schellenberg (1931) combined femorata and brevipes and _ their 
synonyms, including K. H. Barnard’s (1916) reference to brevipes. 
K. H. Barnard (1932) gave a new name, falsa, to his 1916 brevipes 
identification from South Africa, but reported on brevipes from the 
Falkland Islands and mentioned A. chilensis as a possible synonym. 
Stephensen (1949) reported brevipes from Tristan da Cunha (again) 
noting the characteristic swelling of article 4 of pereopods 1-2. J. L. 
Barnard (1952) erroneously identified femorata from California. In 
retrospect, I relied upon Bate’s (1862) figure of brevipes (pl. 48, fig. 2) 
showing the short flagellum of antenna 2. My identification should be 
referred to A. lindbergi. The early drawings and descriptions of 
brevipes, falklandi, peregrina, gaudichaudii, and chilensis leave much 
to be desired in comparison to the better described A. femorata. The 
gnathopods of the supposedly female falklandi are rather stouter than 
expected for brevipes, and the fifth article has a posterior lobe. I 
strongly question that falklandi is a synonym of brevipes, as figured in 
the literature, although falklandi seems to fit brevipes as to be expected 
of a female. There are discrepancies in the stoutness of article 4 of 
pereopods 1-2 in the various figures of Bate (1862). Considering the 
situation in California of several Ampithoes such as humeralis, lindbergi 
med, tea, and plea, all very difficult to separate in female, juvenile, and 





AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 5 


A 


Figure 1.—Schematic diagrams of gnathopods, lower lips, and second antennae as repre- 
sented in keys of Ampithoe: a-e, articles 6-7 of first gnathopods; f-i, article 5 of first 
gnathopods; 7-1, lower lips (halves); m, m, second antennae, 


_ 
B 
ams 
a3 
< 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


subadult male stages, I am inclined to believe that several species may 
be involved in the Falkland-Magellan-Valparaiso-Juan Fernandez 
femorata-brevipes complex as it now stands. 

Ampithoe orientalis (Dana), a tropical Pacific species, is very 
closely related to the brevipes-femorata complex, including the 
eoa-mea-annenkovae group; although J. L. Barnard (1955) reported it 
from the Hawaiian Islands, I am not sure that his identification was 
correct, because gnathopod 1 is much more slender than originally 
described. How that species differs from the others of the complex 
is as yet unclear. 


One should note the strong resemblance between Ampithoe mitsu- 
kurit Della Valle (1893) and A. tarasovt Bulycheva (1952), both 
from Japan; because Ampithoes change so much with age, it is not 
inconceivable that A. mitsukurit is but a young stage of tarasovi, the 
latter having the broader, blunter palmar tooth of gnathopod 2 and 
the longer fifth article of gnathopod 1. The condition of the third 
pleonal epimeron and lower lip is not clear, to my knowledge, in A. 
mitsukurti and clarification of these would help solve the problem. 
In addition, Ampithoe mitsukurw bears close checking with A. valida, 
for the latter has a narrow medial palmar tubercle on gnathopod 2 and 
the suggestion at times of a projection at the palmar corner; also it 
has the slightly elongated article 5 of gnathopod 1 with a distally 
produced hind lobe. Most probably, A. matsukurti is an aberrant 
individual of A. valida. 


Key to Species of California Ampithoe 


1. Third pleonal epimeron with a small point at lower posterior corner . . 2 
Third pleonal epimeron rounded at lower posterior corner. . . 3 

2. Male gnathopod 1: article 5 with a large, distally produced hind lobe (fig. 
1h), lobes of lower lip bulbous (fig. 1k) . . . . . . . valida 

Male gnathopod 1; article 5 with poorly Heveloped: naprodneed hind lobe 
(fig. 1f), lobes of ions lip: slender (fig: 17) 01.7. 2 « «0s .2.0, -Hacentosa 

34 JPalmof gnathopod’ ltransverse (figs: 1a,/D)) 3-2 =. 9s. Step e, ee eee 
Palm of gnathopod I oblique, (figs: Le-e)..5.a0 ca ee a ee 

4. Article 2 of pereopods 3-5 narrow ......... ... plea (in part) 
Article 2 of pereopods 3-5 broad. . . tale Atiay dep ue eRe ae 5 

5. Gnathopods 1-2: article 5 equals 6 in ce Jie s 2 @ &o. Hhumeralis 
Gnathopods 1-2: article 5 shorter than 6 2 2. s0 5. ei) lise eon ious 6 

6. Apical lobes of lower lip projecting equally .... sce sente RIES ns 8 
Apical lateral lobes of lower lip longer than medial lobes 5: ai ei a 7 

7. Male antenna 2: peduncle stout, article 4 90% as long as article5 . . sp. 
Male antenna 2: peduncle slender, article 4 120% as long as article5. . tea 

8. Article 6 of gnathopod 1 stout (fig. 1b) . ...... ... . plea (in part) 
Article 6 of gnathopod 1 slender (fig. la) ... . . . . .  lindbergi 

9. Lobe on article 5 of gnathopod 1 distally produced wake sae hee 


Lobe on article 5 of gnathopod 1 rounded behind (figs. If, g, On sienna 





AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 7 


10s Gobules.of lower lip slender, separated . .....=........ of 
Lobules of lower lip stout, appressed (fig. 1k) .......... valida 
ieeeAn enna 2 normally setosein male. . 2 4. 4 5s 5s ss es ramondi 
Antenna 2 strongly setosein male. . .%. .. . 3. 3 of. ss plumulosa 
12. Lobules of lower lip bulbous and appressed (fig. 1k) ....... pollex 
Lobules of lower lip slender and separated. . ......4.2.2... 13 


13. Palm of gnathopod 1 obsolescent, article 5 as long as 6 (fig. 1d) . longimana 
Palm of gnathopod 1 distinct, article 5 much shorter than 6 (fig. le). 
simulans 


Ampithoe humeralis Stimpson 
FIGURES 2-3 
Amphithoe [sic] humeralis Stimpson, 1864, p. 156.—Calman, 1898, pp. 271-273, pl. 
33, fig. 4.—Holmes. 1904, p. 241.—Hewatt, 1946, pp. 199, 204. 
Ampithoe humeralis—Stebbing, 1906, p. 636—J. L. Barnard, 1954, p. 29. 

Diagnosis: Second and third pleonal epimera rounded behind, with 
slight lateral ridges; article 5 of male gnathopod 1 longer than article 
6, hind edge truncated, not lobate, article 6 rectangular, slender, palm 
transverse or slightly chelate, finger overlapping palm by its full 
length; gnathopod 2 like gnathopod 1 except article 5 is slightly 
shorter, although longer than article 6, and with a distinct, rounded 
hind lobe; article 6 like that of gnathopod 1; article 2 of pereopods 1-2 
about 1.7 times as long as broad; ventral edge of article 1 on antenna 
1 lacking ventral spines; antenna 1 much longer than antenna 2, 
flagellum about four times as long as flagellum of antenna 2, neither 
flagellum strongly setose; lateral apical lobule of lower lip much longer 
than medial lobule, coxa 1 not produced forward; peduncular process 
or uropod 1 long. 

Female: Like the male. 

Material: Velero stations 1206 (7), 1409 (5), 1489 (1), 2052 (1), 
4806 (2), 4822 (2). Barnard stations 33 (1), 42-C-7 (1). Oceano- 
graphic Lab., Friday Harbor, Wash., Aug. 16-29, 1949, coll. Dr. J. L. 
Mohr (13). Guadalupe Island, Dec. 9, 1946, 26-29 fms., coll. Dr. 
Carl L. Hubbs (1). 

Records: Intertidal: Friday Harbor, Wash.; North Bay, Cape 
Arago State Park, Oreg.; Hazard Reef, S. of Morro Bay, Calif. Islands 
off southern California: San Nicolas 4-9 fms.; Santa Barbara, 26-39 
fms. Point Conception, Calif., 8-9 fms.; off Long Beach, Calif., 13 
fms.; Off La Jolla, Calif., 1 fm. Guadalupe Island, Baja California, 
26-29 fms. 

Relationship: This species is unique in Ampithoe for having the 
male and female gnathopods identical, the male gnathopod 2 being as 
small as gnathopod 1. 

Young males and females are difficult to separate from A. plea, A. 
lindbergi, A. mea, and A. tea. 

Distribution: Puget Sound to Guadalupe Island. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


CO 





Figure 2.—Ampithoe humeralis Stimpson, male, 22 mm., sta. 1206: a, head; b, peduncle 
of antenna 1; c. metasome; d, lower lip; e, f, gnathopod 1; g, h, gnathopod 2; i~m, pereopods 


1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 





AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 9 





Ficure 3.—Ampithoe humeralis Stimpson, male, 22 mm., sta. 1206: a-d, uropods 1, 2, 3, 3; 
e, telson; female, 19 mm.: f, g, gnathopods 1, 2. 


Ampithoe lacertosa Bate 
Ficures 4-5 
Amphithoé [sic] lacertosa Bate, 1858, p. 362; 1862, pp. 236-237, pl. 41, fig. 5. 
Ampithoe lacertosa.—Stebbing, 1906, pp. 633-634.—J. L. Barnard, 1954, pp. 
31-33, pls. 29-30.—Nagata, 1960, pp. 175-176, pl. 16, figs. 95-96. 

Amphithoé macrurus Stephensen, 1944, pp. 80-83, figs. 30-31. 
Dexamine scitulus Harford, 1877, p. 116. 
Amphithoé scitulus Holmes, 1904, pp. 314-315, pl. 36, figs. 21-24. 
?Amphithoé Stimpsoni Boeck, 1871, pp. 14-15, fig. 5. 

Diagnosis: Second and third pleonal epimera with a point at the 
lower posterior corners; articles 5 and 6 of male gnathopod 1 subequal 
in length, posterior edge of article 5 formed of a broad, flat lobe 
bluntly projecting distally, palm oblique; male gnathopod 2 with 
large rounded lobes on articles 2 and 3, article 5 with an intermediate- 
sized hind lobe, article 6 greatly elongated, subrectangular, palm 
transverse, slightly sinuous, slightly cheliform, dactylus stout, fitting 
palm, apically blunt; article 2 of pereopods 1-2 about 2.2 times as long 
as broad; ventral edge of article 1 of antenna 1 with several spines; 
antenna 1 reaching farther than antenna 2, its flagellum about twice as 
long as flagellum of antenna 2, both flagella poorly setose, but long and 
with numerous articles; outer apical lobule of lower lip twice as long as 
inner lobule, peduncle of uropod 3 elongated; peduncular process of 
uropod 1 poorly developed. 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 





Ficure 4.—Ampithoe lacertosa Bate, male, 22 mm., sta. 1455: a, lower lip; }, article 1 of 
antenna 1; c, gnathopod 1; d, e, gnathopod 2; f-j, pereopods 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; k, J, ends of 
pereopods 3, 5; 0, metasome; male, 11 mm., Barnard sta. 33: m, n, gnathopoas 1, 2. 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD i) 


Females: Article 5 of gnathopod 1 ranging from shorter to longer 
than article 6 (the latter, see Nagata, 1960), the larger the female, 
the longer is article 5. Hence, the gnathopods of young females may 
be confused with those of A. valida and indeed are like those figured 





Ficure 5.—Ampithoe lacertosa Bate, male, 22 mm., sta. 1455: a, head; b-e, uropods 1, 2, 3, 3; 
f, telson; male, 15 mm., Barnard sta. 33: g-1 gnathopods 1, 2, 2; female, 12.5 mm., 
Barnard sta. 33: 7, article 1 of antenna 1; k—-m, gnathopods 1, 2, 2. 

by Nagata for A. valida. Gnathopod 2 with article 5 like the male 

article 5 of gnathopod 2; article 6 a slightly stouter version of the 

same article in gnathopod 1. 

Material: Velero stations 1455 (1),1646(1). Barnard station 33 (12). 
Records: California: Pacific Grove, intertidal; Santa Catalina 

Island, intertidal; La Jolla, 1 fm. 

Remarks: Deramine scitulus Harford, the type of which was re- 
figured by Holmes (1904), apparently is a female of this species. 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 


The most important clues are the lengths of the antennal flagella and 
the produced points of the second and third pleonal epimera, unique 
to this species. 

Possibly A. stimpsoni Boeck, from San Francisco, represents a 
young male of this species, although it could also represent A. japonica 
Stebbing or A. djakonovi Gurjanova, two species which may occur in 
northern California. Bate (1862) shows this species having uropod 
3 exceeding the end of uropod 2 by a considerable degree. In these 
southern specimens of smaller size, this is not the case. 

Distribution: ‘Arctic Seas”? (Bate 1862), a cold temperate species 
barely penetrating to tropical limits in the warm temperate, from 
Kodiak Alaska, south to the Shizueka Prefecture in Japan and to 
Magdalena Bay in Baja California, with records from Oregon, Puget 
Sound, and southern California. 


Ampithoe lindbergi Gurjanova 


FIGURES 6-7 
Amphithoe [sic] lindbergi Gurjanova, 1938, pp. 351-354, fig. 49; 1951, pp. 892-895, 
fig. 620. 
Ampithoe femorata Krgyer.—J. L. Barnard, 1952, pp. 24-28, pls. 6-7 (not Kr¢gyer, 
1845). 


Diagnosis: Second and third pleonal epimera rounded behind; 
article 6 of male gnathopod 1 slightly longer than article 5, posterior 
edge of article 5 with a broadly truncated posterior lobe, article 6 
slender, rectangular, palm short, transverse, finger greatly overlapping 
palm; gnathopod 2 of male with subrectangular article 6, palm 
oblique, slightly concave, but clearly defined, minutely crenulate at 
defining area, palm shorter than hind margin of article 6, finger short, 
fitting palm or slightly overlapping it, article 2 with poorly developed 
distal bump; article 2 of pereopods 1-2 about 2.0 times as long as 
broad; ventral edge of article 1 on antenna 1 with at least one spine; 
antenna 1 longer than antenna 2, flagellum nearly four times as long 
as flagellum of antenna 2; flagellum of antenna 2 very short, stout, 
strongly setose, progressively decreasing in male in number of articles 
from about 6 to 3; apical lobules of lower lip short, subequal in length; 
coxa 1 not produced forward; peduncular process of uropod 1 long. 

Female: Gnathopod 1 similar to that of male, article 5 slightly 
shorter; gnathopod 2 like gnathopod 1 but article 5 even shorter and 
with moderately well-developed, but rather stout hind lobe; antenna 
2 generally with 1-3 more flagellar articles than in male. 

Material: Velero station 1664 (15). Barnard stations 27 (3), 42- 
T-5 (1 juv.?), 42-T-6 (2), 42-T-7 (1), 42-C-7 (2), 43-B-3 (2). 
Point Fermin, Calif., Jan. 14, 1949, coll. Dr. J. L. Mohr (2). 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 13 





Ficure 6.—Ampithoe lindbergi Gurjanova, male, 12.0 mm., sta. 1664: a, head; b, metasome; 
c, flagellum of antenna 2; d, ¢, gnathopod 1; f-h, gnathopod 2; i-1, pereopods 1, 3, 4, 5; 
m, end of pereopod 5. 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





Figure 7.—Ampithoe lindbergi Gurjanova, station 1664: a, b, gnathopods 1, 2, male, 11.5 
mm.; c-g, female, 9.0 mm.: ¢, antenna 2; d, flagellum of antenna 2; ¢, f, gnathopods 1, 2; 
g, peduncle of antenna 1; h-o, male, 12.0 mm.: 4, lower lip; i-l, uropods 1, 2, 3, 3; m, n, 
inner and outer rami of uropod 3; 0, telson. 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 15 


Records: California intertidal: Cayucos; Hazard Canyon Reef, 
south of Morro Bay; Point Fermin; Santa Cruz Island. 

Distribution: Bering Sea, Okhotsk Sea, Japan Sea to California at 
Point Fermin, near Los Angeles. 


Ampithoe longimana Smith 


FIGURE 8 


Amphithoé [sic] longimana Smith, 1873, pp. 563-564.—Holmes, 1905, p. 509, fig. 
Amphithoe longimana.— Kunkel, 1910, pp. 87-90, fig. 34; 1918, pp. 147-149, fig. 43. 
Amphithoé longimana.—Pearse, 1912, p. 376. 

Ampithoe longimana.—J. L. Barnard, 1959, pp. 36-37, pl. 12. 

Diagnosis: Second and third pleonal epimera rounded behind and 
at lower corners, no lateral ridges; articles 5 and 6 of male gnathopod 
1 equal in length, slender, palm obsolescent, finger greatly overlapping 
the end of article 6, hind edge of article 5 shallow, not lobed, broad, 
flat; male gnathopod 2 rather small, scarcely larger than gnathopod 1, 
article 5 shorter than 6 and with subacute hind lobe not strongly 
projecting, palm oblique, sinuous, sharply defined, finger fitting palm; 
second articles of both gnathopods with anterodistal lobes; article 2 
of pereopods 1-2 about 2.5 times as long as broad; ventral edge of 
article 1 on antenna 1 with one or two spines; antenna 1 longer than 
2, flagellum of antenna 1 about 3 times as long as that of antenna 2, 
flagella both poorly setose, outer apical lobule of lower lip slightly 
longer than inner lobule, not appressed; coxa 1 produced forward; 
peduncular process of uropod 1 vestigial. 

Female: Article 5 of gnathopod 1 slightly shorter than article 6, 
palm better developed than in male; gnathopod 2 like that of male 
but articles 5 and 6 shorter. 

Material: Same as Barnard 1959. 

Distribution: Atlantic coast of the United States, from Massa- 
chusetts to Florida Bay, Fla.; Bermuda; Pacific America from Bahia 
de San Quintin, Baja California north to Morro Bay, Calif., confined 
to embayments and lagoons. 


Ampithoe plea, new species 
Fiaures 9, 10 


Diagnosis: Second and third pleonal epimera rounded behind; 
articles 5 and 6 of male gnathopod 1 equal in length, posterior edge 
of article 5 with a truncate, rather broad lobe, article 6 rectangular 
but not very slender, palm well developed, slightly oblique, well 
defined, finger scarcely overlapping palm; gnathopod 2 in terminal 
male with article 6 greatly elongated, the full hind margin representing 
the palm, with a blunt process near the finger hinge, article 7 long, 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


curved, reaching to end of palm or the full length of article 6, article 
2 with poorly developed distal bump; article 2 of pereopods 1 and 2 
about 2.0 times as long as broad; ventral edge of article 1 on antenna 





Seay TW: 


Ficure 8.—Ampithoe longimana Smith, male, 9.0 mm. , Newport Bay, Calif. (redrawn after 
Barnard 1959): a, head; b, lower lip; c, pleonal segment 3; d, ¢, parts of antennae Il, 2; 
f, g, gnathopods 1, 2; je pereopods 2, 3, 5; k-m, drogeues 1, 2, 3; n, telson; female, 9. 0 
mm.: 0, p, enathopods iS 2 


1 with a few distal setae; antenna 1 somewhat longer than antenna 2, 
flagellum four times as fone as that of antenna 2; flagellum of an- 
tenna 2 very short, stout, about 8-articulate, aniele 1 of flagellum 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD LZ 


especially stout but elongated, conspicuously setose; lateral apical 
lobule of lower lip projecting more than medial lobule; coxa 1 not 
produced forward; peduncular process of uropod 1 long. 

Female: Flagellum of antenna 2 slender; gnathopod 1 like male 
but article 5 slightly shorter than 6, article 6 slightly more slender, 





EK — 
Rae ee a — 


Ficure 9.—Ampithoe plea, new species, holotype, male, 8.5 mm., sta. 4806: a, lateral view; 
b, peduncle of antenna 1; c-f, uropods 1, 2, 3, 3; g, lower lip; female, 7.5 mm.: A, antenna 2. 
palm shorter and finger shorter; gnathopod 2 like gnathopod 1 but 
article 5 short, with moderately better developed hind lobe, articles 
6 and 7 slightly stouter than in gnathopod 1; article 2 of both gnatho- 
pods with posterodistal edge serrate and strongly setose. 

782—213—65—_—2 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Young male: Gnathopod 2 with shorter finger, process of palm 
scarcely developed. Apparently with age some second antennal 
flagellar segments are lost because the young male here has 10 flagellar 
articles and the terminal male only 8. 





Ficure 10.—Ampithoe plea, new species, holotype, male, 8.5 mm., sta. 4806: a, b, gnatho- 
pods 1, 2; c-g, pereopods 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; young male, 4.5 mm.: h, gnathopod 2; female, 
7.5 mm.: 2, J, gnathopods 1, 2. 





AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 19 


Holotype: Allan Hancock Foundation No. 5737, male, 8.5 mm. 

Type locality: Velero station 4806, Palos Verdes Headland, Los 
Angeles Co., Calif., 33-44-13 N., 118-23-08 W., 8 fms., Jan. 6, 1957. 

Material: Velero stations 4806 (8), 4823 (1 juv.?) 4956 (1). Camp- 
bell station 5 (juv. 1?). 

Records: Near Coal Oil Point, Calif., 8 fms.; Goleta, living in hold- 
fast of Macrocystis pyrifera; Palos Verdes Headland, Calif.; off Santa 
Barbara, Calif., 17 m. 

Relationship: This species is closely related to A. orventalis Dana, 
as reviewed by J. L. Barnard (1955) but differs by the very short, 
stout male second antennal flagellum and by gnathopod 1 which is 
much stouter, especially article 6, its palm well developed and with 
article 7 scarcely overlapping the palm. The second articles of 
pereopods 1-5 are more slender in the new species. 

Ampithoe mea Gurjanova (see 1951) is another relative, but again 
its first gnathopod is more slender, the palm shorter, and the finger 
overlapping the palm more strongly. The second antennal flagellum 
of A. mea, although tending to be short and stout, has 22 articles. 
The first antenna has a stout spine on peduncular article 1. Probably 
A. mea and A. eoa Gurjanova (see 1951) are synonomous despite 
Gurjanova’s careful analysis of their differences in a table on p. 885. 
For instance, her figure of pereopod 3 (fig. 616) is indeed pereopod 
2 and so is not comparable to the third pereopod of A. eoa. Ampithoe 
mea is simply a younger stage of A. eoa, the male finger on gnathopod 
2 being shorter (see A. orientalis in J. L. Barnard [1955] and other 
species of Ampithoe herein, where the gnathopodal development is 
traced) and the disparity in thickness between articles 5 and 6 of 
pereopod 5 increasing with age. The present new species differs 
from both A. mea and A. eoa in the development of a process near the 
finger hinge in adult male gnathopod 2. 


Ampithoe lindbergi Gurjanova (see 1951) is a distinct species also 
available in the present collections. Its second antenna has the 
short thick flagellum, but again its first gnathopod is very slender 
with the strongly overlapping finger; however, one might imagine 
that its second gnathopod could develop into that of A. plea with ad- 
vancing age. Perhaps there are differences in the second articles 
of pereopods 3-5 because in the new species they are abnormally 
slender; they have not been described for the types of A. lindbergi. 

Ampithoe annenkovae Gurjanova (see 1951) is another species 
with the long palm and finger of male gnathopod 2. Its second 
antennal flagellum is slender although only 9-articulate and perhaps 
the antenna shown is for the female. If so, and the male antenna had 
been broken, it would be conceivable that A. annenkovae males are 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 


simply terminations of those of A. lindbergi. The male palmar 

border of gnathopod 2 in A. annenkovae is furnished irregularly with 

serrate bumps. The female gnathopod 2 of A. annenkovae is re- 

markably like the male second gnathopod of A. lindbergi. 
Distribution: Southern California. 


Ampithoe plumulosa Shoemaker 
Figures 11, 12 


Ampithoe plumulosa Shoemaker, 1938, pp. 16-19, fig. 1; 1942, p. 39.—J. L. Bar- 
nard, 1959, p. 37. 

Diagnosis of male: Second and third pleonal epimera rounded 
behind and at lower corners, no lateral ridges; article 5 of gnathopod 1 
shorter than 6, hind edge with a truncated lobe, acutely, but slightly, 
projecting distally, palm obsolescent; gnathopod 2 with elongated 
rectangular article 6, palm oblique, sinuous, palmar corner well 
defined, finger stout, curved, fitting palm, article 5 with narrow 
subacute hind lobe; second articles of both gnathopods with rounded 
anterodistal lobes, aberrantly acute in gnathopod 2 (fig. 112); article 
2 of pereopods 1-2 about 2.4 times as long as broad; ventral edge of 
article 1 of antenna 1 spiniferous; antenna 1 longer than 2, its flagellum 
much longer than that of antenna 2, flagellum of antenna 2 scarcely 
longer than article 5 of peduncle but more than 20-articulate, flagellum 
and article 5 of peduncle densely setose; outer apical lobules of lower 
lip slender and much longer than medial lobules; coxa 1 produced 
forward; peduncular process of uropod 1 vestigial. 

Female: Gnathopod 2 with a more oblique, but less sinuous palm 
than in male, hind lobe of article 5 more obtuse. 

Material: Velero stations 878 (1), 1041 (1), 1221 (7), 1440 (1), 
1449 (40), 1508 (1), 1509 (4), 2000 (1), 2066 (2), 2080 (19), 4822 (2), 
4852 (1), 5364 (3), 5564 (2). Barnard stations 33 (5), 36 (3), 37 (45). 
Glorietta Bay, San Diego Bay, Mar. 19, 1950, coll. Dr. J. L. Mohr (15); 
Dana Point, Calif., Jan. 25, 1948, in Phyllospadiz, coll. Dr. J. L. 
Mohr (3). Black Warrior Lagoon, Baja California, Mar. 21, 1956, 
coll. Drs. J. Soule and W. K. Emerson, station 336 (1). 

Records: California intertidal at Santa Catalina Island, Newport 
Bay, Corona del Mar. Baja California intertidal at Punta Eugenia, 
20 miles east of Punta Eugenia, Punta Santa Rosalia, Millers Land- 
ing on “west” side of Bahia Sebastian Viscaino. Cedros Island on 
Phyllospadiz. California subintertidal: near Point Conception 9 
fms., Gaviota 8 fms., Point Mugu 9 fms., Anacapa Island 15 fms., 
Newport 11 fms., La Jolla 1 fm. Mexico: Guaymas. 

Distribution: British Columbia to Ecuador. 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 21 


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ty 
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4 
4 
‘Aq 
\ 
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L 
1 
ty 
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Ficure 11.—Ampithoe plumulosa Shoemaker, maie, 13 mm., Bahia de San Quintin: a, head; 
b, third pleonal epimeron; c, d, gnathopods 1, 2; e-g, pereopods 3, 4, 5; younger male: 
h, i, gnathopods 1, 2. 


22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 118 





Ficure 12.—Ampithoe plumulosa Shoemaker, male, 13 mm., Bahia de San Quintin: a, 
lower lip; b-e, uropods 1, 2, 3, 3; f, telson; female, 12 mm.: g-i, gnathopods 1, 2, 2. 


Ampithoe pollex Kunkel 
Ficures 13-14 


Amphithoe [sic] pollex Kunkel, 1910, pp. 92-94, fig. 36. 
Ampithoe pollex.—J. L. Barnard, 1954, pp. 29-31, pis. 27-28; 1959, p. 37. 
Grubia indentata Stout, 1913, pp. 656-657. 

Diagnosis of male: Second and third pleonal epimera rounded on 
posteroventral corners, no lateral ridges; article 5 of gnathopod 1 
shorter than article 6, posterior edge of article 5 with a rounded hind 
lobe, palm oblique; gnathopod 2 with oblique palm developing a 
progressively larger detached hind tooth that grows distalward until 
it overextends a transverse palmar line; a small process overrides the 
hinge area but is not a part of the palm; finger fitting palm in young, 
increasingly overlapping the large palmar tooth in old age; second 
articles of both gnathopods with anterodistal lobes, not strongly 
prominent in gnathopod 2; article 5 of gnathopod 2 with a slender, 
subobtuse hind lobe; article 2 of pereopods 1-2 about 3.2 times as 
long as broad; ventral edge of article 1 of antenna 1 not spiniferous; 
antenna 2 slightly longer than antenna 1, flagellum of antenna 1 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 23 





Ficure 13.—Ampithoe pollex Kunkel, male, 5.6 mm., Bahia de San Quintin: a, head; 
b, gnathopod 1; ¢, d, gnathopod 2; e-1, pereopods 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; young male, 4.0 mm.: 
j, k, gnathopods 1, 2. 


24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob, 118 


longer than that of antenna 2, flagella both slender and poorly setose; 
apical lobules of lower lip about equally short, bulbous, appressed; 
coxa 1 produced forward; peduncular process of uropod 1 vestigial. 





Ficure 14.—Ampithoe pollex Kunkel, male, 5.0 mm., Bahia de San Quintin: a, antenna 1; 


b, lower lip; c, metasome; d-g, uropods 1, 2, 3, 3; h, telson; female, 6.0 mm.: 1,7, gnathopods 
Nee 2 


Females: Palm of gnathopod 2 oblique, about as long as hind margin 
of article 6, article 5 with subacute hind lobe, broader than in male 
genathopod 2. 

Material: Velero station 1933 (1). Barnard stations 13 (26), 21 (2), 
31 (21), 1 (40), 9 (23), 38 (11 samples with 154 specimens), 42 (14 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—-BARNARD 25 


samples with 151 specimens), 43 (10). Estero de Punta Banda 
(Ensenada), Mar. 21-23, 1951, coll. Dr. J. L. Mohr (20); Laguna 
Beach, Calif., Jan. 24, 1948, coll. Dr. J. L. Mohr (8); Coronado Yacht 
Harbor, San Diego Bay, Mar. 19, 1950, coll. Dr. J. L. Mohr (10). 

Records: California intertidal at Cayucos, Hazard Canyon Reef, 
Point Fermin, Corona del Mar, Laguna Beach, San Diego Bay, La 
Jolla, Santa Catalina Island, Estero de Punta Banda, Baja California. 

Remarks: Ampithoe poller is very closely related to A. folki, 
Gurjanova (1938 and 1951); all of the differences that are noted in 
antennae and gnathopods between the drawings herein and those of 
Gurjanova (1951) could be attributed to mounting techniques or 
expressions of infraspeciation. 

Distribution: Bermuda; eastern Pacific from Oregon to northern 
Baja California. 


Ampithoe ramondi Audouin 
Ficurets 15, 16 


Ampithoe ramondi.—Shoemaker, 1942, p. 40.—J. L. Barnard, 1955, pp. 28-29 
(with references). 

Diagnosis: Second and third pleonal epimera rounded behind; 
article 5 of male gnathopod 1 shorter than 6, hind lobe truncate, 
poorly developed, article 6 rectangular and rather slender, palm very 
oblique and poorly developed but defined by a strong spine, finger 
overlapping palm; gnathopod 2 with oblique and excavate palm 
strongly defined by a subacute process, distal anterior end of article 6 
strongly produced, heavily setose, article 6 rather long for the genus, 
with a moderately developed, broad and blunt hind lobe, article 2 
with a large blunt lobe at anterodistal corner; article 2 of pereopods 
1-2 about 2.5 times as long as broad; ventral edge of article 1 on 
antenna 1 setose, antenna 1 longer than antenna 2, flagellum 2.5 
times as long as flagellum of antenna 2, antenna 2 moderately setose, 
flagellum slender, slightly longer than peduncular article 5; lateral 
apical lobule of lower lip projecting strongly, medial lobule very 
broad, blunt, scarcely projecting; coxa 1 produced forward; peduncu- 
lar process of uropod 1 vestigial. Body bleached clear in alcohol, 
eyes dense eosin in color. 

Female: Gnathopod 1 like that of male, gnathopod 2 typical of 
Ampithoe, with short article 5 having a somewhat broader lobe than 
normal, palm oblique, slightly concave. 

Material: Velero stations 1378 (1), 4861 (2), 4938 (2), 5631 (2), 
6206 (5). 

Records: The medial apical lobule of the lower lip figured by 
Chevreux and Fage (1925) (as A. vaillanti) is more slender and more 
projecting than in the present material from California. 


26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 





Figure 15.—Ampithoe ramondi Audouin, male, 11.5 mm., sta. 6206: a, 6, gnathopod 1; 
c, d, gnathopod 2; e, lower lip; f-j, pereopods 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 27 


Relationship: This species resembles A. simulans in its juvenile 
form but differs by the distally produced article 5 of gnathopod 1. 

Distribution: Circumtropical. Most northerly mainland shelf 
record in California is at San Mateo Point, north of Oceanside. 





Ficure 16.—Ampithoe ramondi Audouin, female, 11.0 mm., sta. 6206: a, b, gnathopod 1; 
c, d, gnathopod 2; male, 11.5 mm.: e-h, uropods 1, 2, 3, 3; 7, 7, inner and outer rami of 
uropod 3; k, telson. 


Ampithoe simulans Alderman 
Figures 17,18 
Ampithoe simulans Alderman, 1936, pp. 68-70, figs. 44-47.—J. L. Barnard, 1954, 
pp. 33-34, 1 fig. 
?Amphithoe corallina Stout, 1912, pp. 134-136, figs. 76-77. 
Diagnosis: Second and third pleonal epimera with a faint suggestion 
of a point at the lower posterior corners; article 5 of male gnathopod 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 118 





Ficure 17.—Ampithoe simulans Alderman, a-o, male, 13 mm., sta. 1463: a, head, enlarge- 
ment shows ventral surface of gland cone projecting medially; b, metasome; c, lower lip; 
d, gnathopod 1; ¢, f, lateral and medial views of gnathopod 2; g-j, pereopods, 1, 3, 4, 5; 
k-n, uropods 1, 2, 3, 3; 0, telson; female, 9 mm., 8-29-50, coll. J. L. Mohr: 9, g, gnatho- 
pods 1, 2; male, 11 mm., same sample: 7, gnathopod 2. 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 29 


1 shorter than article 6, posterior edge of article 5 with a shallow, 
broad hind lobe, palm oblique; articles 2-5 strongly setose; male 
gnathopod 2 with palm quite oblique, excavated to form a short 
thumb at defining corner which increases in extension with the elonga- 
tion and further disproportion of the palm, a small process near the 
finger hinge increasing in development also; dactylus fitting palm in 
young males, failing to fit palm in old males; article 2 of pereopods 1-2 





Ficure 18.—Ampithoe simulans Alderman, aberrant specimens similar to 4. pollex in 
second gnathopodal morphology: a, male, 8.0 mm., Barnard sta. 40—A; }, male, 9.0 mm., 
Barnard sta. 40-A, 


about 2.5 times as long as broad; ventral edge of antenna 1, article 1 
not spiniferous; antenna 2 longer than antenna 1, flagellum of antenna 
1 longer than that of antenna 2, flagella both poorly setose; outer 
apical lobule of lower lip slightly longer than inner lobule, the two 
small apical spines on sixth articles of the pereopods are fluted (see 
figures); coxae 1 and 2 scarcely half as long as coxae 3-5; peduncular 
process of uropod 1 vestigial. 


Female: Article 5 of gnathopod 1 shorter than article 6, the append- 
age not as setose as on male; article 5 of gnathopod 2 like that of male 


gnathopod 2, much shorter than on gnathopod 1, with a narrow 
hind lobe. 


30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 


Material: Reported by Barnard, 1954. Velero stations 1463 (1), 
1489 (1). Barnard station 40 (2). 

Records: Coos Bay, intertidal; North Bay, Cape Arago State Park, 
Oreg., intertidal. Coal Oil Point, near Goleta, Calif. 

Remarks: Possibly Ampithoe corallina represents a senior synonym 
of this species. The shape of the lower lip and gnathopod 1 correspond 
well with the female of A. simulans but Stout draws a small point on 
the third pleonal epimeron, possibly giving indication that A. corallina 
belongs with A. lacertosa. In any case the second antenna is not 
typical of either species and more search must be made for animals 
corresponding with Stout’s figures. 

Two aberrant male specimens from Barnard station 40 are figured 
to show the aspect of gnathopod 2 similar to A. pollex; however, their 
lower lips are those of A. simulans. 

Distribution: Oregon to Coal Oil Point, southern California. 


Ampithoe tea, new species 


Figures 19-21 


Diagnosis: All pleonal epimera rounded behind and at lower corners, 
no lateral ridges; articles 5 and 6 of male gnathopod 1 equal in length, 
posterior edge of article 5 with a truncated, rather shallow hind lobe, 
article 6 narrow, sublinear, palm transverse, finger overlapping palm 
by its full length; gnathopod 2 in male undergoing extensive differentia- 
tion, commencing with a finger about half as long as article 6 and the 
palm slightly excavated, scarcely defined and quite oblique, through 
several stages until the finger is as long as article 6, fitting the entire 
hind edge of article 6, which forms the palm, the palm developing a 
process near the finger hinge, followed by a shallow excavation and 
then a relatively straight but sloping edge, the palmar edge minutely 
crenulated; the finger becoming increasingly bent at its base; article 
2 of gnathopod 2 with poorly developed distal bump; article 2 of 
pereopods 1 and 2 strongly inflated, 1.9 times as long as broad; article 
2 of pereopod 3 broader than long; ventral edge of article 1 of first 
antenna not spiniferous; antenna 1 much longer than antenna 2, the 
flagellum of antenna 1 more than four times as long as that of antenna 
2, the latter flagellum rather short, 0.5 times as long as article 5 of 
peduncle, and the second antenna rather setose; article 4 of peduncle 
120% as long as article 5; outer apical lobule of lower lip somewhat 
longer than medial lobule; coxae 1 and 2 shorter than 3 and 4 but not 
broadened, coxa 1 not produced forward; peduncular process of 
uropod 1 long. 

Female: Article 5 of gnathopod 1 shorter than article 6 and thus 
shorter than in the male; gnathopod 2 with article 6 similar to that of 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 31 





Ficure 19.—Ampithoe tea, new species, male, holotype 12.0 mm., sta. 1870: a, lateral 
view; b, lower lip; c—f, uropods 1, 2, 3, 3; g, telson; male, 10 mm.: A, gnathopod 2; male, 
6.0 mm.: 7, gnathopod 1; male, 8.0 mm.: 7, gnathopod 2. 


32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 118 





Ficure 20.—Ampithoe tea, new species, male, holotype, 12 mm., sta. 1870: a, b, gnathopod 
1; c-e, gnathopod 2; #7, pereopods 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 30 


gnathopod 1 in both sexes but stouter and less linear, article 5 shorter 
than 6 and with well-developed hind lobe that is relatively stouter 
than that of male gnathopod 2; antenna 2 poorly setose. 

Holotype: Allan Hancock Foundation No. 4921, male, 12.0 mm. 

Type locality: Velero station 1870, 0.2 mi. NE. of Willow Cove, 
Santa Catalina Island, 33-22-17 N., 118-20-55 W., 21 fms., dredge, 
kelp, Aug. 25, 1949. 

Material: Velero stations 1221 (2), 1370 (2), 1875 (1), 13881 (7), 
1407 (1), 1453 (3), 1623 (1), 1870 (122), 1871 (44), 1924 (3), 2080 
(13), 5369 (7), 6695 (37), 6696 (2), 6803 (15). Barnard stations 
33 (7), 37 (1), 39-J—-1 (716), 39-K-1 (11). 





Ficure 21.—Ampithoe tea, new species, female, 8.5 mm., sta. 1870: a, antenna 1; }, ¢ 
gnathopod 1; d, ¢, gnathopod 2; f, coxa 3. 


Records: California, intertidal: Santa Catalina Island; Coal Oil 
Point; Corona Del Mar. Santa Catalina Island, several localities, 18-37 
fms.; near Point Conception, 2-3 fms.; off Santa Barbara, 9 fms.; 
off Laguna Beach, 10 fms.; La Jolla, 1 fm.: 20 miles east of Punta 
Eugenia, Baja California, intertidal; Guadalupe Island, Baja 
California, 25 fms. 

Relationship: This material differs from Ampithoe eoa Gurjanova 
(1938 and 1951) by the equally broad fifth and sixth articles of 
pereopod 5, by the development of a palmar process near the finger 

[a2 65 6 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 118 


hinge of gnathopod 2, and by the much more slender second gnathopod 
of the female having a transverse, not oblique and slightly sinuous 
palm. 

From A. mea Gurjanova (1938 and 1950) this species differs by the 
development of a palmar process on male gnathopod 2, the broader 
second article of pereopod 3 and the more slender female gnathopod 
2 with transverse palm. The present material corresponds with 
A. mea in the strongly setose second male antenna; the male gnathopod 
2 figured by Gurjanova could be one stage of the development in the 
present material. The female gnathopod 2 shown by Gurjanova, 
however, is most distinct; otherwise I should assign this material to 
that species. Possibly her ‘female’ was a young male. 

From A. annenkovae this material differs again by the female 
second gnathopod, which in that species is quite large and well 
developed, and the male gnathopod 2 of A. mea has a series of small 
protuberances along its palm, not just one near the finger hinge. 

The possibility exists that the three species mentioned above may 
represent stages in a single growth series and that the females de- 
scribed for each of the species above are stages of old age. For the 
present, these materials must be segregated from those mentioned 
above. 

Ampithoe orientalis, as redescribed by J. L. Barnard (1955) is very 
similar, but article 6 of gnathopod 1 is more slender, and the fully 
developed process at the distal end of the palm is not sculptured as 
fully as in A. tea. 


Ampithoe valida Smith 


FIGURES 22, 23 


Amphithoé [sic] valida Smith, 1873, p. 563.—Paulmier, 1905, pp. 164-165, fig. 34. 

Ampithoe valida, Alderman, 1936, p. 68.—J. L. Barnard, 1954a, pp. 34-35, pl. 
31—Nagata, 1960, 176, pl. 16, figs. 97-98. 

Ampithoé shimizuensis Stephensen, 1944, pp. 77-80, figs. 27-28. 

Diagnosis: Second and third pleonal epimera with very slight 
points at lower posterior corners; article 5 of male gnathopod 1 
slightly longer than article 6, posterior edge of article 5 forming a 
broad hind lobe with a distal projection, article 2 strongly setose, palm 
oblique; gnathopod 2 with large rounded lobes on articles 2 and 3, 
article 5 with narrow hind lobe, article 6 elongated, rectangular, palm 
transverse, bearing a quadrate middle bump, finger curved, fitting 
palm; article 2 of pereopods 1-2 about 2.5 times as long as broad; 
ventral edge of article 1 on antenna 1 bearing setae, no spines; 
antennae 1 and 2 equal in length, flagellum of antenna 1 twice as long 
as that of antenna 2, neither flagellum strongly setose; apical lobules 
of lower lip so broad and appressed that they mask their separating 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 


30 


JJSoeacoarSs Ges 
at 


\\ 
\ 
\ 





Figure 22.—Ampithoe valida Smith, male, 10.0 mm., Coos Bay, Oreg.: a, head; b, meta- 
some; c, gnathopod 1; d, e, gnathopod 2; f-7, pereopods 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 


36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


incision, both projecting equally; coxa 1 produced forward; peduncular 
process of uropod 1 vestigial. 

Female: Gnathopod 1 unlike that of male, article 5 shorter than 6 
and with an unmodified hind lobe, gnathopod 2 with sixth article like 
that of first gnathopod, but stouter; antenna 1 slightly longer than 
in male, hence both pairs of antennae are more unequal in length. 

Material: Velero station 1453 (1). 

Record: Off Newport Bay, Calif., 6-18 fms. 





Ficure 23.—Ampithoe valida Smith, female, 12.0 mm., Coos Bay, Oreg.: a, b, gnathopods 
1, 2; male, 10 mm.: c, lower lip; d-g, uropods 1, 2, 3, 3; h, telson. 


Remarks: Stephensen’s figures show sufficient distinctions that 
subspecific rank might be held for the Japanese population; the female 
second antennae are heavily setose and the male first gnathopods 
have article 5 shorter and without the posterior lobe produced distally, 
but Nagata (1960) confirms that article 5 appears as shown herein. 

Distribution: Atlantic Ocean: Long Island and New Jersey. 
Pacific Ocean: Japan at Shizuoka Prefecture; Oregon; California 
south to Newport Bay. 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD OL 


Ampithoe species 
Ficures 24, 25 


Refer to: Amphitoe [sic] mea Gurjanova, 1938, pp. 361-364, fig. 53; 1951, pp. 
882-885, fig. 616. Ampithoe eoa.—J. L. Barnard, 1954, pp. 27-28, pls. 25-26 
(not Gurjanova 1938). 

Diagnosis of present material: All pleonal epimera rounded behind 
and at lower corners, no lateral ridges; article 6 of male gnathopod 1 
longer than article 5, posterior edge of article 5 with a rounded, 
scarcely truncated, shallow posterior lobe, article 6 narrow, sublinear, 
palm transverse, finger overlapping palm by its full length; gnathopod 
2 of male in a state of intermediacy compared with Ampithoe tea, new 
species, finger about half as long as hind edge of article 6, palm not 
distinct, the hind edge of article 6 minutely serrate, with a slight 
notch near distal end, article 2 with a poorly developed distal bump; 
article 2 of pereopods 1—2 strongly inflated, 1.6 times as long as broad; 
article 2 of pereopod 3 broader than long; ventral edge of article 1 of 
first antenna with a few distal slender spines; antenna 1 much longer 
than antenna 2, the flagellum of antenna 1 about 3 times as long as 
that of antenna 2, the latter flagellum short, 1.3 times as long as article5 
of peduncle, articles stout, antenna 2 well setose, article 4 of peduncle 
about 90% (aberrantly 60% as in figured male) as long as article 5; 
outer apical lobule of lower lip somewhat longer than medial lobule; 
coxae 1 and 2 shorter than 3 and 4 but not broadened, coxa 1 not 
produced forward; peduncular process of uropod 1 long. 

Female: Article 5 of gnathopod 1 shorter than article 6; gnathopod 
2 with article 6 similar to that of gnathopod 1 in both sexes but stouter 
and less linear, article 5 shorter than 6 and with well-developed 
posterior lobe that is narrower than in A. tea, new species. 

Material: Barnard station 5 (5). 

Record: Corona del Mar, Calif., intertidal. 

Remarks: The specimens differ from the figures of A. mea Gurjanova 
(and A. eoa Gurjanova) in the female second gnathopod, having a 
transverse palm with a strongly overlapping finger. In A. mea the 
female second gnathopod has an oblique, excavated palm with the 
finger fitting it and a longer fourth article of antenna 2. I suggest the 
possibility that A. mea females shown by Gurjanova may be either 
aberrant, gerontic females commencing to demonstrate male conditions 
or subadult males. The correspondence of A. annenkovae Gurjanova 
(see 1951) to A. mea is striking. The male and female second gnatho- 


38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


\\ 


Meet eetcet el 


{ 


[y 


if 
I) 
‘ 
I}: 
/ 
ti 
: 
\} 





Ficure 24.—Ampithoe species, male, 8.0 mm., Barnard sta. 5: a, head; b, lower lip; ¢, 
peduncle of antenna 1; d, ¢, gnathopod 1; f-h, gnathopod 2; i-m, pereopods 1, 2, 3, 4, 5s 
n, metasome. 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 39 


pods are simply later growth stages if one considers that A. mea 
undergoes the same terminal development seen in other Ampithoes. 
If those two species prove to be the same, then the female second 
gnathopod may be normal in A. mea and the present material would 
have to be established nomenclaturally. 

A. eoa has a broadened fifth article of pereopod 5 and longer and 
more truncate article 5 of male gnathopod 1. 





Ficure 25.—Ampithoe species, female, 9.6 mm., Barnard sta. 5: a, gnathopod 1; 3, ¢, 
gnathopod 2; male, 8.0 mm.: d-g, uropods 1, 2, 3, 3; A, end of peduncle of uropod 3; 7, 7, 
outer and inner rami of uropod 3; &, telson. 


Ampithoe orientalis, as redescribed by J. L. Barnard (1955), has a 
somewhat more slender sixth article of gnathopod 1 and an elongated, 
slender, second antenna. 

The second gnathopod of the female A. annenkovae (see Gurjanova, 
1951) is enlarged somewhat as in the male and has an oblique palm. 

The material identified by Barnard (1954) as A. eoa differs from 
that species in the structure of pereopod 5 and by the equal 
lobation of the lower lip. Except for the male gnathopods, that 
material might be confused with A. lindbergi. Both A. mea and the 
present material have the unequal lobation of the lower lip; hence A. 
eoa of Barnard (1954) is unassignable to a known species, but is not 
worthy of designation until more Oregonian materials can be studied. 
Because only 5 specimens of the present material are known from the 
coast of southern California and they have the aspect of the northern 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


Ampithoes, it is presumed they represent a marginal population that 
will find assignment to a northern species. The aberrancy of the 
shortened fourth article of antenna 2 of one of the males indicates the 
marginality of the deme. 

In summary, these several populations of closely related ampithoes 
are now recorded, but relationships and taxonomic assignments are 
still unclear: Ampithoe mea Gurjanova, A. eoa Gurjanova, A. annenko- 
vae Gurjanova, A. eoa of Barnard (1954), the present material of 
Ampithoe species, A. tea Barnard, new species, and A. plea Barnard, 
new species. 


Genus Cymadusa 
Acanthogrubia Stout, 1912, p. 143. 
Cymadusa uncinata (Stout), new combination 
FiGuRES 26-28 
Acanthogrubia uncinata Stout, 1912, p. 146, figs. 81-83. 
Paragrubia uncinata.—Shoemaker, 1941, p. 188.—Hewatt, 1946, p. 199. 

Diagnosis: Male gnathopod 2 with palm nearly transverse and 
bearing a deep slit that splits off a large posterior tooth; accessory 
flagellum 3-5 articulate. 

Material: Velero station, 878-38 (3). Barnard station 41 (100+). 

Records: Goleta and Anacapa Island, Calif., 2 and 15 fms.; at 
Goleta collected from holdfasts of Macrocystis pyrifera. 

Relationship: This is the only species of the genus to have the 
large tooth of gnathopod 2, and so it is remarkably distinct from its 
relatives. Apparently this is the largest amphipod species on the 
coast of southern California, reaching a length of 35 mm. 

Shoemaker transferred this species to Paragrubia, but it belongs 
with Cymadusa because gnathopod 1 is smaller than gnathopod 2, 
the reverse of the condition of Paragrubia. 

Distribution: Southern California. 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 41 





Ficure 26.—Cymadusa uncinata (Stout), male, 20 mm., Barnard sta. 41: a, lateral view; 
b, lower lip; ¢, gnathopod 1; d, e, pereopods 1, 2; f, g, pereopod 3; h, pereopod 5; 7-1, uropods 
| a 


42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM mc 





Ane 


Ficure 27.—Cymadusa uncinata (Stout), female, 30 mm., Barnard sta. 41: a, upper lip; 
b, mandible; ¢, d, maxillae 1, 2; ¢, maxilliped; f, inner plate of maxilliped; g, end of max- 
illipedal palp; A, 1, gnathopod 1; 7, gnathopod 2; &, outer ramus of uropod 3; /, telson. 


AMPITHOIDAE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—BARNARD 43 


) , \ 

S YN aN 
i 
NY ul ) 





Ficure 28.—Cymadusa uncinata (Stout), female, 30 mm., Barnard sta. 41: a, medial view 
of gnathopod 2; male, 20 mm.: }, ¢c, lateral and medial views of gnathopod 2; develop- 
mental stages in male gnathopod 2: d-i. 


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46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 118 


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pp. 134-149, figs. 74-84. 

1913. Studies in Laguna Amphipoda. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., vol. 34, pt. 5/6, 
pp. 633-659, figs. 1-3. 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1968 








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Proceedings of 


the United States 





National Museum 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION +- WASHINGTON, D.C. 





Volume 118 1965 Number 3523 


SPECIES OF OEDEMERIDAE 
OF THE BIG BEND REGION OF TEXAS! 


By Ross H. Arnett, Jr.’ 


During May 1959, Drs. Henry F. Howden and Edward Becker 
made very extensive and interesting collections of insects in and near 
Big Bend National Park, Tex. This particular collecting trip has 
resulted in the detection of many rare and several undescribed species 
in this poorly sampled area. The truth of this statement becomes 
more apparent as their material is made available to the specialists. 
Although there were “several good general rains totaling two to three 
inches . . . during the month of May” (Howden, 1960), this alone 
does not account for the wealth of material collected by these two 
entomologists. After having been in the field with Dr. Howden, I 
am convinced there is more than luck involved in the collection of 
these rare species. His thorough and persistent methods, during 
which time personal comfort is not his concern, has contributed 
greatly to the progress of beetle taxonomy and biology. It is for this 
~ reason that I wish to dedicate the new species described in this paper 
to Dr. Howden. I also wish to acknowledge with thanks the loan of 
this material by the Canadian National Collection of Insects. 


1 Contribution toward a monograph of the Oedermeridae, no. 21. 
2 Department of Biology, Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 


782-214 47 


48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Family characteristics: These polyphagous beetles range in size 
from 5 to 20 mm. in length, but most specimens are between 8 and 12 
mm. Their body surface has a soft appearance, and the moderate 
vestiture of recumbent setae covers the somewhat shining body surface. 
The color is fuscus to testaceous, or bicolorous with head and/or 
pronotum reddish orange, more rarely, dark or piceus or metallic 
colored. The head is not strongly constricted behind the eyes. The 
antenna are filiform. The pronotum is broadest anteriorly or at 
middle, without lateral margins. The procoxal cavities are open 
behind and the tarsal formula is 5-5-4, with at least the penultimate 
segment dilated and tomentose ventrally; claws simple, or with a 
basal tooth. 


Key to the Species of Big Bend Oedemeridae * 


1. Antennal base situated within deep emargination of eyes; mandibles entire 


(Calopodinae) .. . . . . . . Sparedrus depressus (Champion) 
Antennal base situated 4 in oaks of eyes which are emarginate (Oedemeri- 
nae) . ; Sibi tatat Hex haptath ict asl Saat di Meghs a eh gk ods =o. ee Ae ee err 

2. Both mandibles entice st BA rp ES aOR ARE POE SO ahs ne oa Toe GAR RE ee 
Both mandibles bifid at apices . . . cae eS 


3. Second antennal segment short, one- ehicale or reas eneth of third segment; 
head and elytra piceus, pronotum reddish orange. 

Eumecomera obscura (LeConte) 
Second antennal segment long, one-half or more length of thirdsegment . . 4 
4. Second antennal segment nearly as long as third; body slender; eyes nearly 
entire; pronotum with nearly parallel sides; uniformly dark, metallic in color. 
Vasaces elongatius Arnett 
Second antennal segment approximately one-half length of third; eyes 
reniform; pronotum much broader anteriorly than at base; color fuscus. 
Oxycopis howdeni Arnett 

5. Vestiture very coarse and dense, obscuring punctation. 
Oxacis pallida LeConte 


Vestiture coarse to fine, but not obscuring punctation ......... 6 
6.. Head, thorax, and elytra fuscus or reddish brown. ..........4 
Thorax orange red with or without darker markings. . . . oe 9 


7. Each elytron marked with two orange striae (to distinguish from 10) herpadeee 
not yet reported from Big Bend Region, pronotum without anterior lateral 
mirror spots) “33... = «+... 2+. © + + Oxacis barbara Armott 

Elytra without orange striae .. . be ASE SS 

8. Head and pronotum piceus brown wat (aimee Parco: lyin with sutural 
area pale; elongate narrow species; pubescence fine. 

Oxacis angustata Champion 
Color uniformly reddish brown; elytra rarely stained with piceus. 
Oxacis subfusca Horn 


3 For full descriptions and illustrations of these species and others that might 
occur in the area, see bibliography. This key includes only the known species in 
the Big Bend Region and is so designed that, should additional species be found 
in the region, they will not be mistaken for the included species. 


OEDEMERIDAE FROM TEXAS—ARNETT 49 


9. General color reddish orange, elytra stained at base with piceus to entirely 
piceus; mandibles usually large; pronotum distinctly marked with central 
piceus stripe, and a piceus patch on each side. 

Oxacis trimaculata Champion 

Elytra purple piceus, often with very narrow pale sutural and marginal stripe, 
rarely with vague submarginal pale stripe; pronotum orange, usually with 
DICCUS MALKIN PS! ch Palis amaMea hel! ah al Gel ce et dalle Oxacis cana (LeConte) 

The following list of Big Bend National Park species is complete 
as of this writing. Although other collections have been made in 
the Park previously and since, including collections made by the 
author, only one additional species has been taken which was not 
collected by Howden and Becker. Only this additional record is 
included. No doubt additional collecting at other times during the 
season will reveal still more species. 

No extensive ecological characterization of the area has been made. 
Webb (1950) and others (e.g., Peterson, 1960) refer to the area as the 
Trans-Pecos community which corresponds to Dice’s (1943) 
Chihuahuan Biotic province. Plant succession in the area has been 
described to some extent by Muller (1940). Some of the more 
striking plants are described in McDougall and Sperry (1951). The 
geology of the region is reported by Udden (1907). Howden (1960) 
has published a map of the area, which is reproduced here, and a list 
of the Scarabaeidae. All of the Big Bend National Park localities 
mentioned in the following discussion are located on this map (fig. 1). 


Sparedrus depressus (Champion) 


This species was taken at Chisos Basin May 1-8 by beating gray 
oak and at light. At Tornillo Flat specimens were taken on May 12 
by beating Acacia species. This is the first record of the species in 
the United States. 

The species was described from a single male specimen taken at 
Mexico City. It has not been again reported until this collection of 
13 specimens. As in other species of this genus, the fifth visible 
sternum of the male is deeply emarginate in contrast to the slightly 
emarginate condition in the female. 


Vasaces elongatus Arnett 


The type locality of V. elongatus is Chisos Basin (pl. 1, top). Until 
this collection of six specimens, the species was known only from the 
female holotype. The specimens reported here were collected at 
light between May 23 and 29. The description of the male follows: 

Male: Chisos Basin, Big Bend National Park, Tex., May 29, 1959 
(collected by Howden and Becker). The male agrees with the 
female holotype except as follows: front of head coarsely punctate, 
depressed somewhat behind antennae. Pronotum longer than broad 


50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


(4:3), but shorter than that of the female; widest anterior to middle, 
lateral arcuation more pronounced than in the female. Length 9 mm. 

Male genitalia: Fifth visible abdominal sternum emarginate 
apically. The genitalia agree with the generic description (Arnett, 


PERSIMMON GAP; Ly N 


LEGEND 


1ST CLASS ROAD 
2ND CLASS ROAD 
—-— BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK BOUNDARY 


on 
b DOG CANYON 
a 


Ly 
n 


| 
~~ _ 5000’ CONTOUR OF THE CHISOS MTS, 1 


DAGGER FLAT 
o—, 


e 
TORNILLO 
FLAT 


BOQUILLAS 
RANGER 
STATION 
BOQUILLAS 
CANYON 


e * ; Li SO 
SANTA ELENA ss BOQUILLAS, 
MEXICO 


R!O GRANDE 
CAMP GROUND 





Ficure 1.—Big Bend National Park, Brewster Co., Tex., collecting localities (the 5000 ft. 
contour of the Chisos Mts. is included for reference; by permission of The Canadian 
Entomologist). 


1953, p. 89) except that the penis (fig. 2a) is slightly expanded at the 
apex; paramere (fig. 2b) with apical V-shaped emargination narrower 
and deeper than in V. linearis. Ninth tergum not as prominent as in 


V. linearis. 
Eumecomera obscura (LeConte) 


This species was not collected by Drs. Howden and Becker, but 
was taken later in the season (July 17, 1946) by D. J. and J. N. Knull 
in the Chisos Mountains. 


Oxycopis howdeni, new species 


The fuscus color of this beetle makes it distinctive from other 
members of the genus except for O. mariae (Arnett) to which it is 


OEDEMERIDAE FROM TEXAS—ARNETT 51 


closely similar, and O. maculicollis (Champion) which it closely 
resembles. It is separated from O. mariae by the distance between 
the eyes in dorsal view; the eyes are more widely set apart in 0. 
howdeni and more placed in O. mariae. The antennal segments of 
O. howdeni are longer and narrower than those of 0. mariae. The 
general color of O. howdeni is fuscus, while that of most specimens of 
O. mariae is a dark chestnut, almost piceus; but some specimens may 
be fuscus. OQ. maculicollis is confined to tropical Central America and 
has different genitalic characters. 






ei 


enrti (tH llClevry 





Figure 2.—Vasaces elongatus Arnett, male: a, ventral view of penis; b, paramere. Oxycopis 
howdeni, new species, male: c, lateral view of penis; d, ventral view of paramere. 


Holotype: Male, Tornillo Flat, Big Bend National Park, Tex., 
3200 ft., May 12, 1959 (collected by Edward Becker and Henry F 
Howden). Deposited in the U.S. National Museum (type no. 67447). 

Description: Head fuscus with mandibles, labrum, and posterior 
portion of vertex pale; pubescence fine, recumbent, sparse, yellow; 
punctation coarse, distance between punctures less than the diameter 
of the puncture, interspaces microreticulate. Antennae with apical 
segments approximately four times as long as broad, second segment 
one-half the length of the third. Eyes large, emarginate near inser- 
tion of antennae, well separated anteriorly, interocular distance to 
head length (measured from line across head behind eyes to apex of 
labrum) ratio 1.9473. Mandibles moderate in length, apices bifid. 
Maxillary palpi with apical segment cultriform. 

Thorax pale fuscus; pronotum with somewhat darker lateral areas 
which occupy the space from the anterior margin nearly to the base; 


o2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


pronotal surface with a shallow anterolateral depression on each side 
and a vague central-posterior depression; pubescence fine, sparse, 
recumbent, retrose posteriorly, yellow. Pronotal shape obovate with 
sides convergent posteriorly, somewhat constricted posterior to the 
center; punctation moderate, space between punctures slightly less 
than the diameter of the puncture; interspaces microreticulate. 
Seutellum pale, concolorous with pronotum. Legs fuscus, femora pale 
except for ‘‘knee” area; claws simple. 

Elytra fuscus; pubescence fine, recumbent, moderate in density, 
yellow; elytral costae evident, sutural and lateral area concolorous 
with elytral disk; surface rugose-punctate, interspaces microreticulate ; 
elytra somewhat flattened, apices rounded, sutural angles obtuse. 

Abdomen with sterna fuscus. 

Male genitalia agree with those of the genus; penis broadly expanded 
apically with a subapical dorsal enlargment in the area of the ejacu- 
latory duct (fig.2c); internal sac with evident spicules. Paramere 
(fig. 2d) with apical bifurcation greater than % the length. (The 
figures are not of the holotype, but from a specimen from Del Rio, 
Texas). 

Body shape moderately elongate; length 9.2 mm.; head length/- 
width ratio .8837; pronotum length/width ratio 1.0681; elytral 
length/width ratio 3.0476. 

Allotype: Female, same data as holotype. There is no significant 
sexual dimorphism. Body measurements: length 10.8 mm.; head 
length/width ratio .8958; head length/interocular distance ratio 
1.9090; pronotum length/width ratio 1.1041; elytra length/width 
ratio 3.000. 

Paratypes: Texas: Del Rio, Apr. 25-26, 1959, 2; Big Bend National 
Park, Boquillas, May 17, 1959, 2; same data as holotype, 5; same 
data as holotype except May 20, 1959, 1; Oak Spring, 4000 ft. May 8, 
1959, 2; May 22, 1959, 3; Santa Elena, 3200 ft., May 4, 1959, 2; 
Maverick, 2700 ft., May 4, 1959, 2; Chisos Basin (pl. 4 top), May 19, 
1959, 1; May 22, 1959, 1; May 27, 1959, 1 (all collected by Edward 
Becker and Henry F. Howden.) 

Additional specimens examined: In addition to the type series, the 
following specimens are not made a part of the type series because of 
the scarcity of specimens and the lack of data to show that they are a 
part of the type population: Mexico: Tlahualilo, Durango, July 28, 
1935, 1 (Texas A. and M. Univ. collection). Texas: Brownsville, 2; 
Chisos Mts., May 10, 1949, 1 (U.S. Nat. Mus. collection); Starr Co., 
Mar. 20, 1952, 1; Chisos Mts., May 27, 1959, 1 (Ohio State Univ. 
collection). 

Variation: The color pattern of these beetles is rather distinctive. 
They resemble somewhat certain populations of Xanthochroina bicolor 





PROG. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 ARNETT—PLATE 1 





(Top) Chicos Mts., Casa Grande Peak, type locality of Vasaces elongatus Arnett; (bottom) 
Euphorbia antisyphilita, candelilla, on which occurs Oxacis pallida (LeConte). 


782—214—65 2 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 ARNETT—PLATE 2 





: 
{ 
H 
: 
; 
f 





Oxacts subfusca Horn, female. 





PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 ARNETT—PLATE 3 


<Z 


ane 





Oxacis trimaculata Champion, male. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 ARNETT—PLATE 4 





(Yop) Desert land near Maverick, type locality of Oxycopis howdent Arnett; (bottom) 
Santa lena Canyon, showing the Rio Grande River, with Mexico on the left and United | 
States on the right. The dense vegetation along the river’s edge provides the breeding | 
area for Oxacts trimaculata Champion, a species usually found in more humid areas. 





OEDEMERIDAE FROM TEXAS—ARNETT 53 


(LeConte). The darker central spot on the head is confined in most 
specimens to the interocular area, only rarely extending over a larger 
area. The paler prothorax varies considerably from specimen to 
specimen. In a few the prothorax is as dark as the elytra. One 
of the ways to distinguish this species from Oxycopis mariae (Arnett) 


HOWDENI, n. sp. ~ 


($a 


MARIAE, Sabino Caxyon ——= +=}. 
MARIAE, Baja California. ———— | e——}-— 





1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 


Ficure 3.—Interocular distance ratio of Oxycopis howdeni, new species, and two populations 
of O. mariae Arnett (horizontal line=range of variation; vertical line=mean; black part 
of bar=two standard errors of standard deviation on either side of mean; one-half of 
each black bar plus white bar at either end =one standard deviation on either side of mean). 


is by the wider interocular distance. The variation of this distance 
was studied statistically and is found to be significant. The sta- 
tistical differences between O. howdeni and O. mariae, so far as this 
character is concerned, are compared in figure 3. 


Oxacis pallida (LeConte) 


Some of the 26 specimens of this species were taken on candelilla 
(Euphorbia antisyphilitica) (pl. 1, bottom) and others at light at the 
Boquillas area, May 17-23. This species is very common throughout 
the arid regions of the United States. It also occurs in Sonora and 
probably in Chihuahua. 


Oxacis subfusca Horn 


PLATE 2 


Only one specimen of this species was collected. It was taken at 
Boquillas, May 23. The species is usually abundant on prickly poppy 
blossoms in other areas during late July and August, so perhaps more 
may be found later in the season. 


Oxacis angustata Champion 


Although this species was described from four specimens taken at 
Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico, I have seen it from Chihuahua and Tamau- 
lipas. It agrees very well with the description and type of the species. 
Highty-five specimens were taken as follows: Hot Springs, 1900 ft., 
May 1-29; Boquillas, 1850 ft., May 13; Oak Spring, 3000 ft., May 24; 
Panther Junction, 4000 ft., May 28; and Tornillo Flat, 3200 ft., 
May 12. 


54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Oxacis barbara Arnett 


The eighteen specimens of this species collected at Tornillo Flat, 
3200 ft., May 5-12, do not agree very well with the type specimens of 
the species. They do agree with this species better than with any 
other. I prefer to report this collection of specimens under this name 
pending further study of the species instead of describing this series as 
a new species. These specimens differ from the type series by the 
paler markings and their smaller size. The type locality is Lucedale, 
Miss. 

Oxacis trimaculata Champion 


PLATE 3 


This widespread and extremely variable species was collected at 
light and on lechuguilla (Agave lechuguilla) at Boquillas, May 13-28, 
and at light May 14 at Santa Elena Canyon (pl. 4 bottom). 


Oxacis cana (LeConte) 


Twenty-five specimens of this species were collected as follows: 
Chisos Basin, May 3-24; Tornillo Flat, May 12; Panther Junction, 
May 24; Boquillas, May 23; and Santa Elena, May 14. 

Summary: A new species is described, Oxycopis howdeni, and 
eight other species are reported from Big Bend National Park. Two 
of the species, Sparedrus depressus and Oxacis angustata are recorded 
in the United States for the first time. These species may be identi- 
fied by the descriptions and keys in Champion (1889, 1890) and 
Arnett (1951, 1953, 1961, 1963). 


Literature Cited 
ARNnETT, R. H., Jr. 
1951. A revision of the Nearctic Oedemeridae (Coleoptera). American 
Midl. Nat., vol. 45, pp. 257-391. 
1953. Beetles of the oedemerid genus Vasaces Champion. Proc. U.S. Nat. 
Mus., vol. 103, no. 3317, pp. 87-94. 
1961. Contribution toward a monograph of the Oedemeridae, 14: A key 
to and notes on the New World genera. Coleopt. Bull. vol. 15, 
pp. 49-64. 
1963. The phenogram, a method of description for studies on Ozxacis (Cole- 
optera, Oedemeridae). Coleopt. Bull., vol. 17, pp. 6-18. 
CuHampion, G. C. 
1889, 1890. Heteromera (cont.). Part 2 of vol. 4 of Coleoptera in Godman 
and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-America, 1889, pp. 109-120; 1890, 
pp. 121-165, pls. 5 (figs. 19-25), 6-7, 21 (figs. 1, 5). 
Dicu, L. R. 
1943. The biotic provinces of North America, 78 pp. 
HowpeEn, Henry F. 
1960. A new species of Phyllophaga from the Big Bend Region of Texas 
and Coahuila, with notes on other Scarabaeidae of the area, 
Canadian Ent., vol. 42, pp. 457-464. 





OEDEMERIDAE FROM TEXAS—ARNETT 55 


McDovaeatt, W. B., and Sperry, OMER E. 
1951. Plants of Big Bend National Park, xii + 209 pp. 


Mututer, C. H. 
1940. Plant succession in the Larrea-Flourensis climax. Ecology, vol. 21, 
pp. 206-212. 


PETERSON, R. T. 
1960. A field guide to the birds of Texas, xxx + 304 pp. 
UppEn, J. A. 
1907. A sketch of the geology of the Chisos country, Brewster Co., Texas. 
Univ. Texas Bull. 93. 
Wess, WILLIAM L. 
1950. Biogeographic regions of Texas and Oklahoma. Ecology, vol. 31, 
pp. 426-433. 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:1968 











Proceedings of 


Sie United States 





National Museum 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION +» WASHINGTON, D.C. 





Volume 118 1966 Number 3524 





COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS PARASITIC 
ON ELASMOBRANCH FISHES 
OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS’ 


By Atan G. Lewis? 


Introduction 


This is the second of a series of three papers covering the copepod 
parasites of Hawaiian fishes. The first (Lewis, 1964) deals with the 
caligoid copepod parasites of Hawaiian acanthurid fishes (surgeon 
fishes). The third paper (in preparation) proposes to cover the cope- 
pod parasites of teleost fishes of the Hawaiian Islands. 

The two references to copepod parasites of Hawaiian elasmobranch 
fishes are of an incidental nature. Wilson (1924) indicated that 
Pandarus satyrus had been taken from specimens of Prionace glauca 
and (Wilson, 1932) that Pandarus smithii had been collected from 
sharks in Hawaiian waters. Because of the wide distribution of 
many of the host species it is not surprising that only one of the 
thirteen species here discussed is described as a new species. 


1This study was supported by a grant (NSF G—24956) from the National 
Science Foundation. 

2 Assistant Professor of Oceanography, Institute of Oceanography, University 
of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 


57 


58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Many people and institutions have been of significant assistance 
in the collection of the material and have assisted in other aspects of 
the study. The author is grateful to the Central University Research 
Fund of the University of New Hampshire for the assistance that it 
provided in the purchase of a Bausch and Lomb Tri-Simplex Micro- 
Projector, and to the Division of Marine Invertebrates of the Smith- 
sonian Institution for working space and use of the specimen col- 
lections and the Wilson Library. Although the people and 
institutions involved in the collection of the specimens are noted in 
the description of the species, the author is especially grateful to the 
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Hawaii Board of Agriculture 
(Division of Fish and Game), Lester Zukeran, Samuel Kaolulo and 
Susumo Kato for the collection of both host and copepod material. 


TaRLE 1—Armature of hypothetical thoracic leg shown in figure 1 




















Inter- Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg |Margin||podal) Protopodite 
Plate 
1 2 3 1 2 3 
outer m,d,h,rh,r | r, D, d, p’| dm, H | pH, fmH,mh,mH]| C c Cpe Ae) 
8 
inner a, m, b, Isss, s ce, dfH e, B Cl, dmH, dH, H | P |e¢,p, p’| P, dP, mP 





Meruops: The external surface, gill cavities, buccal cavity and 
nasal cavities of the elasmobranch hosts were examined for parasitic 
copepods. Copepods collected from these regions were killed in either 
10 percent formalin or ethyl alcohol and later transferred to 95 percent 
ethyl alcohol. Specimens to be drawn or dissected were placed in 
85 percent lactic acid to clear and soften them, stained with Chlorazol 
Black E dissolved in 85 percent lactic acid, and placed in benzyl 
alcohol for final clearing and for dissection and drawing. 

Drawings of the entire animal were made from specimens placed 
in benzyl alcohol and covered with a cover slip. Both a camera 
lucida and a Bausch and Lomb Tri-Simplex Micro-Projector were 
used in making these drawings. The appendages and processes were 
drawn, either in situ on the specimen or removed and mounted using 
Hoyer’s mounting medium or Turtox’ CMC-10. Measurements of 
the copepods and their component parts were made with an ocular 
micrometer. 

In the following figures the 9 and signs are used separately under 
each drawing to indicate a difference between the appendage of the 
female and that of the male. The female and male symbols are used 
together (2 o) to indicate similarity of the appendage or process in 
both sexes. The sex from which the drawing is made is indicated by 
a line under the appropriate symbol. If only one sex is represented 








PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 59 


in the collection and no comparative descriptions or illustrations are 
given, the male and female symbols are not used. 

The terminology used is basically the same as that in Lewis (1964). 
The terms postantennular adhesion pad, postantennal process, postoral 
process and postoral adhesion pad imply the position and nature of 


the structure, not the association of it with any appendage. 





ere a Ta Ite, 
eH nlf Li, 


The 


dP 

/ 

Pre fF mP, 
vam! 


P \ a ft oe 





Ficure 1.—Hypothetical thoracic leg showing various armament components: 


a: adhesion pad 

B: large bilobed armature element 

b: small bilobed membranous process 

C: large plumosities 

c: small pulmosities 

Cl: spikelike extension of segment 

D: large denticulations 

d: small denticulations 

dfH: large spine with frilled membranous 
margin and denticulations around base 

dH: large spine with denticulated mem- 
brane along margins 

dP: large, denticulated seta 

fmH: large spine with frilled membrane 
along margin 

H: large spine 

h: small spine 


m: membrane 

mH: large spine with membranous margin 

mh: small spine with membranous margin 

mP: large membrane-margined seta 

P: large plumose seta 

p: small plumose seta 

P’: large naked seta 

p’: small naked seta 

pH: large plumose spine 

Q: seta with membrane along one margin, 
plumosities along other 

r: rugose surface 

rh: spinule 

S: spikelike projection of interpodal plate 

s: small hairlike projection 

Isss: 3 hairlike projections 
location 


from same 


60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


author feels that the terms postantennal process and postoral process, 
as applied to the structures termed first and second maxilla by Wilson 
(1907a), are noncommittal terms and should be used until the nature 
of the two structures in question is better understood. To facilitate 
the use of the thoracic-leg tables, a hypothetical thoracic leg is shown 
in figure 1, giving all of the component parts of the armament of the 
thoracic legs discussed in tabular form in the paper. Further, a 
table of the hypothetical thoracic leg is given in table 1. 

The names of previously reported hosts and the hosts from which 
the Hawaiian specimens were collected are those given by Bigelow, 
Schroeder and Farfante (1948) or by Gosline and Brock (1960). 


Order Caligoida 
Family Eudactylinidae 


Kroyeria praelongacicula, new species 
FIGURES 2a-j, 3a-e 

MAatTERIAL.—Seven adult females taken by the author from the 
gill cavity of a Sphyrna lewini, captured by Lester Zukeran in Kaneohe 
Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Of these 7 specimens, one (USNM 110799) has 
been designated as the holotype and the rest (USNM 110800) as 
paratypes. 

MrasurEMENTS.—Five adult female specimens (including holotype): 


all five specimens 


holotype ———_———_________ 

(mm.) mean (mm.) range (mm.) 

Greatest length, excluding setae 6.79 7.10 6.58-8.12 
Greatest length of cephalothorax 0.88 0.87 0.84-0.88 
Greatest width of cephalothorax 0.92 0.95 0.90-1.04 
Greatest length of free pedigerous segments 1.06 1.02 0.98-1.06 
Greatest length of genital segment 3.80 4.00 3.10—5.00 
Greatest width of genital segment 0.55 0.58 0.50-0.65 
Greatest length of abdomen 1.28 1.24 1.16-1.28 
Greatest width of abdomen 0.28 0.26 0.22-0.28 
Greatest length of aciculum 1.30 1225 1.20-1.30 
Length of egg string (1 specimen) 2.75 (27 eggs) 


DIAGNOSTIC DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Cephalothorax (fig. 2a) 
ovoid, consisting of cephalic, maxilliped-bearing and first pedigerous 
segments. Anterior cephalothoracic margin flatly rounded, curving 
sharply laterally, sharp lateral curve continued posteriorly as dis- 
tinct line separating raised median cephalothoracic region from 
narrow, winglike lateral regions. Lateral regions terminating pos- 
teriorly in small, lobate extension marking posterior outer corner of 
small, irregular sinus. Apex of sinus giving rise, ventrally, to single, 





PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 61 





pee p+ +--+ +4 
0.05mm. 0.03mm. 005mm. 0.3mm. 


Ficure 2.—Kryeria praelongacicula, new species, female: a, dorsal view; b, cephalothorax 
and free pedigerous segments, ventral view; c, tip of aciculum; d, left antennule, ventral 
view; ¢, right antenna, anterior view; f, left antenna, anterior view; g, left mandible; h, 
right postoral process, ventral view; i, right maxilla, posterior view; j, right maxilliped, 


ventral view. 


62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


long spikelike aciculum. Aciculum slightly swollen proximally, ex- 
tending posteriorly to anterior region of genital segment, terminat- 
ing in irregularly bifurcate tip (fig. 2c); inner ramus rounded, outer 
pointed. Median cephalothoracic region extending posteriorly 
slightly past lobate extensions of lateral regions. Dorsal median 
cephalothoracic region with Y-shaped area of heavy sclerotization, 
arms of Y-angled outward sharply, turning anteriorly and extending 
to sharply curved lateral anterior cephalothoracic margin then turn- 
ing medially sharply and extending to median longitudinal axis of 
body although ramifying to some extent. Ocular elements not 
visible. 

Second, third, and fourth pedigerous segment (fig. 2b) free. Second 
segment more than twice as wide as long, narrower anteriorly than 
posteriorly, with flatly convex anterior and lateral margins and flat 
posterior margin. Dorsal region of segment with slender, irregular 
area of heavy sclerotization extending across anterior end and poste- 
riorly along median longitudinal axis of segment. Third pedigerous 
segment slightly more than twice as wide as long, anterior region 
broader than posterior, lateral margins straight or flatly convex. 
Area of heavy sclerotization present and similar to that of second 
pedigerous segment. Fourth pedigerous segment slightly wider than 
long, somewhat less than twice the length of third segment. Poste- 
rior region slightly broader than anterior, lateral margins straight 
anteriorly, irregular or flatly convex posteriorly. Area of heavy 
sclerotization present, similar to that of preceding segment although 
lateral portions curving posteriorly sharply. 

Genital segment (fig. 2a) elongate, more than twice the combined 
lengths of cephalothorax and free pedigerous segments. Anterior 
end slightly wider than posterior, convexly curved, lateral margins 
slightly irregular, posterior margin wavy, almost scalloped. Segment 
with parallel longitudinal striations due to presence of muscle bands 
extending length of segment. 

Abdomen (fig. 2a) 1-segmented, elongate, approximately three- 
fourths the combined lengths of cephalothorax and free pedigerous 
segments. Anterior end slightly less than twice the width of posterior, 
margin almost flat, lateral margins smoothly irregular. Slight but 
distinct indentation in posterior third of segment. Posterior margin 
either rounded or flat, lateral to anal indentation. Caudal rami 
(fig. 3e) elongate, length slightly less than 6 times the width. An- 
terior end concave medially, rounded laterally, lateral margins 
smoothly irregular although parallel for most of length. Posterior 
margin rounded, surface bearing 4 large, hook-shaped setae, inner 
two lightly plumose, larger than outer two. Two additional, hair- 








PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 63 


like setules present, one on outer posteroventral surface, one on outer 


posterodorsal surface. 
Antennule (fig. 3d) 7-segmented, projecting laterally and posteriorly 


from ventral anterolateral cephalothoracic surface. First segment 


bet 
Oimm. ? 


ep ———1 bet 
C O1mm. O1mm. 


Ficure 3.—Kroyeria praelongacicula, new species, female. Right thoracic legs: a, first leg, 
posterior view; b, second leg, anterior view; ¢, third leg, anterior view; d, fourth leg, 
anterior view. Left caudal ramus: e, ventral view. 


64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


well developed, length slightly less than three-fifths combined lengths 
of rest of segments, with irregular areas of heavy sclerotization, 
grooves and other superficial markings in addition to 6 naked setules 
on proximal half of anterior ventral surface, 1 naked setule on poste- 
roventral surface in proximal region and naked setule (not shown 
in figure) on median dorsal surface. Second segment short, length 
slightly less than one-fifth that of first segment, with 1 naked setule 
from distal portion of anterior lateral surface, 3 from ventral surface 
and 1 from distal portion of dorsal surface. Third segment approx- 
imately two-thirds the length of second, bearing single naked setule 
from distal portion of anterolateral surface, 4 from ventral surface 
and 1 (not shown in figure) from distal portion of dorsal surface. 
Fourth segment approximately equal in length to combined lengths 
of second and third segments, bearing single naked setule from dis- 
tal portion of anterolateral surface and 3 naked setules from ventral 
surface. Fifth segment slightly more than two-thirds the length of 
fourth, bearing single naked setule from distal portion of anterolateral 
surface. Sixth segment slightly more than half the length of fifth, with 
single naked setule from ventral surface. Seventh or terminal seg- 
ment slightly less than twice the length of sixth, distal end rounded, 
bearing approximately 13 naked setules and 1 slender, bluntly tipped 
process. 

Antenna (figs. 2e, f) 3-segmented (although second segment ap- 
pears separable into 2 parts), attached posterior and medial to anten- 
nule base. First segment poorly developed, attached along broad 
proximal surface to ventral cephalothoracic surface, with distinct 
indentation distally that receives proximal portion of second segment 
when segment flexed. Second segment 2-parted (note nature of 
musculature in figs. 2e, f), proximal portion slightly shorter than 
distal, poorly sclerotized in general although with well sclerotized 
rib-shaped region providing place of attachment for muscles adducting 
third segment. Distal portion of segment heavily sclerotized, with 
clawlike projection of inner distal surface; proximal region with 
heavily sclerotized surface for attachment of broad muscle adducting 
third segment. Projection from inner distal surface of segment large, 
terminating in sharp point with winglike lateral extensions forming 
cup-shaped process for reception of distal end of claw-shaped third 
segment. Third segment and projection of second forming chela, 
segment with 2 minute accessory processes, appearing as spikelike 
projections from proximal inner surface, adjacent to knoblike swelling. 

Mandible (fig. 29) indistinctly 4-parted, first part approximately 
one-fourth the length of appendage. Second part approximately 
three-fourths the length of first, third part equal to length of first 
but more slender, with slight taper from proximal to distal regions. 





PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 65 


Fourth part approximately one and one-fourth times the length of 
first, distal end sharply rounded, forming inwardly-directed, hook- 
shaped process. Fourth part with 4-5 large and several small, 
toothlike projections on inner margin. Postoral process (fig. 2h) 
consisting of 2 nodules arising from platelike area of heavy sclero- 
tization immediately lateral to mouth cone base; each nodule bearing 
single, setule-like process distally. Maxilla (fig. 27) 2-segmented, 
situated lateral and posterior to mouth cone. First segment slightly 
less than half the length of second; anterior and posterolateral sur- 
faces projecting distally as rounded, lobate processes that articulate 
in depressions of proximal end of second segment. Second segment 
more elongate than first, with fan-shaped swelling on inner distolateral 
surface. Plumosities present on fan as well as ridge leading to it 
from median inner surface. Outer distolateral corner with small 
concavity bearing plumosities, plumosities extending around to antero- 
lateral distal surface. Distal end of segment forming articulation 
surface for large, saber-shaped terminal process bearing frilled mem- 
brane along outer surface and flabby, membranous covering around 
distal end. 

Maxilliped (fig. 27) 2-segmented, situated medial and slightly pos- 
terior to maxilla base. First segment strongly developed, widest 
medially, tapering sharply proximally to rounded proximal end, grad- 
ually to irregular distal end. Irregular distal surface with V-shaped 
inner margin, irregularly knobbed anterior and posterior lateral mar- 
gins and slightly knobbed outer margin. Knobs on both antero- and 
posterolateral margins articulating in depressions on proximal surface 
of segment. Second segment incompletely fused with elongate ter- 
minal process. Segment and process slightly longer than first segment 
although segment very short and heavily sclerotized; terminal process 
long, heavily sclerotized and acuminate, curving sharply inward and 
posteriorly. 

Thoracic legs I-IV biramous, each consisting of 1-segmented proto- 
podite, 3-segmented exopodite and 3-segmented endopodite. Inter- 
podal plate of each leg pair with pair of spikelike projections. For 
nature of legs and armament, see table 2 and figures 3a-d. 

Discussion.—Ar¢yeria praelongacicula resembles K. sublineata Ya- 
maguti and Yamasu (1959) in the nature of the setation of the thoracic 
leg endopodites although differing from it primarily in the armament 
of the rest of the legs as well as in the size of the organism, the nature 
of the maxilla and aciculum. The bifid aciculum tip of K. prae- 
longacicula is found in K. spatulata Pearse (1948), although the thoracic 
leg armature and segment size is different as well as the aciculum 
length (K. spatulata with a shorter aciculum) and the body length 
relationships (K. spatulata with a much longer genital segment than 


66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


K. praelongacicula). The diagnostic characteristics of the new species 
are the setal formula for the exopodite of each of the four pairs of 
thoracic legs (the total number being 5, 7, 7, 7 for thoracic legs 1-4 
respectively), the presence of distinct denticulations on the endopodite 
of each of the four legs, the length of the aciculum and its peculiarly 
bifid tip. 


Taste 2.—Armature of thoracic legs I-IV of the female of Krgyeria praelonga- 
cicula, new species 


























Inter- Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg | Surface podall 4|\Protopo-)|— eee 
Plate dite 
iE 2 3 1 2 3 
I outer p 2m m m;mP, P m c,7D | ¢, 6D, 2P 
s 
inner mM, p,m | Mm, P P 3P iP 4P 
I outer p m, rh m m;‘p, MP, Q; Ps). ane Cy 7 D3|| te, 47D cE: 
Ss 
inner m Ce ed 3P P 5P 
Ill outer Pp m, rh m,h m;(p’, P2P m,c c,7D |] ¢,9D,P 
s 
inner m c, P Pr 3P P 3P 
IV outer rh m,h m, p’,mP,Q m,¢ | ¢,6D | ¢, 10D, 2 
8 
inner m ¢;P iP 4P e iP 2P 





Remarks.—The name of this species derives from the Latin ‘“‘prae- 
longus,’ meaning very long, and “‘acicula,’’ meaning small needle, 
both terms descriptive of the extra length of the two needle-like 
projections from the posterior surface of the cephalothorax. 


Family Anthosomatidae 


Anthosoma crassum (Abildgaard, 1794) 
Ficurss 4a—h, 5a-h, 6a-7 


Caligus crassus Abildgaard, 1794, p. 46, pl. 5, figs. 1-8—Lamarck, 1818, p. 210. 
Anthosoma smithii Leach, 1814, pl. 181; 1816, p. 406, pl. 20, figs. 1-6.—Latreille, 
1817, p. 198.—Leach, 1819, p. 533.—Latreille, 1829, p. 198.—Burmeister, 
1835, p. 328.—Kr¢yer, 1838, p. 295, pl. 2, fig. 2—Milne-Edwards, 1840, p. 
483, pl. 39, fig. 5—Guérin-M éneville, 1843, pl. 35, fig. 9 White, 1857, pp. 124, 
323.—Van Beneden, 1870, p. 9.—Richiardi, 1880, p. 5.—Valle, 1880, p. 62. 
Caligus imbricatus Risso, 1816, p. 162, pl. 3, fig. 18.—Lamarck, 1818, p. 211. 

Caligus smithii—Lamarck, 1818, p. 210. 

Anthosoma crassum.—Latreille, 1825, pl. 335, figs. 11-16.— Gould, 1841, p. 340.— 
Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861, p. 397, pl. 12, fig. 24—Stossich, 1880, p. 259.— 
Rathbun, R., 1884, p. 490.—Carus, 1885, p. 364.—Thomson, 1889, p. 365, 
pl. 27, fig. 3—Brian, 1898, p. 5.—Bassett-Smith, 1899, p. 468.—Scott, T., 
1905, p. 112, pl. 5, figs. 15-16.— Rathbun, M. J., 1905, p. 97.— Wilson, 1905b, 
p. 555.—Brian, 1906, p. 62, pl. 3, fig. 1—Fowler, 1912, p. 477.—Scott and 
Scott, 1913, p. 108, pl. 23, figs. 5-6.— Wilson, 1922, p. 23, pl. 1, figs. 1-8; 1932, 








PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 67 


p. 446, fig. 281.—Leigh-Sharpe, 1933, p. 109.—Yamaguti, 1936, p. 12.— 

Brian, 1944, p. 208, pl. 5, figs. 43-44.—Fontes, 1949 [paper not seen].— 

Birkett and Burd, 1952, p. 391, fig. 1 [paper not seen].—Pearse, 1952, p. 28.— 

Nunes-Ruivo, 1954, p. 19 [paper not seen].—Barnard, 1955, p. 271, fig. 18.— 

Shiino, 1955c, p. 51, figs. 1-2; 1957, p. 370.—Heegaard, 1962, p. 181. 
Otrophesia imbricata.— Risso, 1826, p. 136. 





Reportep Hosts.—IJsurus glaucus, I. oryrinchus, Carcharias Lit- 
toralis, Lamna cornubica, L. nasus, Mola mola. 

DistrinutTion.—Cosmopolitan. 

MarTeEriAL.—Three ovigerous females and one adult male (USNM 
11081) collected by the Hawaii Fish and Game Department from the 
buccal cavity of a specimen of Carcharodon carcharias captured by 
long line in Pokai Bay, Hawaii. Four other ovigerous female speci- 
mens (USNM 11082) taken by E. C. Jones and Kenneth Sherman 
from the buccal cavity of a ‘Mackerel Shark” (probably Jsurus 
oxyrhynchus) captured at 45°11’N. and 174°54’W., were used as 
comparative material in the description. 

M®EASUREMENTS.—Seven female specimens and one male specimen: 


female male 
mean (mm.) range (mm.) (mm.) 
Greatest length 11.86 10.85-12.74 10.92 
Greatest length of cephalothorax 7.46 6.44— 7.98 6.72 
Greatest width of cephalothorax 4.90 4.20— 6.16 3.64 
Greatest length of genital segment (5 female 
specimens) 4.41 3.85— 5.11 2.31 
Greatest width of genital segment (5 female 
specimens) 3.85 3.71— 3.99 1.89 
Greatest length of abdomen 0.88 0.70— 0.98 0.70 
Approximate length of egg strings (5 female 
specimens) 20. 17. —380. 


DIAGNOSTIC DESCRIPTION.—Cephalothorax of female (figs. 4a, 6) 
irregularly ovoid from dorsal viewpoint, irregularity due to con- 
striction of narrow anterior region at approximate division between 
cephalon and thorax. Dorsal thoracic surface covered by carapace- 
like structure; structure continuous over cephalon except for indistinct 
groove at constriction and slight depression with indistinct, incomplete 
groove at anterior end of cephalon. Cephalothorax consisting of 
cephalic, maxilliped-bearing and first pedigerous segments. Pair 
of small, scoop-shaped lappets (fig. 56) present, projecting ventrally 
and laterally from ventral and ventrolateral cephalothoracic surface 
at constriction in anterior cephalothoracic region. Structures not 
associated with either antennules or antennae but may be comparable 
to postantennular adhesion pads of pandarids and postantennal 
process of trebiids, euryphorids and caligids. Carapace-like covering 
of cephalothorax heavily sclerotized, providing hood completely 


68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 








a ie 
1.0mm.d b 


Figure 4.—Anthosoma crassum (Abildgaard, 1794): a, female, dorsal view; b, female, lat- 
eral view; c, male, dorsal view; d, male, lateral view; ¢, female, posterior end of cephalo- 
thorax, free pedigerous segments, elytra, genital segment, abdomen, caudal ramus;* and 
egg strings, ventrolateral view; f, male, posterior end of cephalothorax, free pedigerous 
segments, elytra, genital segment, abdomen, and caudal] ramus,* ventral view; h, male, 
genital segment, abdomen, and caudal ramus,* ventral view. (*Apparent differences in 
length and shape of the caudal ramus are due to the angle at which the figure was drawn; 
see figure 5a.) 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 69 


covering dorsal and lateral surfaces and projecting ventrally below 
ventral surface of body as well as posteriorly, over free pedigerous 
segments. 

Although first pedigerous segment considered fused with ceph- 
alothorax, indistinct indication of anterior margin present as inverted, 
V-shaped region of heavy sclerotization between and slightly posterior 
to maxilliped bases. Second and third pedigerous segments narrow, 
appearing ringlike from ventral viewpoint. Single pair of plates or 
elytra present on second pedigerous segment, arising from ventro- 
lateral, lateral, and dorsal surface, projecting posteriorly well past 
posterior end of carapace-like cephalothoracic covering. Surface of 
elytra similar to that of thoracic legs, covered with minute, knoblike 
regions of heavy sclerotization and margined by minute denticulations. 
Status of fifth thoracic segment (= fourth pedigerous segment if 
legs were present) uncertain; Shiino (1955c) indicates it is fused with 
the genital segment but specimens examined for this description 
indicate that although it is coalesced posteriorly and separable from 
the genital segment only by an indistinct, incomplete line of division, 
it does project slightly and is similar to the preceding 2 segments. 
This segment fits into an indentation in the anterior end of the 
genital segment and is partially or completely covered by the swollen 
genital segment (fig. 4e). 

Genital segment (fig. 4g) swollen, lateral margins smoothly bi- 
concave, posterior margin flatly rounded dorsally, irregular ventrally, 
segment overlapping abdomen laterally and dorsally. Abdomen 
1-segmented, irregular, norrower anteriorly than posteriorly although 
posterior end slightly swollen, with heavily sclerotized band around 
posterior margin. Proximal ends of caudal rami forming segment-like 
structure, inner surfaces V-shaped and forming tubelike extensions of 
proctodaeum. Distal half of each ramus narrower than proximal, 
from dorsal viewpoints, inner lateral surface convex. Outer medio- 
lateral surface, dorsal surface, and ventral surface with row of 
spikelike processes that barely break through cuticle, distal end of 
ramus with concentration of processes, giving thorny appearance 
(fig. 5a). 

Cephalothorax of male (figs. 4c, d) similar to that of female. Free 
pedigerous segments larger; second pedigerous segment and part of 
third covered dorsally by carapace-like cephalothoracic covering. 
Second and third pedigerous segments short, disk-shaped from ventral 
viewpoint, each with platelike cuticle dorsally, extending posteriorly 
over part of succeeding segment. Second pedigerous segment without 
elytra present in female. Fifth thoracic segment incompletely fused 
with genital segment, division apparent as irregular, incomplete groove 
and line of heavier sclerotization; segment covered dorsally by plate- 


70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


like formation of dorsal cuticle. Genital segment (figs. 4 f, h) approxi- 
mately equal to combined lengths of three free thoracic segments, 
lateral margins flatly concave, dorsal posterior surface flatly concave, 
ventral posterior surface with V-shaped incision, apex of V at anterior 
end of abdomen, lateral surfaces of V covering most of ventral ab- 
dominal surface. Abdomen 1-segmented, broader anteriorly than 
posteriorly. Caudal rami slightly longer than in female, without 
expanded proximal region. 

Antennule (fig. 5c) of female and male 6-segmented, attached 
to ventral cephalothoracic surface just inside anterolateral corner of 
hood-shaped cuticular covering of cephalon and just anterior to 
scoop-shaped ventrolateral projections. First segment approximately 
one-third the total appendage length, slightly swollen proximally and dis- 
tally, with single, setule-like process on distal inner surface. Second 
segment approximately one-sixth the appendage length, narrow prox- 
imally, flaring somewhat irregularly distally to broad distal end, with 
minute, spikelike process on inner medial surface and small setule just 
distal to it. Third segment approximately one-eighth the appendage 
length, varying little in width. Fourth segment approximately one- 
sixth the appendage length, narrow proximally, flared slightly towards 
slightly swollen distal end. Fifth segment approximately one-eighth 
the appendage length, slightly wider distally than proximally, with 
minute spike on distal inner surface. Sixth segment short, length 
approximately one-twelfth that of appendage, slightly wider distally 
than proximally distal surface rounded, bearing approximately 6 
minute, stiff, setule-like projections from inner surface, 4 from medial 
surface and single, small, spikeline projection from outer surface. 

Female antenna (fig. 5d) 4-segmented, not 5 as Shino (1955c) 
indicates. Proximal half of appendage capable of being withdrawn 
into deep socket in ventral surface of cephalothorax just medial and 
slightly posterior to antennule base (fig. 5b) but proximal end of append- 
age with flexible arthrodial membrane that may appear segment- 
like (see fig. 5d for depiction of musculature). First segment approxi- 
mately one-third the appendage length, relatively narrow although 
slightly swollen proximally and distally, distal margin irregular. Sec- 
ond segment slightly more than one-fourth the appendage length, 
angled proximally and distally, overlapping outer surface of first and 
third segments. Exact nature of second segment questionable due to 
rather indistinct break between adjacent segments although muscu- 
lature apparently associated with segment and adjacent segments sug- 
gests the term segment is applicable. Third segment slightly more 
than one-third the appendage length, larger proximally than distally, 
inner surface with large, roughened, spike-shaped projection medially. 
Irregular distal margin angled proximally from outer to inner lateral 


Guia a 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 71 





Ficure 5.—Anthosoma crassum (Abildgaard, 1794), female and male: a, right caudal ramus, 
ventral view; 5, oral and preoral region, ventral view, showing antennule (A-1), antenna 
(A-2), postantennular process (pap), mouth cone (mc), and postoral process; ¢, right 
antennule, ventral view; d, right antenna, lateral view (irregular lines depict muscles); 
e, mouth cone and right mandible, lateral view; f, right postoral process, lateral view; 
g, right maxilla, posterior view; A, right maxilliped, anterior view. 


a2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


margins, heavily sclerotized medially to receive knob-shaped proximal 
end of fourth segment. Fourth segment and claw-shaped terminal 
process approximately one-seventh the appendage length, division 
between segment and terminal process distinct. Single, setule-like 
accessory process present on inner surface of segment, just proximal 
to terminal process. 

Antennae of single male specimen in collection both broken when 
specimen removed from host. Shiino’s figure (1955c) indicates that 
the major difference between the male and female antenna is in the 
composition of the third and fourth segments and his description 
states (ibid., p. 56): ‘Terminal claw of 2nd antennae with a short 
falciform and a rounded protuberances close to the base, besides with 
a short seta; succeeding joint with 2 similar setae on inner margin 
in the region between apex and acuminate process against which 
tip of claw acts.” 

Mandible of female and male (fig. 5e) 3-parted, rodlike. First 
part approximately one-third the appendage length, division between 
first and second parts distinct, complete although second part solidly 
attached to first and musculature associated with appendage not 
indicative of segmentation. Second part slightly more than two- 
fifths the appendage length, third part slightly more than one-fourth 
the appendage length, proximal end angled, distal rounded although 
inner lateral portion terminating in toothlike process; distal two- 
thirds of inner lateral surface with 17 large denticulations in addition 
to single denticulation at junction of distal and inner lateral margins. 

Scoop-shaped postantennal process (fig. 56) with irregular distal 
margin due to minute, rodlike structures not appearing to extend 
above cuticle. Postoral process (fig. 5f) 2-parted, situated imme- 
diately adjacent to lateral surface of mouth cone, both parts arising 
from platelike region of heavy sclerotization extending medially and 
continuous with articulation surface of mandible. First part of post- 
oral process semitriangular in cross section, distal end sharply 
rounded, bearing 2 naked, setule-like structures. Second part asmall, 
knoblike projection just anterior to first part, bearing 3 small setule- 
like processes distally. 

Female and male maxilla (fig. 5g) 2-segmented, situated just lateral 
and posterior to postoral process and mouth cone. First segment 
slightly shorter than combined length of second segment and terminal 
process, although better developed. Distal margin of first segment 
irregular, with sinus on outer posterior surface that receives heavily 
sclerotized outer proximal end of second segment; outer distal surface 
with small clump of plumosities. Outer surface of second segment 
with membrane along distal half and spike-shaped protrusion from 
distal region in addition to denticulated expansion of distal end of 





PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS (3 





Ficure 6.—Anthosoma crassum (Abildgaard, 1794), right thoracic legs: a, female, first leg, 
posterior view; b, female, enlarged view of notch in first leg, posterior view; c, male, first 
leg, posterior view; d, male, enlarged view of notch in first leg, showing rami, posterior 
view; ¢, female, second leg, posterior view; f, female, enlarged view of notch in second leg, 
posterior view; g, male, second leg, posterior view; 4, male, enlarged view of notch in 
second leg, showing rami, posterior view; 7, female, third leg, posterior view; j, male, 
third leg, posterior view. 

782-215— 66 2 





14. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


segment, distal end also with tuft of plumosities on posteromedial 
surface. Lobate terminal process slightly less than one-fourth the 
length of second segment, inner surface puffy and irregular, with 
minute ridges; lateral and distal margins of process denticulated. 

Female and male maxilliped (fig. 5h) 2-segmented, situated pos- 
terior and slightly medial to maxilla base. First segment well de- 
veloped, with long, heavily sclerotized, lobate proximal projection 
serving as articulation and muscle attachment surface. Inner surface 
of segment with distinct, heavily sclerotized, steplike indentation 
medially that bears single, spike-shaped protrusion.en anterior sur- 
face. Distal half of inner surface irregular, with groove that re- 
ceives terminal process of second segment when segment flexed; with 
knob-shaped adhesion surface just anterior to groove. Second seg- 
ment and terminal process slightly more than half the length of 
first segment, excluding proximal projection, with slightly swollen, 
heavily sclerotized proximal end. Second segment distinctly sepa- 
rable from claw-shaped, heavily sclerotized terminal process in male, 
indistinctly separable in female. 

Three pairs of thoracic legs present (figs. 6a-7) in both female and 
male, all with greatly enlarged, plate-shaped protopodite. Protopo- 
dite margined with minute, rod-shaped projections (not shown in 
figures) reaching to or just breaking through cuticle. Dorsal surface 
of protopodite with scattered, circular spots (not shown in figures) 
and rod-shaped processes scattered irregularly between spots and on 
ventral surface. First and second thoracic legs of female and male 
with distinct sinus on inner lateral surface, sinus bearing distinct 
evidence of rami (exopodite and endopodite) in male (figs. 6d, A), 
indistinct evidence in female (figs. 66, f).. Third thoracic leg without 
sinus and evidence of rami, in both male and female. 


Family Pandaridae 
Pandarus satyrus Dana, 1849 


Fiaures 7a—d, 8a-—f, 9a-e 


Pandarus satyrus Dana, 1849, p. 59; 1853, p. 1367, p. 95, fig. 2a-c.—Brady, 1883, 
p.134.—Bassett-Smith, 1899, p. 467.—Wilson, 1907b, p. 415, pl. 31, figs. 
162-171; 1914, p. 71, pl. 15, figs. 1-8; 1924a, p. 213—Yamaguti, 1936, p. 
5, pl. 3, fig. 36, pl. 4, figs. 37-41.—Shiino, 1954c (in part), p. 312, figs. 11-17; 
1957 (in part?), p. 364; 1959a (in part?), p. 315; 1959b (in part?), p. 352; 
1960 (in part), p. 493. 

Pandarus zygaenae Brady, 1883, p. 134, pl. 55, fig. 3. 


Reported Hosts.—Prionace glauca, Zygaena malleus (=Sphyrna 
zygaena, in part, and Sphyrna diplana, in part). (The hosts reported 
by Shino have not been included.) 





PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 15 


DistrinuTion.—Kermadec Islands, Cape Verde Island, Gulf of 
Mexico, Japan, Hawaii, eastern Pacific. 

MarerrAu.—Thirteen adult females (USNM 110803) taken by 
E. C. Jones and Kenneth Sherman from the external surface of a 
specimen of Prionace glauca captured by longline at 40°15’N., 
170°16’W. Although this is far removed from the Hawaiian Islands, 
the species is included here because of the frequent occurrence of 
Prionace glauca, the principal host (Cressey, in correspondence), 
around the Hawaiian Islands (Gosline and Brock, 1960) and the 
report of the copepod from the Hawaiian Island region by Wilson, 
(1907b, 1924b). 

MerasurREMENTS.—Thirteen female specimens: 


mean (mm.) range(mm.) 


Greatest length 8.57 7.77-9.24 
Greatest length of cephalothorax 4.15 3.71-4.41 
Greatest width of cephalothorax 4.28 93.92-4.55 
Greatest length of genital segment 2.65 2.17—4.07 
Greatest width of genital segment 2.93  2.59-3.15 
Greatest length of anal lamina (12 specimens) 2.02 1.82—2.38 
Greatest length of caudal ramus 0.91 0.70-1.19 
Length of egg string (5 specimens) 4.41 3.78—5.74 


DIAGNOSTIC DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Cephalothorax (fig. 7a) 
consisting of cephalic, maxilliped bearing and first pedigerous seg- 
ments, narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, greatest length slightly 
more than greatest width. Lateral margins flatly convex, with nar- 
row, denticulated membrane along anterior portions; posterior mar- 
gin irregularly concave, median half irregularly denticulated. Frontal 
region narrow, with distinct median depression between incompletely 
fused frontal plates, each frontal plate with dark brown to black 
ovoid area of pigmentation. Second, third and fourth pedigerous 
segments incompletely fused ventrally, distinguished dorsally by 
plates arising as extensions of tergites. Second through fourth pe- 
digerous segments (fig. 7b) each with median plate, that of third more 
than twice the length of second, with median sinus posteriorly, that 
of fourth approximately one and two-thirds the length of third, with 
median sinus posteriorly. Second pedigerous segment also with pair 
of plates originating lateral to median plate, extending laterally and 
posteriorly on dorsal surface and anteriorly underneath posterior 
lateral cephalothoracic region to form large, ridged adhesion pad 
(fig. 7c). Plate of fourth pedigerous segment overlapped anteriorly 
by plate of third pedigerous segment and overlapping anterior 
half of genital segment. 

Genital segment (fig. 7c) broader anteriorly than posteriorly, lateral 
margins flatly convex in anterior two-thirds of segment, sharply concave 


76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


in posterior third, posterolateral corner forming knob-shaped projec- 
tion tipped by single spinule. Posterodorsal surface of segment sharp- 
ly concave, forming articulation surface for large, oval anal lamina 


ae, 





20mm. 








1.0mm. 


Ficure 7.—Pandarus satyrus Dana, 1849, female: a, dorsal view; b, postcephalothoracic 
region, dorsal view; c, postcephalothoracic region, ventral view; d, pre- and postoral 
adhesion pads, ventral view. 


extending posteriorly well past caudal rami. Abdomen 1-segmented, 
extending posteriorly, from posteroventral surface of genital segment, 
slightly past posterior end of knoblike protusions of genital segment. 





PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS Ta 


Lateral abdominal margins convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly, 
posterior margin biconvex. Caudal rami large, heavily sclerotized, 
spiniform, arising from concave posterior lateral abdominal surface, 
extending posteriorly and laterally; ramal surface of attachment 
narrow. 

Cephalothorax dark brown to black dorsally except for posterolateral 
corners, median portion of frontal region, pair of rounded areas in 
ocular region and scattered, minute spots. Median plate of second 
pedigerous segment with light brown pigmentation over most of 
surface, lateral plates of segment dark brown to black except along 
extremities. Median plate of third pedigerous segment with pair of 
large, dark brown to black pigmented areas, one on either side of plate. 
Fourth pedigerous segment dark brown to black except for margins 
and for anterior surface, under plate of third pedigerous segment, in 
addition to pair of small, orbicular areas at apex of indentation of 
median posterior margin. Genital segment dark brown to black over 
most of posterior half, anal lamina also dark brown to black except 
along posterior margin. 

Antennule (figs. 7d, 8a) 2-segmented, situated at lateral junction of 
cephalothorax and frontal region. First segment approximately 3 
times the length of second, broader proximally than distally, ventro- 
anterior and anterior surface with 21 naked and lightly plumose 
setules, ventrodistal surface with 7. Second segment club-shaped, 
medial posterior surface with 1 naked setule, distal surface with 
approximately 9. Antenna (fig. 8b) 3-segmented, first segment with 
closely associated, oval adhesion pad extending anteriorly and ven- 
trally. Some indication present (grooves, lines of sclerotization) in- 
dicating process may not be part of antenna although evidence indis- 
tinct and contradictory evidence (continuation of heavily sclerotized 
basal ridge with first segment, nature of the musculature) suggesting 
that adhesion surface an extension of segment. First antennal seg- 
ment, excluding adhesion pad, short, well developed, irregularly 
tapered from proximal to distal end. Second segment slightly more 
than four-fifths the length of first, width slightly greater than length, 
outer surface bilobed and compressed. Third segment less than half 
the width of second, short, bearing hook-shaped terminal process, 
distinct from segment, and 2 setiform accessory processes, 1 from 
proximal posterior surface, second from distal inner surface, at junction 
of segment and terminal process. 

Mandible (fig. 8c) 2-parted although indistinct evidence of division 
in distal half of second part; distal region of second part flattened, 
rounded distally, with 9 denticulations on inner surface. Postanten- 
nular adhesion pad (figs. 7d, 8a) large, oval, situated just posterior to 
antennule base. Postoral process (figs. 8c, d) situated immediately 


78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 





Figure 8.—Pandarus satyrus Dana, 1849, female: a, right antennule, postantennular ad- 
hesion pad, and frontal region, ventral view; b, left antenna, posterior view; c, mouth 
cone, mandible, and postoral process, ventral view; d, right postoral process, ventral 
view; e, right maxilla, ventral view; f, right maxilliped, ventral view. 





PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 79 


posterior and lateral to mouth cone base, as extension of platelike 
formation forming attachment and articulation surface for mandible. 
Postoral process 3-segmented, first and second segments of approxi- 
mately equal width although first somewhat longer than second and 
second bearing minute knob on anterior and another on posterior 
distal surface, anteriormost knob (at least) with spinule. Third 
segment somewhat narrower than second or first, ovoid in dorsal 
view, with distinct, marginally denticulated spine distally and small, 
knoblike accessory process at base of spine. Pair of ovoid adhesion 
pads (fig. 7d) present posterior to mouth cone and postoral process, 
just medial to maxilla base, at anterior end of heavily sclerotized 
ridge associated with maxilliped base. Maxitla (fig. 8e) 2-segmented, 
first segment slightly less than one and one-half times the length of 
second, excluding terminal processes, more strongly developed. 
Second segment slender, with 2 saber-shaped terminal processes, each 
with numerous, stiff plumosities. 


TABLE 3.—Armature of thoracic legs I-IV of the female of Pandarus satyrus Dana, 



































1849 
Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg Surface Ents bodal Protopodite ras 
ate 
1 2 1 2 
I outer s,p dH d, 3dH, B d 
inner d, d, p, (d)* 3dP a 3dP,d 
IL outer Issss, d, p d, dH d, 2dH,d d d, 2h 
d 
inner a, d, s, (d, a)* CE On iGiEL d, 2H 
III outer s,d,p 252,050 EE d, d, 2h, H d a, rE 
d 
inner a;15,.0, 8,1(d, a) 3H H 
IV outer Ty 25) Gs p) ded. da Jha Ze d,d 
inner a, dus m(diis)* H 








*Armature elements in middle of segment. 


Maxilliped (fig. 8f) 2-segmented, first segment irregular although 
of general triangular outline from lateral viewpoint, with adhesion 
pad on posterodistal surface. Second segment smaller than first, 
irregular, with knoblike projection from anterior distal surface and 
bilobed terminal process projecting posteriorly over part of first 
segment adhesion pad when second segment flexed. ‘Terminal pro- 
cess lightly rugose, inner lobe longer than outer; single, hairlike 
accessory process present on second segment, underneath terminal 
process. 


80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





Ficure 9.—Pandarus satyrus Dana, 1849, female: a, right first thoracic leg, anterior view; 
b, terminal process of exopodite rotated 90° from figure 9a; c, right second thoracic leg, 
anterior view; d, right third thoracic leg, anterior view; ¢, right fourth thoracic leg, anterior 
view. 





PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS SIL 


All four pairs of thoracic legs (table 3, figs. 9a-e) biramous, pro- 
topodite 1-segmented although superficial division of posterior sur- 
face frequently giving 2-parted appearance; some indication of fusion 
present in rami. Exopodite of first thoracic leg 2-segmented and 
boot-shaped although segmentation indistinct and evidence of fusion 
of segments present; distal end of second segment bearing toe-shaped 
armature element although shape due to folding of bilobed element 
(fig. 9b). Exopodite of second thoracic leg 2-segmented although 
indication of segment fusion present. Exopodite of fourth thoracic 
leg 1-segmented although indistinct suggestion of fusion evidenced. 


Pandarus cranchii Leach, 1819 
Fiaur#Es 10a-g, 1la-k, 12a-f, 13a-d 


Pandarus cranchii Leach, 1819, p. 535.—Demarest, 1825, p. 339.—Steenstrup and 
Liitken, 1861, p. 390, pl. 11, fig. 22.—Brady, 1883, p. 133.—Rathbun, R.., 
1884, p. 488; 1886, p. 317, pl. 5, fig. 1— Wilson, 1907b, p. 403, pl. 28; 1908, p. 
453.—Brian, 1908, p. 4; 1912, p. 14, pl. 3, fig. 1—Fowler, 1912, p. 479.— 
Wilson, 1932, p. 435, fig. 273.—Pesta, 1934, p. 30, fig. 21—Wilson, 1935, p. 
333, pl. 5, figs. 58-70, pl. 6, fig. 71—Heegaard, 1943, p. 27, figs. 76-78. 

Nogaus latreillii Leach, 1819, p. 536. 

Pandarus carchariae (?) Leach, 1819, p. 535.—Bassett-Smith, 1899, p. 466. 

Pandarus dentatus Milne-Edwards, 1840, p. 469, pl. 38, figs. 19-20.—Thomson, 
1889, p. 363.—Bassett-Smith, 1899, p. 466. 

Pandarus vulgaris Milne-Edwards, 1840, p. 468. 

Pandarus satyrus.—Shiino, 1954c (in part), p. 312, figs. 11-17; 1957 (in part?), p. 
364; 1959b (in part?), p. 352; 1959a (in part?), p. 315; 1960 (in part?), p. 
493.—Ho, 1963, p. 90, figs. 11-12. 

REPORTED HOSTS.—Carcharinus obscurus, OC. brachyurus, Lamna 
nasus. (Other hosts, reported by Shiino, have not been included.) 

DistTRIBuTION.—Cosmopolitan. 

Marteriau.—Four adult females and 1 adult male (USNM 110804) 
collected by Susumo Kato from the external surface of several spec- 
imens of sharks captured by longline around Oahu, Hawaii. One 
adult female (USNM 110805) taken from the external surface of a 
specimen of Pterolamiops longimanus? from the collections of the 
Honolulu aquarium. One adult male (USNM 110806) collected by 
Dr. Marietta Voge and Clara MacNamee from the external surface 
of a specimen of Sphyrna lewini captured by Lester Zukeran in 
Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. 


82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


MEASUREMENTS.—Five females and two males: 


Js 2 enGles a aoe male 
mean (mm.) range (mm.) (mm.) 
Greatest length, excluding setae 8.25 7.84-8.68 7.00, 7.49 
Greatest length of cephalothorax 4.14 3.92—4.41 3.92, 4.13 
Greatest width of cephalothorax 4.46 4.34-4.62 3s 15 1d200 
Greatest length of genital segment 2.69 2.24-3.01 1.82, 2.03 
Greatest width of genital segment 3.04 2.94-3.15 1.82, 2.10 
ireatest length of caudal rami 1.47 1.33-1.61 0.56, 0.56 
Greatest length of anal lamina 1.60 1.54-1.68 
Greatest length of abdomen 0.63, 0.70 
Greatest width of abdomen 0.49, 0.77 
Length of egg string (1 female 
specimen) 2.94 


DIAGNOSTIC DESCRIPTION.—Cephalothorax of female (fig. 10a) 
consisting of cephalic maxilliped-bearing and first pedigerous seg- 
ments, wider posteriorly than anteriorly; frontal region narrow, 
lateral margins sharply rounded. Lateral cephalothoracic margins 
flatly convex, medial posterior margin convex, lateral regions pro- 
jecting slightly past medial posterior surface. Hight denticulations 
present on medial posterior surface. Ocular region visible as smoothly 
irregular, clear portion in heavily pigmented anterodorsal surface 
and irregular, darkly pigmented region just anterior to it. 

Cephalothorax of male (fig. 106) consisting of cephalic, maxilliped- 
bearing and first pedigerous segments, widest medially; posterolateral 
regions extending well past flat-margined medial posterior region. 
Frontal region narrow, anterior margin wavy, with small median 
depression. Anterolateral cephalothoracic margins deeply indented, 
at junction of frontal region and cephalothorax, generally flatly 
convex posterior to indentation except for slight indentation in middle 
of lateral margin. Cephalothoracic grooves present, extending ante- 
riorly from each side of junction of cephalothorax and free second 
pedigerous segment, terminating at indentation of anterior lateral 
margin. Inner margins of posterolateral cephalothoracic regions 
with filmy membrane extending medially and dorsally, covering most 
of sinus formed by lateral cephalothoracic region and lateral margin 
of second pedigerous segment. Additional membrane present on each 
side of median posterior region and directed dorsally and posteriorly. 

Female second through fourth pedigerous segments (figs. 10c, d) 
free, second pedigerous segment visible dorsally as narrow band 
slightly overlapped anteriorly by posterior median cephalothoracic 
region, bearing 4 small denticulations and 2 large lateral plates pro- 
jecting laterally and posteriorly to middle of genital segment. Third 
pedigerous segment also appearing as narrow band, overlapped medi- 
ally by posterior end of second pedigerous segment and laterally by 








PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 83 


4.0mm. 





0.2mm. 0.2mm. 

Ficure 10.—Pandarus cranchii Leach, 1819: a, female, dorsal view; b, male, dorsal view; 
c, female, postcephalothoracic region, dorsal view; d, female, postcephalothoracic region, 
ventral view; e, male, genital segment, abdomen, caudal ramus, fifth and sixth legs, 
ventral view; f, male, sixth leg, ventral view; g, male, fifth leg, ventral view. 


84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


lateral plates of second pedigerous segment. ‘Third pedigerous seg- 
ment with bilobed, platelike extension overlapping fourth pedigerous 
segment, 2 minute denticulations medially, just anterior to sinus 
between lobes of extension. Fourth pedigerous segment also a narrow 
band, almost completely covered by plates of second and third pedig- 
erous segments, with bilobed plate, similar to that of third pedigerous 
segment, projecting posteriorly over anterior half of genital segment, 
pair of minute denticulations present just anterior to V-shaped con- 
cavity at junction of lobes of plate. 

Male second, third and fourth pedigerous segments (fig. 100) free, 
second pedigerous segment narrow, with posterolaterally projecting 
extensions that bear filmy membrane across distal and inner lateral 
margins. Posterodorsal surface of segment, between extensions, with 
4 denticulations. Third pedigerous segment narrow, posterior margin 
flatly convex, posterodorsal surface with 2 denticulations. Fourth 
pedigerous segment slightly less than twice as wide as long, lateral 
surfaces winglike, median posterior margin convex, posterodorsal 
surface with 2 denticulations. 

Female genital segment (fig. 10d) roughly heart-shaped, wider 
anteriorly than posteriorly, posterior end with deep, U-shaped sinus 
dorsally. Sinus forming place of attachment of large, obovate anal 
lamina extending posteriorly well past posterior end of abdomen, 
almost to distal end of caudal rami. Lateral margins of sinus formed 
by lobate projections of genital segment that bear single denticula- 
tion from posterior dorsal surface. Posterior ventral surface of 
genital segment irregular, with several knoblike regions of heavy 
sclerotization medially. 

Male genital segment (fig. 10¢) broadest anteriorly, anterior margin 
convex; posterior lateral regions extending posteriorly past median 
posterior margin as 2 sharply rounded lobes with minute irregularities 
on inner margin, dorsal median posterior margin overlapping first 
abdominal segment. Fifth legs (fig. 10f) small, projecting laterally 
and posteriorly from genital segment margin, bearing spinule and 3 
setules distally. Sixth leg (fig. 10g) visible only as small spinule and 
single, plumose setule on padlike swelling of ventral genital segment 
surface just anterior and medial to lobate projections of segment. 

Female abdomen (fig. 10d) irregular, narrower anteriorly and pos- 
teriorly than medially, at heavily sclerotized articulation surface of 
caudal rami. Abdomen extending ventrally past anal opening and 
caudal rami bases as plate-shaped projection with flatly rounded 
posterior margin. Caudal rami strongly sclerotized, elongate, ter- 
minating in sharp, spiniform process and giving rise to 2 additional 
spiniform processes on dorsal surface, in distal half of rami. 

Male abdomen (fig. 10¢) 2-segmented, first segment shorter than 








PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 85 


second, broad anteriorly, convexly rounded posteriorly. Second seg- 
ment flared to V-shaped posterior end. Caudal rami laminate, in- 
ner margin plumose, distal surface with 4 plumose setae and 2 minute 
setules, 1 on each lateral edge of distal surface. 

Color of adult female, in alcohol, dark brown or black over most 
of dorsal cephalothoracic surface, dorsal plates, posterior end of 
genital segment and anal lamina, light yellowish brown along margins 
of body parts and caudal rami. Color of adult male, in alcohol, 
brown or yellowish brown, without distinctive color pattern. 

Female antennule (fig. 11a) 2-segmented, attached to lateral ven- 
tral surface of frontal region although appearing to articulate, at 
least partially, in small depression on anterior ventral cephalothoracic 
surface. First segment slightly more than three times the length 
of second, with 26 roughened setae on anterior ventral surface in 
distal half of segment. Second segment slender, width varying little 
throughout length, distal surface rounded, with 6 short, naked setae 
anteriorly, 2 short, naked setae medially and 2 posteriorly; additional 
short, naked seta present on posterior lateral surface just proximal 
to distal end. Male antennule (fig. 116) 2-segmented, first segment 
approximately two and one-half times the length of second, distal 
half with approximately 27 stiffly plumose setules on anterior ventral 
and distal ventral surface. Second segment club-shaped, with ap- 
proximately 9 naked setules on distal surface and 1 on distal posterior 
surface. 

Female antenna (fig. 11c) 3-segmented, situated medial and pos- 
terior to antennule base. First segment irregular, outer lateral and 
distal margins heavily sclerotized, distal forming articulation surface 
for second segment. Second segment slightly longer than first, prox- 
imal margin irregular, projecting anteriorly as lobate surface artic- 
ulating in slight irregularity on inside of inner distal lateral surface 
of first segment. Outer lateral margin with large, knob-shaped 
swelling, distal margin irregular, posterior portion projecting beyond 
anterior. Length of third segment and terminal process similar to 
that of second segment, proximal margin irregular, distal distinct 
although appearing partially fused with clawlike terminal process. 
Accessory processes consisting of small, knoblike structure on pos- 
terior medial surface of segment and single, setiform process on dis- 
tal inner surface at junction of segment and terminal process. The 
antenna appears capable of being projected from or withdrawn into 
the ventral cephalothoracic surface to some extent, the movement 
being allowed by a rather flexible arthrodial membrane that, in the 
fully extended appendage, appears segment-like. Large, obovate pad 
attached to posterior surface of membrane, extending from cephalo- 
thorax to middle of second antennal segment. Pad roughened, 


86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


t———4 
O3mm. 2 o5mm. do 


Ficure 11.—Pandarus cranchii Leach, 1819: a, female, right antennule, ventral view; 
b, male, right antennule and postantennular adhesion pad, ventral view; c, female, right 
antenna, posterior view; d, male, right antenna, posterior view; ¢, female, mouth cone, man- 
dibles, postoral process, postoral adhesion pads, and maxilla bases (max), ventral view; 
f, male, mouth cone, postoral process, postoral adhesion pad, and maxilla base (max); 
ventral view; g, female and male left mandible; h, female, left postoral process, posterior 
view; 2, male, right postoral process, lateral view; 7, female, right maxilla, posterior view 
k, male, right maxilla, posterior view. 











PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 87 


presumably serving as adhesion pad. Male antenna (fig. 11d) 3-seg- 
mented, first segment irregular, with slightly ridged adhesion pad, 
second segment rounded proximally, irregular distally, third segment 
elongate, with strongly developed, heavily sclerotized, clawlike ter- 
minal process in addition to 2 spikelike accessory processes. 

Female and male mandible (fig. 11g) indistinctly 3-parted, first 
part short, approximately one-tenth the appendage length, second 
part slightly less than three times the length of first, broader prox- 
imally than distally. Third part longer than combined lengths of 
preceding parts, tapered slightly towards angled distal region and 
sharply rounded distal end. Angled distal region with 9 minute 
denticulations on inner surface. Female postantennular adhesion 
pad extending posteriorly, from antennule base, past antenna. Male 
postantennular adhesion pad (fig. 11b) paddle-shaped extending lat- 
erally from just posterior to antennule base. Female postoral proc- 
ess (figs. 1le, A) small, palplike, with heavily sclerotized, spike- 
like terminal process and small, spikelike cuticular projection just 
proximal to terminal process, on posterior surface, in addition to 
3 minute, setule-like processes on indentation of medial anterior 
surface. Both mandible and postoral process appearing attached to 
same platelike area of heavy sclerotization. Postoral process of 
male (figs. 11f, 7) appearing 2-segmented, attached to platelike region 
of heavy sclerotization on which mandible articulates, first segment 
approximately 6 times the length of second, with 3 setule-like pro- 
jections on outer distal surface; second segment with triangular, heay- 
ily sclerotized terminal process. Female with pair of oval adhesion 
pads present posterior to mouth cone (fig. 1le), extending posteriorly 
on V-shaped region of heavy sclerotization connected to maxilliped 
bases. Male with 2 slender, slightly ridged adhesion pads present 
posterior to mouth cone base, between maxilla bases and on heay- 
ily sclerotized area connected to maxilliped bases. 

Female maxilla (fig. 117) 2-segmented, first segment slightly more 
than one and one-half times the length of second, well developed, 
with distinct knob-shaped projection of distal inner surface. Second 
segment tipped by 2 saber-shaped processes and tuft of plumosities. 
Male maxilla (fig. 114) 2-segmented, first segment slightly less than 
one and one-half times the length of second, more strongly developed; 
second segment with 1 plumose, knoblike projection and 2 lightly 
plumose, seta-like terminal processes, outer almost twice the length of 


inner. 


Female maxilliped (fig. 12a) 2-seemented, with broad base situated 


_ just posterior and medial to maxilla base, along V-shaped region of 


heavy sclerotization. First segment with heavily sclerotized proximal 


_ projection serving as articulation and muscle attachment surface. 


88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





b+ ———_+——_ 
0.3mm, & 


Ficure 12.—Pandarus cranchii Leach, 1819. Right maxilliped, anterior view: a, female; 
b, male. Right thoracic legs, anterior view: c, female, first leg; d, male, first leg; e, 
female, second leg; f, male, second leg. 





| 
} 
| 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 89 





Ficure 13.—Pandarus cranchii Leach, 1819, right thoracic legs, anterior view: a, female, 
third leg; b, male, third leg; c, female, fourth leg; d, male, fourth leg. 


782-215—66——3 





90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Segment tapered to narrow distal end, with several adhesion pads. 
Second segment short, with proximal swelling and broad, almost 
laminate terminal process, process with distal concavity overlying 
knob-shaped adhesion pad on first segment when second segment 
flexed. Male maxilliped (fig. 12b) 2-segmented, also with broad base 
extending along area of heavy sclerotization. First segment strongly 
developed, broadest distally, with rounded, padlike process on inner 
surface. Second segment short, heavily sclerotized, with well devel- 
oped clawlike terminal process that overlaps 2 adhesion pads present 
on distal anterior surface of first segment when second segment flexed. 

Female and male thoracic legs I-IV biramous, with some evidence 
of fusion exhibited, especially in female. For anlaysis of armature and 
nature of legs, see tables 4, 5, figures 12c—f, 13a-d. 


TABLE 4.—Armature of thoracic legs I-IV of the female of Pandarus cranchii Leach, 
































1819 
Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg Surface Interpodal Protopodite 
Plate 
1 2 i 2 
I outer p iE d, 6P, dB* d 
inner d,d,p,d a 3P,d 
Il outer s, d, p d, dif d, 3dH d d 
d 
inner a, d,s,d,d 6Cl, H 4H,d 
Ill outer = | d, p d,s, H d, 4H d d 
d 
inner a, d,s 2C)] 2H,d 
IV outer r, d,'s,/d;p d,H d, d, d, 4H d,d 
inner a, d,s Cl 














*Process denticulated, appears fused with segment, not distinct as in P. satyrus. 


Discussion.—Pandarus cranchit and P. satyrus were synonymized 
by Shiino (1954¢). Based on the female specimens of both species in 
the collection under description, there appears sufficient evidence to 
warrant the maintenance of both species. This evidence includes the 
length of the caudal rami (longer in P. cranchit), the presence of a 
single-lobed process on antennal segment 2 of P. cranchii and a bilobed 
process on the same segment in P. satyrus, the 1-segmented postoral 
process of P. cranchit and the 3-segmented postoral process of P. 
satyrus, the presence of a clump of plumosities on segment 2 of the 
maxilla of P. cranchit and their absence on the same segment of P. 
satyrus, the nature of the thoracic leg armature (compare tables 3 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 91 


and 4). These two species will be discussed more thoroughly in a 
forthcoming review of the family Pandaridae by Roger Cressey. 


TaBLtE 5.—Armature of thoracic legs I-IV of the male of Pandarus ecranchii Leach 


, 



























































1819 
Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg Surface Interpodal | Protopodite ee a 
Plate 
1 2 1 2 
I outer p dmH d, 4dmH c 
inner aps. c 3P a 3P 
II outer d, p d,c, mH d, 3dmH, mH, P c ce, 4P 
c 
inner a, P,¢,s Cae c, 5P P c, 4P 
Il outer d,p d,d, mH d, 4dmH, 2P c c, 3P 
c 
inner P,¢,s ce, P c, 8P iE c, 3P 
IV outer d,s,p d,d, H d, 3dmH, mH, 2P c d, c, 2P 
inner Cas c, P 3P Ee c, 3P 








*Denticulations between rami. 


Pandarus smithii Rathbun, 1886 
Fiaurss 14a-d, 15a—-h, 16a-—d 


Pandarus smithii Rathbun, 1886, p. 315, pl. 5, fig. 3, pl. 7, fig. 9—Rathbun, 
M. J., 1905, p. 95.—Wilson, 1907b, p. 410, pls. 29-30.—Fowler, 1912, p. 
479.—Wilson, 1932, p. 434, fig. 272.—Brian, 1944, p. 202, pl. 5, fig. 40.— 
Carvalho, 1945, p. 110, fig. 28.—Barnard, 1955, p. 259.—Shiino, 1959b, 
p. 353, fig. 8. 


ReEporTED HOSTS.—Carcharhinus milberti, Carcharinus obscurus 
Carcharias taurus, Carcharodon carcharias, Sphyrna zygaena. 

DistrisutTion.—North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific (western, 
central and southern regions), South Africa. 

MarTErRIAL.—Two ovigerous and 1 nonovigerous adult females 
(USNM 110807) collected by Susumo Kato from the external surface 
of several specimens of sharks captured by longline off Oahu, Hawaii. 
Two nonovigerous adult females (USNM 110808) collected by the 
Hawaii Fish and Game Department from the buccal cavity of Car- 
charhinus melanopterus? captured by longline in Yokohama Bay, 
Hawaii. Two nonovigerous adult females (USNM 110809) collected 
by the Hawaii Fish and Game Department from the external surface 
of Carcharhinus melanopterus? captured by longline in Kealekua Bay, 
Hawaii. 


92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


MEASUREMENTS.—Seven female specimens: 


mean (mm.) range (mm.) 


Greatest length 8.60 7.84-9.80 
Greatest length of cephalothorax 4.37 4.06-4.55 
Greatest width of cephalothorax 4.42 4.20-4.55 
Greatest length of genital segment 2.69 2.24-3.08 
Greatest width of genital segment 3.03 2.73—3.22 
Greatest length of caudal rami 1.65 1.61-1.75 
Greatest length of anal lamina 1.75 1.47-1.89 
Length of egg strings (2 specimens) 7.70, 8.40 


DIAGNOSTIC DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Cephalothorax (fig. 14a) con- 
sisting of cephalic, maxilliped-bearing and first pedigerous segments, 
narrower anteriorly than posteriorly; lateral margins flatly convex, 
posterior concave, with 8 irregular denticulations medially. Frontal 
region narrow, with distinct median depression. Second through 
fourth pedigerous segments (figs. 146, c) free, second and third each 
with single plate covering median dorsal surface, second with pair of 
ovoid plates originating from lateral dorsal surface, extending pos- 
teriorly and laterally; third pedigerous segment with pair of small, 
posteriorly rounded plates dorsally, extending posteriorly and laterally, 
slightly overlapped by plates of second pedigerous segment. Fourth 
pedigerous segment with single, large, apron-shaped plate dorsally, 
extending posteriorly over most of genital segment. 

Genital segment (figs. 14), c) wider than long, slightly narrower 
posteriorly than anteriorly; lateral margins flatly convex, posterior 
and anterior margins concave laterally, irregular medially, postero- 
lateral projection each tipped by single denticulation. Large, rounded 
anal lamina attached to dorsal surface of posterior concavity, ex- 
tending posteriorly to distal end of caudal rami. Abdomen (fig. 14¢) 
l-segmented, extending posteriorly from posteroventral surface of 
genital segment; narrower anteriorly, broadly rounded posteriorly, 
bearing pair of heavily sclerotized, distally pointed caudal rami 
directed posteriorly and laterally. Caudal rami attached to abdomen 
by broad base formed of cuticular extension of proximal half of ramus. 

Color pattern of alcohol preserved material similar to that of 
Pandarus satyrus. 

Antennule (figs. 14d, 15a) 2-segmented, first segment more than 
twice the length of second, curved posteriorly in distal region; with 
approximately 23 naked setae on anterior ventral surface. Second 
segment rounded distally, with approximately 7 fine setules on distal 
surface and 1 on medial posterior surface. Antenna (figs. 14d, 156) 
3-segmented, proximal segment with oval adhesion pad, smaller than 
postantennular adhesion pad, extending across ventral surface of most 
of cephalic depression bearing antenna. Second antennal segment 
longer than first, with heavily sclerotized, knob-shaped projection on 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 93 


distal outer surface. Third segment short, with heavily sclerotized, 
strongly curved, clawlike terminal process and 2 small, spikelike 
accessory processes. Mandible (figs. 15c-e) 2-parted although prox- 
imal part with indistinct break in cuticle; distal end of second part 


2.0mm. 








$ret — 
1.0mm. 0.5mm. 


Ficure 14.—Pandarus smithii Rathbun, 1886, female: a, dorsal view; b, postcephalotho- 
racic region, dorsal view; c, third pedigerous segment, genital segment, abdomen, caudal 
ramus, and anal lamina, ventral view (fourth pedigerous segment not visible) ; d, postanten- 
nular and antennal adhesion pads, ventral view. 


curved slightly, with 9 denticulations. Postantennular adhesion 
pad (fig. 14d) large, oval, extending posteriorly past antenna. Post- 
oral process (figs. 15c, f) irregularly lobate, with spinelike terminal 
process, minute and knob-shaped accessory process on medial outer 
surface and indentation on distal inner surface. Postoral adhesion 


94. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


pad (fig. 15c) situated just medial to maxilla base, on heavily scle- 
rotized ridge extending to maxilliped base. Maxilla (fig. 15g) 
2-segmented, first segment more strongly developed than second and 





Figure 15.—Pandarus smithii Rathbun, 1886, female: a, right antennule, ventral view; }, 
right antenna, anterior view; c, oral and postoral region, ventral view, showing mouth cone, 
part of mandible (mdbl), postoral process, position of maxilla (max), and adhesion pad 
adjacent to maxilla; d, left mandible; ¢, denticulated portion of mandible; f, postoral proc- 
ess; g, maxilla; h, maxilliped, 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 95 


more than one and one-half times its length, excluding terminal 
processes. Second segment with 2 saber-shaped terminal processes 
and small, plumose knob adjacent to terminal processes. 





Ficure 16.—Pandarus smithii Rathbun, 1886, female, right thoracic legs: a, first leg, an- 
terior view; b, second leg, posterior view; c, third leg, posterior view; d, fourth leg, anterior 
view. 


96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Maxilliped (fig. 15h) 2-segmented, first segment well developed, 
irregularly triangular, with several heavily sclerotized adhesion pads 
and processes. Second segment short, with proximal knoblike pro- 
jection and bilobed, lappet-like terminal process that overlaps adhesion 
pad on first segment when second segment flexed. 

Four pairs of thoracic legs biramous, evidence of segment fusion 
present, particularly with regard to exopodite of legs three and four. 
For nature of armature and legs, see table 6 and figure 16. 


TasLe 6.—Armature of thoracic legs I-IV of the female of Pandarus smithii 
Rathbun, 1889 






































Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg Surface interpodal Protopodite pa. 
ate 
1 2 1 2 
I outer p P ad, 6P%,B d 
inner d,d,p; d* a 3H,d 
II outer d, p 3rH d d 
d 
inner 7.055," 7Cl 4H 
III outer d, p d d, 3H d d 
d 
inner a, .d,.s,:d™ 2H 2H 
IV outer d,.s, p d, H, d, d, 3H d,d 
inner a, dS, 07 2H h 





* Denticulations between rami. 
Phyllothyreus cornutus (Milne-Edwards, 1840) 


Ficures 17a-e, 18a—f, 19a—d 


Phyllophora cornuta Milne-Edwards, 1840, p. 472, pl. 38, figs. 13-14. 

Nogagus grandis Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861, p. 46, pl. 10, fig. 19. 

Phyllophorus cornutus.— Bassett-Smith, 1899, p. 465. 

Phyllothyreus cornutus.—Norman, 1903, p. 368.—Norman and Scott, 1906, p. 212, 
pl. 24, figs. 9-17.—Scott and Scott, 1913,3 p. 92, pl. 19, figs. 11-18, pl. 23, 
fig. 3.—Wilson, 1932, p. 440.—Monod and Dollfus, 1938, p. 196, figs. 1-15.— 
Brian, 1946, p. 142. 

Laminifera doello-juradot Brian, 1944, p. 205, pl. 4, figs. 30-37, pl. 5, figs. 38-39. 


ReEportTEeD Hosts.—Prionace glauca, Isurus oxyrinchus, Lamna 
nNasus. 


3These authors describe the genus Phyllothreus [sic] and the species Phyllo- 
threus: [sic] cornutus (Milne-Edwards). The apparent misspelling is present in 
every citation. 





} 





PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 97 


DistriputTion.—Mediterranean, England, warmer parts of the At- 
lantic (Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861), Tongatabu (Friendly Islands). 

MarertAL.—One adult male (USNM 110810) collected by E. C. 
Jones and Kenneth Sherman from the fin of a specimen of Prionace 
glauca captured by longline at 40°15’N., 170°16’W. Although the 
specimen was collected out of the Hawaiian area, the presence of the 
host around the Hawaiian Islands and the known distribution of the 
parasite suggest its probable occurrence in the area. 

MEASUREMENTS.—One adult male: 


(mm.) 
Greatest length, excluding setae 15.54 
Greatest length of cephalothorax 7.42 
Greatest width of cephalothorax, excluding membranes 7.42 
Greatest length of genital segment 3.85 
Greatest width of genital segment 3.36 
Greatest length of abdomen 1.68 
Greatest length of caudal rami 21d 


DIAGNOSTIC DESCRIPTION OF MALE.—Cephalothorax (fig. 17a) 
approximately as wide as long, consisting of cephalic maxilliped- 
bearing and first pedigerous segments. Frontal region narrow, 
separated from remaining cephalothorax by distinct line of division. 
Membrane-rimmed lateral cephalothoracic margins smoothly convex, 
posterolateral regions extending well posterior of posterior median 
cephalothoracic region and forming, with lateral margins of free 
second pedigerous segment, distinct sinuses. Membrane on lateral 
cephalothoracic margins continuous around posterior extension of 
lateral regions, terminating at anterior end of sinus; additional mem- 
brane present, projecting dorsally and extending transversely across 
anterior end of sinus. Dorsal cephalothoracic grooves distinct, ex- 
tending anteriorly from sinus apex, curving laterally sharply just 
anterior to ocular region, terminating at lateral margin just posterior 
to antennule. Eyes small, with small pigmented region around each 
lens, pigmented regions of both eyes contiguous on median longi- 
tudinal axis of body. 

Second, third, and fourth pedigerous segments (fig. 17b) free, 
second and third indistinctly and incompletely fused. Second seg- 
ment narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, width much greater than 
length, lateral margins concave anteriorly, convex posteriorly, la- 
teroposterior regions extending laterally as winglike processes with 
membranous margins. Third pedigerous segment slightly narrower 
than second, broader anteriorly than posteriorly, without winglike 
projections but with pair of small, knoblike projections at junction 
with second pedigerous segment. Fourth pedigerous segment distinct 


98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 





eo 
0.3mm. 0.3mm. 


Ficure 17.—Phyllothyreus cornutus (Milne-Edwards, 1840), male: a, dorsal view; b, free 
pedigerous segments, ventral view; c, genital segment, abdomen, and caudal ramus, ven- 
tral view; d, right fifth leg, ventral view; e, right sixth leg, ventral view. 








PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 99 


from both third and genital segments, lyre-shaped although anterior 
end with large, heavily sclerotized, knob-shaped anterior lateral pro- 
jections. 

Genital segment (fig. 17¢c) barrel-shaped except for lappet-like lateral 
posterior projections, anterolateral corners of segment forming small, 
knoblike, heavily sclerotized projections. Fifth leg (fig. 17d) small, 
slightly irregular, projecting from ventral lateral surface of genital 
segment just posterior to middle of segment, bearing single, small, 
spiniform projection and 3 plumose setules. Sixth leg (fig. 17¢) 
consisting of small, spiniform projection and single setule at posterior 
end of oval irregularity of ventral genital segment surface in region 
of genital opening. 

Abdomen (fig. 17c) 2-segmented, first segment subrectangular, 
wider than long; second segment narrow anteriorly, flared to middle 
of segment then curved irregularly to anal concavity. Caudal rami 
(fig. 17c) greatly enlarged, slightly shorter than genital segment, 
excluding projections, laminate, with inner lateral margins plumose, 
bearing 4 large, plumose setae from distal surface and 2 small setules, 
one on each posterolateral surface. 

Antennule (fig. 18a) 2-segmented, attached to irregularity of an- 
teroventral cephalothoracic surface and posteroventral surface of 
frontal region. Both segments of general elongate nature, first 
approximately one and one-third times the length of second, flat- 
tened ventrally, rounded dorsally, bearing approximately 22 plumose 
and naked setules. Second segment rounded distally, with 6 small, 
spinelike projections and 4 naked setules from distal surface, 1 naked 
setule from distal dorsal surface. Antenna (fig. 186) 3-segmented, 
situated medial and posterior to antennule base and lateral to oral 
region. First segment flattened, proximal end abutting against small, 
heavily sclerotized, padlike projection of cephalothorax. Third seg- 
ment and terminal process fused, clawlike, with 2 setule-like acces- 
sory processes, 1 medially, second proximally. Mandible (fig. 18c) 
2-parted, proximal end articulating in circular depression in plate- 
like region of heavy sclerotization; appendage rodlike, distal end 
sharply rounded, distal inner surface denticulated. Postantennular 
adhesion pad (fig. 18a) similar to that of Pandarus but not as well 
developed, with irregular cross striations. Postoral process (fig. 18d) 
irregularly lobate, tipped by spiniform process. Postoral adhesion 
pads (fig. 18e) small, knob-shaped, situated slightly posterior to mouth 
cone, at beginning of heavily sclerotized region forming articulation 
surface for maxilla and maxilliped. Maxilla (fig. 18e) 2-segmented, 
first segment approximately one and one-third times the length of 
the second, with proximally projecting articulation surface (not 
visible in figure). Second segment narrower proximally than distally, 


100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


tipped by 2 saber-shaped processes, innermost approximately one 
and one-half times the length of the outer, outer with rows of 
short, stiff plumosities. 





Ficure 18.—Phyllothyreus cornutus (Milne-Edwards, 1840), male: a, left antennule and 
adhesion pad, ventral view; J, left antenna, ventral view; c, left mandible; d, left postoral 
process and mouth cone base, ventral view; e, right maxilla and maxilliped base (mxpd), 
ventral view; f, right maxilliped, lateral view. 








PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 101 


Maxilliped (fig. 18f) 2-segmented, attached immediately posterior 
and medial to maxilla base. First segment strongly developed, 
broad proximally, narrow distally, with 2 small adhesion projections 
on anterior lateral surface against which second segment terminal 
process shuts when second segment flexed. Second segment short, 





Figure 19.—Phyllothyreus cornutus (Milne-Edwards, 1840), male, right thoracic legs, 
anterior view: a, first leg; b, second leg; c, third leg; d, fourth leg. 


terminal process longer than segment, together forming clawlike 
structure. Long, seta-like accessory process present at junction of 
second segment and terminal process. 

Thoracic legs I-IV biramous, protopodite 1-segmented, rami 2- 
segmented. For nature of armature and legs see table 7 and figures 
19a-—d. 


102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


TaBLE 7.—Armature of thoracic legs I-IV of the male of Phyllothyreus cornutus 
(Milne-Edwards, 1840) 





Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg Margin Interpodal Protopodite 
Plate 
1 2 1 2 
I outer Isss, p dmH d, 3dmH, H ene: 
inner 2d, 2a, p c 3P a 2P 
II outer d, p d, H d, 3fmH, H c c, 5P 
e 
inner P, c, Isss Cc, 2 c, 6P P ¢c, 3P 
iil outer d, p d,h d, 3h, H c c, 2P 
c 
inner Pcs iP. 5P iP c, 4P 
IV outer d c, H c, 2h, 2H c c, 2P 
inner c, Iss ce c, 5P iP c, 3P 





Dinematura ! latifolia Steenstrup and Lutken, 1861 
Ficures 20a-f, 2la-h, 22a-g, 23a-b 


Dinematura latifolia Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861, p. 378, pl. 8, fig. 16.—Heller, 
1865, p. 199.—Richiardi, 1880, p. 3.—Stossich, 1880, p. 257.—Valle, 1880, 
p. 60.—Carus, 1885, p. 360.—Brian, 1898, p. 14, pl. 2, fig. 10.—Bassett-Smith, 
1899, p. 463.—Brian, 1902, p. 44; 1906, p. 52.— Wilson, 1907b, p. 383, pls. 
24-25.—Fowler, 1912, p. 479.— Wilson, 1923, p. 6, pl. 1, figs. 6-10; 1932, 
p. 482, fig. 271; 1935c, p. 778.—Yamaguti, 1936, p. 9, pl. 5, figs. 50-52; 
pl. 6, figs. 53-61.—Brian, 1944, p. 201.— Delamare-Deboutteville and Nunes- 
Ruivo, 1953b, p. 204, figs. 2-3.—Shiino, 1954e, p. 308, figs. 9-10.—Barnard, 
1955, p. 263, fig. 16.—Shiino, 1957, p. 365.—Heegaard, 1962, p. 177. 

REPORTED HOsTs.—Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Carchar- 
odon rondelett. (=Carcharodon carcharias?), Lamna nasus, Carchar- 
odon carcharias. 

Distrisution.—North Atlantic, Adriatic, Argentina, South Africa, 
North Pacific, Japan. 

MAaATERIAL.—Five ovigerous and 1 nonovigerous adult females 
(USNM 110811) collected by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from 
the external surface of a ‘‘“Mackerel Shark” captured by longline at 
45°58’ N., 162°33’ W. One nonovigerous adult female (USNM 110812) 
collected by Susumo Kato from the external surface of an unknown 
shark captured by longline off Oahu, Hawaii. Seven nonovigerous 
and 1 ovigerous adult females in addition to 1 adult male (USNM 


4 The references using the spelling Dinemoura are not designated in the syn- 
onymy. The improper latinization of the generic name (Dinemoura) by Latreille 
(1829) was corrected to Dinematura by Burmeister (1835). 


SSS 


| 
| 





PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 103 


110813) collected by the Hawaii Division of Fish and Game from the 
external surface of a specimen of Carcharodon carcharias captured by 
longline at Pokai Bay, Hawaii. 

MEASUREMENTS.—Sixteen females, one male: 


female 
SSS a eS male 
mean (mm.) range (mm.) (mm.) 
Greatest length, excluding setae 12.47 11.20-14.28 8.80 
Greatest length of cephalothorax 5.91 5.04- 6.65 4.60 
Greatest width of cephalothorax, excluding 
flanges 6.75 5.81- 7.63 4.10 
Greatest length of genital segment 5.73 4.90- 6.58 2.30 
Greatest width of genital segment 3.96 3.01- 4.34 15 
Greatest length of abdomen 1.66 1.40— 1.89 0.90 
Approximate length of egg string (6 female 26.27 8.40-37.10 
specimens) 


DIAGNOSTIC DESCRIPTION.—Female cephalothorax (fig. 20a) sub- 
orbicular, consisting of cephalic, maxilliped-bearing and first pedigerous 
segments; frontal region narrow, anterior margin irregular, anterior 
lateral cephalothoracic margin with indistinct indentation. Mem- 
brane-rimmed lateral cephalothoracic margins regular, with small but 
distinct indentation medially that forms outer end of indistinct, 
irregular groove extending laterally from posteromedial cephalo- 
thoracic region. Lateral cephalothoracic regions extending poste- 
riorly to anterior end of genital segment, well posterior to median 
cephalothoracic region. Posteromedian region with narrow, flange- 
like extension dorsally, overlapping anterior half of narrow second 
pedigerous segment. Dorsal cephalothoracic grooves distinct, major 
pair extending anteriorly from junction of inner margin of lateral 
cephalothoracic region and median cephalothoracie region to join 
with groove extending posteriorly from indentation of anterolateral 
cephalothoracic margin. Several minor grooves present although 
most indistinct. Eyes distinct though small consisting of 2 pigmented 
regions, contiguous on median longitudinal axis of body, and 2 minute, 
circular lenses. Cephalothorax of male (fig. 206) similar to that of 
female, major differences consisting of regular instead of irregular 
anterior margin of frontal region, 2 instead of 1 small indentation of 
lateral cephalothoracic margin and with major dorsal cephalothoracic 
grooves appearing to terminate before joining groove extending 
posteriorly from indentation of anterolateral cephalothoracic margin. 

Female second through fourth pedigerous segments (fig. 20a) free, 
second with 2-parted lateral extensions, anterior part heavily sclerot- 
ized, rodlike except for adhesion pad formed by swollen distal end; 
posterior part of extension heavily sclerotized anteriorly, with mem- 
branous margin posteriorly, both parts forming extension projecting 
under lateral cephalothoracic region and under anterior end of fourth 


104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





Ficure 20.—Dinematura latifolia Steenstrup and Litken, 1861: a, female, dorsal view; ), 
male, dorsal view; c, female, genital segment, abdomen, caudal ramus, and egg string, 
ventral view; d, male, genital segment, fifth and sixth legs, and abdomen, ventral view; 
e, male, fifth leg; f, male, sixth leg. 








PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 105 


pedigerous segment ala. Third pedigerous segment width approxi- 
mately twice the length, with knoblike swelling on lateral surface 
forming attachment and articulation surface for third thoracic leg, 
with pair of small, knoblike protrusions posteriorly, overlapping short 
anterior end of fourth pedigerous segment Fourth pedigerous seg- 
ment distinct from genital segment dorsally although fused ventrally; 
segment small, slightly longer than wide, lateral surfaces distinct 
ventrally although tapered into large ala. Ala extending laterally, 
across dorsal surface of posterior end of lateral cephalothoracic region, 
extending posteriorly and covering anterior third of genital segment. 
Median posterior region of ala bilobed, with deep sinus separating 
lobes. Second through fourth pedigerous segments of male (fig. 206) 
free, lateral projection of second not as well developed as in female. 
Third pedigerous segment as in female; ala of fourth pedigerous seg- 
ment much smaller in male than in female, bilobed posteriorly although 
without deep sinus, overlapping anterior end of genital segment. 

Female genital segment (fig. 20c) large, anterolateral corners rounded, 
median anterior surface concave; lateral margins flatly convex, postero- 
lateral surfaces lobate, projecting posteriorly almost to end of caudal 
rami. Dorsal surface with platelike processes extending over most of 
segment and overlapping part of abdomen. Medial posterior surface 
forming place of attachment of large, orbicular projection (sixth seg- 
ment of Wilson, 1907b) and pair of large, lobate laminae. Abdomen 
1-segmented, projecting from ventral genital segment surface immedi- 
ately posterior to attachment of orbicular projection and laminae (not 
attached to orbicular projection but to genital segment). Proximal 
end of abdomen broad, tapered sharply posteriorly. Caudal rami 
arising from sharp taper of abdomen. Rami strongly flattened, outer 
lateral portion folded, bearing 4 lightly plumose setae from distal 
region and minute setule medial to innermost seta. 

Male genital segment (fig. 20d) slender, barrel-shaped, lateral regions 
appearing slightly swollen, posterolateral regions each with slender, 
knoblike area of heavy sclerotization distinct from rest of segment. 
Fifth leg (fig. 20e) consisting of knob-shaped protrusion bearing 1 
plumose and 2 naked setules, single, plumose setule present just lateral 
to protrusion. Sixth leg (fig. 20f) a minute nodule bearing 2 naked 
setules. Abdomen 2-segmented, arising from posteroventral genital 
segment surface. First segment narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, 
length approximately three-fourths the width, posterior end with 
flattened, V-shaped outline. Second segment slightly longer than 
first, outline irregular, lateral regions curved ventrally and more 
heavily sclerotized than rest of segment, lateral posterior margins 
angled, surfaces forming attachment for caudal rami. Caudal rami 

782-215—66——4 


106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


damaged although appearing similar to those of female except for 
greater plumosity of inner margin. 

Female antennule (fig. 21a) 2-segmented, attached to lateral anterior 
ventral cephalothoracic surface at junction of lateral cephalothoracic 
margin and frontal region. First segment approximately two and one- 
half times the length of second, broader proximally than distally, 
with approximately 18 naked or finely plumose setules along edge of 
ridge extending along anterior and distal portions of ventral surface 
and terminating in small, subtriangular projection of distal posterior 
surface. Second segment club-shaped, with 2 naked terminal setules. 
Antennule of male (fig. 216) with first segment slightly more than twice 
the length of second, bearing approximately 14 setules, distal 7 densely 
plumose; second segment with 1 short and 4 elongate, naked setules. 
Female antenna (fig. 21¢) 3-segmented, first and second segments 
short, strongly developed, first with small adhesion pad; third segment 
and fused terminal process clawlike, terminal process strongly curved, 
segment with 2 setule-like accessory processes. Antenna of male 
(fig. 21g) 3-segmented, first segment without adhesion pad, second 
segment slightly shorter than first, with distinct adhesion surface on 
anterior distal surface, third segment and terminal process complex, 
segment short, distinct from terminal process, with small adhesion 
pad, terminal process short, clawlike. 

Female and male mandible (figs. 21d, e) appearing 2-parted, rod- 
like, first part short, second part elongate, distal region of second 
part slightly flattened, rounded distally, inner margin with 12 dentic- 
ulations. Female and male postantennular adhesion ped (fig. 21a) 
2-parted, consisting of small, cup-shaped structure situated just 
posterior and lateral to antennule base, and just anterior to large, 
ovoid adhesion pad extending posteriorly and slightly medial. Post- 
oral process of female (figs. 21¢, f) appearing 4-segmented, proximal 
segment attached to rib-shaped region of heavy sclerotization con- 
nected to Y-shaped region surrounding mouth and extending anteri- 
orly, rib-shaped region also forming attachment and articulation 
surface for mandible. Proximal segment of postoral process strongly 
developed, with at least 1 plumosity-bearing nodule (Shiino, 1954e, 
and others report 2 nodules); second and third segments elongate, 
subrectangular, fourth segment lamellate and folded and may be 
terminal process of third segment. Postoral process of male (fig. 
21g) 3-segmented although third segment with irregularity attached 
to distal end that may be remains of fourth segment or terminal 
process. Female and male with pair of oval adhesion pads just 
posterior to mouth cone base (figs. 21g, h), situated on extensive 
region of heavy sclerotization forming articulation and muscle at- 











PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS LOW 





¥ is 
~ Ay 02 mm.& 


eG, wigilii 







aa ND 
0.3mm.2 o ¢ 


$24 1414 1 
o05mm2d 





Ficure 21.—Dinematura latifolia Steenstrup and Litken, 1861: a, female, right antennule 
and postantennular process, ventral view; b, male, right antennule, ventral view; c, female, 
right antenna, mouth cone base, and postoral process, ventral view; d, right mandible; 
e, distal end of mandible; f, female, right postoral process, anterior view; g, male, right 
antenna, mouth cone, mandible (only one shown), postoral process, postoral adhesion pad, 
and maxilla base (max), ventral view; h, female, right maxilla and postoral adhesion pad 
(male maxilla similar). 


108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


tachment surfaces for maxilla and maxilliped, pads of male slightly 
longer than those of female. 

Female and male maxilla (fig. 216) 2-segmented, first segment 
slightly longer and more strongly developed than second. Second 
segment narrow proximally, broader distally, bearing 2 saber-shaped 
terminal processes with tuft of plumosities between them. Terminal 
processes covered, for the most part, by scalelike projections, each 
bearing minute, spiniform projections. Inner terminal process longer 
than outer, with fuzzy proximal outer margin in addition to scale- 
like projections. 

Female maxilliped (fig. 22a) 2-segmented, situated just posterior 
and lateral to posterior end of postoral adhesion process, first segment 
with narrow proximal region and greatly enlarged, ovoid distal region. 
Second segment much smaller than first, articulating on pair of 
small indentations of posterodistal surface of first segment, with 
slightly curved, spinelike terminal process. Male maxilliped (fig. 
226) similar, in outline, to that of female although with 2 adhesion 
pads on enlarged portion of first segment, terminal process of second 
segment longer than that of female, more distinct from segment. 

Female and male thoracic legs I-IV biramous, protopodite 1-seg- 
ment, rami 1-3 segmented. For nature of armature and legs, see 
tables 8-9, figures 22c—g, 23a—b. 

TaBLE 8.—Armature of thoracic legs I-IV of the female of Dinematura latifolia 
Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861 


Inter-| Pro- Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg |Surface}||podal] topo- 
Plate | dite 
1 2 3 1 2 3 
I outer Dp fmH, d fm, 2fmH, dmH, H c, P 
inner 2a, Dp c c, 3P a 2P 
II outer 2a, D fm, d, fmH fm, fmH fm, 2fmh, fh c € 1c, 3k 
c 
inner 3a, P,¢ c). e ce, P c, 5P c, 2P | c, 3P 
III | outer a,c, a m, d, mH m, mH m, 3fmH c c c, P 
c 
inner P,c,a c, P C..2 c, 5P Pte | 2Eaierok 
IV outer di; rh,.h,'d; h,:d, h,.d d 
inner rh, d, rh, 2h 2rh,d 





* Wilson (1907b) and Shiino (1954¢) do not indicate this armature element. 


RemMarKs.—Yamaguti (1936) and Shiino (1954c) both point out 
that Japanese specimens differ from the description given by Wilson 
(1907b) in the shape of the third pedigerous segment, the arrangement 
of the adhesion pads, and the number of spines on the thoracic legs. 
I am indebted to Dr. S. M. Shiino for the loan of a female specimen 





PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 109 


Sh 
CLOT) 


Se 4 





Figure 22.—Dinematura latifolia Steenstrup and Litken, 1861. Maxilliped, ventral view: 
a, female; b, male. Right thoracic legs, anterior view: ¢, first leg; d, second leg; e, female, 
third leg. Rami, right third thoracic legs, posterior view: f, female; g, male. 


_ 


110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


TaBLE 9.—Armature of thoracic legs I-IV of the male of Dinematura latifolia 
Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861 















































j 
Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg |Surface|; Inter-°| Protopodite 

podal 
Plate 1 2 3 i: 2 3 j 
| 
I} outer p mh,d | fm, 3fmH, H ¢ ec, P 
inner 2a, D ce 3P a 2P. j 
II | outer 2a, p c, {mH fm, mH fm, 3fmH c c Cok 
c | 
inner 3a, .b3ro8s.c cre Ce. c, 5P iP c, 2P c, 3P 
Ses ffir al Goa ae oy Gamera S| p phe le | cee  a, 2D e| eeegae ee RAL) aye pare 2 | ae ep pores | i 
III | outer a,c m, mH m, mH m, 3mH c c 2h 

Cc 

inner P, 3s, m, a c, P c, P c, 5P P,ec ce, 2P 3P* | 
IV | outer Dp fmH fm, 4fmH ec, rh | 
inner ¢c, Isss ce, pH c, 3P ips c, P; 2P-H;,p } 
( 








} 
j 
; 
| 
{ 
. 


*Wilson (1907b) figures only 2 plumose setae. 


of D. latifolia so that a comparison could be made of Japanese, Ha- 
wailan, Pacific Coast and Atlantic Coast specimens. The shape 
of the third pedigerous segment is the same in all specimens and corres- 
ponds to the description given above. The postantennular adhesion 
pads are similar in all specimens, the smaller of the two being cir- 
cular, not elliptical as stated by Wilson (1907b). The adhesion 





Figure 23.—Dinematura latifolia Steenstrup and Litken, 1861, fourth thoracic leg, anterior 
view: a, female, right leg; 5, male, left leg. 





PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS beh 


pads associated with the antennae are not as large in the Atlantic 
Coast specimens as they are on the Pacific specimens. The postoral 
adhesion pads, in all specimens, sre of a general ovoid shape. The 
only difference in the thoracic leg armature of the specimens is that 
the fourth leg exopodite has 5 small spines in the Japanese spec- 
imens and 8 in the Atlantic, Pacific Coast, and Hawaiian specimens. 
This difference does not appear significant inasmuch as most of the 
margin has numerous denticulations in all specimens and the differ- 
ence between a large denticle and a small spine or spinule is not very 
great. 


Demoleus heptapus (Otto, 1821) 
Figures 24a-d, 25a-g, 26a-—d 


Caligus heptapus Otto, 1821, p. 15. 

Caligus paradoxus Otto, 1828, p. 352, pl. 22, figs. 5-6. 

Binoculus sexsetaceus Nordmann, 1832, p. 32. 

Dinematura sexsetacea.— Burmeister, 1835, p. 331. 

Nogagus [paradoxus] Milne-Edwards, 1840, p. 460 (statement of affinity of C. 
paradozus Otto with the genus Nogagus, no new combination). 

Nogagus productus Gerstaecker, 1853 (in part), p. 64.—Wilson, 1907, p. 441. 

Nogagus paradoxus.—Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861, p. 369. 

Demoleus paradoxus.—Heller, 1865, p. 199, pl. 19, fig.8 —Carus, 1885, p. 361.— 
Pearson, 1905, p. 26.—Brian, 1906, p. 50.—Wilson, 1907b, p. 349.—Scott 
and Scott, 1913, p. 79, pl. 12, figs. 4-5. 

Demoleus heptapus.—Dollfus, 1943, p. 1, figs. 1-2. 


REPORTED HOST.—Hezanchus griseus. 

Distr1ButTion.—Cosmopolitan. 

Materiaut.—One ovigerous female (USNM 110814) collected by 
the Hawai Fish and Game Department from the external surface 
of a specimen of Hexanchus griseus? captured by longline in approx- 
imately 100 fathoms of water off Ala Moana, Oahu, Hawaii. 


MEASUREMENTS.—One ovigerous female: 
(mm.) 


Greatest length, excluding setae 13.86 
Greatest length of cephalothorax 5.04 
Greatest width of cephalothorax 4.90 
Greatest length of genital segment 7.14 
Greatest width of genital segment 3.71 
Greatest length of abdomen 0.84 
Greatest width of abdomen 1.33 
Greatest length of caudal rami, excluding setae 2.87 
Length of egg string 45.78 


DIAGNOSTIC DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Cephalothorax (fig. 24a) 
consisting of cephalic, maxilliped-bearing and first pedigerous seg- 
ments; frontal region narrow, extending ventrally more than hori- 
zontally. Posterolateral cephalothoracic regions extending posteri- 
orly well past median cephalothoracic region, to posterior end of 


1612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


free third pedigerous segment. Lateral cephalothoracic regions ex- 
tending ventrally, giving arched appearance to cephalothorax. Dor- 
sal cephalothoracic grooves distinct, extending posteriorly from in- 
dentation marking junction of lateral cephalothoracic margin and 
frontal region to posterior end of median cephalothoracic region. 


20mm. 





Figure 24.—Demoleus heptapus (Otto, 1821), female: a, dorsal view; b, free pedigerous 
segments, dorsal view; c, genital segment, abdomen, anal lamina, and caudal ramus, 
ventral view; d, fifth leg. 


Ocular region visible only after clearing of specimen, consisting of 
2 small, circular areas contiguous on median longitudinal axis of 
body, in anterior portion of cephalothorax. 

Second through fourth pedigerous segments (fig. 246) free, second 
more than twice as wide as long due to winglike lateral extensions 
bearing membranous border posteriorly. Third pedigerous segment 





ee eel a ae apm a Sn ee ee ee ee ee eee 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 113 


partially covered by second, slightly more than twice as wide as 
long, rounded posteriorly, without winglike extensions. Fourth pe- 
digerous segment with large, posteriorly bilobed ala covering anterior 
end of genital segment, sinus between lobes deep, similar to that of 
Dinematura latifolia. 

Genital segment (fig. 24c) distinct from fourth pedigerous segment, 
with 2 lobate posterior projections formed as extensions of pair of 
longitudinal swellings extending most of dorsal length of segment. 
Median posterior surface forming place of attachment of orbicular 
plate (sixth segment of Wilson, 1907b) extending posteriorly ventral 
to lobate posterior projections of segment. Fifth leg (fig. 24d) a 
minute, lobate projection from lateral ventral surface anterior to 
seminal receptacles, bearing 2 plumose setules. Abdomen (fig. 24c) 
1-segmented, attached to slight swelling on ventral surface of genital 
segment, just posterior to seminal receptacles (each receptacle bear- 
ing large club-shaped spermatophore). Caudal rami (fig. 24c) large, 
laminate, with 4 plumose setae from posterior margin in addition 
to 2 setules, 1 on either side of group of setae. 

Antennule (fig. 25a) 2-segmented, attached to lateral ventral 
cephalothoracic surface just posterior to division between cephalo- 
thorac and frontal region. First segment approximately one and two- 
thirds the length of second, slightly broader proximally than distally, 
appearing twisted so that anterior surface forms ventral surface 
distally, surface bearing approximately 22 setules and plumose setae. 
Second segment elongate, distal end with approximately 8 naked 
setules. Antenna (fig. 255) indistinctly 3-segmented, poorly devel- 
oped, attached medial and posterior to antennule base. First and 
second segments forming club-shaped structure, segments partially 
fused, division incomplete, visible at base of swollen distal end of 
club-shaped formation. Swollen end with irregular, narrow, platelike 
regions of heavy sclerotization that form adhesion surface. Third 
segment and terminal process claw-shaped. Mandible (figs. 25c, d) 
long, rodlike, articulating in plate-shaped region of heavy sclerotization 
closely associated with plate forming base of postoral process. Distal 
region of mandible not curved although slightly flattened, inner margin 
with 12 denticulations. Postantennular adhesion pad (fig. 25a) ir- 
regularly ovoid, with indistinct ridges. Postoral process (figs. 25¢e, e) 
elongate, lateral margins irregular, with small, 2-parted, conical sub- 
terminal process. Postoral adhesion (fig. 25e) pads elongate, situated 
at anterior medial end of region of heavy sclerotization associated with 
maxilla and maxilliped bases. Maxilla (fig. 25e) 2-segmented, first 
segment slightly longer than second and larger, second segment 
narrow proximally, flaring distally, distal end bearing 2 saber-shaped 
terminal processes and tuft of plumosities between processes. Inner 


114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





O.Smm. 0.5mm. 


Ficure 25.—Demoleus heptapus (Otto, 1821), female: a, left antennule and postantennular 
adhesion pad, ventral view; b, right antenna, ventral view; c, right postoral process 
(pop), part of mouth cone (mc), and mandible (m), ventral view; d, distal region of right 
mandible; ¢, mouth cone, right postoral process, postoral adhesion pad, and maxilla, 
ventral view; f, right maxilliped, ventral view; g, process between maxilliped bases (mxpd), 


ventral view. 








PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS P15 





Ficure 26.—Demoleus heptapus (Otto, 1821), female, right thoracic legs, anterior view: 
a, first leg; b, second leg; c, third leg; d, fourth leg. 


116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


terminal process longer than outer, with rows of very fine plumosities, 
outer terminal process with membranous borders. 

Maxilliped (fig. 25f) 2-segmented, complex, situated posterior to 
maxilla base. First segment irregular, lumpy, with heavily sclero- 
tized distal knob projecting past second segment and terminal process, 
receiving terminal process of second segment when segment flexed. 
Second segment and terminal process attached to posterior distal 
surface of first segment, segment distinct from distally rounded termi- 
nal process. Subtriangular process (fig. 25g) present between posterior 
ends of maxilliped bases, projecting ventrally and bearing adhesion 
surface distally. Process closely associated with maxilliped bases but 
not attached directly to them, similar to condition of sternal furca- 
bearing caligoids. 

Thoracic legs I-IV biramous, with 1-segmented protopodite and 
2-seemented rami. For nature of armature and legs see table 10 and 
figures 26a-—d. 


Tasie 10,—Armature of thoracic legs I-IV of the female of Demoleus heptapus 























(Otto, 1821) 
Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg | Surface || Interpodal Protopodite 
Plate 
1 2 1 2 
I outer s, fm, a, p H fm, 3H, Q Ce 
inner fm, p Cc c, 83P 2P 
II outer fm, p fm, H fm, 2h, mH, Q c ce; rhye3e 
fm 
inner 57 B. C.25,.1sss CAE c, 5P Pp c, 5P 
Ill outer p fm, h fm, 2h, H, mH, Q c ¢, ¢, 2P 
c 
inner 2a, p, c ce; P c; 5P P c, 4P 
IV outer fm, p fm, H 3mH, Q c c, 2P 
inner fm Cree: CA5e P c, 3P 





Nesippus crypturus Heller, 1865 
FicureEs 27a-e, 28a—g, 29a-f, 30a-d 


Nesippus crypturus Heller, 1865, p. 196, pl. 18, fig. 4—Bassett-Smith, 1899, p. 
459.— Wilson, 1907b, p. 425 (in key) ; 1935b, p. 3, pl. 1, figs. 11, 13, 14, pl. 3, figs. 
28-32. 

REPORTED HOST.—Sphyrna zygaenda. 
DistrRiBUTION.—Java, Puerto Rico. 
Marteriau.—Eleven ovigerous, 13 nonovigerous adult females and 

4 adult males (USNM 110815) collected by the Hawaii Fish and 





, 








PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 117 


Game Department from the nasal cavity of a specimen of Galeocerdo 
cuvier taken by longline at Maalaea Bay, Maui, Hawaii. 
MEASUREMENTS.—Twenty-four female specimens and four male 


specimens: 
female male 
mean (mm.) range (mm.) mean (mm.) range (mm.) 


Greatest length, excluding setae 6.53 5.46— 7.42 5.93 5.81-6.16 
Greatest length of cephalothorax 3.48 2.94— 3.85 3.01 2.94-3.08 
Greatest width of cephalothorax 3.61 3.15- 3.99 3.03 2.94-3.15 
Greatest length of genital 


segment 3.27 2.80— 3.85 1.40 1.33-1.47 
Greatest width of genital 

segment 2.79 2.38- 3.15 1.45 1.40-1.54 
Greatest length of abdomen 0.75 0.63- 0.91 0.33 0.28-0.35 
Length of egg strings 

(11 specimens) 17.79 10.71-24.50 - - 


DIAGNOSTIC DESCRIPTION.—Female cephalothorax (fig. 27a) con- 
sisting of cephalic, maxilliped-bearing and first pedigerous segments, 
frontal region narrow, projecting ventrally. Lateral cephalothoracic 
margins strongly convex, posterolateral regions projecting posteriorly 
and medially well past flatly convex posterior margin of median 
cephalothoracic region to posterior end of fourth pedigerous segment. 
Dorsal cephalothoracic grooves distinct, extending anteriorly from 
junction of lateral and median cephalothoracic regions, terminating 
in anterior region of cephalothorax, just posterior to grooves extending 
posteromedially from indentation at junction of lateral cephalo- 
thoracic margin and frontal region. Eyes distinct as 2 small, pig- 
mented regions contiguous on median longitudinal axis of body, 
between anterior terminations of major dorsal cephalothoracic grooves. 
Male cephalothorax (fig. 275) consisting of cephalic, maxilliped-bearing 
and first pedigerous segments, frontal region narrow (as stated by 
Wilson, 1907b, but not as figured), not directed ventrally as in female. 
Lateral margins convex, posterolateral regions extending well past 
posterior median cephalothoracic region to posterior region of third 
pedigerous segment, with membrane along inner margin of extensions. 
Dorsal cephalothoracic grooves and ocular region as in female. 

Second through fouth pedigerous segments of female (fig. 27a) free, 
second broad, with winglike lateral extensions bearing large, oval pad 
distally. Third pedigerous segment narrow, broader anteriorly than 
posteriorly. Fourth pedigerous segment slender, with pair of small 
alae laterally. Second through fourth pedigerous segments of male 
(fig. 276) free, division between second and third evidenced only by 
indistinct line, second segment with small, lateral, membrane-margined 
extensions similar to posterior extensions of lateral cephalothoracic 
regions and, with anterolateral margin of third pedigerous segment, 
forming sinus. Fourth pedigerous segment broader than long, dis- 


118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


10mm. 2 








ae 
10mm. & O2 mae, 


Figure 27.—Nesippus crypturus Heller, 1865: a, female, dorsal view; b, male, dorsal view; 
c, female, fourth pedigerous segment, genital segment, abdomen, and caudal ramus, 
ventral view; d, male, fourth pedigerous segment, genital segment, abdomen, and caudal 
ramus, ventral view; e, male, fifth leg, ventral view. 








PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 119 


tinctly separated from third pedigerous segment and genital segment. 

Female genital segment (fig. 27c) large, appearing swollen. Pos- 
terior end of segment wider than anterior, lateral margins flatly 
convex, posterior region bilobed, sinus between lobes narrow and 
deep. Male genital segment (fig. 27d) narrower anteriorly than 
posteriorly, lateral margins flatly convex, posterior with pair of lobes, 
just lateral to junction of abdomen and genital segment. Fifth legs 
(fig. 27e) small, lobate projecting just anterior to genital segment 
lobe, projection bearing triangular spinule and single, naked setule; 
sixth legs not visible. 

Female abdomen (fig. 27c) 1-segmented, attached to ventral surface 
of genital segment just anterior to apex of posterior sinus, covered by 
genital seyment lobes. Abdomen slightly wider anteriorly than pos- 
teriorly, lateral margins flatly convex, posterior margin flat except 
for anal indentation. Caudal rami lobate, projecting to posterior 
end of genital segment, with 6 naked, spike-like setules from distal and 
distal inner-lateral margin. Male abdomen (fig. 27d) 1-segmented, 
distinctly divided from genital segment ventrally, indistinctly dorsally. 
Segment widest medially, tapered anteriorly and posteriorly. Caudal 
rami similar in shape to those of female, with 4 plumose setae on 
medial distal surface, 1 naked setule at each lateral posterior corner. 

Female and male antennule (figs. 28a—c) 2-segmented, situated on 
lateral ventral cephalothoracic surface, at division between frontal 
region and cephalothorax. First segment almost twice the length of 
second, broader distally than proximally, with approximately 16 naked 
or lightly plumose setules from distal third of posterior and ventral 
surfaces. Second segment club-shaped, with approximately 9 naked 
setules distally, additional naked setule on distal posterolateral surface. 
Female and male antenna (figs. 28a, 6, d) 3-segmented, attached 
medial to antennule base. First segment slightly larger than second, 
both irregular in outline. Length of third segment and terminal 
process slightly less than combined lengths of first 2 segments, third 
segment tapered to sharply rounded proximal end; division between 
third segment and terminal process distinct, slightly moreso in male 
than in female, terminal process strongly curved and clawlike. Two 
setule-like accessory processes present, 1 from middle of segment 
second from junction of segment and terminal process. 

Female and male mandible (figs. 28e, f) rodlike, curved inwards 
very slightly distally, inner margin of distal region with approxi- 
mately 12 denticulations. Immediately posterior and lateral to 
antennule base of both male and female specimens is a single, spike- 
shaped process comparable, in position only, to postantennular ad- 
hesion pads of Pandarus and comparable, in shape only, to post- 
antennal process of caligids. Female and male postoral process 


120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





0.5mm? o 


Ficure 28.—Nesippus crypturus Heller, 1865: a, female, anterior cephalothoracic region, 
ventral view; b, male, anterior cephalothoracic region, ventral view; c, right antennule, 
ventral view; d, left antenna, ventral view; ¢, female, mouth cone base, mandible, and 
postoral process, ventral view; f, male, mouth cone base, mandible, and postoral process, 
ventral view; g, right maxilla, posterior view. 


——— ee ee eee See om 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 121 


(figs. 28e, f) consisting of pad, immediately lateral to mouth cone, 
with pair of minute setules in female and subtriangular projection in 
male. Postoral process attached to platelike area of heavy scleroti- 
zation contiguous but not continuous with platelike area forming 
articulation surface for mandible. Female and male postoral ad- 
hesion pads (figs. 28a, 6) lappet-like, heavily sclerotized, situated 
posterior and slightly lateral to postoral process. 

Female and male maxilla (fig. 28g) 2-segmented, situated just 
lateral to postoral adhesion pads. First segment approximately one 
and one-half times the length of second, second segment slender, 
distal region with 1 short and 1 long, membrane-margined, saber- 
shaped process in addition to plumose, knob-shaped projection. 

Female maxilliped (fig. 29a) 2-segmented, first segment appearing 
2-parted and strongly developed. Proximal part broader distally 
than proximally, distal part large, knob-shaped, at right angles to 
first part, with adhesion pad distally; both parts connected, without 
segmental division separating them. Second segment short, irreg- 
war, situated on distal surface of knob-shaped distal part of first 
segment and bearing single, clawlike terminal process. Male max- 
iliped (fig. 29b) also with 2-parted first segment although second 
part in line with first, bearing 2 adhesion pads and spike-shaped 
protrusion. Second segment with distal end of clawlike terminal 
process denticulated. Single, setule-like accessory process at dis- 
tinct division between segment and terminal process. 

Thoracic legs I-IV biramous, first 3 with 2-segmented rami, fourth 
with 1-segmented although slight indication of segmentation present 
in male endopodite as indistinct line. For nature of armature and 
legs see tables 11-12 and figures 29c-f, 30a-d. 

Remarks.—The armature of the male thoracic legs differs from 
that given by Wilson (1935) although the presence of a copulating 
pair in the collection suggests that the male and female specimens 
are of the same species. Further, an examination of the males of 
Wilson’s collection (USNM 64057) verified the identification of the 
male and indicated that the thoracic leg armature in table 12 is cor- 
rect for the male of the species. Some variation is present, both in 
Wilson’s collection and in the Hawaiian collection, especially in the 
shape of the posterior end of the male genital segment and the size 
of the postoral adhesion pads. The nature of the body and the 
appendages, especially the thoracic legs, indicates however, that the 
specimens in both collections are conspecific. 


782-215—66——5 


122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





fet 
0.3mm. & 





Ficure 29.—Nesippus crypturus Heller, 1865. Right maxilliped: a, female, posteroventral 
view; b, male, anterior view. Right thoracic legs, anterior view: c, female, first leg;d, 
male, first leg; e¢, female, second leg; f, male, second legs 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 123 


TABLE 11.—Armature of thoracic legs I-IV of the female of Nesippus crypturus 
Heller, 1865 





Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg Surface Interpodal Protopodite 
Plate 
1 2 1 2 
eo sss Oe eS eee eee eee —SSSSS=== 
I outer 8, Dp H d, 4H 
inner p c ce, 3h 3h 
Il outer d, p’ d, H d, 4H 4h 
d 
inner h h ec, 5h h 3h 
III outer 2s,d, D m, H m, 4H 2h 
inner h,s c,h 4h h 2h 
IV outer p’ d, 4H 


TABLE 12.—Armature of thoracic legs I-IV of the male of Nesippus erypturus 
Heller, 1865 


Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg Surface Inter- |Protopodite 
podal 
Plate 1 2 1 2 
I outer 1ssss, D mH d, 4mH c, 2P 
inner p c c, 3P ec, P 
II outer 6.05.D d, ec, mH d, H, 3mH, 2P c c, 5P 
inner 2ss, P, Iss ce, P ¢c, 3P le Cree 
Ill outer d,p s,m, H m, 4H ce ¢, B; 2P 
inner 2sE 8 ¢, P c, 4P Ee CaZE, 
IV outer p m, d, mh, m, 2h, H c 
inner p’ ce, 3P c, P, ¢, 3P 
Family Trebiidae 


Trebius caudatus Kr¢gyer, 1838 


Fiaures 3la-d, 32a-f 


Trebius caudatus Kr¢yer, 1838, p. 30, pl. 1, fig. 4—Milne-Edwards, 1840, p. 458.— 
Thompson, 1847, p. 248.—White, 1857, pp. 121, 317.—Kr¢yer, 1863, p. 149, 
pl. 10, fig. la-k.—Norman, 1869, p. 300.—Stossich, 1880, p. 257.—Valle, 
1880, p. 60.—Carus, 1885, p. 360.—Bassett-Smith, 1896, p. 158; 1899, 
p. 461.—Scott, T. 1900, p. 155, pl. 6, figs. 20-26.—Thompson and Scott, 
1900, p. 143.—Brian, 1902, p. 33.—Pearson, 1905, p. 26.—Wilson, 1907a, 
p. 681, pl. 15, figs. 11-13; pl. 16, figs. 14-22.— Gurney, 1934, p. 192, figs. 18- 
21.—Sproston and Hartley, 1941, p. 393.—Barnard, 1955, p. 255, figs. 
13b-f.—Nunes-Ruivo, 1956, p. 16. 


124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


REPORTED Hosts.—Squalus acanthias, S. fernandinis, Dasyatis cen- 
troura, Raja batis, R. marginata. 

DistrrpuTIon.—Cosmopolitan (not reported from South Pacific). 

MarertAu.—Nine ovigerous females (USNM 110816) collected from 
the external surface of a “large sting ray’ (probably Aetobatus nari- 
narz) at Coconut Island, Oahu, Hawaii. 





0.5mm. 2 0.5mm. 


Ficure 30.—Nesippus crypturus Heller, 1865, right thoracic legs: a, female, third leg, 
anterior view; b, male, third leg, anterior view; c, female, fourth leg, posterior view; d, 
male, fourth leg, anterior view. 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 125 


MEASUREMENTS.—Nine female specimens: 


mean (mm.) range (mm.) 
Greatest length, excluding setae 7.59 7.00-8.45 
Greatest length of cephalothorax 2.33 2.15-2.55 
Greatest width of cephalothorax 2.39 2.20-2.45 
Greatest length of fourth pedigerous segment 0.67 0.55-0.75 
Greatest width of fourth pedigerous segment 0.71 0.40—0.80 
Greatest length of genital segment 1.48 1.35-1.60 
Greatest width of genital segment ite 2a 1.05-1.50 
Greatest length of abdomen 2.79 2.40-3.45 
Greatest width of abdomen 0.43 0.40—-0.45 
Length of egg strings 2.41 1.55-3.10 


DIAGNOSTIC DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Cephalothorax (figs. 31 a, b) 
suborbicular, consisting of cephalic, maxilliped-bearing and first 2 
pedigerous segments. Frontal region broad, with narrow membrane 
on anterior margin; lateral cephalothoracic margins convex, bcrdered 
by narrow membrane. Posterior end of lateral cephalothoracic re- 
gions sharply curved, inner margin free at distal end of region, attached 
to lateral margin of second pedigerous segment for most of its length, 
line of division between second pedigerous segment and rest of cepha- 
lothorax convex. Major dorsal cephalothoracic grooves extending 
anteriorly and slightly laterally from division between second pe- 
digerous segment and rest of cephalothorax, terminating in anterior 
third of cephalothorax. Several short grooves present, projecting 
medially from irregularities of lateral cephalothoracic margins. 
Groove separating second pedigerous segment forming, with major 
dorsal cephalothoracic grooves, irregular H, similar to that of caligids. 
Second pedigerous segment broad, width more than twice the length, 
lateral regions projecting laterally and curving posteriorly, with 
membrane on inner margin of posteriorly curved portion (fig. 310). 
Inner margin of segment forming, with outer margin of free third 
pedigerous segment, distinct sinus. 

Third and fourth pedigerous segments (fig. 316) free, width of third 
more than 38 times the length, separated from second pedigerous 
segment by flatly convex line of division dorsally. Lateral surfaces 
of segment irregular dorsally, forming, knob-shaped structure ven- 
trally, similar to that found in Dinematura latifolia. Fourth pedig- 
erous segment distinct from third, swollen at region of fourth leg 
attachment. Division between fourth pedigerous and genital seg- 
ments incomplete, visible on ventral and lateral surfaces but not on 
dorsal surface. 

Genital segment (fig. 11c) variable in shape, dependent upon egg 
content, broader posteriorly than anteriorly, anterior region forming 
posterior portion of necklike connection between fourth pedigerous 
and genital segments. Lateral posterior margin of segment with 3 


126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 








Ficure 31.—Trebius caudatus Krdyer, 1838, female: a, dorsal view; b, posterior cephalo- 
thoracic region, third and fourth pedigerous segments, dorsal view (II-[V=2nd-4th 
pedigerous segments); ¢, genital segment, ventral view; d, right antennule, ventral view; 
e, right antennule base, antenna, postantennal process, mandible, postoral process, and 
maxilla base (max), ventral view. 





— all — SS = 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS L24 


spikelike processes dorsally, 1 ventrally, processes adjacent to ovid- 
ucal opening. Fifth thoracic leg (presumably) a plumose setule in 
posterior third of genital segment, arising from swollen lateral ventral 
surface. Sixth leg (presumably) a nodule bearing 3 plumose setules, 
situated lateral and just anterior to oviducal opening. Ventral sur- 
face of genital segment with numerous minute, clawlike processes on 
lateral ventral surface in anterior half in addition to numerous minute, 
hairlike processes over most of ventral surface. 

Abdomen (fig. 31a) elongate, 2-segmented, first segment slightly 
shorter than second, second segment swollen posteriorly and, in some 
specimens, with indistinct, incomplete line at anterior end of swelling 
that suggests a 3-segmented condition as described by Wilson (1907a). 
Abdomen distinct from genital segment dorsally, fused ventrally; 
posterior end of second segment angled to anal indentation. Caudal 
rami longer than wide, lateral margins almost parallel except at 
anterior and posterior ends; inner margin plumose, posterior margin 
irregular, posterior surface bearing 2 long, plumose setae medially, 2 
short setae from outer lateral surface and 1 minute setule from inner 
surface. Both abdomen and caudal rami with numerous minute, 
hairlike projections. 

Antennule (figs. 31d, ¢) 2-segmented, attached to lateral-antero- 
ventral cephalothoracic surface. Second segment slightly less than 
three-fourths the length of first, first broader proximally than distally, 
with ridge along most of ventral surface bearing approximately 19 
plumose setae. Second segment elongate, slightly narrower prox- 
imally than distally, bearing single naked setule from middle of 
posterior surface, 10 naked setules from distal surface. Antenna 
(fig. 3le) 3-segmented, attached posterior and medial to antennule 
base. First and second segments short, irregular, combined lengths 
approximately one-third the length of third segment and terminal 
process; first segment with small, conical process bearing minute 
plumosites. Third segment and terminal process fused, forming long, 
claw-shaped structure, with 2 setule-like accessory processes, prox- 
imalmost appearing finely plumose. Mandible (fig. 31e) rod-shaped, 
slightly swollen proximal end articulating in platelike region of heavy 
sclerotization. Distal end of mandible flattened, curved medially, 
inner margin with 12 denticulations. Postantennal process (fig. 31e) 
long and clawlike, situated lateral to antenna base and posterior and 
lateral to antennule base, without process-bearing nodules present on 
euryphorids and caligids. Postoral process (fig. 3le) 2-parted, ap- 
pearing to originate from platelike area of hairy sclerotization forming 
articulation surface for mandible. Posterior part of process elongate, 
bifurcate distally, outer tine longer than inner; anterior part a nodule 
bearing single, naked setule. Maxilla 2-segmented, situated posterior 


128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 








Ficure 32.—Trebius caudatus Kréyer, 1838, female. Postoral process, maxilla, maxilliped, 
sternal furca: a, ventral view. Right thoracic legs: 8, first leg, anterior view; c, distal region 
of second segment of exopodite of first leg, anterior view; d, second leg, posterior view; 
é, third leg, posterior view; f, fourth leg, anterior view. 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 129 


and lateral to postoral process. First and second segments of ap- 
proximately equal length, first more strongly developed, with 
tapered and curved proximal end forming articulation and muscle 
attachment surface; second segment elongate, narrower proximally 
than distally, with pair of saber-shaped terminal processes, inner 
approximately twice the length of outer, with pair of fine, filmy 
membranes, outer terminal process with fuzzy membrane along inner 
and outer lateral margins. 

Ventral surface of cephalothorax with several irregularities, 2 of 
notable value. First a lobate projection (fig. 31e) of heavily sclerot- 
ized ridge extending laterally from base of antenna. Second a pair 
of minute, subtriangular projections (fig. 32a) between maxilla bases 
and just anterior and medial to maxilliped bases, in region of postoral 
adhesion pads found in pandarids, euryphorids and some caligids. 


TABLE 13.—Armature of thoracic legs I-IV of the female of Trebius caudatus 
Krdyer, 1838 





Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg Surface || Interpodal| Pro- 
Plate topo- 
dite 1 2 3 1 2 3 
I outer p h 3dmH Crk 
inner p c c, 4P es 
101 outer m,p |m,fmH | m, fmH m, fmH, 3P c c c, 3P 
m 
inner P,m c, P c, P c, 8P iP c, 2P 3P 
eo outer m,p ce, fmH fm,fmH | fm, 3fmH, 2P c e c, rh, 2P 
inner P,m Cle, c, Pe c, 3P iP ¢,'2e c, 2P 
Ve outer c,p | 5s,fmH | fm, fmH fm, 8fmH c ( eth, 
inner fm Cpe Cre c, 4P ie c, 2P c, 2P 





*Small, hairlike spicules on protopodite and exopodite not included. 


Maxilliped (fig. 32a) 2-segmented, situated posterior and medial 
to maxilla base. First segment longer than second, with spikelike 
projection from posteroproximal surface. Second segment slender, 
tapered slightly from proximal to distal regions, with small, clawlike 
terminal process distinct from segment, also with setule-like acces- 
sory processes adjacent to terminal process. Sternal furca (fig. 32a) 
large, situated between and slightly posterior to maxilliped bases, 
consisting of anteriorly rounded, heavily sclerotized plate bearing 
pair of slightly diverging tines, tines approximately one and one- 
fourth times the length of plate. 

Thoracic legs I-IV biramous, protopodite 1-segmented, rami of 
first lez 2-segmented, of others 3-segmented. For nature of armature 
and legs see table 13 and figures 32b-f. 


130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


Family Euryphoridae 


Alebion echinatus Capart, 1953 
Friaures 33a-c, 34a—e, 35a-g 


Alebion enchinatus Capart, 1953, p. 655, fig. 4.—Shiino, 1955a, p. 177, figs. 
1-3.—Vaissiére, 1959, p. 544, fig. 5. 


REpPorTED HOsTs.—Sphyrna diplana, S. zygaena. 

Distripution.—Gulf of Sénégal, Japan. 

MatTeEri1Au.—One nonovigerous adult female (USNM 110817) col- 
lected by the author from the external surface of a specimen of Galeo- 
cerdo cuvier collected by Lester Zukeran in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, 
Hawaii. Two ovogerous and 1 nonovigerous adult females (USNM 
110818) collected by the author from the external surface of a speci- 
men of Sphyrna lewini collected by Lester Zukeran in Kanoehe Bay, 
Oahu, Hawaii. 


MBEAsuREMENTS.—F our female specimens: 


mean (mm.) range (mm.) 

Greatest length, excluding setae 15.16 14.35-15.89 
Greatest length of cephalothorax 8.03 7.49- 8.54 
Greatest width of cephalothorax excluding 

marginal flange 9.03 8.75— 9.24 
Greatest length of genital segment excluding 

posterior processes 4.87 4.48— 5.25 
Greatest width of genital segment 5.76 5.53-— 6.09 
Greatest length of genital segment processes 2.94 2.87— 3.01 
Greatest length of abdomen 1.58 1.33— 1.75 
Length of egg strings (2 specimens) 20.65, 21.00 


DIAGNOSTIC DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Cephalothorax (fig. 33a) 
suborbicular, consisting of cephalic, maxilliped-bearing and _ first 
three pedigerous segments. Frontal region distinct, with very 
narrow, membranous flange projecting posteriorly from ventral- 
lateral anterior surface; lateral cephalothoracic margins with sharp 
indentation anteriorly, at junction with groove separating frontal 
region from rest of cephalothorax. Lateral cephalothoracic margins 
with membranous flange extending posteriorly, around posterior ex- 
tensions of lateral cephalothoracic regions, terminating at beginning 
of U-shaped posterior sinuses. Posterior sinuses each with heavily 
sclerotized ridge along most of outer lateral margin, also with 2 mem- 
branes, 1 extending posteriorly from outer posterior end of each sinus, 
second extending along outer lateral margin (fig. 33b). Posterior 
end of median cephalothoracic region with 10 poorly sclerotized 
spinules and pair of small, platelike projections dorsally, just medial 
to spinules, projections covering lateral regions of short, necklike 
extension joining free fourth pedigerous segment with cephalothorax. 








PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS lat 


Dorsal cephalothoracic grooves distinct, forming irregular H, cross 
groove of H in posterior half of cephalothorax, joined to anterior 
longitudinal grooves at anterior end of sclerotized ridge projecting 
anteriorly from posterior sinus. Anterior longitudinal grooves 


Ge foo 


x - 
f 






et ss 


2.0mm. 


Ficure 33.—Alebion echinatus Capart, 1953, female: a, dorsal view; b, region of cephalo- 
thoracic sinus, dorsal view; ¢, fourth pedigerous segment, genital segment, abdomen, 
and caudal ramus, ventral view. 


ha2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


wavy, extending to ocular region, terminating in close proximity 
to small grooves proceeding posteriorly from indentation of lateral 
cephalothoracic margin. Eyes distinct, small, with small orbicular 
crystalline body at outer edge of suborbicular region of dark pig- 
ment, pigmented region contiguous on median longitudinal axis of 
cephalothorax. 

Free fourth pedigerous segment (fig. 33c) narrow, slightly more 
than one-fifth the width of cephalothorax, distinct from genital seg- 
ment and cephalothorax. Segment with posteriorly bilobed ala over- 
lapping anterior region of genital segment dorsally, sinus between 
lobes, deep, enlarged at apex. 

Genital segment (fig. 83c) broader anteriorly than medially, with 
2 winglike expansions posteriorly. Median posterior surface forming 
broadly U-shaped sinus dorsally, with 2 spinules from middle of sinus 
apex. Lateral posterior surfaces, medial to wing-shaped expansions, 
rounded, overlapping posterior processes, with 6 clawlike marginal 
spinules. Segment with pair of heavily sclerotized processes pos- 
teriorly, processes projecting well past caudal rami, with spine-bearing 
ridge on inner dorsal surface. Distal end of processes spined on outer 
and inner margins. Ventral surface of genital segment with lyre- 
shaped process directed ventrally and anteriorly from origin in pos- 
oe region of segment. Shino (1955a, p. 179) terms this structure 

‘a pair of horn-like spermatophores ... .” 

Abdomen (fig. 33c) termed oieenenced by Capart (1953) and 
Shiino (1955a) although segment division indistinct and incomplete. 
Abdomen arising in apex of posterior sinus of genital segment, from 
posterior end of short, necklike extension of genital segment. First 
segment, excluding winglike projections, 3 times as wide as long, 
winglike extensions directed posteriorly, curving around and covering 
lateral regions of second segment. Second segment slightly narrower 
than first, length approximately five-eighths the width, lateral regions 
convex, posterior end with distinct, concave anal depression. Caudal 
rami (fig. 34¢) flattened except for small, heavily sclerotized ridge 
along proximal inner surface. Lateral margins flatly convex, mner 
lightly plumose distally, posterior surface irregular, with 4 plumose 
setae, 1 plumose setule and 1 bluntly pointed spicule. 

Antennule (fig. 34a) 2-segmented, first segment approximately five 
times the length of second, broad and flattened, distal third broadly 
rounded although margin slightly wavy, bearing 20 subconical plumose 
setules and 2 more elongate plumose setules. Second antennular 
segment club-shaped, with 10 naked setules distally. Antenna (fig. 
346) 3-segmented, situated posterior and medial to antennule base; 
first segment broader proximally than distally, with knob on proximal- 
outer lateral surface, second segment narrow proximally, broad 





PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 133 





0.5rnm. 0.3mm, 


Ficure 34.—Alebion echinatus Capart, 1953, female: a, right antennule, ventral view; b, 
right postantennal process, antenna, and postoral process, ventral view; ¢, right mandible, 
anterior view; d, right maxilla and maxilliped, ventral view (pop=postoral process); ¢, 
left caudal ramus, dorsal view. 


134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





O.3mm. Oimm. 

Figure 35.—Alebion echinatus Capart, 1953, female, right thoracic legs: a, first leg, an- 
terior view; b, second leg, anterior view; ¢, process on second segment of protopodite 
of second leg; d, third leg, posterior view; ¢, third leg, anterior view of protopodite 
and endopodite; f, third leg, posterior view of exopodite; g, fourth leg. 





PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 135 


medially and sharply curved so that distal surface at right angles to 
proximal. Third segment and terminal process continuous, forming 
strongly developed, heavily sclerotized claw bearing 2 small accessory 
processes; first process a spinule from knob in proximal region, second 
a slender setule from middle of combined segment and terminal 
process. Mandible (fig. 34c) 4-parted, distal part short, curved in- 
ward slightly, with 12 minute denticulations along inner surface. 
Postantennal process (fig. 34b) a suborbicular adhesion pad and 3 
nodules, each bearing several hairlike processes, pad situated lateral 
to base of antenna. Postoral process (fig. 345) situated lateral to 


TaBLE 14.—Armature of thoracic legs I-IV of the female of Alebion echinatus 
Capart, 1958 


Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg Surface Interpodal | Protopodite 
Plate 
1 2 3 1 2 3 
I outer p, lsss rh H, mH’ e 
inner p c 3P, p, h 3P,¢ 
II outer m,p m, mf mH mH, 2P c G ec, 3P 
m 
inner P, b*,m c, P (pd 2 c, 4P ir c, 2P 3P 
iil outer** s,a,m, p 5, k: C, mH C, 2mH, H Cc Cc 2P 
m 
inner** P, m4b* c, P CG. c, 5P c, 2P 2P 
IV outer 3p*** 


* aioe membranous process presumably modified from hairlike processes normal to members of 
** Only marginal armature included. 

*** The origin of the armature elements is presumed to be the exopodite. 

mouth cone, consisting of 2 parts. Posteriormost part a broad, 
heavily sclerotized, subtriangular projection, anterior part a node 
bearing 2 slight swellings distally, each with flabby, setule-like process. 
Maxilla (fig. 34d) 2-segmented, situated posterior and lateral to post- 
oral process, both segments of about equal length although first more 
strongly developed, broader proximally than distally. Second seg- 
ment narrow proximally, broader distally, with row of spinules on 
posterior distal surface, long, whiplike terminal process with frilled 
margins and short, dagger-like terminal process, also with frilled 
margins. 

Maxilliped (fig. 34d) 2-segmented, situated posterior and medial 
to maxilla base. First segment strongly developed, slightly less than 
twice the length of second segment and terminal process, with narrow 
proximal end, small concavity of inner medial surface, and small, 
knoblike adhesion process just distal to concavity. Second segment 
short and chunky, divided, by regions of sclerotization, from bifurcate 


136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


terminal process and bearing either naked or very lightly plumose 
spinelike accessory process on inner surface, proximal to terminal 
process. 

Thoracic legs I-III biramous, leg IV uniramous and poorly de- 
veloped. For nature of armature and legs, see table 14 and figure 35. 


Alebion gracilis Wilson, 1905 


Fieures 36a-c, 37a—-d, 38a-e 


Alebion gracilis Wilson, 1905a,4 p. 128; 1907a, p. 704, pl. 18, figs. 35-48; 
1932, p. 420, fig. 264.—Shiino, 1959a, p. 316, figs. 19-21. 

REPORTED Hosts.—Mustelus canis, Carcharias taurus, Carcharhinus 
obscurus, Carcharhinus platyrhynchus, Carcharhinus lamiella, Squalus 
acanthias, ‘‘Trygon”’ species, Pollachius virens, “Bonito.” 

Distripution.—Revillagigedo Islands, Woods Hole Region. (Wil- 
son, 1907a lists the cotypes as coming from Clarion Island, a member 
of the Revillagigedo Islands.) 

Materiau.—Three ovigerous and 2 nonovigerous adult females 
(USNM 110819) collected by Susumo Kato from the external sur- 
face of several specimens of sharks (no identification made) captured 
by longline off Oahu, Hawaii. 


MEASUREMENTS.—Five female specimens: 
mean (mm.) range (mm.) 


Greatest length 9.66 9.31-10.01 
Greatest length of cephalothorax 4,72 4.55— 4.83 
Greatest width of cephalothorax, excluding 

marginal flanges 4.65 4.41— 4.90 
Greatest length of genital segment, excluding 

posterior processes 2.66 2.45-— 3.01 
Greatest width of genital segment 2.73 2.66— 2.80 
Greatest length of genital segment processes 1.60 1.54— 1.68 
Greatest length of abdomen 1.12 1.05— 1.26 
Egg string length (3 specimens) 5.72 4.55- 7.00 


DIAGNOSTIC DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Cephalothorax (fig. 36a) 
ovoid, consisting of cephalic, maxilliped-bearing and first 3 pedig- 
erous segments. Frontal region distinct, with narrow membranous 
flange projecting posteriorly from anteroventral surface, lateral 
cephalothoracic margins with distinct indentation at anterior end, 
with narrow membranous flange extending along most of margin and 
around broadly curved posterolateral cephalothoracie region, ter- 
minating at beginning of U-shaped posterior sinus. Posterior sinus 
with 2 membranes, 1 extending posteriorly from outer posterior end 
of sinus, second extending along outer lateral margin. Posterior end 
of median cephalothoracic region with 8 spines. Major dorsal 


4'The author used the name A. gracile but, in 1907a, corrected the improper 
latinization of the term to A. gracilis. 





| 
; 
| 
| 





PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 137 


cephalothoracic grooves forming irregular H, cross groove in pos- 
terior third of cephalothorax; anterior longitudinal grooves extending 
anteriorly, in irregular manner, to ocular region, turning laterally 
abruptly and terminating at indentation of anterior lateral cephalo- 
thoracic margin. Eyes distinct, with two small orbicular crystalline 
body at outer edge of regions of dark pigmentation, pigmented regions 
contiguous on median longitudinal axis of body. 





1.0mm. 





Ficure 36.—Alebion gracilis Wilson, 1905, female: a, dorsal view; b, posterior cephalotho- 
racic region and fourth pedigerous segment, dorsal view; c, fourth pedigerous segment, 
genital segment, abdomen, and caudal ramus, ventral view. 


Free fourth pedigerous segment (figs. 36), c) narrow, slightly less 
than one-fourth the width of cephalothorax, distinct from cephalo- 
thorax and genital segment, attached to short, necklike extension of 
median cephalothoracic region. Segment with pair of alae pro- 
jecting posteriorly from dorsal surface, covering anterior end of 
genital segment. Wilson (1932) indicates that the distal ends of the 
alae are squarely truncated. The inner margins of the alae are 
basically flat, giving the form figured by Wilson (1907a, 1932) but 
the distal ends are sharply rounded, not truncated. 

Genital seement (fig. 38¢) of general heart-shape with posterior end 
forming sinus. Anterior lateral margins with row of spinules. Pair 

782-215-666 


138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


of long, subconical projections extending from posterolateral surfaces, 
projecting posteriorly well past caudal rami, with heavily sclerotized, 
spinule-bearing ridge extending along dorsal surface of process, con- 
tinuing, without spinules, along margin of medial posterior end of 
genital segment. Outer margin of process usually with some spinules 
although number variable, from the more heavily spined condition 
shown in figures 36a, c to a condition in which there are few or, in one 
specimen, no spinules along the medial outer margin. Posterior end 
of process sharply rounded, with cluster of 4 spinules, somewhat 
larger than those along outer margin. 

Abdomen (fig. 386¢) 2-segmented although fusion of segments 
evident, attached to posterior surface of genital segment, at apex of 
median depression. First segment approximately equal to length of 
second, with pair of long, lobate extensions projecting laterally then 
curving posteriorly and extending to end of abdomen, projections 
with spinules scattered over dorsal surface and margin (not mentioned 
by either Wilson or Shino). Second segment widest medially, 
lateral margins convex, posterior angled to anal indentation. Caudal 
rami slightly less than twice as long as wide, narrower proximally 
than medially, slightly tapered to distal end, bearing 4 plumose setae 
and 2 setules, 2 of the setae originating from small, knoblike pro- 
jection of medial distal surface. 

Antennule (fig. 37a) 2-segmented, first segment slightly less than 
3 times the length of second, narrow proximally, broadest medially, 
slightly narrower distally, anteroventral and distal-ventral surface 
with approximately 19 naked or very lightly plumose setules. Second 
segment club shaped, with 8 naked setules distally. Antenna (fig. 
37b) situated posterior and medial to antennule base, appearing 
4-seomented although nature of musculature (partially shown in fig. 
37b) suggests either secondary division (or incomplete fusion) of 
proximal 2 parts or that first part a projection of cephalothorax. 
Penultimate segment large, oval; distal segment and terminal process 
slightly shorter than penultimate, segment not distinct from distally 
curved terminal process. Accessory processes 2 in number, 1 long, 
setule-like process arising from middle of fused segment and terminal 
process, second short and knoblike, situated at proximal end of 
segment. 

Mandible (fig. 376) rodlike, appearing 4-parted, distal part bluntly 
rounded distally, inner margin with 12 denticulations. Postantennal 
process (fig. 37), ‘‘pap’’) a small adhesion pad lateral and slightly 
posterior to antenna base, with 3 nodules, bearing hairlike projections, 
just medial to pad. Postoral process (fig. 37b) 2-parted, posterior 
part a broad, padlike structure with narrow membrane along distal 
surface, anterior part a node bearing 3 projections, each with single 











PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 139 


setule. Heavily sclerotized regions underlying both mandible and 
postoral process not appearing continuous. Pair of small, postoral 
adhesion pads (fig. 37¢) present just posterior to postoral process, 
between and slightly posterior to maxilla bases. 

Maxilla (fig. 37¢) 2-segmented, situated just posterior and lateral to 
postoral process. First segment slightly more than two-thirds the 





2 aur cee OS 
eC 


Ficure 37.—Alebion gracilis Wilson, 1905, female, ventral view: a, right antennule; , 
left antenna, postantennal process (pap), mouth cone (mc), mandible, and postoral pro- 
cess; c, left postoral process (pop), maxilla, and maxilliped base (mxpd); d, left maxilla 
base (max) and maxilliped. 





140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


length of second, with small, knoblike projection proximally, forming 
articulation and muscle attachment surface. Second segment elon- 
gate, narrower proximally than medially, tapered to narrow distal end, 
with small membrane arising from middle of segment and 2 saber- 
shaped terminal processes from distal end. Innermost terminal process 





Ficure 38.— Alebion gracilis Wilson, 1905, female, right thoracic legs: a, first leg, anterio1 
view; b, second leg, anterior view; ¢, third leg, posterior view; d, third leg, anterior view: 
é, fourth leg, anterior view. 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 141 


almost twice the length of outer, with fine membranous margin along 
inner surface, outer process with frilled membrane along outer and 
inner surface. 

Maxilliped (fig. 37d) 2-segmented, situated immediately posterior 
and medial to maxilla base. First segment approximately 3 times the 
length of second, tapered to sharply rounded articulation and muscle 
attachment surface proximally, widest medially, with small, knoblike 
protrusion on distal outer surface. Second segment and terminal 
process claw shaped, terminal process bluntly pointed distally; acces- 
sory process setule-like, located at indistinct division between segment 
and terminal process. 

Thoracic legs I-III biramous and well developed, thoracic leg IV 
uniramous and poorly developed. For the nature of the armature and 
the legs, see table 15 and figure 38. 


TaBLE 15.—Armature of thoracic legs I-IV of the female of Alebion gracilis Wilson, 
1905 
































Inter- Exopodite Endopodite 
Leg | Surface podals |Protopodite|s =: = ee Es Oe ee 
Plate 
1 2 3 1 2 3 
I outer 1sss, p h,e H, mH c 
inner p e 3P, p, H 3P 
II outer m, p m, dfH mH mH, *, 3P c e c, 4P 
m 
inner P, 2rh, m ce, P ce, P c, 3P PAiten2e c, 2P 
III | outer** m, p ce, 4rh, fH | dm,c,mH | dm, 2mH,p,2P/ ¢ c 3P 
inner** P, m, 3rh c, P c, P 3P c, 2P iP 
IV outer 2h 
inner p h 





*Shiino indicates the presence ofa spinule that was not found on the Hawiian specimens although there 
was a heavily sclerotized projection extending into the large, curved spine (mH). 
**Includes only marginal armature. 


Order Lernaeopodoida 
Family Sphyriidae 


Paeon vaissierei(?) Delamare-Deboutteville and Nunes-Ruivo, 1953 
Figures 39a-f, 40a—h 


Paeon vaissieret Delamare-Deboutteville and Nunes-Ruivo, 1953a, p. 161, fig. 15. 


ReEportTED HOsT.—Sphyrna couardi. 

DisTRIBUTION.—Sénégal. 

MatertaLt.—One complete ovigerous female, two incomplete 
ovigerous females and one mature male (USNM 110820) collected 
by author from gill cavity of specimen of Sphyrna lewini captured by 
longline by Lester Zukeran in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. 


142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


MEASUREMENTS.—One complete, two incomplete females (male not 


measured) : 
mean (mm.) range (mm.) 


Greatest length, excluding caudal filaments (1 specimen) 21.84 
Greatest length of cephalothorax (1 specimen) 4.27 
Greatest width of cephalothorax (1 specimen) 5.25 
Greatest length of neck (1 specimen) 7.42 
Greatest length of trunk or genital segment (3 speci- 

mens) 11.29 10.64-12.04 
Greatest width of trunk or genital segment (3 speci- 

mens) 3.38 2.87— 3.64 
Greatest length of caudal filaments (2 specimens) 11.34, 10.71 
Length of egg strings (3 specimens) 18.08  16.66-19.39 


DIAGNOSTIC DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Body (fig. 39a) divisible 
into 3 regions, multilobed anterior region (cephalothorax), elongate 
neck, and irregular trunk (genital segment). Trunk with small, bi- 
lobed abdomen posteriorly, abdomen with pair of smooth elongate 
processes (caudal filaments) whose place of origin suggests possible 
association with the caudal rami. 

Cephalothorax (fig. 39b) and most of neck embedded in host, 
cephalothorax consisting of 2 large knobs forming anterior region; 
single flaplike lobe arising from posteromedian dorsal surface of knobs 
and projecting posteriorly over anterior end of neck; 6 pairs of knobs 
arising from ventral surface. Anteriormost pair of ventral knobs 
almost contiguous on median longitudinal axis, overlapping oral region. 
Neck 2-parted, slender, width approximately one-eighth that of ceph- 
alothorax although varying somewhat throughout length. Anterior- 
most part of neck less than twice the length of posterior, appearing as 
extension of median posterior cephalothoracic surface; second part 
appearing as extension of trunk. Trunk narrower anteriorly than 
posteriorly, with constrictions on anterior end giving annulated appear- 
ance. Lateral margins irregular; posterior end (fig. 39¢) with distinct 
sinus medially, slightly projecting lateroposterior regions rounded. 
Single abdominal segment (fig. 39c) arising at apex of sinus, not pro- 
jecting past lateroposterior regions of trunk, posterior end indented at 
anal opening, with pair of caudal filaments arising from dorsal surface. 
Caudal filaments slightly shorter than trunk, rod-shaped, without 
distinct irregularities. Egg strings projecting from oviducal openings 
situated just lateral to abdomen, on lateral surfaces of sinus in posterior 
end of trunk. 

Appendage complement consisting of pair of mandibles, 2 pairs of 
maxillae (using Wilson’s 1919 appendage designation) and pair of 
small, irregular processes, posterior to maxillae, that may be max- 
illipeds. Mandibles (fig. 39d) minute, rodlike, structural details not 
determined. Maxillule (?) (fig. 39d) minute, situated just lateral to 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 143 





| 
| 
} 
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} 
j 
, 





Ficure 39.—Paeon vaissierei Delamare-Deboutteville and Nunes-Ruivo, 1953, female: a, 
dorsal view; b, cephalothorax and anterior neck region, ventral view; c, posterior end of 
trunk, anterior end of egg string (es), abdomen (abd), and caudal filament (cf), dorsal 
view; d, mouth cone, mandible, and maxillule (?), ventral view; ¢, maxilla (?), ventral 
view; f, maxilliped (?), ventral view. 





144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


base of mouth cone and posterior to mandible base, consisting of 
1-segmented, knoblike protopodite and 1-segmented endopodite and 
exopodite, each ramus with minute, hairlike processes. Maxillae 
(?) (fig. 39e) 2-segmented, situated posterior to mouth cone base, 
first segment strongly developed, second and terminal process claw- 
shaped, with single, spikelike accessory process. Maxillipeds (?) (fig. 
39f) attached to lobe lateral and posterior to maxillae, consisting of 
2 indistinctly separated segments, second tipped by 2 minute, clawlike 
processes. 

DIAGNOSTIC DESCRIPTION OF MALE.—Attached to posterior medial 
surface of female. Body (fig. 40a) of copepodid shape, separable 
into 2 regions although external indication of body segmentation faint. 
Anterior region (cephalothorax) composed of cephalon and maxilliped- 
bearing segment according to Wilson’s terminology (1919). Posterior 
region (urosome) consisting of 5 indistinctly separable segments, 
separated from cephalothorax by incomplete division and by size. 
Diameter of urosome less than that of cephalothorax. Posterior 
region with 2 pairs of small, lobate processes on fourth segment and 
pair of somewhat longer caudal rami (fig. 404) on last segment. 

Cephalothorax of general ovoid shape in lateral view, anteroventral 
surface depressed giving impression that dorsal and lateral cuticle 
form carapace-like covering. Antennule (fig. 40b) 2-segmented, sit- 
uated on anterolateral cephalothoracic surface; second segment ap- 
proximately three-fourths the length of first, not as well developed. 
First segment with single setule on distal anterolateral surface, second 
segment with single weak setule and 2 spikelike setules from distal 
surface. Antenna (fig. 40c) situated posterior and slightly medial to 
antennule, 4-segmented; first segment well developed, broader prox- 
imally than distally, second segment with large lobate projection 
anteriorly giving bifurcate appearance to appendage, projection with 
3 small, spikelike processes distally and with denticulated inner 
margin. Third segment denticulated along posterior surface, fourth 
segment short, with well-developed, clawlike spine, 2 simple spines 
and denticulated knob, all on distal surface. Mandible (fig. 40d) rod- 
like, composed of at least 3 parts; proximal part broad, tapered 
distally, second and third parts also tapered, third with denticulated 
inner margin distally. Mouth cone (fig. 40a) short, arising from de- 
pression in anterior ventral cephalothoracic surface, distal end fringed 
with plumosities. Maxillule (?) (fig. 40e) arising from ventral cephalo- 
thoracic surface posterior to mandible and adjacent to mouth cone, 
composed of 2 subequal segments, first overlapping second distally, 
with flimsy, conical process on distal outer surface; second segment 
with 3 flimsy, conical processes on distal outer and distal surfaces, 
all processes indistinctly separable from segments. Maxilla (?) (fig. 


PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 145 





fet t+ st Rott + Ret ttt 
oe O1mm. io O1mm. po 


Ficure 40.—Pacon vaissierei Delamare-Deboutteville and Nunes-Ruivo, 1953, male: a, 
lateral view; b, left antennule, dorsolateral view; c, left antenna, lateral view; d, mandible; 
e, maxillule (?), lateral view; f, maxilla (?), posterior view; g, maxilliped (?), posterior 
lateral view; h, caudal ramus, lateral view. 


146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


40f) arising from ventral cephalothoracic surface well posterior to 
mouth cone, both members of appendage pair fused along proximal 
half of inner surfaces of first segment. Mazxilla (?) 2-segmented, first 
segment well developed, broader proximally than distally; second 
segment small, fused with heavily sclerotized, clawlike terminal 
process. Maxilliped (?) (fig. 40g) situated posterior to maxilla, 2- 
segmented. First segment well developed, fused with opposing mem- 
ber of pair along proximal half of inner surface, with heavily sclerotized 
projection at inner lateral surface that receives tip of heavily scle- 
rotized, clawlike terminal process of second segment when segment 
flexed. Second segment small, poorly sclerotized except for inner 
surface, separable from terminal process only by difference in 
sclerotization. 

Remarks.—A question mark is used, in the designation of the 
Hawaiian specimens, because of some differences that exist between 
the original description of P. vaissierex and the Hawaiian specimens 
and because of the inability to definitely assign the specimen from 
the original description. The primary characteristic used in asso- 
ciating the Hawaiian specimens with P. vaissierei is the nature of 
the lobes of the cephalothorax and, in particular, the posterior median 
lobe that overhangs the anterior end of the neck. The genital seg- 
ment is somewhat shorter in the Hawaiian specimens but the an- 
nulations in the anterior region and the flaccid nature of the segment 
suggest that both the shape and size may be variable. The egg 
strings of the Hawaiian specimens are somewhat longer than those 
figured by Delamare-Deboutteville and Nunes-Ruivo (1953a) al- 
though this characteristic is presumably also variable. It is unfor- 
tunate that the single male listed in the specimens of the original 
collection was not figured and described. 

Paeon ferox Wilson (1919), differs from the Hawaiian specimens 
primarily in the nature of the cephalothorax, P. ferox possessing 
a single, large knob with several sets of protruberances on the anterior 
ventral surface while the cephalothorax of the Hawaiian specimens 
has several sets of large lobes. P. elongatus Wilson (1932), differs 
from the Hawaiian specimens not only in the nature of the cephalo- 
thorax, which is similar to that of P. ferox, but also in the relatively 
thicker neck, more compact trunk and shorter caudal filaments. 
P. versicolor Wilson (1919) differs from the Hawaiian specimen in 
having a much shorter, heart-shaped genital segment, a thicker and 
annulated neck and a broad, laterally ovoid cephalothorax with 
heavily sclerotized knobs on the anterior surface. 


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PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 151 


PEARSON, JOSEPH 
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152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


Saino, S. M.—Continued 

1954b. Copepods parasitic on Japanese fishes, 4: The family Euryphoridae. 
Rep. Fac. Fish. Pref. Univ. Mie, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 273-290, figs. 1-6. 

1954¢e. Copepods parasitic on Japanese fishes, 5: Five species of the family 
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1955a. Alebion echinatus Capart from Japanese waters, with observations 
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1955b. Paranesippus incisus n. gen., n. sp., a new parasitic copepod of the 
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1959a. Ostpazifische parasitierende Copepoden. Rep. Fac. Fish. Pref. 
Univ. Mie, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 267-333, figs, 1-25. 

1959b. Sammlung der parasitischen Copepoden in der Praifekturuniversitat 
von Mie. Rep. Fac. Fish. Pref. Univ. Mie, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 
334-374, figs. 1-17. 

1960. Copepods parasitic on the fishes collected on the coast of Province 
Shima, Japan. Rep. Fac. Fish. Pref. Univ. Mie, vol. 3, no. 3, 
pp. 471-500, figs. 1-10. 

Sproston, N. G., and Harruey, P.H.T. 

1941. Observations on the bionomics and physiology of Trebius caudatus 
and Lernaeocera branchialis (Copepoda). Journ. Mar. Biol. Assn., 
vol. 25, pp. 393-417, 5 figs. 

STEENsSTRUP, J. J. S., and Liitxen, C. F. 

1861. Bidrag til Kundskab om det aabne Havs Snyltekrebs og Lernaeer 
samt om nogle andre nye eller hidtil kun ufuldstaendigt kjendte 
parasitiske Copepoder, pp. 341-432, 15 pls. 

Strossicyu, M. 

1880. Prospetto della fauna del mare Adriatico, 3: Classe V, Crustacea. 

Bull. Soc. Adriatica Sci. Nat. Trieste, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 178-271. 
Tuompson, I. C., and Scorr A. 

1900. Some recent additions to the Copepoda of Liverpool Bay. ‘Trans. 

Liverpool Biol. Soc., vol. 14, pp. 139-144, pl. 8. 
THompson, W. 

1847. Additions to the fauna of Ireland. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 

vol. 20, p. 248. 
THOMSEN, RicaRDO 

1949. Copépodos pardsitos de los peces marinos del Uruguay. Commun. 
Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, vol. 3, no. 54, pp. 1-41, pls. 
1-14. 

THomson, GEorGE M. 

1889. Parasitic Copepoda of New Zealand with descriptions of new species. 

Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 22, pp. 353-375, pls. 25-29. 
VAISSIERE, RAYMOND 

1959. Parasites de poissons de mer ouest-africains récoltés par J. Cadenat, 
2: Copépodes, copépodes caligides, premiére note: Les Eury- 
phorinae. Bull. Inst. Frangais Afrique Noire, vol. 25A, no. 2, pp. 
534-553, figs. 1-7. 








PARASITIC COPEPOD CRUSTACEANS—LEWIS 153 


VALLE, ANTONIO 

1880. Crostacei parassiti dei pesci del mare Adriatico. Bull. Soc. Adriatica 

Sci. Nat. Trieste, vol. 6, pp. 55-90. 
Van BENEDEN, P. J. 

1870. Les poissons des cétes de Belgique, leurs parasites et leurs commen- 

saux, xx-+100 pp., 8 pls. 
Waitt, ADAM 

1857. A popular history of British Crustacea: Comprising a familiar account 

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Witson, CHARLES B. 

1905a. New species of parasitic copepods from the Massachusetts coast. 
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154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Wiuson, CHartes B.—Continued 
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YamacoutTl, Satyt 
1936. Caligoida, II. Pt. 3 of Parasitic copepods from fishes of Japan, 21 pp., 
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Yamaauri, Saryd, and YaMasu, TERUHUMI 
1959. Parasitic copepods from fishes of Japan, with descriptions of 26 new 
species and remarks on two known species. Biol. Journ. Okayama 
Univ., vol. 5, pp. 89-165, pls. 1-14. 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1966 














Proceedings of 





the United States 


> 
IF 45 Les 
SHINGO 


National Museum 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION +- WASHINGTON, D.C. 





Volume 118 1966 Number 3525 





REVISION OF THE PILARGIDAE (ANNELIDA: POLYCHAETA), 
INCLUDING DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES, AND 
REDESCRIPTION OF THE PELAGIC PODARMUS PLOA 
CHAMBERLIN (POLYNOIDAE) 


By Marian H, PETTIBONE 


Associate Curator, Division of Worms 


In studying some polychaete material from the Chesapeake Bay, 


collected by Dr. Marvin Wass of the Virginia Institute of Marine 
Science, 5 species of pilargids were found, including 3 new species and 
a species that appeared to be one of the questionable species of 


Webster, 1879, from Virginia. This prompted a review of the family. 
The Pilargidae was monographed by Hartman in 1947, including 


_ descriptions of 5 species, references to 21 species in all, and keys to the 


species of Pilargis, Ancistrosyllis, and Loandalia. Seven additional 
species and 3 genera were listed by Hartman in 1959 and 10 species and 
1 genus have been added since 1959, bringing to 38 the number of 


species included up to the present time in this family. Ancistrosyllis 
_longicirrata Berkeley and Berkeley, 1961, was placed by the authors 


in the Pilargidae but an examination of the holotype, sent on loan 


through the kindness of Cyril Berkeley, shows that it should be re- 
ferred to Podarmus Chamberlin in the Polynoidae; it is redescribed 
in this paper. 


155 


156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


In addition to the literature, this study is based on collections in the 
U.S. National Museum and additional material borrowed from the 
following sources: Allan Hancock Foundation (AHF), through Dr. 
Olga Hartman, including type material of 5 species; American Museum 
of Natural History (AMNH), through Dr. Meredith Jones, including 
type material of 2 species; Mr. Cyril Berkeley, Marine Biological 
Station, Nanaimo, Canada, including type material of 2 species; Dr. 
Roland Wigley, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Woods Hole, Mass.; 
Mr. Pierre Brunel, Marine Biological Station, Gaspé, Canada. I 
wish to express my deep appreciation to those mentioned for their 
cooperation and loan of material. I am particularly grateful to Dr. 
Marvin Wass for the opportunity of studying the pilargid material 
from Virginia, which led into a much more extended study than had 
been anticipated. 

This study was aided in part by a grant from the National Science 
Foundation (NSF GS-1269). 


The genera that have been referred to the Pilargidae have had a 
checkered history, as shown by table 1, which gives for each genus its 
original placement in the Polychaeta and its subsequent disposition by 
various polychaete workers. Not all polychaete authorities have 
recognized the Pilargidae, referring the species instead to Hesionidae 
(Ehlers, Chamberlin, Horst, Fauvel, Mesnil, Augener, Southern, 
Monro, and Treadwell). Omitting the larval Harpochaeta and the 
questionable Hermundura, 4 of the 12 remaining genera that have been 
proposed were indicated to have doubtful family connections and were 
placed in “genera incertae sedis”; 2 were placed in new families (Otop- 
sidae and Kynephoridae), 3 were considered to be aberrant Syllidae, 
1 was placed in the Hesionidae, and 2 in the Pilargidae. This further 
emphasizes the heterogeneous and enigmatic characters of the family. 


The pilargid genera that have been generally recognized are Pilargis, 
Ancistrosyllis, and Loandalia. As new species have been described, 
they have for the most part been added to one of these three genera 
and the groupings of species within the genera have become quite 
heterogeneous. In this revision, I have attempted to define and limit 
the genera more clearly, and I have made use of three additional 
genera which have been either ignored or considered to be questionable: 
(1) Sigambra Miiller, 1858, has been considered to be indeterminable, 
but the figures and description of S. grubii seem to be sufficiently 
detailed to be used. (2) Cabira Webster, 1879, a questionable genus 
based on the confusing description of C. incerta, is reinstated, based 
on recent material collected in Chesapeake Bay. (3) Synelmis 
Chamberlin, 1919, with a single species, S. simpler, has been 
previously overlooked. 





REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 157 


TABLE 1.—List of genera of Pilargidae, indicating their original placement in the 


Genus and type-species 


by monotypy 


Sigambra Miiller, 1858 


S. grubiz 
Brazil 


Hermundura Miller, 


1858 
H., tricuspis 
Brazil 


Ancistrosyllis 
McIntosh, 1879 
A, groenlandica 

Greenland 


Phronia Webster, 
1879 
P. tardigrada 
Virginia 


Cabira Webster, 1879 


C. incerta 
Virginia 


Harpochaeta Kor- 
schelt, 1893 
H. cingulata 
Mediterranean, in 
plankton 


Original placement 
in Polychaeta 


Amytidea Grube? 
(=Syllidae) 


Ariciaea (includes 
Orbiniidae, 
Spionidae, 
Magelonidae) 


aberrant Syllidae 
(provisionally) 


incertae sedis 


incertae sedis 


larval Polychaeta 


(Syllidae? 
Hesionidae?) 


Polychaeta and their subsequent disposition 


Subsequent disposition 


Pilargidae, indeterminable, perhaps 
same as Ancistrosyllis—Hart- 
man, 1947 (footnote), 1959. 

Retained, see page 179. 


Pilargidae, questionable—Hart- 
man, 1959. 

Questionable genus and species; 
same as Loandalia? see page 195. 


Syllidae, aberrant—Langerhans, 
1881. 

Hesionidae—Ehlers, 1908; Cham- 
berlin, 1919; Horst, 1921; 
Fauvel, 1919, 1920, 1923, 1953; 
Southern, 1921; Monro, 1933a; 
Treadwell, 1941. 

Pilargidae—Hessle, 1925; Hartman, 
1945, 1947, 1959, 1963; Uschakov, 
1955; Hartmann-Schréder, 1959; 
Kitamori, 1960; Berkeley and 
Berkeley, 1961; Wesenberg- 
Lund, 1962; Uschakov and Wu, 
1962; Day, 1963; see page 164. 


Pilargidae, preoccupied in Diptera, 
= Pilargis—Saint-Joseph, 1899. 
Indeterminable to species, see 
page 161. 


Hesionidae, = Ancistrosyllis— 
Fauvel, 1920. 

Pilargidae, questionable—Hart- 
man, 1947, 1959. 

Revised, see page 177. 


Hesionidae, = Ancistrosyllis— 
Ehlers, 1908; Fauvel, 1920, 
1923. 

Pilargidae, = Ancistrosyllis— 
Hartman, 1947, 1959. Larval 
pilargid, genus? see page 195. 


158 


Genus and type-species 
by monotypy 


Pilargis Saint-Joseph, 
1899 
P. verrucosa 

France 


Otopsis Ditlevsen, 
1917 
O. longipes 
South of Iceland 


Synelmis Chamberlin, 


1919 
S. simplex 
South Pacific 


Kynephorus Ehlers, 
1920 
K. inermis 
South Pacific 


Telehsapia Fauvel, 
1932 
T. annandalet 
Gulf of Siam 


Loandalia Monro, 
1936 
L. aberrans 
South West Africa 


Glyphohesione Fried- 
rich, 1950 
G. klatti 

Europe 


Ancistargis Jones, 
1961 
A. papillosus 
Gulf of Mexico 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 118 


TaBLe 1.—Continued 


Original placement 


in Polychaeta 


Pilargidae, new 
family 


Otopsidae, new 
family 


Syllidae 


Kynephoridae, 
new family 


incertae sedis 
(very aberrant 
euniceid?) 


incertae sedis 
(aberrant hes- 
ionid?) 


Hesionidae 


Pilargidae 


Subsequent disposition 


Hesionidae—Fauvel, 1920, 1923; 
Horst, 1921; Berkeley and 
Berkeley, 1948. 

Pilargidae—Hessle, 1925; Hart- 
man, 1947, 1959; Uschakov, 
1955; see page 160. 


Piloargidae—Hartman, 1947 (foot- 
note), 1959; Uschakov, 1955; 
see page 164. 


Pilargidae, = Ancistrosyllis, perhaps 
A. rigida Fauvel—Hartman, 1959. 
Retained, see page 190. 


Hesionidae, = Ancistrosyllis— 
Augener, 1927; Fauvel, 1953. 

Pilargidae, = Ancistrosyllis— 
Hartman, 1947. =Synelmis, 
see page 190. 


Pilargidae—Hartman, 1947. 

Hesionidae—Fauvel, 1953. 

Pilargidae, questionable; same as 
Loandalia? see page 195, 


Hesionidae— Mesnil and Fauvel, 
1939; Berkeley and Berkeley, 
1941, 

Pilargidae—Hartman, 1947, 1959; 
Hartmann-Schriéeder, 1959; Day, 
1963; see page 195. 


Pilargidae, = Ancistrosyllis— 
Hartman, 1959; Eliason, 1962. 
= Synelmis, see page 190. 


Pilargidae, = Ancistrosyllis, see 
page 164. 








REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 159 


Based on this revision, many pilargid species are recombined and 
some species put into synonymy. Seven genera of Pilargidae are 
herein retained: Ancistrosyllis (9 species), Sigambra (9 species), 
Pilargis (4 species), Cabira (4 species), Loandalia (2 species), Synelmis 
(2 species), Otopsis (2 species). I have not included Telehsapia 
Fauvel, with the questionable 7. annandalei, or Hermundura Miller, 
with the questionable H. tricuspis, except to place them both question- 
ably under Loandalia Monro. Phronia Webster, preoccupied, is referred 
to Pilargis. Kynephorus Ehlers and Glyphohesione Friedrich are 
referred to Synelmis. Ancistargis Jones is referred to Ancistrosyllis. 
Harpochaeta Korschelt is based on the larval form H. cingulata. For 
each genus, a synonymy, diagnosis, list of species, and key to the 
species are given. Where material was available for study, descrip- 
tions and figures of some of the species are included. 

Descriptions are given for the following species (the 5 species of 
pilargids from Chesapeake Bay are noted by asterisks): 


PILARGIDAE 
Ancistrosyllis breviceps Hartman Pilargis berkeleyae Monro 
Ancistrosyllis groenlandica McIntosh Sigambra bassi (Hartman), new combi- 
Ancistrosyllis hamata (Hartman), new nation 
combination Sigambra grubii Miller 
*Ancistrosyllis hartmanae, new species *Sigambra tentaculata (Treadwell), new 
*Ancistrosyllis jonesi, new species combination 
Ancistrosyllis papillosa (Jones), new *Sigambra wasst, New species 
combination Synelmis albini (Langerhans), new 
*Cabira incerta Webster, revised combination 
Loandalia fauveli Berkeley and 
Berkeley 
POLYNOIDAE 


Podarmus ploa Chamberlin 


Family Pilargidae Saint-Joseph, 1899 


Body vermiform, cylindrical, somewhat depressed, or flattened, 
ribbon-like. Integument smooth or papillated. Prostomium, tentac- 
ular segment, and first setigerous segment more or less fused. Prosto- 
mium usually small, inconspicuous, usually with antennae (3 to 0); 
median antenna, when present, on posterior part of prostomium; with 
pair of biarticulate palps consisting of large palpophores more or less 
set off from prostomium and small palpostyles (filiform, button-like or 
absent) ; eyes usually absent. Tentacular segment achaetous, apodous, 
with usually 2 pairs of tentacular cirri (rarely one pair or none), 
Dorsal cirri of first setigerous segment often longer than following. 


160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 118 


Parapodia subbiramous. Notopodia reduced to embedded notoacic- 
ula in cirrophores of dorsal cirri, with or without additional capillary 
setae or stout emergent acicular setae which may be straight or hooked. 
Neuropodia cylindro-conical, with embedded neuroacicula and simple 
neurosetae (no compound setae, asin Hesionidae). Dorsal and ventral 
cirri usually present. Pygidium usually with pair of anal cirri. 
Proboscis unarmed, bulbous or long cylindrical, usually with circlet 
of papillae around opening. Intestine usually with intestinal caeca 
(at least in forms with well-developed parapodia). Burrowing forms. 


Key to the Genera of Pilargidae 


1. With internal notoacicula only or with additional fine capillary notosetae . 2 
With stout emergent dorsal setae in addition to internal notoacicula. . . 4 

2. Without antennae, tentacular cirri, dorsal or ventral cirri (small cirri may 
be present at terminal parts of neuropodial lobes but not in usual position). 
Notopodia with projecting stout notoacicula and few slender notosetae. 


Body subeylindrical. . .. . . . « . . Loandalia Monro, p. 195 
With antennae, tentacular cirri, dorsal and ventral cirri. Notopodia with 
internal notoacicula only. Body flattened, ribbon-like. ...... 3 


38. Two small lateral antennae, without median antenna. Palps biarticulate, 
with small palpostyles. Ventral cirrishort, conical. Integument minutely 
papillated® @ 0.12%." . . . . . Pilargis Saint-Joseph, p. 160 

Three small antennae, eictine md lateral. Palps indistinct, without pal- 
postyles. Ventral cirri lamelliform. Integument smooth, not _ papil- 
Jated io. & . . . . Otopsis Ditlevsen, p. 164 


4, Stout emergent doient seeae cfenignt, Hr hooked. Body subcylindrical, with 
parapodia sharply marked off from body. Neurosetae capillary, limbate. 
Integument smooth, not papillated. . . . . Synelmis Chamberlin, p. 190 

Stout emergent dorsal setae hooked ..... : 2 (ee See 

5. Body subcylindrical, with parapodia poorly dev eloped: MDersal and ventral 

cirri small or lacking . . . . . . Cabira Webster, p. 177 
Body elongate, depressed, with parapodia deeply cut. Dorsal and ventral 
cirri distinct = .. < - ea 


6. Prostomium small, Heone pied euet eat Gitenune Bnoricn than palps. 
Tentacular cirri short. Dorsal cirri of first setiger similar to or slightly 
longer than following. Dorsal cirri short. Neurosetae longer to shorter, 
with tips slightly bent, smooth, and spinous. Integument papillated. 

Ancistrosyllis McIntosh, p. 164 

Prostomium larger, with antennae longer than palps. Tentacular cirri long. 

Dorsal cirri of first setiger unusually long. Dorsal cirri long and slender. 
Neurosetae with capillary tips. Integument smooth. 

Sigambra Miiller, p. 179 


Genus Pilargis Saint-Joseph, 1899 


Pilargis Saint-Joseph, 1899. [Type-species: P. verrucosa Saint-Joseph, 1899, by 
monotypy. Gender: feminine.] 
Phronia Webster, 1879. [Type-species: P. tardigrada Webster, 1879, by monotypy. 
Gender: feminine. Preoccupied by Winnerz, 1863, in Diptera.] 
Diagnosis: Body long, flattened, ribbon-like, with parapodia deeply 
cut. Prostomium reduced, biarticulate palps with large ovoid palpo- 





{ 


\ 
‘ 
£ 





REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 161 


phores and small papillar palpostyles, paired short lateral antennae, 
without median antenna. Tentacular segment with 2 pairs of ten- 
tacular cirri. Parapodia subbiramous. Notopodia with inflated 
cirrophor es with internal notoacicula, without notosetae; conical dorsal 
cirri more or less set off from dorsal cirrophores. Neuropodia conical 
lobes with stout neuroacicula; neurosetae simple, variable in length; 
ventral cirri short, conical. Pygidium with or without short anal 
cirri. Proboscis unarmed, globular. Integument minutely papillated. 
The following species have been referred to Pilargis: 


P. tardigrada (Webster, 1879, p. 258), as Phronia tardigrada. Virginia. See 
Fauvel, 1920, p. 212. Questionable species. Type-specimen not avail- 


able. 

P. verrucosa Saint-Joseph, 1899, p. 175. France. See Fauvel, 1920, p. 212; 
1923, p. 252. 

P. perezii Charrier, 1924, p. 11. France. Referred to P. verrucosa, Fauvel, 
1925, p. 88. 


P. pacifica (Zachs, 1933, p. 128), as P. verrucosa pacifica. North Japan Sea. 
See Uschakov, 1955, p. 201. 

P. berkeleyae Monro, 1933b, p. 673, as P. berkeleyi (named after Edith 
Berkeley). Washington, North Pacific. See page 161. 

P. maculata Hartman, 1947, p. 494. Central California. Referred to P. ber- 
keleyae, see page 161. 

P. falcata Day, 1957, p. 70. South Africa. Referred to Ancistrosyllis, see 
page 165. 

P. matsunagaensis Kitamori, 1960, p. 1088. Seto-Inland Sea, Japan. 
Referred to Ancistrosyllis, see page 165. 

P. hamatus Hartman, 1960, p. 88. Southern California. Referred to 
Ancistrosyllis, see page 165. 


Key to the Species of Pilargis 


1. Neurosetae uniformly simple, capillary. .......-.--+-++-++2 2 
Some neurosetae with slightly hooked tips . ..... 3 
2. Tentacular cirrisubequal. . . 3 Le tae Pp, aaitiest (Zachs) 


Upper pair of tentacular cirri mich ieee fan lower pair. 
P. tardigrada (Webster) 
3. Neurosetaesmooth ..... . .. . . P. verrucosa Saint-Joseph 
Shorter neurosetae with spinous Bindese ... .. . P. berkeleyae Monro 


Pilargis berkeleyae Monro 
FiaureEs 1, 2 


Pilargis berkeleyi [sic] Monro, 1933b, p. 673, figs. 1-4.— Berkeley and Berkeley, 
1935, p. 768; 1948, p. 57, figs. 85, 86.—Hartman, 1947, p. 491, pl. 59, figs. 
1-8; 1963, p. 16. 

Pilargis maculata Hartman, 1947, p. 494, pl. 60, figs, 1-5; 1963, p. 16. 

Material examined: Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, Calif., loan 
from Cyril Berkeley. Paratype of P. maculata Hartman, Moss Bence 
Calif., AHF 1716, loan from Olga Hartman (long specimen without 
anterior end). 


f 


162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





Ficure 1.—Pilargis berkeleyae Monro (a-e from complete specimen from Monterey Bay; 
J, from smaller incomplete specimen from same locality): a, dorsal view anterior end, with 
proboscis extended; b, parapodium from setiger 18; c, same, from setiger 75; d, same, from 
middle of body (about setiger 200), pigmented glandular area in dorsal cirrophore shown; 


e, same, from posterior part of body (about setiger 400); f, same, from middle of body, 
with some large yolky eggs visible. 





REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 163 


Description: Length to 300 mm., width to 4mm., segments to 500. 
Body flattened, ribbon-like, tapered anteriorly and _ posteriorly. 
Integument with low papillae on body and appendages, more nu- 
merous dorsally. Prostomium small, inconspicuous, with ovate 
palpophores indistinct from prostomium and minute palpostyles, 
with paired short lateral antennae. Tentacular segment fused with 
prostomium, with two pairs of short tentacular cirri, dorsal pair 
slightly longer than ventral pair. Dorsal cirri of first setigerous 


0.2mm. 





b 


Figure 2.—Pilargis berkeleyae Monro (from paratype of P. maculata Hartman, AHF 1716): 
a, parapodium from middle of body of inflated specimen, with pigmented glandular areas 
shown; b, neurosetae from same. 


segment longer than following. Inflated dorsal cirrophores of noto- 
podia variable in shape, as indicated in figures drawn from different 
parts of body and individuals in different states of contraction; 
notoacicula colorless, without notosetae; dorsal cirri conical to ovate. 
Neuropodia conical, with stout neuroacicula and bundle of simple 
neurosetae; neurosetae variable in length; shorter neurosetae serrate, 
with tips slightly hooked, sometimes faintly bifid; longest neurosetae 
tapering to fine slightly hooked tips, smooth or very faintly serrated; 
ventral cirri on all setigerous segments. Pygidium rounded, with 0, 
2 or 3 anal cirri. Proboscis thin-walled translucent sac. Reddish 
to dark-brown glandular areas in notopodial cirrophores and ventral 
bases of neuropodia. 


164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


Distribution: Washington to southern California. Intertidal to 
225 fms. 
Genus Otopsis Ditlevsen, 1917 
Otopsis Ditlevsen, 1917. [Type-species: O. longipes Ditlevsen, 1917, by mono- 
typy. Gender: masculine.] 

Diagnosis: Body long, flattened, with lateral parapodia deeply 
cut. Prostomium small, with 3 small antennae, 2 palps (without 
palpostyles). Tentacular segment achaetous, with 2 pairs tentacular 
cirri. Parapodia subbiramous. Notopodia with embedded noto- 
acicula only, without notosetae or emergent acicular setae. Dorsal 
cirri large, lamelliform. Neuropodia conical, with neuroacicula 
and simple capillary neurosetae. Ventral cirri lamelliform. Pygid- 
ium? Proboscis? Integument smooth, not papillated. 

A single species and subspecies have been described: 

Otopsis longipes Ditlevsen, 1917, p. 67. South of Iceland, 843 fms. 


Otopsis longipes pacificus Uschakov, 1950, p. 171, as O. longipes var. pacifica. 
Okhotsk Sea, 709-757 fms. 


Genus Ancistrosyllis McIntosh, 1879 


Ancistrosyllis McIntosh, 1879. [Type-species: A. groenlandica McIntosh, 1879, 
by monotypy. Gender: feminine.] 

Ancistargis Jones, 1961. [Type-species: A. papillosus Jones, 1961, by original 
designation. Gender: feminine.] 

Diagnosis: Body elongate, depressed, with lateral parapodia deeply 
cut. Prostomium small, inconspicuous; 2 biarticulate palps with 
large palpophores and small palpostyles; antennae short, usually 3 in 
number, consisting of lateral antennae (rarely absent) and posterior 
median antenna (may be absent). Tentacular segment more or less 
fused with prostomium, achaetous, with 2 pairs of short tentacular 
cirri (rarely only 1 pair?). Dorsal and ventral cirri short. Parapodia 
subbiramous. Notopodia inflated, with notoacicula curved distally, 
with stout emergent hooked setae beginning on setigers 3-13. Neu- 
ropodia with conical to truncate setigerous lobes, with neuroacicula 
and simple neurosetae. Neurosetae variable in length, smooth, finely 
to coarsely spinous, usually ending in slightly hooked tips (tips may 
be indistinctly bidentate). Pygidium with paired short anal cirri. 
Proboscis unarmed, cylindrical, globular, with or without papillae. 
With intestinal caeca. Integument with scattered papillae. 

Remarks: The chief distinction between Ancistargis and Ancistro- 
syllis is the absence of a median antenna in the former and its presence 
in the latter. ‘The median antenna, when present, is small to minute 
and often difficult to detect. Located as it is on the posterior part of 
the prostomium, it may be hidden when the prostomium is retracted 
partially within the tentacular segment. Of the species listed below, 








REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 165 


four lack a median antenna: A. falcata, A. matsunagaensis, A. hamata, 
and A. papillosa. One species, A. quellina, lacks lateral antennae. 


1. 


The following species have been referred to Ancistrosyllis: 


A. groenlandica McIntosh, 1879, p. 502. Davis Strait, Greenland. See 
page 166. 

A. albini Langerhans, 1881, p. 107. Canary Islands, North Atlantic. Re- 
ferred to Synelmis, see page 191. 

A. robusta Ehlers, 1908, p. 59. South Atlantic. Referred to Sigambra, 
See page 181. 

A. rigida Fauvel, 1919, p. 337. Red Sea. Referred to Synelmis albini, 
see page 191. 

A. constricta Southern, 1921, p. 5738. India. Referred to Szgambra, see 
page 181. 

A. gracilis Hessle, 1925, p. 34. Off Japan. Referred to Synelmis albini, 
See page 191. 

A. gorgonensis Monro, 1933a, p. 26. Pacific side of Panama. Referred to 
Synelmis albini, see page 191. 

A. tentaculata Treadwell, 1941, p. 1. Long Island, N.Y. Referred to 
Sigambra, see page 182. 

A. bassi Hartman, 1945, p. 15. Florida and North Carolina. Referred to 
Sigambra, see page 186. 

A. ocellata Hartmann-Schroéder, 1959, p. 109. Central America. Referred to 
Sigambra, see page 181. 

A. hanaokai Kitamori, 1960, p. 1086. Seto-Inland Sea. Referred to 
Sigambra, see page 181. 

A. longicirrata Berkeley and Berkeley, 1961, p. 658. Off Peru, in plankton. 
Synonym of Podarmus ploa, Polynoidae, see page 200. 

A. quellina Wesenberg-Lund, 1962, p. 68. Chile. 

A. pilargiformis Uschakov and Wu, 1962, p. 75. Yellow Sea. Referred to 
Cabira, see page 177. 

A. parva Day, 1963, p. 395. South Africa. Referred to Sigambra, see 
page 181. 

A. breviceps Hartman, 19638, p. 13. Southern California, see page 168. 


The following species are herein referred to Ancistrosyllis: 


A. falcata (Day, 1957, p. 70), as Pilargis falcata. South Africa. 

A. matsunagaensis (Kitamori, 1960, p. 1088), as Pilargis matsunagaensis. 
Seto-Inland Sea, Japan. 

A. hamata (Hartman, 1960, p. 88), as Pilargis hamatus. Southern Cali- 
fornia. See page 168. 

A. papillosa (Jones, 1961, p. 3), as Ancistargis papillosus. Florida. See 
page 170. 

A. hartmanae, new species. Chesapeake Bay. See page 172. 

A. jonesi, new species. Chesapeake Eay. See page 173. 


Key to the Species of Ancistrosyllis 


Ventral cirri beginning on setiger 1. With lateral antennae. Tentacular 
CisiicHainscos W It DENOLOBCICWIA, fa 0°. Si Da sutd as Gea to lbe aoe apal ley -ar a2 
Wenwral cir beginning on setiger 3-4... . se ce a 4 ee es 


166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


2. Notopodial hooked setae beginning on setiger 3-6. Dorsal cirri of first 
setiger longer than following .. . ‘Yeo spun cMeengened Eee 
Notopodial hooked setae beginning on eenece 13 MCI Ee! og 5. 4! 

3. Short median antenna. Notopodial hooked setae beginning on setiger 4-6. 
A. groenlandica, p. 166 

Without median antenna. Notopodial hooked setae beginning on setiger 3. 

A. matsunagaensis. 

4. Notopodial hooked setae beginning on setiger 7. Without median antenna. 
With paired deep-set minute eyes. Dorsal cirri small, ovoid. Ventral 

cirri small, near tips of parapodial lobes. . . . ~ «lane ty eAwalcata 
Notopodial hooked setae beginning on setiger 13 lot emergent at first). 
With short median antenna (sometimes difficult to detect). Without eyes. 
Dorsal cirri short, subulate. Ventral cirri larger, at base of neuropodial 

lobes: 2 vorn. « a Pens . . . . A. breviceps, p. 168 

5. Ventral cirri hecinesne on Pestices 4. “Notopedial hooked setae beginning 
on setiger 4. Tentacular cirri 1 pair. Without lateral antennae. Without 


notoacicula:.” Eyéspots’ 2)paitss: <i. ae A te es co AES 
Ventral cirri beginning on setiger 3. Tentacular cirri 2 pairs. With lateral 
antennae. With notoacicula. .... Re an ence Sh oh ecr ices 0) 

6. Notopodial hooked setae beginning on tee 3. Hives). pair) yest es ae 
Notopodial hooked setae beginning on setiger 6. Without eyes. .... 8 

7. Without median antenna. Lateral antennae extending beyond palps. An- 
terior part of digestive tract not looped. . . . . . . A. papillosa, p. 170 


Short median antenna, which may be partially hidden by tentacular segment. 
Lateral antennae shorter than palps. Anterior part of digestive tract 


looped { . a6 8 es eo ale yee we wwe 6 3 PAs hartmanaey poke 
8. Without median antenna. Notopodial acicular lobe low, thick, not 
elongated, with short conical dorsal cirri . . . . . . . A. hamata, p. 168 


Small median antenna (easily overlooked). Notopodial acicular lobe en- 
larged, conical, extending nearly to tip of neuropodial lobe, with small 
dorsal cirri indistinctly separated from notopodial lobe . . A. jonesi, p. 173 


Ancistrosyllis groenlandica McIntosh 


FIGURE 3 


Ancistrosyllis groenlandica McIntosh, 1879, p. 502, pl. 65, figs. 3, 20.—Pettibone, 
1963, p. 110, fig. 830.—Hartman, 1965, p. 71. 

Material examined: North Atlantic, Albatross III, 42°10’ N., 
69°18’ W., 100 fms., 1955, R. Wigley; Delaware sta., 42°31’ N., 
67°48’ W., 175 fms., 1959, R. Wigley. Gulf of St. Lawrence, P. 
Brunel. 

Description: Length to 40 mm., width to 1 mm., segments to 70. 
Body flattened dorsoventrally, widest in middle region, tapering 
anteriorly and posteriorly, with parapodia deeply cut. Prostomium 
with large palpophores and small button-like palpostyles (easily 
overlooked); 3 small subequal antennae shorter than palps; without 


eyes. Tentacular segment indistinct from prostomium, with 2 pairs — 


of short subequal tentacular cirri, similar to antennae; irregular lateral 
pigmented areas may be present (fig. 3a; these are probably the large 
lateral eyes mentioned and figured by McIntosh). Dorsal cirri of 





REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 167 


first setiger about twice as long as following. Dorsal cirri fusiform, 
short, extending slightly beyond neuropodial lobes. Notopodia with 
somewhat inflated notoacicular lobes and emergent hooked setae 





Ficure 3.—Ancistrosyllis groenlandica (a, from specimen from Delaware sta.; b-f from speci- 
men from Albatross sta.): a, dorsal view anterior end; b, same, from another specimen; 
c, ventral view anterior end; d, middle parapodium; ¢, notopodial hooked seta; f, neurosetae, 





beginning on setiger 4 to 6. Neuropodial lobe conical, with neuro- 
aciculum and neurosetae variable in length; shorter ones wider, 
tapering to slightly hooked tips, faintly spinous; longer ones more 
slender, smooth or very finely spinous, with fine slightly hooked tips. 


168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Pygidium rounded, with paired short anal cirri similar to dorsal 
cirri. Proboscis short, cylindrical, with few scattered papillae. 
With conspicuous rust-colored glandular areas in anterior part of 
notopodial lobe (beginning on setiger 4) and ventrally near bases 
of parapodia (fig. 3d). Integument with numerous scattered short 
papillae. 

Distribution: West Greenland, British Isles, Gulf of St. Lawrence 
to off-shore New Jersey, off northeastern South America. In 25 
to 1611 fms. 


Ancistrosyllis breviceps Hartman 
FIGurE 4 


Ancistrosyllis breviceps Hartman, 1963, p. 13, fig. 1, a-d. 

Material examined: Holotype of Ancistrosyllis breviceps, Santa 
Monica Canyon, 386 fms., Sta. 7517, loan from Olga Hartman (AHF). 

Description: Body depressed, parapodia longer than body width. 
Prostomium small, with large palpophores and small palpostyles 
(visible ventrally) ; antennae very short, not extending beyond palps. 
Tentacular segment with 2 pairs of subequal tentacular cirri, longer 
than antennae. Dorsal cirri of first setiger slightly longer than 
following. Notopodia low, with slender notoacicula and prominent 
emergent hooked setae beginning about setiger 13 (possibly irregular, 
not emergent at first); dorsal cirri short, subulate. Neuropodia long, 
subconical, with neuroacicula and simple neurosetae. Neurosetae 
variable in length, with tips slightly hooked (according to Hartman, all 
neurosetae taper to fine tips). Ventral cirri short, subulate, begin on 
first setiger. Proboscis? Pygidium? Integument minutely papil- 
lated, especially dorsally. 

Distribution: Southern California. In 191-533 fms. 


Ancistrosyllis hamata (Hartman) 


FIGure 5 


Pilargis hamatus [sic] Hartman, 1960, p. 88, pl. 7, figs. 4-6; 1963, p. 16. 

Material examined: Paratype (anterior fragment of 60 segments) 
from off Long Beach breakwater light, southern California, 12 fms., 
sandy mud, Sta. 2311, loan from Olga Hartman (AHF). 

Description: Length to 30 mm., width to 2 mm., segments to 100. 
Body flattened dorsoventrally, widest in middle region, tapering 
anteriorly and posteriorly, with parapodia deeply cut. Prostomium 
with large palpophores and small palpostyles, with low conical lateral 
antennae, much shorter than palps. Tentacular segment indistinct 
from prostomium, with 2 pairs of short subequal tentacular cirri. 
Dorsal cirri of first setiger shghtly longer than following. Notopodia 


REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 169 


with low inflated notoacicular lobes, with very small conical dorsal 
cirri, much shorter than neuropodial lobes, with prominent stout 
emergent hooks beginning on setiger 6 (4-7, according to Hartman). 
Neuropodial lobes short, truncate, with retractile conical neuroacicular 
lobes, with bundle of about 7 simple neurosetae. Neurosetae variable 


Y 





Ficure 4.—Ancistrosyllis breviceps (from holotype): a, dorsal view anterior end; 5, ventral 
view anterior end; c, middle parapodium; d, neurosetae. 


in length, faintly serrated, with tips slightly hooked, tips may be 
faintly bifid (according to Hartman, neurosetae of 2 kinds, slender, 
capillary and stouter, with bifid tips). Ventral cirri small, conical, 
beginning on setiger 3. Pygidium? Proboscis? With intestinal 
caeca. Integument with rather thick cuticle, with scattered minute 
papillae. 

Distribution: Southern California. In 12 to 721 fms. 


170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





Ficure 5.—Ancistrosyllis hamata (from paratype from Sta. 2311): a, dorsal view anterior 
end; b, cross section in region of setiger 60; c, parapodium from same; d, neurosetae. 


Ancistrosyllis papillosa (Jones) 
FIGURE 6 
Ancistargis papillosus {sic} Jones, 1961, p. 3, figs. 1-14. 

Material examined: Holotype and 2 paratypes from Alligator 
Harbor, Fla., loan from Meredith L. Jones (AMNH). One small 
specimen, Port Aransas, Tex., 5 fms., mud, M. L. Jones (AMNH). 

Description: Length to 10 mm., width to 0.5 mm., segments to 54. 
Body flattened dorsoventrally, widest in middle region, tapering an- 
teriorly and posteriorly, with segmental dorsal transverse ridges, 
parapodia deeply cut. Prostomium with large palpophores and small 
filiform palpostyles, with short digitiform lateral antennae extending 
slightly beyond palps, with paired small eyespots ventrally. Ten- 
tacular segment indistinct from prostomium, with 2 pairs of tentacular 
cirri, longer than palps. Dorsal cirri of first setiger similar to follow- 
ing. Dorsal cirri fusiform, short, extending slightly beyond neuro- 








REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 171 


podial lobes. Notopodia with somewhat inflated notoacicular lobes 
and emergent hooked setae beginning on setiger 3. Neuropodia coni- 
cal, with neurosetae of 3 kinds: long, slender, capillary; shorter, 


0.1mm. 


Figure 6.—Ancistrosyllis papillosa (from paratypes): a, dorsal view anterior end; }, 
ventral view anterior end, with proboscis partially extended; c, ventral view posterior 
end; d, middle parapodium, with two large yolky developing eggs shown; e, neurosetae. 


faintly serrated, with slightly hooked tips; shortest, spinous, with 
hooked tips. Ventral cirri short, fusiform, shorter than dorsal cirri, 
beginning on setiger 3. Pygidium rounded, with pair short anal 

782-216—66 





2 


172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 


cirri, similar to dorsal cirri. Proboscis cylindrical, with muscular core 
and thin transparent covering, with short papillae around opening. 
With intestinal caeca. Integument with numerous papillae on dorsal 
surface and cirri, with fewer papillae ventrally; papillae especially 
long on dorsal cirri and notopodial lobes. 

Distribution: Gulf of Mexico (Florida, Texas). Intertidal to 5 fms. 


Ancistrosyllis hartmanae new species 
FIaurEs 7, 8 


The species is based on a single specimen from Chesapeake Bay off 
Rappahanock River, 37°32’ N., 76°07’ W. in 7 fms. in mud, July 21, 
1961, M. Wass, collector, holotype USNM 30989. The species is 
named for Olga Hartman, eminent worker on the polychaetes. 

Description: Length 25 mm., width 0.5 mm., segments 110. Body 
long, threadlike, flattened dorsoventrally, tapering anteriorly and 
posteriorly, parapodia deeply cut, appearing moniliform. Prosto- 
mium small, bilobed, partially retractable within tentacular segment, 
with paired biarticulate palps indistinctly set off from rest of prosto- 
mium, with palpophores large, papillated and small palpostyles visible 
ventrally, with pair of lateral antennae shorter than palps, with small 
unpaired median antenna posteriorly on prostomium, partially hidden 
by tentacular segment, with 2 deep-set eyes hidden by tentacular 
segment. Tentacular segment indistinctly separated from _ prosto- 
mium, achaetous, with 2 pairs of short subequal tentacular cirri, 
lateral and ventrolateral; ventrally forms lower lip of mouth. Dorsal 
cirri of first setiger similar to following. Parapodia subbiramous. 
Notopodial lobe low, inflated, with internal notoaciculum curving 
distally, with short digitiform dorsal cirrus shorter than neuropodial 
lobe; with stout emergent hooked acicular setae beginning on setiger 
3. Neuropodium short, rounded, with retractile conical neuroacicular 
lobe, with bundle of about 5 neurosetae. Neurosetae simple, variable 
in length, longest ones smooth, tapering to fine tips, shorter ones 
finely spinous, all ending in slightly bent tips. Ventral cirri short, 
subequal to dorsal cirri, beginning on setiger 3. Pygidium rounded, 
with paired short subulate anal cirri. Proboscis not extended. An- 
terior part of digestive tract (in setigers 3-6) looped; with segmental 
intestinal caeca, 2 pairs per segment. Integument with scattered 
minute papillae, on body and appendages. 

A. hartmanae may be separated from the other species of Ancistro- 
syllis as indicated in the key on page 165. 

Distribution: Chesapeake Bay. In 7 fms. 





REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 173 





f " ¢ 

f "4, ; 

tft \ 

plot “etal <=> 
f if \ G \ 

esd Ae a Ne 
ee em i % mh 
Fa § ft Zo 
4 4 | a 


eS 
SASS mone. 
SANNA 


= 
\ 





SS 

<a 

Ser 
C 


Ficure 7.—Ancistrosyllis hartmanae, new species: 


a, general outline of animal; }, dorsal 


view anterior end, with looped part of digestive tract in setigers 3-6 shown; c, ventral 
view anterior end. 


Ancistrosyllis jonesi, new species 


Figures 9, 10 


The species is based on 3 incomplete specimens collected by Marvin 
Wass in Chesapeake Bay off Rappahanock River in 7 fathoms in mud, 
July 21, 1961, holotype USNM 30983, 37°36’ N., 76°06’ W., and 2 
paratypes USNM 30984, 37°32’ N., 76°07’ W. The species is named 


174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


for Meredith Jones, expressing in a small way my appreciation for his 
help and cooperation in our field of common interest. 

Description: Length of incomplete holotype 16 mm., width 1.5 
mm., segments 44. Body long, flattened dorsoventrally, tapered 
eradually anteriorly, with parapodia deeply cut. Prostomium with 
large subtriangular palpophores and minute palpostyles. Lateral 





d 


Ficure 8.—Ancistrosyllis hartmanae, new species: a, dorsal view posterior end; , dorsal 
view setiger 15, with intestinal caeca shown; c, same, from setiger 36; d, general outline 
of cross section through middle of body (about setiger 50); ¢, parapodium from same; 
f, neurosetae. 


antennae short, subulate, shorter than palpophores. Posterior 
median antenna minute, easily overlooked. Without definite eyes 
but with brownish scattered pigment on posteriolateral parts of 
prostomium and tentacular segment. Tentacular segment indistinct 
from prostomium, achaectous, with 2 pairs of short, subulate, sub- 
equal tentacular cirri; ventrally forms lower lip of mouth. Dorsal 
cirri of first setiger slightly longer than following. 


REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 175 


Parapodia subbiramous. Notopodia enlarged, inflated, conical, 
extending nearly to tips of neuropodial lobes, with notoacicula curving 
distally and enclosing extensions of intestinal caeca; dorsal cirri 
small, indistinctly separated from enlarged notopodial lobes; with 
stout emergent hooked notosetae beginning on setiger 6. Neuropodia 





Ficure 9.—Ancistrosyllis jonesi, new species (from holotype): a, general outline of incom- 
plete holotype of 44 segments, outline of intestinal caeca shown in few segments; b, dorsal 
view parapodium, outline of intestinal caeca shown; ¢, dorsal view anterior end; d, ventral 

view anterior end. 





176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


conical, with tips truncate, with neuroaciculum and bundle of about 
8 simple neurosetae; neurosetae variable in length, longest smooth, 
tapering to fine tips, shorter very finely spinous, shortest more coarsely 
spinous, all with slightly hooked tips which may be indistinctly 
pifid. Ventral cirri digitiform, extending beyond neuropodial lobes, 





Ficure 10.—Ancistrosyllis jonesi, new species (from paratype): a, dorsolateral view anterior 
end; b, dorsal view setigers 25-27; c, cross section body in region of setiger 30; d, para- 
podium of same, outline of intestinal caeca shown; e, neurosetae. 





REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 77. 


beginning on setiger 3. Pygidium? Proboscis not extended. Intes- 
tine with intestinal caeca, two pairs per segment, shorter anterior 
pair and longer posterior pair extending into notopodia. Integument 
with scattered minute papillae. 

A. jonesi may be distinguished from the other species of Ancistrosyllis 
as indicated in the key on page 165. It is closest to A. hamata, differing 
by the development of the enlarged conical notopodial lobes and 
the small median antenna. 

Distribution: Chesapeake Bay. In 7 fms. 


Genus Cabira Webster, 1879, revised 
Cabira Webster, 1879. [Type-species: C. incerta Webster, 1879, by monotypy. 
Gender: feminine.] 

Remarks: Cabira was placed by Webster among ‘“‘genera incertae 
sedis.” The brief description of C. incerta is confused, particularly 
in regard to the parapodial rami. Fauvel (1920) referred the species 
to Ancistrosyllis among the Hesionidae, suggesting that perhaps the 
median antenna was lost. Hartman (1947) placed it in the Pilargidae 
and suggested that the name Cabira perhaps best be dropped, since 
the original account is much too faulty and incomplete. 

The type of Cabira incerta has not been found in the U.S. National 
Museum, where most of Webster’s polychaete material was deposited. 
As far as can be determined, it no longer exists. Among the pilargids 
collected in Chesapeake Bay off Rappahanock River, dredged in 7 fms. 
in mud by Marvin Wass, are five specimens which can be identified 
with Cabira incerta. JI am herewith revising the genus and species, 
based on this new material. 

Diagnosis: Body subcylindrical, with parapodia poorly developed. 
Prostomium small, with paired biarticulate palps consisting of large 
palpophores and very small palpostyles; with paired small lateral 
antennae (lacking in C. capensis); without median antenna. ‘Tentacu- 
lar segment indistinct from prostomium, achaetous, with 2 pairs of 
very small tentacular cirri. Parapodia poorly developed, subbira- 
mous; notopodia represented by notoacicula and small dorsal cirri, 
with emergent stout hooked notosetae beginning on setigerous seg- 
ments 6-8; neuropodia small, with neuroacicula and few similar 
neurosetae; neurosetae simple, delicate, capillary (additional short 
setae in C. brevicirris); ventral cirri small, below or at tips of neuro- 
podia. Pygidium bilobed, without anal cirri. Proboscis cylindrical, 
sometimes ringed, with longitudinal basal rows of spines (in type- 
species) or with soft papillae (C. brevicirris). 

According to this revision, Cabira includes the following: 


C. incerta Webster, 1879, p. 267. Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. 
C. pilargiformis (Uschakov and Wu, 1962, p. 75), as Ancistrosyllis pilargi- 
formis. Yellow Sea. 


178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


C. capensis (Day, 1963, p. 396), as Loandalia capensis. South Africa. 
C. brevicirris (Rangarajan, 1964, p. 122), as Ancistargis brevicirris. South 
India. 
Key to the Species of Cabira 


1. Lateral antennae lacking. Ventral cirri small, at tips of neuropodial lobes. 
Hooked notosetae begin on setiger 8. TE papillated. Proboscis 


SOlG SAC=c) wane: - «3 oe .Cscapensis 
With pair small lateral antennae, Ventral cirri email below neuropodial lobes. 
Integument smooth or with only few scattered papillae. ...... 2.2 


2. Neurosetae of 2 kinds, slender capillary and short, with slightly recurved tips. 
Hooked notosetae begin on setigers 6-8. Proboscis with numerous, conical, 


soft papillae. ... wunse #8 “ws. 6 is: 2s de Ce OREGVICIDEIS 
Neurosetae all similar, Bigaden ‘eapillatys See SO ao 

38. Hooked notosetae begin on setiger 7. Propose: aaa ionewtudinn rows of 
spines basally .... o [a baie Pw espe epee ot ay See eC Cent 
Hooked notosetae begin on elicer 6. Proboscis? . . . . .C. pilargiformis 


Cabira incerta Webster, 1879, revised 
Fiaures 11, 12 


Cabira incerta Webster, 1879, p. 267, pl. 11, figs. 155-157.— Hartman, 1947, p. 510. 
Ancistrosyllis incerta Fauvel, 1920, p. 211. 


Material examined: Chesapeake Bay off Rappahanock River, 
37°32’N., 76°07’W., 7 fms., mud, July 21, 1961, Marvin Wass, 
collector, 5 specimens. 

Description: Length to 18 mm., width to 1.5 mm., segments to 54. 
Body long, subcylindrical, flattened ventrally, arched dorsally, nar- 
rowest anteriorly, with indistinct segmental bulges (more prominent 
posteriorly). Prostomium and tentacular segment fused, with paired 
biarticulate palps consisting of large palpophores and small ventral 
palpostyles, with numerous papillae concentrated on anterior tips 
(=membranous expansions or thin plates covered with papillae of 
Webster); with pair very short lateral antennae arising from swollen 
bases or ceratophores indistinctly set off from prostomium. Tentacu- 
lar segment achaetous, with 2 pairs of very short tentacular cirri. 

Parapodia small, indistinct, subbiramous. Notopodium (=ven- 
tral ramus of Webster) represented by very small notopodial lobe or 
dorsal cirrus with internal notoaciculum, with stout emergent hooked 
notoseta (=strong hooked ventral seta of Webster) beginning on 
setiger 7 (setiger 6, according to Webster); sometimes with additional 
hooked seta in process of formation internally, indicating probable 
replacement of hooked setae (figs. 12a, 6). Neuropodium (=dorsal 
ramus of Webster) short, conical, with neuroaciculum, tip of which 
sometimes projects slightly and few (2-4) similar neurosetae (=dorsal 
setae of Webster); neurosetae simple, slender, delicate, tapering to 
capillary tips; ventral cirri (—dorsal cirri of Webster) short, digitiform, 
below neuropodial lobe, beginning on setiger 3. Pygidium short, 








REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 179 


bilobed, without anal cirri. Proboscis cylindrical, 3-ringed, with large 
papillae around opening of distal ring and few scattered micropapillae, 
with thickened cuticle in basal ring forming longitudinal ridges of 





Ficure 11.—Cabira incerta: a, general outline of complete specimen; b, dorsal view posterior 
end; c, lateral view anterior end with proboscis extended. 


jagged spines. Integument mostly smooth, with few scattered papillae. 
Sometimes pigmented areas dorsal to tentacular cirri and ventral to 
neuropodia on first 2 setigers (fig. 11e). 

Distribution: Chesapeake Bay, Va. In 7 fms. 


Genus Sigambra Miiller, 1858 


Sigambra Miiller, 1858. [Type-species: S. grubii Miiller, 1858, by monotypy. 
Gender: feminine.] 


180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


The genus Sigambra either has been overlooked or has been con- 
sidered to be indeterminable (Hartman, 1947, p. 483; 1959, p. 195). 
The original figures and brief description of S. grubic from Santa 
Catharina Island off Brazil seem to be sufficiently good to allow the 
genus to be retained. I have included on page 182 the figures and 
description of Miiller for S. grubi. 








C 


Ficure 12.—Cabira incerta: a, parapodium from setiger 8; b, same, from setiger 18; 
c, dorsal view anterior end; d, ventral view anterior end; ¢, parapodium from setiger 40. 


Diagnosis: Body long, flattened, with parapodia deeply cut. Pro- 
stomium with 2 biarticulate palps, 3 antennae longer than palps. 
Tentacular segment achaetous, more or less fused to prostomium and 
first setigerous segment, with 2 pairs tentacular cirri. First setigerous 
segment with longer paired dorsal cirri. Parapodia subbiramous. 
Notopodia with notoacicula and stout emergent hooked setae. Dorsal 
cirri long, slender, or flattened leaflike, extending beyond neuropodia. 


ee OEE 


LS 


REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 181 


Neuropodia conical, with neuroacicula and simple neurosetae; neuro- 
setae capillary, smooth and spinous. Ventral cirri shorter, subulate. 
Pygidium with paired long anal cirri. Proboscis unarmed, cylindrical, 
with distal circlet of large conical papillae or indistinctly papillate. 
With intestinal caeca. Integument smooth (not papillated), may be 
areolated or wrinkled. 

The following species are herein referred to Sigambra: 


S. grubii Miller, 1858, p. 214. Santa Catharina Island, Brazil. See page 182. 

S. robusta (Ehlers, 1908, p. 59), as Ancistrosyllis robusta. South Atlantic 
Ocean. 

S. constricta (Southern, 1921, p. 578), as Ancistrosyllis constricta. Chilka 
Lake, India. 

S. tentaculata (Treadwell, 1941, p. 1), as Ancistrosyllis tentaculata. Long 
Island, N.Y. See page 182. 

S. bassi (Hartman, 1947, p. 501), as Ancistrosyllis basst. Florida. See page 186. 

S. ocellata (Hartmann-Schréder, 1959, p. 109), as Ancistrosyllis ocellata. Cen- 
tral America. 

S. hanaokai (Kitamori, 1960, p. 1086), as Ancistrosyllis hanaokai. Seto- 
Inland Sea, Japan. 

S. parva (Day, 1963, p. 395), as Ancistrosyllis parva. South Africa. 

S. wassi, new species. Chesapeake Bay. See page 186. 


Key to the Species of Sigambra 


1. Dorsal cirri only slightly longer than ventral cirri. Dorsal hooked setae 
beginning on setiger 7. Ventral cirri on setiger 2? Very small, young? 
S. ocellata 


Dorsal cirri longer than ventral cirri. . . ; 2 

2. Stout hooked notosetae beginning anterior to ace 20. Cea cirri Ryclate 
on setiger2 .... Pat Se eee ee Ne tee 
Stout hooked notosetae Beevers nostra tal peupee 20 Se ee ek rece oO 

3. Hooked setae beginning on setiger4 .. . AE Nesm cst hc: base 
Hooked setae beginning on about setiger 14 (11- ieee . . S. bassi, p. 186 

4. Median antenna longer than lateral antennae. . . . S. tentaculata, p. 182 
Antennae subequal ..... oy Cae ee 


5. Longer neurosetae finely eaves Bsealive wih capillary oe Shore neuro- 
setae wide, coarsely spinous, tapering to very short bare tips . S. hanaokai 
Longer neurosetae smooth, capillary; shorter neurosetae coarsely spinous, 
with capillary tips... . -) side, 4. PEEVE 

6. Body constricted at setiger 4. Without cones cirri on penne 2. Notopodial 
hooked setae beginning about setiger 30-40. Dorsal cirri fusiform, tapered. 

S. constricta 

Body not constricted at setiger 4. With ventral cirri on all setigers . . . 7 

7. Dorsal cirri fusiform, tapered. Notopodial hooked setae beginning about 
BEUGery Ol Piss ese . . . S. robusta 
Dorsal cirri wide, ieee: ieAfiiee. Notonodial naked setae beginning 
MOU MOLIBCT SG. gue ct ele) so os) 6, ese te, eyo Se Wasee D. LOG 


Note: S. grubii is omitted from key, since the original description failed to mention 
on which setiger the hooked setae begin. See page 182. 


182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Sigambra grubii Miiller 
Ficure 13 
Sigambra grubit Miller, 1858, p. 214, pl. 6, figs. 7-9. 


The figures and description have been taken from Miiller (freely 
translated from the German). 

Description: Body with numerous short segments. Prostomium 
indistinct from longer tentacular segment and first setigerous segment, 
with bilobed frontal part and 2 minute frontal papillae (=biarticulate 
palps), with 3 occipital antennae, without eyes. Tentacular segment 
achaetous, with 2 pairs of tentacular cirri. First setigerous segment 
with upper pair of dorsal cirri very long, about 4 times longer than 
ventral cirri. Parapodia subbiramous. Notopodium with notoacicu- 
lum and single emergent notoseta (setiger on which hooked setae begin 
not indicated; at least posterior to setiger 3, as indicated by fig. 13a); 
dorsal cirri long, slender, subulate, extending beyond neurosetae. 
Neuropodium with neuroaciculum and bundle of simple neurosetae. 
Ventral cirri short, filiform, lacking on setiger 2 (at least not shown in 
fig. 13a). Pygidium with pair of long anal cirri. Proboscis cylindrical, 
with row of papillae. Intestine with lateral projections in bases of 
parapodia. Blood yellowish. 

Distribution: South Atlantic, Santa Catharina Island off Brazil. 


Sigambra tentaculata (Treadwell) 
Ficures 14, 15 
Ancistrosyllis tentaculata Treadwell, 1941, p. 1, figs. 1-3.—Hartman, 1963, p. 13; 
1965, p. 71. 

Material examined: Holotype from Long Island, N.Y., loan from 
AMNH, no. 2893. York River, Va., mud, November 1960, M. Wass, 
coll. Chesapeake Bay off Rappahanock River, sand, June 1962, M. 
Wass, coll. Off Port Aransas, Tex., 27°49’ N., 97°01.6’ W., 5 fms., 
mud, M. Jones, coll. (AMNH). 

Description: Length to 15 mm., width to 2 mm., segments to 91. 
Body somewhat inflated and widest anteriorly, tapered gradually 
posteriorly, flattened dorsoventrally, with parapodia deeply cut, as 
long as body width. Integument smooth, without papillae. Prosto- 
mium variable in shape, posterior margin sometimes appearing indented 
posteriorly and extending on tentacular segment as indicated by 
Treadwell for the holotype (fig. 14a), possibly due to rather shrunken 
condition of specimen; biarticulate palps with large palpophores in- 
distinctly separated from prostomium, with small button-like to fili- 
form palpostyles; median antenna on posterior part of prostomium, 
extending far beyond palps; lateral antennae slightly more anterior 
than median antenna and extending slightly beyond palps; without 
definite eyes but sometimes with deep irregular pigmented areas lateral 





REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 183 


to antennae and crescent-shaped areas posterior to lateral antennae 
(fig. 15a). Tentacular segment longer than following segment, with 
2 pairs of tentacular cirri similar to lateral antennae. Dorsal cirri of 
first setiger longer than following ones, similar to and longer than 
median antenna. 


v= 
¢ 


Ficure 13.—Sigambra grubii (figures taken from Miller, 1858): a, dorsal view anterior 
end; b, parapodium; ¢, notopodial hooked seta. 


Parapodia subbiramous; notopodia low, conical, with notoaciculum 
curving distally; stout, hooked, emergent notoseta beginning on 
setiger 4. Dorsal cirri wide basally, tapering distally, extending be- 
yond setal lobes. Neuropodia conical, with neuroaciculum and nu- 
merous simple neurosetae. Neurosetae variable in length, longer ones 
smooth, capillary, shorter ones spinous with fine tips. Ventral cirri 
slender, subulate, shorter than setal lobes, lacking on setiger 2. Py- 
gidium with 2 long anal cirri. Proboscis with 14 papillae around 
opening, with additional basal papillae irregularly distributed. 

Small specimens apparently of this species from Port Aransas, Tex. 
(14 to 23 setigerous segments, fig. 15¢) agree generally with the larger 


184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


nn 









Ficure 14.—Sigambra tentaculata (a-d, from holotype from Long Island, N.Y.; e, f, from 
specimens from York River): a, dorsal view anterior end, proboscis partially extended _ 
(specimen rather shrunken, the prostomial area extending on tentacular segment may not | 
be natural); b, same, ventral view; c, parapodium; d, neurosetae; e, curved notoaciculum — 
and stout hooked notoseta; f, ventral view posterior end. . 








REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 185 


Figure 15.—Sigambra tentaculata (a-d, from specimens from York River; ¢, from specimen 
from Port Aransas, Tex.): a, dorsal view anterior end; 6, same, from another specimen; 
c, ventral view anterior end, with proboscis extended; d, parapodium from middle region; 
e, small specimen of 14 setigerous segments, with proboscis extended. 


186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


specimens, including notopodial hooked setae beginning on setiger 4, 
ventral cirri lacking on setiger 2; segmental intestinal caeca especially 
prominent. 

Distribution: Off New England, Chesapeake Bay, Gulf of Mexico 
(Texas), northeastern South America, southern California. Inter- 
tidal to 2800 fms. 


Sigambra bassi (Hartman) 
Figure 16 
Ancistrosyllis bassi Hartman, 1945, p. 15; 1947, p. 501, pl. 61, figs. 1-7; 1951, 
p. 36, pl. 11, figs. 1-6. 

Material examined: Paratype from Florida, N 1713, loan from Olga 
Hartman (AHF). Seahorse Key, Fla., Oct. 1960, J. Taylor, coll. 

Description: Length to 40 mm., width to 2 mm., segments to 146. 
Body widest anteriorly, tapered posteriorly, flattened dorsovevtrally, 
with parapodia deeply cut, longer than body width. Color (in life): 
greenish yellow. Integument smooth, without papillae. Prostomium 
with biarticulate palps with large palpophores indistinctly separated 
from prostomium and small button-like palpostyles; median antenna 
on posterior part of prostomium extending far beyond palps; lateral 
antennae slightly more anterior to median antenna, extending little 
beyond palps. Tentacular segment longer than following ones, with 
2 pairs of tentacular cirri similar to lateral antennae. Dorsal cirri of 
first setigerous segment long, similar to median antenna. Parapodia 
subbiramous; notopodia low conical, with notoaciculum curving dis- 
tally, with stout notopodial hooked notoseta beginning about setiger 
14 (11-15); occasionally additional single emergent notoseta, straight 
or slightly curved (called an aciculum by Hartman); dorsal cirri long, 
subulate, extending far beyond setal lobes. Neuropodia conical, with 
neuroaciculum and numerous neurosetae; neurosetae variable in 
length, all ending in capillary tips, longer ones slender, smooth or 
faintly serrated, shorter ones serrated; ventral cirri extending slightly 
beyond setal lobes, lacking on setiger 2. Pygidium with paired long 
anal cirri. Proboscis cylindrical, with circlet of 14 conical papillae 
distally. 


Distribution: North Carolina, Florida, central and southern 
California. Intertidal to 18 fms. 


Sigambra wassi, new species 


Figures 17, 18 


The species is based on two specimens from Chesapeake Bay, off 
Rappahanock River, collected by Marvin Wass, holotype (incomplete 
posteriorly) USNM 30988, 37°37.3’ N., 75°59’ W., sand, 6 fms., 
June 1962; paratype (broken and in 3 pieces) USNM 30987, 37°37’ N., 





REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 187 


76°11’ W., mud, 7 fms., July 1961. The species is named for Marvin 
Wass who collected the specimens. 

Description: Length of incomplete holotype 45 mm., width 5 mm., 
segments 107; length of paratype (in 3 pieces) 70 mm., width 4 mm., 
segments 192. Body large, somewhat flattened, convex dorsally, 
flattened ventrally with midventral depression, tapered gradually 





Ficure 16.—Sigambra bassi (a-e, from paratype from Florida, AHF 1713; f, from specimen 
from Seahorse Key, Fla.): a, dorsal view anterior end; 6, lateral view posterior end; 
c, middle parapodium; d, notoaciculum and notosetae from same; e, neurosetae from same; 
f, middle parapodium. 

782—216—66——_3 





188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


posteriorly, with parapodia long (about as long as body width), thick, 
flattened anteroposteriorly. Integument smooth (not  papillated), 
wrinkled and areolated, especially in anterior and middle regions of 
body. Prostomium with biarticulate palps consisting of large palp- 








Figure 17.—Sigambra wassi, new species (from holotype): a, dorsal view anterior end 
with proboscis extended; b, same, ventral view; c, dorsal view few segments from anterior | 
region; d, same, from middle region; ¢, parapodium from setiger 15, with intestinal caeca 
indicated; f, neurosetae from same. 











REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 189 


ophores indistinctly set off from rest of prostomium and small 
palpostyles; medium antenna on posterior part of prostomium, ex- 
tending to tips of palps; lateral antennae more anterior and slightly 
shorter than median antenna. Tentacular segment achaetous, longer 
than following, with 2 pairs of subequal tentacular cirri, similar to 
median antenna. Dorsal cirri of first setigerous segment longer than 
following. 





Ficure 18.—Sigambra wassi, new species (a, from holotype; b-e, from paratype): a, para- 
podium from setiger 50, with intestinal caeca and eggs indicated; b, lateral view anterior 
end; c, dorsal view posterior end; d, parapodium from posterior region; e, notosetae from 
same. 


Parapodia subiramous, as long as body width, thick, with large 
intestinal dark caeca and with eggs in base (in holotype). Notopodial 
lobe low, indistinct, with notoacicula curving distally, with emergent 
acicular seta visible externally about setiger 25 (23/25 in holotype, 
30/31 in paratype); in addition, with extra single curved pointed 


190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


notoseta in posterior segments (figs. 18d,e). Dorsal cirri large, 
flattened, leaflike, wide basally, tapering distally, extending beyond 
neuropodial lobes. Neuropodium conical with neuroaciculum and 
numerous silky neurosetae. Neurosetae simple, shorter and coarsely 
spinous to longer and faintly spinous, all tapering to capillary tips. 
Ventral cirri beginning on setiger 1, present on all setigers, subulate, 
slightly shorter than dorsal cirri. Pygidium with 2 long anal cirri. 
Proboscis cylindrical, with indefinite papillae around opening and with 
irregular papillated area basally. 

Remarks: S. wassi superficially resembles the figures given for 
Otopsis longipes Ditlevsen, both being large, flattened, with integument 
wrinkled and folded, with dorsal and ventral cirri large, lamelliform 
and with numerous capillary setae. They differ in the following 
characters: 


Otopsis longipes Ditlevsen Sigambra wassi, new species 


Segment I: Tentacular segment achaetous, Same 
with 2 pairs of subequal 
tentacular cirri 


Segment II: Second tentacular segment First setigerous segment 
achaetous with 1 pair of with long dorsal cirri and 
tentacular cirri shorter ventral cirri 

Segment III: First setigerous segment with Second setigerous segment 
dorsal and ventral cirri 

Notopodia: With 2 notoacicula, without With single notoaciculum 
notosetae and emergent hooked 


notoseta beginning on 
setiger 23-31 


S. wassi differs from the other species of Sigambra as indicated in 
the key on page 181. 
Distribution: Chesapeake Bay, Va. In 6-7 fms. 


Genus Synelmis Chamberlin, 1919 


Synelmis Chamberlin, 1919. [Type-species: S. simplex Chamberlin, 1919, by 


original designation and monotypy; =S. albini (Langerhans, 1881). Gender: | 


neuter. 

ai Ehlers, 1920. [Type-species: K. inermis Ehlers, 1920, by mono- 
typy; =S. albini (Langerhans, 1881). Gender: masculine.] 

Glyphohesione Friedrich, 1950. [Type-species: G. klatti Friedrich, 1950, by 
monotypy. Gender: feminine.] 

Diagnosis: Body long, subcylindrical, stiff, wiry, with lateral 
parapodia sharply marked off from body. Prostomium small, with 
paired biarticulate palps, 3 antennae. Tentacular segment achaetous, 
with 2 pairs of tentacular cirri. Parapodia subbiramous. Notopodia 
with notoacicula and stout, emergent, straight or slightly curved, 





REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 191 


acicular setae (not hooked); dorsal cirri short, subulate. Neuropodia 
cylindrical, with neuroacicula and simple neurosetae; neurosetae 
capillary, limbate; ventral cirri short, subulate. Pygidium with 
paired short anal cirri. Proboscis unarmed, cylindrical. Without 
intestinal caeca. Integument smooth, with thick, highly iridescent 
cuticle, not papillated or areolated. 

A single species has previously been referred to Synelmis, S. simplex 
Chamberlin, 1919, p. 177. Tuamotu Islands, South Pacific. Herein 
referred to S. albini (Langerhans), see below. 

A single species has previously been referred to Kynephorus, K. 
inermis Ehlers, 1920, p. 27. Amboina, Indonesia. Herein referred 
to S. albini (Langerhans), see below. 

A single species has been described previously under Glyphohesione, 
G. klatti Friedrich, 1950, p. 169. Off Helgoland, North Sea. See 
Eliason, 1962, p. 29, as Ancistrosyllis klatti. Herein referred to 
Synelmis, perhaps young of S. albini? 

Other species were described under Ancistrosyllis and are being re- 
ferred to Synelmis albini. See below and page 165. 


Key to the Species of Synelmis 


1. Dorsal cirri of first setiger similar to following. Dorsal and ventral cirr 


STUNTS RIE MN ee eA nee op MOS te ae cope os, Og Ate Ao ea crag Sa RD 
Dorsal cirri of first setiger about 2 times longer than following. Dorsal cirr 
longer than ventral cirri, extending beyond parapodial lobes. . S. klatt 


Synelmis albini (Langerhans) 
Ficures 19-21 

Ancistrosyllis albint Langerhans, 1881, p. 107, fig. 16, a~-e—Hartman, 1965, p. 70. 
Synelmis simpler Chamberlin, 1919, p. 177, pl. 28, figs. 1-5. 
Ancistrosyllis rigida Fauvel, 1919, p. 337, fig. 1, a-e; 1932, p. 64; 1953, p. 7.— 

Augener, 1927, p. 50.—Hartman, 1947, p. 498, pl. 62, figs. 1-7; 1954, p. 629. 
Kynephorus inermis Ehlers, 1920, p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 1-9. 
Ancistrosyllis gracilis Hessle, 1925, p. 34, fig. 12. 
Ancistrosyllis gorgonensis Monro, 1933a, p. 26, fig. 12, a—d. 


Remarks: Ancistrosyllis albini, described by Langerhans in 1881 
from the Canary Islands, was evidently overlooked by Chamberlin, 
1919 (Synelmis simplex), Fauvel, 1919 (Ancistrosyllis rigida), and 
Ehlers, 1920 (Kynephorus inermis). Augener, 1927, synonomized K. 
inermis with A. rigida. He also suggested that both inermis and 
rigida might well be referred to A. albini and that the apparent differ- 
ences could be due to preservation, since A. albina was described and 
figured from a living specimen and not contracted due to preservation, 
as in the specimens described by the other authors. Hessle, 1925 
(A. gracilis) and Monro, 1933a (A. gorgonensis) indicated that their 
respective species were close to A. rigida and A. albini. Hartman, 


192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


1947, referred A. gorgonensis to A. rigida. 'The tubercles on the cirri 
of A. gracilis, mentioned and figured by Hessle, appear to be internal 
structures and not external papillae as in some other pilargids. The 
presence or absence of shorter neuropodial forked setae is not a good 
character, since the forked setae appear to be formed by fracture and 
splitting of the longer neurosetae; thus they are variable in occurrence 
and appearance. 





Ficure 19.—Synelmis albini (from specimen from Antigua): a, dorsolateral view anterior 
end, with proboscis partially extended; b, lateral view segments 49-50; c, outline of cross 
section in region of setiger 50; d, parapodium from same, the thick cuticle shown. 


Material examined: Holotype and paratype of Synelmis simplex 
Chamberlin, Tuamotu Islands, South Pacific, USNM 19480, 19481. 
Saipan, Marshall Islands, Central Pacific. Ft. Barclay, English 
Harbor, Antigua, Barbados-Antigua Expedition, 1918. Dry Tortu- 
gas, Fl., 1914 (AMNH). Old Tampa Bay, Fla., January 1959, M. L. 
Jones (4 small spec.; AMNH). | 

Description: Length to 60 mm., width to 1.5 mm., segments to 170. | 
Body elongate, subcylindrical, tapered posteriorly, segmental grooves © 
indistinct anterodorsally, with parapodia distinctly set off from body, — 
having general aspect of a goniadid (may have distinct midventral and 
dorsolateral grooves when preserved, as in some opheliids, fig. 19¢). 
Prostomium with pair of biarticulate palps sometimes turned ven- — 








REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 193 


trally; palpophores large, oval; palpostyles small, oval, sometimes 
retracted within palpophores; with additional ventrolateral papilla on 
palpostyles; with 3 short antennae, lateral pair and posterior median; 





Ficure 20.—Synelmis albini (a-b, from specimen from Saipan; c-g, from specimen from Dry 
Tortugas, Fla.): a, dorsal view anterior end; b, ventral view same, the palpostyles 
retracted within palpophores; c, parapodium from setiger 50; d, outline of cross section 
near posterior end; ¢, parapodium from same, the thick cuticle shown; f, neuroseta; g, 
forked neuroseta. 


with pair of posterior eyes, each 2-4 contiguous spots. Tentacular 
segment prominent, overhanging prostomium and forming ventral lip, 
achaetous, with 2 pairs of subequal tentacular cirri. Dorsal cirri of 


194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


first setiger similar to following. Parapodia subbiramous, with dorsal 
and ventral cirri subequal, subulate to oval with acuminate tips. 
Notopodia with 1-2 notoacicula and stout, emergent, straight or 
slightly bent, acicular notosetae, beginning on setiger 5-20 (difficult to 
detect, not emergent at first). Neuropodia short, cylindrical, with 3 
neuroacicula and bundle of neurosetae. Neurosetae limbate, tapering 
to capillary tips, limbate part sometimes appearing frayed or finely 
spinous (they break easily and the shorter broken setae may appear to 


0.2 mm. 





onmaslaar 





b 


Ficure 21.—Synelmis albini (a, from specimen from Dry Tortugas, Fla.; b-d, from small 
specimen from Old Tampa Bay, Fla.): a, dorsal view posterior end; b, outline of young 
specimen; c, lateral view anterior end; d, posterior parapodium of same (setiger 75), 
with two emergent neuroacicula. 


be forked, fig. 20g). Pygidium rounded, with pair of anal cirri 
similar to dorsal and ventral cirri. Proboscis long, cylindrical, muscu- 
lar, without papillae. Without intestinal caeca. Extra well- 
developed, dorsolateral and ventrolateral longitudinal muscles and 
diagonal muscles (figs. 19¢; 20d). Integument with thick, smooth, 
iridescent cuticle extending on bases of dorsal and ventral cirri, 
without papillae. Color (preserved): yellowish to reddish, dark 
brown, iridescent, with reddish glandular areas at bases of parapodia. 





REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 195 


Small specimens from Old Tampa Bay, Fla. (86 segments, 22 mm. 
long, 0.3 mm. wide, figs. 21b-d) showed the dorsal cirri longer, digiti- 
form; neuropodia with 3 acicula, 2 of which project beyond setal lobe, 
with slender capillary neurosetae. 

Distribution: Widespread in tropical and subtropical waters. 
North Pacific (off Japan, southern to Lower California, Panama), 
Central and South Pacific (Marshall Islands, Tuamotu Islands, 
Gambier Islands), Red Sea, Indian Ocean, North Atlantic (Canary 
Islands, West Indies) Gulf of Mexico (Florida, Dry Tortugas). 
Intertidal to 1388 fms. 


Genus Harpochaeta Korschelt, 1893 


Harpochaeta Korschelt, 1893. [Type-species: H. cingulata Korschelt, 1893, by 
monotypy. ‘Trieste, Italy, in plankton. Gender: feminine.] 

Diagnosis: Body elongated, with segmentation well marked. 
Prostomium rounded, with paired ventral palpostyles, 3 antennae and 
2 eyes. Tentacular segment with 2 pairs of tentacular cirri. Para- 
podia subbiramous. Notopodia with dorsal cirri and emergent, 
notopodial, hooked setae beginning at about setiger 5. Neuropodia 
conical, with capillary, simple neurosetae, with ventral cirri. Tentac- 
ular, dorsal and ventral cirri jointed. Pair of short anal cirri. 
Larval organs consisting of prototroch, telotroch, larval organs in 
prostomium and pygidium. 

Remarks: Harpochaeta has been referred by some authors to 
Ancistrosyllis. However until the adult of the only known species, 
H. cingulata, has been identified, it is difficult to know to what genus 
Harpochaeta should be referred. Of the known genera, it might be 
referred to Sigambra Miiller, 1858, Ancistrosyllis McIntosh, 1879, or 
Cabira Webster, 1879. 


Genus Loandalia Monro, 1963 


Loandalia Monro, 1936. [Type-species: L. aberrans Monro, 1936, p. 193, by 
monotypy. Gender: feminine.] 

?Hermundura Miller, 1858. [Type-species: H. tricuspis Miller, 1858, p. 216, by 
monotypy. Gender: feminine. Brazil.] 

?Telehsapia Fauvel, 1932. [Type-species: 7’. annandalei Fauvel, 1932, p. 251, by 
monotypy. Gender: feminine. Gulf of Siam.} 


Diagnosis: Body long, slender, subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly ; 
anterior region (first 5-10 setigers) inflated to form a “thorax,” with 
conical parapodia projecting from body (not deeply cut). Pro- 
stomium very reduced, inconspicuous, with reduced biarticulate 
palps, without antennae. Tentacular segment achaetous, without 
tentacular cirri. Parapodia subbiramous. Notopodia low or absent, 
with projecting stout notoacicula, with few additional slender 
782-216—66——4 


196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


notosetae. Without dorsal cirri. Neuropodia conical, with small, 
terminal neuropodial cirri, or ‘‘ventral cirri” (not in usual position 
for ventral cirri), with neuroacicula and neurosetae. Neurosetae 
simple, geniculate, or curved, with expanded blades and numerous 
transverse rows of teeth. Pygidial lobe rounded or concave platelike, 
with 3 small cirri, a lateral pair and midventral one. Proboscis un- 


armed, long, muscular, subclavate, with circlet of papillae around | 
opening. Without intestinal caeca. Integument smooth or areolated | 


(not papillated). 
The following species have been referred previously to Loandalia 
Monro: 


L. aberrans Monro, 1936, p. 193. Angola, South West Africa. 

L. fauveli Berkeley and Berkeley, 1941, p. 30. Southern California. See 
below. 

L. americana Hartman, 1947, p. 506. Gulf of Mexico, Southern California. 
Referred to L. fauveli, see below. 

L. gracilis Hartmann-Schréder, 1959, p. 112. El Salvador, Central America. 
Referred to L. fawveli, see below. 

L. capensis Day, 1963, p. 396. South Africa. Referred to Cabira, see 
page 178. 

L. indica Thomas, 1963, p. 29. Arabian Sea. Questionable species (the part 

described as an anterior end appears to be a broken fragment). 


Key to the Species of Loandalia 


1. With ventral filiform branchiae beginning about setiger 54. 
L. aberrans Monro 
Without ventral filiform branchiae ... L. fauveli Berkeley and Berkeley 


Loandalia fauveli Berkeley and Berkeley 


FIGURES 22, 23 


Loandalia fauveli Berkeley and Berkeley, 1941, p. 30, figs. 4-6—Hartman, | 


1960, p. 89. 


Loandalia americana Hartman, 1947, p. 506, pl. 63, figs. 1-7; 1951, p. 39, pl. 12, | 


figs. 1-3. 
Loandalia gracilis Hartmann-Schréder, 1959, p. 112, figs. 51-57 (young?). 


Material examined: Holotype of LZ. fauveli from southern California, — 
loan from Cyril Berkeley. Two paratypes of L. americana from | 
Biloxi, Miss., loan from Olga Hartman (AHF). Gulf County, Cape 


San Blas, Fla.; Suwannee, Dixie County, Fla.; Keaton Beach, Taylor 


County, Fla.; near Lynn Haven, Bay County, Fla., subtidal grass — 


flats, loan from Meredith Jones (AMNH). Pensacola, Fla., 1885. 


Boat dredge in Mississippi Sound, 9 miles off Bayou, February 1898. — 


Davis Bay, Miss., 1949, brackish water. 


Description: Length to 125 mm., width to 3.3 mm., segments to 300. | 
Body subcylindrical with inflated anterior region of 5 or so setigers 
(this region may be areolated, especially in larger specimens). Prosto- — 


REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 197 
\ 
| 


mium small, inconspicuous, subtriangular, with palpophores indistinct 
from rest of prostomium, with small knoblike palpostyles which may 
be partially telescoped within palpophores. Small notopodia begin- 





Ficure 22.—Loandalia fauveli (a-f, from holotype of L. fauveli; g, from paratype of L. 
americana, large specimen; h, 1, from small specimen of L. fauveli from Bay County, 
Fla.): a, dorsolateral view anterior end; b, ventrolateral view anterior end; c, parapodium 
from middle region; d, same, from posterior end; e, notopodium, enlarged; f, neurosetae; 
g, dorsal view anterior end, with proboscis extended; h, parapodium; 1, neuroseta. 


ning on setiger 2 (may be inconspicuous and easily overlooked in 
anterior areolated region of larger specimens; overlooked by Berkeley 
for ZL. fawveli); notopodia consisting of slightly projecting lobe with 
stout crystal-clear notoacicu!um; tips of notoacicula projecting from 


198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


about setiger 8 (larger specimens) to 40 (smaller specimens) on; with 
additional slender notosetae, 2-3 in number (anterior 7 or so setigers) 
or 1-0. Neuropodia cylindro-conical with small “ventral cirri’ on 
ventral side of distal ends, with moderate number of neurosetae (to 
about 15). Neurosetae simple, geniculate or curved, tapering to fine | 


| 
| 
| 
\ 
| 





Ficure 23.—Loandalia fauveli (from paratype of L. americana, small specimen): a, dorsal — 
view anterior end with prostomium partially retracted within tentacular segment; b, two 


segments from posterior third, dorsal view; c, ventral view posterior end; d, lateral view 
posterior end. 





- 


EE EEE EEE 


REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 199 


tips, with numerous transverse spinous rows. Pygidium a rounded 
anal plate, concave ventrally, with pair of lateral cirri and midventral 
one. Proboscis long, subcylindrical, clavate, with circlet of 8 large 
papillae. Without intestinal caeca. 

Distribution: Southern California, Central America, Gulf of Mexico 
(Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana). In low water to 625 fms. 


Family Polynoidae 


The pelagic polynoid upon which this part of the study was based 
is the holotype of Ancistrosyllis longicirrata, taken from the plankton 
off Peru and reported by Berkeley and Berkeley in 1961, with the 
suggestion that it might be a juvenile of a bottom-living form. They 
erroneously put it with the pilargids rather than with the polynoids. 
Mr. Cyril Berkeley very kindly sent me the holotype and has allowed 
me to study it and make additions and corrections to the original 
description. It can be referred to Podarmus ploa Chamberlin, a 
pelagic form described from off Easter Island in the South Pacific. 
The holotype of the latter species is in the U.S. National Museum but 
it is in very poor condition, being dark, brittle, and covered with 
crystals, making it difficult to study many of the structures; according 
to the original description by Chamberlin, it had been fixed in 
Fleming’s fluid, causing a blackening of the tissues. Coloration and 
the poor condition of the specimen could account for Chamberlin’s 
failure to mention some features. The elytra are missing on the 
specimens from both collections. Both are probably juveniles and 
not fully developed (30 segments, 14 pairs elytrophores for P. ploa; 
35 segments, 16 pairs elytrophores for A longicirrata). Podarmus 
atlanticus Monro is herein referred to P. ploa since the setal differences 
indicated by Monro appear to be within the range of variation for the 
species; the specimen was perhaps fully developed (45 segments, 18 
pairs elytrophores). 


Genus Podarmus Chamberlin, 1919, emended 


Podarmus Chamberlin, 1919. [Type-species: P. ploa Chamberlin, 1919, by 
original designation and monotypy. Gender: masculine.] 


Diagnosis: Colorless and transparent, pelagic. Body short, taper- 
ing posteriorly, composed of relatively few segments (30-45). Pro- 
stomium bilobed, rounded, without cephalic peaks; 3 long antennae 
with ceratophores distinct, median antenna inserted in anterior notch, 
lateral antennae inserted slightly ventrally (subterminally, not 
lepidonotoid or halosydnoid), with paired palps. Tentacular segment 
achaetous, with 2 pairs of long tentacular cirri. With pair of long 
ventral cirri or buccal cirri on segment 2 (first setigerous). Parapodia 


200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


subbiramous. Notopodia small, with notoacicula only. Neuropodia | 
elongated, with presetal and postsetal lips. Neurosetae of 2 kinds: — 
1) long, slender, with coarse serrations basally, with capillary tips; | 
2) shorter, with few serrations and slightly hooked tips. Elytral | 
pairs 14-18 (often missing); elytrophores on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, | 
13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 26, 29 (14 pairs, as in holotype P. ploa), 32, 35 | 
(16 pairs, as in holotype A. longicirrata), 38?, 41? (18 pairs, as in P, | 
atlanticus; exact arrangement not stated). Dorsal cirri on non- 
elytra-bearing segments long, tapered. Ventral cirri short, tapered. — 
Pair of long anal cirri. Pharynx of usual polynoid type, with jaws — 
and circlet of 18 papillae. With clavate glandular processes at bases | 
of ventral cirri and at ventral bases of parapodia; with row of glandular | 
prominences on ventroposterior borders of neuropodia and large | 
elandular structures in upper part of neuropodia. 


Podarmus ploa Chamberlin 
Figures 24-26 


Podarmus ploa Chamberlin, 1919, p. 46, pl. 6, fig. 6, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2. 
Podarmus atlanticus Monro, 1930, p. 42, fig. 7.—St@p-Bowitz, 1948, p. 13, fig. 9. | 
Ancistrosyllis longicirrata Berkeley and Berkeley, 1961, p. 658, figs. 5-7. 


Material examined: Holotype of Podarmus ploa from off Easter | 
Island, South Pacific, from plankton (USNM 19458). Holotype of | 
Ancistrosyllis longicirrata Berkeley and Berkeley from off Peru, South | 
Pacific, from plankton (loan from Cyril Berkeley, now deposited in | 
USNM 30990). 

Description: Length to 13 mm., width including setae to 4 mm., 
segments to 45. Body widest toward anterior region, tapered ante- 
riorly and posteriorly, convex dorsally, flattened ventrally, with 
parapodia very long, length exceeding width of body. ‘Transparent. 
Prostomium bilobed, rounded anteriorly, without cephalic peaks. 
Median antenna with ceratophore in anterior notch, with style long, 
slender, tapering, smooth; lateral antennae with ceratophores at 
nearly same level as median antenna but inserted slightly ventrally, 
with styles similar to but shorter than median antenna; with pair of 
thick, contractile, tapering palps (thus variable in length), with pair 
of glandular clavate processes below palps; with 2 pairs of light- 
colored eyes, anterior pair lateral in position, posterior pair postero- 
dorsal. Tentacular segment achaetous, lateral to prostomium, with 
2 pairs of tentacular cirri on distinct ceratophores, lower pair similar 
to medium antenna, upper pair longer. First setigerous segment 
(segment 2 or buccal segment) with first pair of elytrophores and mid- 
dorsal semicircular flap extending on posterior part of prostomium; 
ventrally it forms posterior lip of mouth, with extra long ventral cirri 





REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 201 





Ficure 24.—Podarmus ploa (from holotype of Ancistrosyllis longicirrata): a, dorsal view 
prostomium and first 3 segments, elytra, dorsal cirri, and right palp missing; b, same, ven- 
tral view; c, dorsal view posterior end (segments 30-35), first dorsal cirri, elytra on seg- 
ments 32 and 35, and anal cirri missing. 


202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


(buccal cirri) similar to lateral antennae and with oval glandular 
organs on ventral sides of cirrophores. 

Elytra usually missing; according to Stg¢p-Bowitz, rather large, 
translucent, with small warty papillae; elytrophores cylindrical, up to 
18 pairs when fully formed, arranged as indicated in generic diagnosis. 
Dorsal cirri with cylindrical cirrophores; styles long, tapering, smooth, 
extending to tips of setae. Ventral cirri in middle of neuropodial 





Ficure 25.—Podarmus ploa: a, middle parapodium of cirrigerous segment, anterior view, 
style of dorsal cirrus missing (tips of neurosetae not shown; acicula and glandular areas 
indicated); b, same, posterior view. 


lobes, tapering, smooth, shorter than setal lobes. Parapodia sub- 
biramous; notopodia short, conical, on anterodorsal side of neuro- 
podia, with notoacicula only, without notosetae. Neuropodial lobe 
elongated, flattened anteroposteriorly, split terminally into longer 
presetal and shorter postsetal lips, with elongated inflated glandular 
areas distal to notopodial lobe, with stout neuroaciculum extending 
into postsetal lip, with fan-shaped bundle of neurosetae. Neuro- 
setae of 2 kinds: lower ones shorter, stouter, with a few heavy widely 
spaced spinous rows (3-4), with tips slightly hooked, sometimes 





REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 203 


slightly bidentate; middle and upper setae more slender, enlarged 
basal parts with few heavier spinous rows and low ridges, with ter- 
minal whiplike tips. 

Parapodial glandular structures present, containing large cells 
and giving off material having appearance of long cilia when pre- 
served (fig. 25a): (1), large stalked papillae posterior to bases of ven- 





AN 
0.2mm 


dA 


Figure 26.—Podarmus ploa: a, middle parapodium of cirrigerous segment, ventral view 
(tips of neurosetae not shown); b, same, dorsal view, style of dorsal cirrus missing (acicula 
indicated); c, upper neuroseta; d, lower neurosetae. 


tral cirri, beginning on setiger 4-5 and continuing posteriorly (= 
cylindrical processes, Chamberlin; =clavate processes or enlarged 
genito-nephridial papillae, Monro; =stalked ciliated papillae, Berke- 
ley); (2) smaller oval papillae on ventral basal parts of parapodia on 





204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


all setigers, below palps, and lateral to anal cirri; (3) row of circular 
areas (about 6) on posteroventral sides of parapodia between bases of 
ventral cirri and bases of parapodia (= row of ciliated prominences, 
Berkeley); (4) elongated areas in dorsal part of neuropodia distal to 
notopodia (= possibly ovarium, Stép-Bowitz). 

Pydigium rounded, with pair of long anal cirri and pair of rounded 
glandular lobes lateral to cirri. Pharynx well developed, muscular, 
cylindrical, with jaws and circlet of 18 terminal papillae (Stép-Bowitz). 

Distribution: South Pacific (off Easter Island, off Peru), South 
Atlantic (Gulf of Guinea off West Africa), North Atlantic (Sargasso 
Sea). In plankton, surface to 222 fms. 


Literature Cited 


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DAY Js EL: 

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REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 205 


Eviason, ANDERS 

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FAUVEL, PIERRE 

1919. Annélides polychétes des Iles Gambier et Touamotou. Bull. Mus. 
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1920. Les genres Ancistrosyllis et Pilargis (Hesionidae). Bull. Soc. Zool. 
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1932. Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Mem. 
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1953. Annélides polychétes de la Croisi¢tre du President Théodore Tissier 
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1950. Zwei neue bestandteile in der Fauna der Nordsee. Neue Ergeb. 

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REVISION OF PILARGIDAE—PETTIBONE 207 


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U.S, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1966 














Proceedings of 
the United States 


National Museum 





SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION +- WASHINGTON, D.C. 


Volume 118 1966 Number 3526 


DESCRIPTIONS AND RECORDS 
OF WEST INDIAN CERAMBYCIDAE 
(COLEOPTERA) 


By Joun A. CHemsax! 


This paper is intended primarily to report on a collection of Ceram- 
bycidae made by Dr. J. F. Gates Clarke, Chairman of the Depart- 
ment of Entomology, U.S. National Museum, while a member of the 
Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expeditions to the British Virgin 
Islands and British West Indies in 1956 and 1958. A total of 136 
Cerambycidae representing 13 genera and 21 species was taken on 
these faunistically interesting islands. Of these, six are presumed to be 
new and one previously described is considered to belong to a new 
genus. 

A second objective is to contribute further to the knowledge of the 
cerambycid fauna of the West Indies. Although no major monograph 
covering this area as a whole has yet been published, a number of 
papers dealing with island groups or reporting new species have been 
published. Subsequent to 1862 when Chevrolat described several 
of the Cuban species, the major works have been those of Gahan (1895) 


1 Department of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley. 


209 
782-217—_66——1 


210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


and Fisher (1925, 1926, 1932, 1935a, 1935b, 1941, 1942, and 1947). 
The most recent contribution has been that of Cazier and Lacey 
(1952) dealing with the Bahama Islands. 

The author is grateful to Dr. Clarke for the opportunity to study 
his material and to Professor E. G. Linsley for his assistance. This 
project was undertaken during the course of a National Science 
Foundation sponsored study on North American Cerambycidae 
(Grant GB-2326). 

Types of new species are deposited in the collection of the US. 
National Museum. 


Subfamily Cerambycinae 
Tribe Methiini 


Methia insularum, new species 


Male: Form slender, short; elytra pale brownish testaceous; append- 
ages darker; head, prothorax, and underside brownish to reddish 
piceous; pubescence pale, sparse, short, distinct. Head wider than 
pronotum; eyes separated on vertex by about diameter of third 
antennal segment or less, separated beneath by a distance subequal 
to diameter of antennal scape, upper and lower lobes connected by 
a single row of facets; antennae extending about five segments beyond 
body, scape with apical tooth small, erect hairs along outside margin 
of segments shorter than diameter of segments, internal cilia dense, 
suberect, slightly longer on the basal segments than the erect outside 
hairs. Pronotum broader than long, sides rounded, base strongly 
constricted, transverse impression not extending across disc, apex 
feebly constricted and impressed; disc scabrous, punctures shallow, 
vague, central area flattened, with a round, glabrous, depressed callus 
at middle near base and two indistinct, raised calluses at basal margin; 
pubescence sparse, long, subdepressed; stridulatory plate of meso- 
notum not grooved; prosternum convex; episternum of metathorax 
scabrous, opaque. Elytra about twice as long as broad, extending 
to fourth abdominal segment; each elytron with a distinct median 
costa; punctures dense, fine, confluent, shallow; pubescence rather 
dense, short, recurved. Legs moderately densely pubescent, femora 
scabrous. Abdomen sparsely punctate and pubescent; apex of last 
sternite emarginate truncate. Length 4-6 mm. 

Female: Slightly larger, more elongate; color usually paler with 
head and prothorax orangish brown; antennae extending about 
four segments beyond body, segments clothed with short suberect 
hairs; elytral apices narrowly round; apex of last abdominal sternite 
deeply emarginate, V-shaped. Length 4-7.5 mm. 





WEST INDIAN CERAMBYCIDAE—CHEMSAK 211 


Holotype male (USNM 68224), allotype female, and 10 paratypes 
(2 HoH, 8 99) from Prickly Pear Isl., Vixen Point, Virgin Gorda, B.V.L., 
Apr. 14, 1956, and Apr. 6, 1958 (J. F. G. Clarke); additional specimens 
not designated as paratypes include: 2 #7, Francis Bay, Saint Johns, 
A.V.I., Mar. 25, 1958. 

The elytra of this species are pale with a little infuscation often 
present at the base. MM. insularum differs from M. necydalea (Fabri- 
cius) by the usually concolorous elytra, narrower elytral apices, 
shorter pubescence of the antennal segments, and almost impunctate 
pronotal disc. From M. pallida Fisher, it may be distinguished by 
having the lobes of the eyes connected by a single row of facets. 


Methia impressicollis, new species 


Female: Form slender, small; color brownish testaceous; elytra 
slightly paler; pubescence pale, sparse, short. Head slightly wider 
than pronotum; eyes separated on vertex by less than diameter of 
third antennal segment, separated beneath by a distance greater than 
diameter of antennal scape, upper and lower lobes connected by a 
single row of facets; antennae extending about four segments beyond 
body, scape with strong apical tooth, segments densely clothed with 
short suberect hairs along outside margin, suberect hairs of inside 
margin longer. Pronotum broader than long, sides rounded, base 
strongly constricted and broadly, deeply impressed transversely, 
apex less strongly constricted, shallowly impressed; disc slightly con- 
cave with an impressed, subglabrous, V-shaped area at middle begin- 
ning near basal margin, surface scabrous, punctures fine, vague; 
pubescence fine, mostly subdepressed; stridulatory plate of mesonotum 
not grooved; prosternum narrowly impressed; episternum of meta- 
thorax opaque. Elytra over 2% times as long as broad, extending 
to about fourth abdominal segment; costae vague, punctures fine, 
shallow, irregular, somewhat rugulose; pubescence very short, erect. 
Legs with femora minutely rugulose, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen 
with last sternite deeply V-shaped emarginate at apex. Length 5mm. 

Holotype female (USNM 67325) from Little Harbor, Jost Van 
Dyke, B.V.I., Apr. 1, 1958 (J. F. G. Clarke). 

This species differs from the other known West Indian Methia by 
the V-shaped impression of the pronotum. 


Tribe Achrysonini 


Achryson surinamum (Linnaeus) 


Ceramhyz surinamus Linnaeus, 1767, p. 632. 
Achryson surinamum.—White, 1855, p. 298. 


Two 99, Saint Ann’s Hill, Antigua, B.W.I., Apr. 19, 21, 1958. 
For a synonymical bibliography of this species, see Linsley, 1962. 


ZN PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 118 


Tribe Hesperophanini 


Eburia decemmaculata (Fabricius) 
Stenocorus 10-maculatus Fabricius, 1775, p. 181. 
Eburia decemmaculata.—White, 1855, p. 91. 
One 9, English Harbor, Antigua, B.W.I., Apr. 20, 1958. 


Eburia quadrimaculata (Linnaeus) 
Cerambyz 4-maculatus Linnaeus, 1767, p. 626. 
Eburia quadrimaculata.— Audinet-Serville, 1834, p. 9. 
Three oo’, Sopers Hole, Tortola, B.V.I., Apr. 5, 1958. 


Tribe Elaphidionini 
Elaphidion glabratum (Fabricius) 
Stenocorus glabratus Fabricius, 1792, p. 295. 


Elaphidion glabratum.—Newman, 1840, p. 27. 
One <, Sopers Hole, Tortola, B.V.I., Apr. 5, 1958. 


Elaphidion insulare Newman 


Elaphidion insulare Newman, 1840, p. 27. 

One 2, Mount Sage, 1000’, Tortola, B.V.I., Apr. 17, 1956; 2 99, 
Sopers Hole, Tortola, B.V.I., Apr. 5, 1958; 1 &, Prickly Pear Isl., 
Vixen Point, Virgin Gorda, B.V.I., Apr. 6, 1958. 


Elaphidionoides thomae (Gahan) 


Elaphidion thomae Gahan, 1895, p. 104. 

Fourteen oo’, 13 92, Prickly Pear Isl., Vixen Point, Virgin Gorda, 
B.V.I. Apr. 6, 1958; 18 @o, 12 99, Sopers Hole, Tortola, B.V.I., 
Apr. 5, 1958; 1 9, Sopers Hole, Mar. 31, 1958; 1 9, Francis Bay, 
Saint Johns, A.V.I., Mar. 25, 1958. 


Curtomerus flavus (Fabricius) 


Callidium flavum Fabricius, 1775, p. 191. 
Cylindera flava.—Aurivillius 1912, p. 120. 
Curtomerus flavus.—Gressitt, 1956, p. 77. 

Three 7%, 3 99, Prickly Pear Isl., Vixen Point, Virgin Gorda, 
B.V.I., Apr. 14, 1956, Apr. 6, 1958; 1 9, No. of Road Bay, 200’, 
Anguilla, B.W.I., Apr. 12, 1958; 1 o&, Flat Top Point, Anguilla, 
B.W.I., Apr. 13, 1958; 1 o&, 1 9, Oyster Pond, Barbuda, B.W.L., 
Apr. 6, 1956. 

A complete synonymical bibliography for this species can be found 
in Linsley, 1963. 





WEST INDIAN CERAMBYCIDAE—CHEMSAK 213 
Curtomerus subflavus, new species 


Male: Form robust, somewhat depressed; color uniformly brownish 
testaceous, appendages slightly paler; pubescence golden, moderately 
dense. Head finely, shallowly, confluently punctate on vertex and 
front, area between prominent antennal tubercles shallowly concave, 
median line not deep; erect, stiff setae numerous around mouthparts, 
pubescence sparse, short, subdepressed and suberect elsewhere; 
antennae extending about two segments beyond elytra, segments 
from second densely clothed with very short, appressed pubescence, 
long erect hairs dense along inside margin, long hairs also numerous at 
outside margin of basal segments, scape shining, finely densely punc- 
tate, sparsely clothed with long, suberect and short, appressed hairs, 
third segment slightly longer than scape, fourth subequal to scape, 
fifth longer than third, eleventh longer than tenth. Pronotum about 
as long as broad, sides rounded, base deeply constricted, impressed 
at sides, apex feebly constricted, not impressed; disc flattened, with a 
median, longitudinal, nonelevated, glabrous callus; punctures around 
median callus coarse, confluent, rugose appearing from basal margin 
to apical one-third of disc, punctures finer and separated toward 
apex, sides at apex and base very sparsely punctate; each puncture 
giving rise to a long, suberect, yellowish hair; prosternum not impressed, 
with distinctly delimited, densely punctate areas extending from sides 
of pronotum to narrow, glabrous, central area which joins the trans- 
versely impressed collar, pubescence sparse; meso- and metasternum 
sparsely punctate and pubescent; scutellum small, subglabrous. 
Elytra less than 2% times as long as broad; basal punctures finer than 
those of pronotal disc, separated, becoming finer and sparser only 
at extreme apex; pubescence consisting of long suberect, recurved 
hairs, each arising out of a puncture; each elytron strongly bicostate; 
apices rounded. Legs with femora strongly clavate, minutely 
punctate, pubescence long, suberect and short, appressed. Abdomen 
shining, very sparsely punctate and pubescent; apex of last sternite 
rounded. Length 12 mm, 

Female: Antennae slightly shorter than body; prosternum shining, 
very sparsely punctate, shallowly rugulose; apex of last abdominal 
sternite subtruncate. Length 9-10 mm. 

Holotype male (USNM 67326), allotype female from Flat Top 
Point, Anguilla, B.W.I., Apr. 13, 1958 (J. F. G. Clarke); one female 
paratype from Sopers Hole, Tortola, B.V.I., Apr. 5, 1958. 

The coarse, confluent punctures surrounding the median glabrous 
callus of the pronotum will distinguish C. subflavus from the other 
known Curtomerus. 


214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Nesanoplium, new genus 


Body small, parallel-sided, clothed with short subdepressed, recurved 
hairs intermixed with longer, erect setae. Head flat between antennae, 
surface coarsely alveolate-punctate, median line vague; palpisubequal, 
apical segments securiform ; eyes coarsely faceted, deeply emarginate ; 
antennae about as long as body in males, shorter in females, segments 
carinate, three to seven spined at apex internally, segments six to nine 
spined externally, third segment distinctly longest, fourth shorter than 
fifth, fifth to ninth subequal, tenth shorter than eleventh, eleventh 
subequal to ninth. Pronotum rounded at sides; disc rather coarsely 
alveolate-punctate, without calluses; anterior coxal cavities open 
behind, prosternal process arcuately declivous behind, slightly ex- 
panded at apex; intermediate coxal cavities closed to epimeron; 
episternum of metathorax slender, narrowing slightly from base to 
apex. Elytra subparallel; surface coarsely, closely punctate, sparsely 
at apex, costae vague; pubescence short, recurved, subdepressed with 
long erect hairs interspersed; apices spined at external angle, slightly 
dentate at suture. Legs with femora clavate, without apical spines; 
tibiae carinate. 

Type species: Oyrtomerus puberulus Fleutiaux and Sallé. 

This genus resembles Elaphidionopsis Linsley but differs by the 
spined antennal segments, spined elytral apices, and clavate femora. 
The armed antennae and elytra and deeply emarginate eyes separate 
it from OCurtomerus, where the type species C. puberulus has previously 
been placed. 


Nesanoplium puberulum (Fleutiaux and Sallé), new combination 


Cyrtomerus puberulus Fleutiaux and Sallé, 1889, p. 464, pl. 8, fig. 17. 
Cylindera (?) puberula.—Gahan, 1895, p. 108. 
Cylindera puberula.—Aurivillius, 1912, p. 120. 


One <, 2 99, Sopers Hole, Tortola, B.V.I., Apr. 5, 1958. 
Tribe Callidiopini 


Merostenus attenuatus (Chevrolat) 
Lampromerus (?) attenuatus Chevrolat, 1862, p. 263. 
Merostenus attenuatus—Gahan, 1895, p. 109. 
One o, 1 9, Prickly Pear Isl., Vixen Point, Virgin Gorda, B.V.L., 
Apr. 14, 1956, Apr. 6, 1958; 6 &a’, Little Harbor, Jost Van Dyke, 
B.V.L., Apr. 1, 1958; 2 oo, Sopers Hole, Tortola, B.V.I., Apr. 5, 1958, 





Merostenus similis Fisher 
Merostenus similis Fisher, 1932, p. 53. 


One <, English Harbor, Antigua, B.W.L., Apr. 2; 195634 ton, 
Oyster Pond, Barbuda, B.W.I; Apr. 6, 1956. 





WEST INDIAN CERAMBYCIDAE—CHEMSAK 915 


Tribe Ibidionini 


Heterachthes quadrimaculatus (Fabricius) 


Callidium 4-maculatum Fabricius, 1792, p. 328. 
Reterachtes [sic] quadrimaculatus.—Aurivillius, 1912, p. 111. 

There may be some doubt as to the correct determination of this 
species. The five specimens at hand have been compared with 
material in the U.S. National Museum identified as quadrimaculata. 
However, either two species are involved or a striking sexual dimor- 
phism exists. The males are all densely pubescent with denuded 
areas containing a coarse puncture enclosing a long erect seta and 
the elytral apices are truncate and unarmed. In the females the 
dense pubescence is less pronounced and the elytral apices bear a 
stout spine at the external angle. Records include: 

Two o’o", Brandywine Bay, Tortola, B.V.1., Mar. 21,1958: 1. ¢, 
Sopers Hole, Tortola, Apr. 5, 1958; 1 9, Antrim, 1000’, Antigua, 
B.W.I., Mar. 14, 1958; 1 9, Oyster Bay, Barbuda, B.W.I., Apr. 
6, 1956. 


Tribe Anaglyptini 
Tilloclytus puertoricensis Fisher 


Tilloclytus puertoricensis Fisher, 1935, p. 51. 
One Q, Francis Bay, Saint Johns, A.V.I., Mar. 25, 1958. 


Subfamily Lamiinae 
Tribe Ataxiini 
Ataxia alboscutellata Fisher 
Ataxia alboscutellata Fisher, 1926, p. 3. 
One 9, Mount Sage, 1000’, Tortola, B.V.I., Apr. 17, 1956. 


Tribe Acanthocinini 


Leptostylus testaceus (Frilich) 


Cerambyzx testaceus Frolich, 1792, p. 141. 
Leptostyius testaceus.—Autivillius, 1923, p. 403. 

One <, Sopers Hole, Tortola, B.V.I., Apr. 5, 1958; 1 &, Little Bay, 
Peter Isl., B.V.I., Mar. 30, 1958. 


Leptostylus inflaticollis, new species 


Male: Form short, robust, convex above; color pale reddish brown, 
densely clothed with whitish to brown appressed pubescence and 
ornamented with dark brown and black pubescent spots. Head with 
front nearly flat, subquadrate, deeply angularly depressed between 


216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


antennal tubercles, antennal tubercles strongly developed and diver- 
gent; punctation obscured, pubescence concealing surface, appressed, 
erayish and dark brown; narrow longitudinal line extending from 
epistoma to occiput; eyes small, moderately coarsely faceted, deeply 
emarginate, separated above by less than diameter of antennal scape; 
antennae extending about four segments beyond body, first four seg- 
ments densely mottled with dark brown and pale gray-brown pubes- 
cence, the following segments pale gray brown with apices and bases 
dark brown, the dark brown banding increasing in width apically, 
scape extending to basal one-third of pronotum, subequal in length to 
fifth segment, fourth longer than fifth, third longer than fourth, 
eleventh segment slender, subequal to tenth. Pronotum more than 
1% times as broad as long, base broader than apex; sides rounded to 
basal margin, then strongly constricted, strongly inflated at sides to 
produce a very broad, obtuse tubercle; surface narrowly, shallowly 
impressed at apex, more deeply and broadly at base, disc almost 
flattened, without calluses, punctures not visible; pubescence dense, 
recumbent, pale gray brown to brown with a narrow dark-brown 
median vitta extending length of pronotum, two dark brown oblique 
bands at sides of median band in front of middle and two short dark- 
brown basal bands near lateral margins, small dark spots sparse at 
edges; prosternum very narrow, intercoxal process broad, expanded 
apically, coxal cavities closed ; mesosternal process very broad, epister- 
num of metathorax narrow, narrowing posteriorly; scutellum_ tri- 
angular, narrowly rounded behind, densely pubescent. Elytra over 
1% times longer than broad, slightly broader than pronotum; humeri 
not strongly developed; surface uneven, with subsutural costae ex- 
tending from base to before apex, humeral costae extending obliquely 
to about basal one-third, then running parallel to subsutural ones, 
lateral costae arcuately joing others before apex with a vague short 
costa between lateral and humeral ones; punctures at base fine, sep- 
arated, becoming coarser and denser at midelytra,; pubescence dense, 
recumbent, grayish to brown with two dark elongate spots at middle 
of elytra just behind middle, an oblique, inverted V-shaped, short 
brown chevron at apical third extending from suture and darker 
irregular spots placed behind and toward the lateral margins, small 
black spots sparsely interspersed; apices obliquely truncate Legs 
with femora strongly clavate, densely clothed with mottled pale and 
brown pubescence; tibiae with two broad dark bands at outside 
surface. Abdomen uniformly, moderately densely pale pubescent; 
apex of last sternite narrowly rounded. Length 7 mm. 

Holotype male (USNM 67327) from Little Bay, Peter Isl., B.V.L., 
Mar. 30, 1958 (J. F. G. Clarke). 





WEST INDIAN CERAMBYCIDAE—CHEMSAK O17 


This species is distinctive by the strongly laterally inflated and non- 
callused disc of the pronotum. 


Leptostylus bredini, new species 


Male: Form short, robust, slightly convex above; ground color 
reddish brown, appendages paler, densely clothed with pale brown 
recumbent pubescence and ornamented with dark brown and white 
spots and bands. Head with front flat, subquadrate, rather shal- 
lowly impressed between antennal tubercles, antennal tubercles 
elevated, divergent, not strong; punctation obscured, pubescence 
concealing surface, recumbent, mottled grayish and brown; narrow 
longitudinal line extending from epistoma to occiput; eyes small, 
moderately coarsely faceted, deeply emarginate, separated above by 
about diameter of antennal scape; mouthparts with long erect hairs; 
antennae about as long as body, first four segments densely mottled 
with dark brown and pale gray-brown pubescence, the following 
segments pale gray brown with dark bands at apices and bases, scape 
extending slightly beyond middle of pronotum, scape shorter than 
third segment, longer than remaining segments, segments from third 
gradually decreasing in length. Pronotum about 1}; times broader 
than long, base broader than apex; sides feebly inflated, somewhat 
rounded from apex to feeble basal constriction, apex and base shal- 
lowly impressed; surface distinctly, finely, separately punctate, disc 
with five feeble, barely elevated calluses; pubescence gray brown, 
mottled with dark brown, vittae absent; prosternum narrow, inter- 
coxal process broad, apically expanded, coxal cavities closed; mes- 
osternal process very broad, pubescence moderately dense; scutellum 
triangular, broadly rounded behind, densely pubescent. Elytra 
less than 1% as long as broad, tapering apically, less than 1% times 
as broad as pronotum, humeri feeble ; Surface uneven, vaguely costate 
with elevated dark-brown pubescent spots longitudinally arranged 
down costae; punctures fine, sparse; pubescence dense, recumbent, 
brownish except for elevated dark spots and irregular white streaks, 
suture narrowly white pubescent with narrow vague whitish bands 
beginning at suture a little behind middle and extending obliquely 
back toward lateral margins, sides with dark vittae extending from 
behind humeri obliquely back toward suture and angling toward 
lateral margin at about apical one-fourth, base behind scutellum with 
a narrow dark, slightly arcuate band not extending to lateral margins; 
apices narrow, obliquely truncate. Legs with femora strongly clavate, 
pubescence mottled pale and brown; tibiae with irregular dark bands. 
Abdomen moderately densely pale pubescent; apex of last sternite 
emarginate. Length 7-8 mm. 


218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yoL. 118 


Female: Antennae slightly shorter than body; femora less strongly 
clavate; apex of last abdominal sternite shallowly emarginate 
truncate. Length 6-8 mm. 

Holotype male (USNM 67328), allotype female, and 8 paratypes 
(2 #a, 6 22) from English Harbor, Antigua, B.W.I., Apr. 2, 1956 
(J. F. G. Clarke); also assigned to this species but not designated as 
paratypes are 2 #7, 1 2, Saint Ann’s Hill, Antigua, B.W.I., Apr. 21, 
1958. 

The exact relationships of this species are not known at this time 
but the species may be recognized by the feeble calluses of the prono- 
tum and the arrangement of the pubescent pattern. 

L. bredini is dedicated to J. Bruce Bredin, of Wilmington, Del., 
sponsor of the Smithsonian-Bredin expeditions to the Caribbean. 


Urgleptes clarkei, new species 


Female: Form small, moderately depressed; integument dark to 
pale reddish brown, appendages brownish testaceous and piceous; 
pubescence short, recumbent, grayish with dark-brown mottling. 
Head with front nearly square, convex, feebly impressed between 
antennal tubercles, antennal tubercles slightly elevated, widely 
divergent; narrow median groove extending from epistoma to occiput; 
punctation minute, contiguous, scabrous; pubescence moderately 
dense, appressed, not obscuring surface; eyes small, coarsely faceted, 
deeply emarginate, separated above by much more than diameter of 
antennal scape; antennae extending about six segments beyond body, 
scape infuscated over apical half, remaining segments narrowly dark- 
banded at apex, pubescence moderately dense, minute, appressed, 
scape slightly shorter than third segment, fourth longer than third, 
fifth subequal to scape. Pronotum over 1}; times as broad as long, 
base narrower than apex; sides diverging slightly to apices of acute 
spines near base, base stongly constricted behind the feebly obliquely, 
outward extending spines; base slightly impressed, apex not; disc 
slightly convex, minutely, opaquely punctate except for row of coarse 
punctures along basal margins; pubescence moderately dense, ap- 
pressed, grayish with darker hairs on middle of disc which form dark 
patches at sides of middle; pro- and mesosternal processes narrow, 
about one-fourth the width of the coxae; scutellum broadly rounded, 
moderately pubescent. Elytra less than twice as long as broad, wider 
than the pronotum, sides parallel to about apical one-fourth, then 
tapering to apex; surface feebly depressed at basal one-third, costae 
lacking; punctures moderately coarse, contiguous over entire surface; 
pubescence gray brown, mottled with brown near base and irregular 
dark spots at apical half, dark patches usually extending laterally 
behind humeri and obliquely onto disc a little behind middle, two 





| 


WEST INDIAN CERAMBYCIDAE—CHEMSAK 219 


small spots near suture giving the overall effect of a dark, broken, 
irregular band, dark patches also irregularly placed behind the broken 
band; apices obliquely emarginate truncate. Legs with hind femora 
moderately clavate, irregularly infuscated over club, tibiae irregularly 
infuscated. Abdomen moderately pubescent; apex of last sternite 
narrowly rotundate truncate. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Holotype female (USNM 67329) and five female paratypes from 
Little Bay, Peter Isl., B.V.I., Mar. 30, 1958 (J. F. G. Clarke) ; two 
additional females not designated as paratypical from English Harbor, 
Antigua, B.W.I., Apr. 20, 1958 and Apr. 2, 1956. 

This species varies in the amount of dark patches present on the 
elytra and in the infuscation of the pronotum and appendages. The 
dark patches are restricted to the apical half of the elytra when viewed 
from above. 

Also tentatively assigned to L. clarkei is one female from Sopers 
Hole, Tortola, B.V.I., Apr. 5, 1958. This latter specimen is clothed 
with paler pubescence and the elytral apices are truncate. It may 
represent a distinct species but the lack of definitive series makes such 
an assignment impractical at this time. 

U. clarkei is dedicated to J. F. G. Clarke, who made available for 
study the material reported in this paper. 


Urgleptes species 


One female from Antrim, 1000’, Dominica, B.W.I., Mar. 15, 1956, 
probably represents a new species, but I choose not to describe it at 
this time on the basis of a unique. This small (5.5 mm.) pretty 
specimen is rather pale with the elytra and appendages being dom- 
inantly testaceous. The head and pronotal disc are a pale reddish 
brown. The elytra are irregularly mottled by elongate patches of 
dark pubescence, the vague costae are clothed with very pale brown 
pubescence. The legs are almost all very pale with small dark spots 
on the club of the femora and the tibiae are apically infuscated. 


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U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1966 





Proceedings of 
the United States 


National Museum 





SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - WASHINGTON, D.C. 


Volume 118 1966 Number 3527 


NEOTROPICAL MICROLEPIDOPTERA, VII 


NEW GENUS PSEUDOMERITASTIS AND ITS SPECIES 
(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ' 


By Nicnoias S. OBRaztsov? 


Three species of the Tortricidae of the Neotropical fauna—voluta 
Meyrick, cordigera Walsingham, and heliadelpha Meyrick—were 
placed by Edward Meyrick in the genus Meritastis Meyrick, and 
cordigera was treated as a synonym of voluta. The present author 
had the opportunity to reexamine these species which he accepts; his 
review of the materials disclosed four undescribed species belonging 
in the same relationship. His studies have shown that cordigera is a 
separate species and that the entire group requires the recognition of 
a new genus, having little in common with Meritastis. 

In this paper the author establishes the new genus, describes four 
new species, and gives information on the species formerly known. 
The author acknowledges with thanks the kind assistance of Dr. J. F. 


1 Prepared with the aid of a National Science Foundation Grant. Previous 
parts of this same series are: I and IJ, Clarke, 1962, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
113, no. 3457, pp. 373-388; III, Clarke, 1964, ibid., vol. 115, no. 3480, pp. 61-84; 
IV, Duckworth, 1964, ibid., vol. 116, no. 3497, pp. 97-114; V, Obraztsov, 1964, 
ibid., vol. 116, no. 3501, pp. 183-196; VI, Clarke, 1964, ibid., vol. 116, no. 3502, 
pp. 197-204. 

2 American Museum of Natural History, New York, N.Y. 


221 


222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 118 


Gates Clarke of the U.S. National Museum and Mr. J. D. Bradley 
of the British Museum (Natural History), who placed the materials 
in their charge at the author’s disposal. Acknowledgments go also 
to Dr. J. G. Rozen, Jr., and Dr. F. H. Rindge of the American Museum 
of Natural History for providing the necessary working facilities. 
The work on this paper has been made possible because of a grant 
from the National Science Foundation. 


Pseudomeritastis, new genus 


Meritastis (not Meyrick, 1910).—Meyrick [1912], Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1911, 
p. 677 (voluta Meyrick); 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 
10, p. 36 (voluta); 1913, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 149, p. 34 
(voluta) ; 1932, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 4, p. 261 (heliadelpha Meyrick). — 
Obraztsov, 1954, Tijdschr. Ent., vol. 97, p. 186 (voluta).—Clarke, 1955, 
Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum 
described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, pp. 154, 326 (heliadelpha, voluta); 
1958, op. cit., vol. 3, p. 156 (voluta). 

Tortriz (in part) —Walsingham, 1914, 77 Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, vol. 42 (Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4), p. 276 (cordigera 
Walsingham). 

Type species: Tortrix cordigera Walsingham, 1914. 

Head roughly scaled. Antenna in male slightly serrate, densely 
short ciliated; in female simple, with short setae. Labial palpus 
rather long, ascending, almost equally broad, scaling smooth; basal 
segment slightly dilated; second segment long; terminal segment 
thick, exposed. Ocellus absent. Proboscis well developed. Thorax 
with posterior crest more or less developed. 

Forewing broad; costa arched; apex rotundate; termen straight, 
almost vertical; tornus broadly rounded; dorsum straight, gradually 
curved in basal portion. No costal fold in male. Twelve veins, all 
separate; vein S gently curved; R, from behind middle of discal cell; 
R,. widely remote from R, and Rsz, slightly more approximated to 
the latter; veins R; through M, almost equidistant at base; R, to 
apex; M, and M, widely separated, at termen slightly approximated to 
each other; upper internal vein (generally underdeveloped) originates 
between R, and R, and ends at R;; veins M, through Cu, distinctly 
bent upwardly, at base almost as widely separated from each other 
as R, through M,; Cu, originates slightly before lower angle of 
discal cell; Cu, distinctly from before two-thirds of discal cell, but 
always from behind its middle; A, in median portion generally indis- 
tinct; basal fork of A»,3 slightly shorter than one-third of entire vein. 

Hindwing rotundate-subtrapezoidal, as broad as forewing or 
slightly narrower; costa gently arched; apex broadly rotundate; 
termen almost straight; tornus very flatly rounded; dorsum broadly 
rounded, in basal portion slightly sclerotized. Eight veins; S almost 
straight; R and M, closely parallel in basal portion, or stalked; M, 








NEOTROPICAL MICROLEPIDOPTERA, VII—OBRAZTSOV 223 


strongly bent downwards to base; M2, M;, and Cu, close to each 
other at base, but distincly separated; Cu, originates from lower angle 
of discal cell, Cu, from about two-thirds; A; very weak; A, with basal 
fork; A; weak. Discal cell somewhat widened in middle portion; 
cubitus without pecten; basal fork of A, with a brush of long hairs. 

Male genitalia: Tegumen moderately broad, with oblique shoulders; 
pedunculi gradually narrowing ventrad; saccus complete, rounded. 
Valva elongate, in apical portion somewhat narrower than basally; 
costa narrowly sclerotized; sacculus well developed, represented by a 
long, sclerotized, longitudinal ledge ending with an acute projection 
protruding from ventral margin of valva; or this ledge is rather short, 
not protruding from valva and having a curved, longitudinal fold bear- 
ing a brush of long hairs; cucullus more or less haired. Uncus moderate 
to rather long, curved, with apex acute; or apex slightly bulbose, 
somewhat stronger sclerotized; or apex flatly spatulate. Gnathos 
with middle process more or less broad, spatulate, in some species 
with two acute lateral processes, one on each side of middle tip; arms 
of gnathos continued caudoventrad as more or less long, lateral 
appendices, densely clothed with setae at least in apical portions; 
socii more or less elongate, slightly dilated apically. Fultura superior 
shaped as a transverse, weakly sclerotized bar; fultura inferior broad, 
shield-shaped; caulis short. Aedeagus moderately long, more or 
less bent, strongly sclerotized, variously shaped; an elongate, stronger 
sclerotized carina penis, located laterally, dorso-apicad of caulis; 
vesica without armature. 

Female genitalia: Papillae anales elongate, rather broad; apophyses 
posteriores about three times as long as apophyses anteriores. ‘Two 
large, erectile sacs (?osmeteria), one on each side of postsegmental 
membrane of eighth segment. Ostium bursae very wide, located just 
caudad of seventh segment. Antrum broad, slightly infundibuliform, 
dilated caudally, receiving ductus seminalis cephalically; corpus 
bursae elongate, in some species stronger sclerotized caudally; signum 
shaped as an elongate, more or less broad, sclerotized plate. 

Remarks: As already mentioned, Meyrick placed some of the mem- 
bers of this new genus in the genus Meritastis Meyrick because of a 
rather similar wing venation. A close examination, however, 
shows that the veins R, and R; of the forewing, as well as M; and Cu, 
are approximated closely to each other in Meritastis and more widely 
spaced in the new genus; the ocellus is present in Meritastis, but 
lacking in the new genus; the labial palpus is strongly bent in the 
latter, with terminal segment somewhat shorter than in Meritastis. 
The genitalia are quite distinct in the two genera: those of the genus 
Meritastis have the general appearance of genitalia in the tribe 
Archipini, and differ from them only in having the under surface of 


224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 


the uncus densely clothed with hairs and the sacculus of the valva 
ornamented and strongly sclerotized in its basal portion. Common 
(1958, 1963) placed the genus Meritastis in his new tribe Epitymbiini, 
the complete diagnosis of which remains as yet unclear. On the other 
hand, the new genus shows a close relationship to the genera of the 
tribe Cnephasiini, and only differs from them in having a plate- 
shaped signum not yet known in the described genera of this tribe. 
A complicated gnathos of the new genus is rather unique in the tribe 
Cnephasiini, although some indications of a similar modification of 
this structure are known in the Australian genus Syllomatia Common 
(1963). 

The seven species of the new genus Pseudomeritastis are very 
similar to each other in the pattern of the forewing, but until more 
material is available, it would perhaps be hasty to include this char- 
acter in the diagnosis of the genus. 


Key to the Species of Pseudomeritastis 


1. Hindwing white or light yellowish to pale brownish. . ........ 2 
Hindwing orange or dark ferruginous .. . eR Oat he ois We 

2. Front whitish, distinctly paler than remaining igad' distincta, new species 
Front gray, concolorous with head ..... sae eo eS 

3. Subterminal fascia of forewing distinctly darker fae iO ieee. ferruginous- 
brown blotches... . . . . . . decora, new species 
Subterminal fascia of foreqitins nor ducer (han large;blotehes:... 2s )akwea4. 

4. Light gray interspace between subterminal fascia and large, external blotch of 
forewing divided by a light ferruginous line ............ 8 
Above interspace not divided by any line ..... clarkei, new species 

5. Ferruginous streak in subcostal area of forewing almost reaching point of 
origin of subterminal fascia. . . . : cordigera Walsingham 

This streak by far not reaching Seema fea .. .. . voluta Meyrick 

6. Hindwingorange. ............. .. . heliadelpha Meyrick 
Hindwing dark ferruginous. . . .. . . . . . orphnoxantha, new species 


Pseudomeritastis cordigera (Walsingham), new combination 
PuateE 1 (Fiaes. 1-4), Puats 2 (Fias. 1-3) 

Tortriz cordigera Walsingham, 1914, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, vol. 42 (Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 4), p. 276, pl. 8, fig. 17. 
Meritastis voluta (in part).—Meyrick, 1932, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 4, p. 261. 

Male genitalia: Uncus with tip slightly bulbose, somewhat stronger 
sclerotized; middle process of gnathos widely dilated, with two acute, 
rather short, curved processes, one on each side of middle process; 
lateral arms of gnathos continued as long, strongly bent appendages 
directed caudoventrad and densely clothed with setae on inner side of 
basal portions and on tips. Valva with an elongate, subrectangular 
cucullus; ledge of sacculus with a longitudinal carina protruding from 
ventral margin of valva and ending with a short, free, acute tip. 
Aedeagus tapering apicad; carina penis dorso-externad of caulis. 











NEOTROPICAL MICROLEPIDOPTERA, VII—OBRAZTSOV 225 


Female genitalia: Erectile sacs (?osmeteria) on sides of postsegmen- 
tal membrane of eighth segment, shaped as two large, coniform bags. 
Apophyses anteriores and posteriores slightly dilated and rounded at 
tips. Area around ostium bursae membranous, with weak sclerites 
on sides. Antrum as wide as adjacent portion of corpus bursae; 
ventral side of caudal portion of bursa copulatrix with a strongly 
sclerotized area; signum shaped as an elongate, moderately broad, 
slightly crescent plate. 

Type: Holotype, male (genitalia on slide 5797), Volean de Chiriqui, 
Chiriqui, Panama, 2000-3000 ft., 1881-1882 (G. C. Champion; 66559) ; 
British Museum (Natural History). 

Other specimen examined: One female (genitalia on slide 14-Obr., 
1963), Volean Santa Maria, Quezaltenango, Guatemala, June; U.S. 
National Museum. 

Remarks: The external characters of the specimen from Guatemala 
indicate that it represents a female at cordigera which was described on 
the basis of a male from Panama. Both specimens have similar 
markings of the forewing; the narrow projection of the basal blotch 
almost reaches the point of origin of the curved, subterminal fascia. 
As yet, this feature has been known in cordigera only. 


Pseudomeritastis voluta (Meyrick), new combination 
Puate 3 (Fies. 1, 2) 


Meritastis voluta Meyrick, [1912], Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1911, p. 677; 1912, in 
Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 10, p. 36; 1913, in Wytsman, Genera 
insectorum, fasc. 149, p. 34; 1932, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 4, p. 261.— 
Obraztsov, 1954, Tijdschr. Ent., vol. 97, p. 189.—Clarke, 1955, Catalogue of 
the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum described 
by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 326; 1958, op. cit., vol. 3, p. 156, pl. 78, figs. 
2-2b. 

Male genitalia: Uncus with tip slightly bulbose, somewhat dilated; 
middle process of gnathos rotundate-triangular; lateral arms of gna- 
thos short, thick, ending with tufts of setae. Valva with cucullus 
somewhat narrowed apically; sacculus with a brush of long setae; a 
slightly projected tubercle on ventral margin of valva, midway be- 
tween end of this brush and apex of valva. Aedeagus with tip obtuse; 
carina penis near tip. 

Female: Unknown. 

Type: Holotype, male (genitalia on slide 6363, JFGC), San An- 
tonio, District Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, 5000 [sic] ft., Novem- 
ber 1907; British Museum (Natural History). 

Other specimen examined: One male (genitalia on slide, prepared 
by A. Busck on Apr. 24, 1929), Rio Toche, Quindio Mountains, 
Colombia, 2400 m.; U.S. National Museum. 


782—218—66——_2 


226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Remarks: In the genitalia of the holotype, figured by Clarke (1958), 
the projected tubercles on the ventral margins of the valvae became 
partly loose and look like free lobes directed ventrad. 


Pseudomeritastis clarkei, new species 


PLATE 3 (Fias. 3-5) 


Male: Antenna, labial palpus, head, and thorax light gray; second 
segment of labial palpus darker apicad, terminal segment brownish 
gray; posterior crest of thorax ferruginous-brown; abdomen whitish 
gray. Forewing light gray; markings brown ferruginous, edged and 
in part transversely strigulated with reddish fuscous, arranged as 
follows: a rotundate-subquadrate blotch on dorsum towards base, 
reaching lower vein of discal cell; a longitudinal streak tapering ex- 
ternad, located above this blotch and slightly shorter than half length 
of discal cell; a much larger, irregularly shaped blotch, also resting 
on dorsum and occupying most of external half of forewing; upper 
margin of this blotch roundly excavated; this excavation divides upper 
portion of blotch in two unequal parts, external of them larger; a 
longitudinal, whitish streak within this blotch, separating its external 
upper portion from ground portion of blotch; a triangular, ight gray 
dorsal area between two above-mentioned blotches, vertically striated 
by brown-ferruginous and connected with light gray, subcostal area; 
a rather narrow, slightly curved, brown-ferruginous subterminal 
fascia, edged with reddish fuscous and running from about four-fifths 
of costa to tornus; a whitish interspace between this fascia and men- 
tioned large blotch; costa narrowly edged with light pinkish brown, 
and gray dotted beneath this edge; cilia gray at base and whitish gray 
at tips. Length of forewing 9 mm. Hindwing pale yellowish, 
slightly darker externally and cream-white basally; cilia light yellow- 
ish at base and whitish at tips, with a rather broad, grayish dividing 
line around apex and parallel to upper portion of termen. 

Female: Unknown. 

Male genitalia: Apical portion of uncus elongate-spatulate; middle 
process of gnathos broad, at base with two lateral, angular processes; 
lateral arms of gnathos shaped as long, curved appendages ending 
with brushes of long setae. Valva with a broad, moderately setose 
cucullus; ledge of sacculus with a longitudinal carina protruding from 
ventral margin of valva and ending with a rather long, free, acute tip. 
Aedeagus pediform; carina penis dorso-externad of caulis. 

Type: Holotype, male (genitalia on slide 15-Obr., 1963), 17 km. 
southeast of Popayan, Cauca, Colombia, 2000 m., Jan. 10, 1959 (J. F. 
Gates Clarke); USNM 67368. 

Remarks: Very close to voluta Meyrick, but differing in some details 
of the markings of the forewing, color of the hindwing, and in the 





| 
ie 
| 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 1 





2 


Ficures 1-4.—Pseudomeritastis cordigera (Walsingham), holotype, male: 1, left wings; 
2, caudal aspect of genitalia with valvae spread and aedeagus removed; 3, lateral aspect 


“5 


of aedeagus; 4, detail of tegumen with gnathos and socii. 





PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 2 


3 





Ficures 1-3.—Pseudomeritastis cordigera (Walsingham), female (slide 14-Obr., 1963): 
| 


, left wings; 2, ventral aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of caudal portion of genitalia. 





PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 3 





4 


Figures 1-5.—Pseudomeritastis voluta (Meyrick), male (slide prepared by A. Busck on 
Apr. 24, 1929): 1, left wings; 2, caudal aspect of genitalia with aedeagus in situ. Pseudo- 
meritastis clarkei, holotype, male: 3, left wings; 4, caudal aspect of genitalia with valvae 


spread and aedeagus removed; 5, lateral aspect of aedeagus. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 4 





l'icures 1-3.—Pseudomeritastis heliadzlpha (Meyrick), paratype, female: 1, left wings. 
Pseudomeritastis orphnoxantha, new species, holotype, male: 2, left wings; 3, caudal aspect 


of genitalia with aedeagus in situ. 


PROG wUS. NAd. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 





4 } 





Ficures 1-3.—Pseudomeritastis distincta, new species, holotype, female: 1, left wings; 2, 


ventral aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of cephalic portion of genitalia. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 6 





Ficures 1-3.—Pseudomeritastis decora, new species, holotype, male: 1, left wings; 2, caudal 


2) Se, 


aspect of genitalia with valvae spread and aedeagus removed; 3, lateral aspect of aedeagus. 





NEOTROPICAL MICROLEPIDOPTERA, VII—OBRAZTSOV 227 


genitalia. The interspace between the larger (external) blotch of the 
forewing and the curved, subterminal fascia is not divided by a shadow. 
The inner margin of the mentioned blotch is straight in the new species, 
and slightly incurved in voluta. The hindwing is distinctly pale 
yellowish; in voluta it is gray whitish, tinged with fuscous reddish 
towards apex. The shape of the uncus is quite different. The middle 
process of the gnathos has two well-developed, lateral appendages 
missing in voluta. Instead of a longitudinal carina of the sacculus, 
observed in the new species, voluta has a brush of setae. The aedeagus 
of the new species is of a unique shape, unknown in any other species 
of the genus. 

This new species is named for its discoverer, my friend and colleague, 
Dr. J. F. Gates Clarke of the U.S. National Museum. 


Pseudomeritastis heliadelpha (Meyrick), new combination 
Puatse 4 (Fia. 1) 


Meritastis heliadelpha Meyrick, 1932, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 4, p. 261.— 
Clarke, 1955, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the 
British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 154. 

Types: Holotype, male, Rio Zongo (Songo), Bolivia, 2,500 ft.; 
Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (not seen). One female paratype 
(abdomen missing), same data, 1930; British Museum (Natural 
History). 

Remarks: The female paratype corresponds well with the original 
description, and undoubtedly belongs to the type lot which was 
erroneously described by Meyrick (1932) as consisting of two male 
specimens. The forewings of this paratype are in a less than fresh 
condition, but the markings are recognizable; the hindwings are deep 
orange, as in no other species of the genus. 


Pseudomeritastis orphnoxantha, new species 
PuaTeE 4 (Figs. 2, 3) 


Male: Antenna, labial palpus, head, and thorax light gray; terminal 
segment of labial palpus brown. Forewing light gray, paler than 
thorax; markings brownish ferruginous, edged and in part transversally 
strigulated with dark brown, arranged as follows: a blotch (somewhat 
rubbed off and not quite distinct in the examined specimen) on dorsum 
towards base; its upper projection (or perhaps a separate streak) reaches 
to upper vein of discal cell; a second larger blotch, also resting on 
dorsum externad of former blotch, occupies most of external half of 
forewing and extends almost to tornus; upper margin of this blotch 
widely excavated; upper portion of blotch, externad of excavation, 
large and rounded; upper portion of blotch, basad of excavation, acute 


228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 


angulated, narrow; a slender, gently curved subterminal fascia starting 
at costa shortly before wing apex and running to tornus; an interspace 
of ground color, almost as broad as subterminal fascia, located between 
it and mentioned large spot and divided lengthways by an interrupted, 
ferruginous line; a dorsal, light gray, triangular area finely striated by 
ferruginous and located between two mentioned blotches; costa gray 
dotted; cilia dark gray, whitish at tips. Length of forewing 8.5 mm. 
Hindwing dark ferruginous; cilia whitish, at base yellowish, with 
a broad, light ferruginous dividing line. 

Female: Unknown. 

Male genitalia: Uncus gradually tapering apicad, with tip moder- 
ately acute; middle process of gnathos rather narrow, with two acute, 
lateral processes; lateral arms of gnathos shaped as long, curved ap- 
pendages, each having a little tooth on inner margin of basal portion 
and ending with a brush of setae. Valva with an elongate-rotundate 
cucullus; ledge of sacculus with a longitudinal carina protruding from 
ventral margin of valva and ending with a free, acute tip; an elevated, 
slightly curved and apically somewhat bulbose harpe located on carina 
of sacculus slightly before its middle. Aedeagus spatulate at tip; 
carina penis near apex of aedeagus. 

Type: Holotype, male (genitalia on slide, prepared by A. Busck on 
Sept. 30, 1932), Tuis, Costa Rica, 2400 ft. USNM 67369. 

Remarks: Because of the ferruginous hindwings of this species, 
A. Busck identified it as heliadelpha Meyrick. Actually, the hind- 
wings of the latter species are much paler, orange colored. Moreover, 
the new species differs in having the costa of the forewing less arched 
than in heliadelpha, the subcostal area above the large dorsal blotch 
somewhat narrower, and the upper internal angle of this blotch more 
acute. Presence of a harpe on the carina of the sacculus is a special 
character of the new species, not observed in any other species of the 
genus. 

The name orphnozantha is derived from the Greek op¢vos, meaning 
dark, and é&v6os, meaning yellow. 


Pseudomeritastis distincta, new species 


Puate 5 (Fias. 1-38) 


Female: Antenna light gray, on under surface pale ferruginous; 
scapus and annulation of upper surface of antennal segments dark 
gray; labial palpus whitish, concolorous with front of head; most of 
head and thorax light gray, but distinctly darker than front; anterior 
portion of thorax and its posterior crest brownish ferruginous. Fore- 
wing light gray; markings ferruginous-brown, edged and in part 








NEOTROPICAL MICROLEPIDOPTERA, VII—OBRAZTSOV 229 


transversely strigulated with dark brown, arranged as follows: a 
rotundate-subquadrate blotch on dorsum towards base, reaching 
lower vein of discal cell; an oblique streak starting costobasad of this 
blotch, closely touching it at base, and continued along discal cell to 
above a second blotch; this latter, much larger than basal blotch, 
also rests on dorsum and is irregularly shaped; its upper margin is 
narrowly excavated, dividing upper portion of blotch in two unequal 
parts, external of them larger and rounded; basal upper part of blotch 
with a minute angle on inner margin; within blotch a short, whitish 
streak between veins M, and M3; a triangular, light gray dorsal area 
between two mentioned blotches, opened costally and striated verti- 
cally by three ferruginous lines joined together at vein A.,; and 
continued as two parallel lines along interspace between basal streak 
and larger of blotches; a rather narrow, slightly curved ferruginous- 
brown subterminal fascia starting at about three-quarters of costa 
and reaching upper portion of tornus; a pale ferruginous shadow 
dividing lengthways interspace between this fascia and larger of 
blotches; this shadow becomes somewhat olive in its upper portion, 
and in subcostal area joins a dilated streak; costa narrowly edged 
with ferruginous, and dark dotted beneath this edge; some concolorous 
dots in subterminal area; cilia dark gray at base and whitish at tips. 
Length of forewing 12 mm. Hindwing pale cream-white, shining, 
becoming brownish at termen; cilia white with gray dividing line 
at base, more distinct around wing apex. 

Male: Unknown. 

Female genitalia: Erectile sacs on sides of postsegmental membrane 
of eighth abdominal segment (on the only preprepared slide they are 
badly damaged). Apophyses posteriores not dilated at tips; apophyses 
anteriores with tips slightly dilated. Entire area around ostium 
bursae membranous. Antrum short infundibuliform, in cephalic 
portion slightly narrower than adjacent portion of corpus bursae. 
Corpus bursae with a large (on the slide somewhat folded), broad, 
moderately sclerotized signum shaped as a plate rounded cephalically. 

Type: Holotype, female (genitalia on slide, prepared by A. Busck 
on Apr. 24, 1929), La Florida, Costa Rica, 500 ft.; USNM 67370. 

Remarks: Very similar to cordigera Walsingham, but having the 
front of the head whitish, markings of the forewing darker, and the 
shadows dividing the light interspaces more distinct. The upper 
projection of the basal blotch is not as long as in cordigera, and does 
not extend far distad. The genitalia are distinguished by the ostium 
bursae slightly narrower than the corpus bursae, and the apophyses 
posteriores not dilated at tips. 


230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Pseudomeritastis decora, new species 
Figure 1; Puate 6 (Fias. 1-3) 


Male: Antenna pale gray yellowish, on under surface ferruginous; 
labial palpus with basal segment whitish, second gray, brownish 
ferruginous apicad, and terminal segment brownish ferruginous; head 
and thorax [damaged] gray. Forewing light gray; markings ferrugi- 
nous-brown, edged and in part transversely strigulated with dark 
brown, arranged as follows: a rotundate-subquadrate blotch on 
dorsum towards base, reaching lower vein of discal cell, and farther 
extended as an oblique streak angulated before external tip located 
above a second blotch; this blotch, also resting on dorsum and much 
larger than basal blotch, occupies most of external half of forewing; 
upper margin of this blotch is roundly excavated; this excavation 
divides upper portion of blotch in two unequal parts, external of them 





Ficures 1, 2.—External characters of the genus Pseudomeritastis: 1, head of P. decora, new 
species, male; 2, wing venation of P. voluta (Meyrick), male. 


larger and more rotundate; a short, longitudinal, whitish streak within 
blotch, separating its external upper part from remaining, ground 
portion of blotch; a triangular, light gray interspace on dorsum, 
opened costally and strigulated with ferruginous, located between 
two mentioned blotches, and continued between external blotch and 
streak of basal blotch; a rather narrow, slightly curved, dark brown 
subterminal fascia from about four-fifths of costa to tornus; between 
this fascia and external blotch a whitish interspace divided length- 
ways by a ferruginous line turned basad in subcostal area and dilated 
there as a streak connected with already mentioned streak above 
basal blotch; costa ferruginous edged, with grayish dots beneath; 
apicoterminal portion of forewing darker than subcostal area, with 





i 
\ 
\ 





NEOTROPICAL MICROLEPIDOPTERA, VII—OBRAZTSOV Dot 


indistinct, darker gray dots and strigae; cilia gray, whitish at tips. 
Length of forewing 10 mm. Hindwing white, slightly creamy; cilia 
white, somewhat pale brownish at base. 

Female: Unknown. 

Male genitalia: Uncus slender, slightly dilated and pointed at tip; 
enathos fused in central portion with subscaphium; middle process 
of gnathos short, acute; lateral processes lacking; lateral arms of 
enathos long, strongly curved, setose at tips and inner surface of 
basal portion. Valva with a long, irregularly rounded and in basal 
portion densely seted cucullus; sacculus with a broad, curved carina 
ending with a brush of setae in a slight, rotundate projection of 
ventral edge of valva; an elongate, rather flat, longitudinal harpe 
costobasad of mentioned brush. Aedeagus with a rather long, narrow 
tip; carina penis halfway between tip of aedeagus and caulis. 

Type: Holotype, male (genitalia on slide 13-Obr., 1963), Incachaca, 
Cochabamba, Bolivia, tropical cloud area, 2100 m., between Aug. 27 
and Sept. 5, 1956 (L. Pefia); USNM 67371. 

Remarks: Differs from other species of the genus in having the 
subterminal fascia of the forewing distinctly darker than the blotches. 
Very characteristic is the presence of a harpe of the valva, distinct 
in its shape and direction from that in orphnoxantha, new species. 


Literature Cited 
CuarKE, J. F. GATEs 
1958 Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British 
Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 3, 
(2)+600 pp., 298 pls. 
Common, I. F. B. 
1958. The genera of the Australian Tortricidae. Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Ent., 
vol. 1, pp. 289-295. 
1963. A-revision of the Australian Cnephasiini. Australian Journ. Zool., vol. 
2, pp. 81-151, 3 pls. 
Meyrick, E. 
1932. Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 4, pp. 193-352. 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1966 








Proceedings of 


the United States 





National Museum 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION + WASHINGTON, D.C. 





Volume 118 1966 Number 3528 





MORE NEW GALERUCINE BEETLES 
WITH EXCISED MIDDLE TIBIAE IN THE MALE 


By Doris H. BLAKE 


Honorary Research Associate, Department of Entomology 


This paper is a supplement to “A Review of Some Galerucine 
Beetles with Excised Middle Tibiae in the Male’ (Proc. U.S. Nat. 
Mus., vol. 108, 1958) which, owing to its delayed publication, appeared 
subsequent to a paper by J. Bechyne (Ent. Arb., vol. 7, 1956), wherein 
he described the genus Trichobrotica, giving the same type of the genus, 
Neobrotica sexplagiata Jacoby, that I had for my new genus Iceloceras. 
He described only one new species under this, Trichobrotica brasiliensis, 
the type of which I have examined. Since it is my Iceloceras flavipes, 
I am transferring to the genus Trichobrotica those species described 
by me under Iceloceras although I recognize that some of them do not 
fit entirely into the rather narrow limits of Bechyne’s genus described 
from two very similar species and having as the only characters 
coarsely punctate elytra with sparse pubescence and with vertical 
elytral epipleura visible the entire length. Bechyne did not note the 
excised middle tibiae in the male, which, together with the lack of 
any sexual differences in the antennae, I had taken as characters 
separating Iceloceras from other genera with excised middle tibiae. 
In general most beetles of the group with excised middle tibiae have 
unusual antennal development in the male also. In Trichobrotica I 

233 


234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


have included those with antennae that do not change to any extent 
in the male. Some of the species that I have allocated to Trichobrotica 
differ from 7. sexplagiata in having the third antennal joint short, as 
in T. ruatanae (Jacoby). These species may eventually be placed 
elsewhere. 

In trying to classify these Galerucine beetles one is constantly 
meeting some characters that are found in one genus in species that 
otherwise seem predominately to belong to another genus. J have 
been reluctant to make new genera for these species that are mainly 
one of a kind until others like them turn up, which T am confident in 
time will be the case. For the present I have included such species 
in the genus to which they appear to be more closely related. More 
than in any group with which I have ever worked, these beetles inter- 
mingle in their characters so that few of the genera are clear cut. 
Six of the species dealt with in this paper, all having excised middle 
tibiae in the male, have been described as Neobrotica, four as Dia- 
brotica, and others as species of Phyllobrotica, Luperus, and Chthoneis. 

In a later publication (Ent. Arb. vol. 9, 1958) Bechyne has described 
the two new genera Deuterobrotica and Romanita, in both of which 
the males have excised middle tibiae, although here again Bechyne 
has made no mention of this character. He took as type of the first 
genus Diabrotica amplicornis Baly, which species I had placed rather 
doubtfully in Luwperosoma. He described two other closely related 
species, each represented only by a female, as species of Neobrotica, 
N. latifrons and N. lineigera, separating them from Deuterobrotica 
because they did not have enlarged antennal joints, which, of course, 
is purely a male character. 

In the genus Bechyne described as Romanita, he named R. amazonica 
as the genotype and described three more species of widely different 
aspect and doubtfully assigned Weise’s Neobrotica fasciata as the fifth 
species. Since they are all females it is impossible to be certain that 
they are congeneric. I have made drawings of those that I have been 
able to examine for the enlightenment of future workers in the group. 

For another group of beetles somewhat resembling Romanita 
amazonica but differing in the head and antennal characters, I have 
erected the genus Porechontes because of the large pore in the middle 
of the front of the head in the male. It resembles Romanita amazonica 
in having the third antennal joint very short, but the apical joints 
tend to be widened triangularly in the male. The species that I 
tentatively described as Platymorpha albiventris in my earlier paper 
belongs here. Two other species have come to my attention, all three 
having a similar pore in the middle of the front of the head. 

Among other Galerucine beetles having the middle tibiae excised in 
the male are two very different groups, both with bifid claws instead 


Se 


Sl 





GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 235 


of the usual appendiculate ones. One species of the first group so 
closely resembles a species of Trichobrotica in general appearance that 
it would appear to be only a color form. The other species has been 
described jirst by Weise as Phyllobrotica subtilis, and later by Bechyne 
as Neobrotica achroma, but it belongs to neither genus with its bifid 
claws. For these species I have erected the genus Neotrichota. 

The second group with bifid claws is most remarkable for its bi- 
zarrely formed antennal joints in the male. No female of any of the 
three species has been examined. All three bear a close resemblance to 
each other in elytral markings as well as in having the antennal joints 
similar though distinctly different in each. The only specimens 
of Diabrotica pectinicornis Baly I have ever seen, which I have taken 
as the type of this genus, are one collected at Cauca, Colombia, in the 
British Museum, and one collected in “Bolivia,” in the Bowditch 
collection. The second species, which is new, was taken at Tingo 
Maria, Peru, and the third, also new, at Turrialba, Costa Rica. 

John Wilcox has discovered in the U.S. National Museum collection 
a second species of that odd genus Oroetes, originally described from 
Panama. The second species was taken in Bolivia. It has a similar 
but smaller modification of the third and fourth antennal joints in the 
male, and as in O. flavicollis there are only ten antennal joints in the 
male, and the excavation of the face is similar. 

I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to the U.S. National 
Museum (USNM), the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), and 
the British Museum (Natural History) (BMNH), for the material on 
which this study is based. Mr. Hugh Leech also has picked out ma- 
terial for me to study at the California Academy of Sciences (CAS), 
and for some years John A. Wilcox has been assiduously finding 
specimens for me in the collections with which he has worked. I have 
visited the Frey Museum at Tutzing near Munich to study Bechyne’s 
types and also the British Museum (Natural History) on a grant from 
the National Science Foundation. A later grant from the National 
Science Foundation has enabled me to examine insect collections in 
Brazil, Argentina, Peru, and Colombia. 


Key to the Genera of Galerucinae Here Treated 


NRC LA WRMDTLIGS he cath cece  tauithiy odie eth net, oPaey ORAL Sten ose on yon ta. Jats 2 
@lawsisppendiculater ys yee. wees. ss ceryscannel ponies Comoe Ree lee) steep mer oa soiu's 3 

2. Antennae in male bizarrely shaped with greatly enlarged 9th and 10th 
AUB ML) OMe onsale po.bhss Ketek ae sar eee ie Deinocladus, new genus 
Antennae in male no different from female. . . . Neotrichota, new genus 

3. In male, the face excavated, 3rd and 4th antennal joints with excision at ad- 
joining ends, a node anteriorly in the middle of pronotum . . Oroetes 


Face and antennae in male not excavated, no median node. ...... 4 


236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


4. Dise of pronotum not at all suleate. West Indies... . . Ectmesopus 
Disc of pronotum usually more or less suleate. . . . . eer 

5. Antennae in male filiform with 3rd joint somewhat shores ‘han 4th . 
Trichobrotica 
Antennae in male with 3rd gs short, often cup shaped, 4th joint usually 
much longer. .. . Se oe 
6. Terminal antennal Seintaiet in male ae Sintckencal oa ls at acta Sy Cg 
Terminal antennal joints in male thickened ............ ./1i1 
7. Faceof male withaspine over the labrum... ... . . . Platymorpha 
Face of male without aspine .. . es. or its) 
8. Antennae in male with median joints (5- 7 or rmore) somew what enlnepod! front 
of face flat 9s «3 ; 9 
Median joints of aAfenvach in male. not eniarecdl aout of face mee 
bulging ... Syaith cytrouees ue sp alls ee eLO 
9. Joints 5-7 in tale sient eularcedh Silas, Pome pete ‘Simupele new genus 
Joints 5-9 in male noticeably enlarged. .... .. . . Luperosoma 
10. In male, front of face with a median pore, antennal joints 9 and sometimes 10, 
somewhat triangularly widened at apex. . . Porechontes, new genus 
Front of face in male without a median pore, antennae filiform . . Romanita 
11. North and Central America and Northwestern South America . Luperosoma 
Southern Brazil 2.6. . 3.0 «iets al bw, ats & = Deuterobrotica 


Trichobrotica nymphaea flavicollis, new subspecies 
FIGURE 3 


About 3.5 mm. in length, oblong oval, the middle tibiae in the 
male deeply excised near the apex, pale yellow with a wide brown 
elytral vitta covering most of each elytron, the margin and suture 
yellow, legs with a brown streak on the femora, tibiae and tarsi and 
antennae brown, the antennae with the three apical joints yellow. 

Head with the interocular space approximately half width of head, 
occiput shining, impunctate, frontal tubercles distinctly marked, a 
narrow carina down lower front, entirely pale yellow. Antennae 
very long and slender, the third joint a little shorter than fourth, 
remainder subequal, brownish with the three terminal joints pale 
yellow, tip of apical one dark. Prothorax a little wider than long with 
nearly straight sides, a faint depression in basal half, not well marked, 
shining, entirely pale yellow. Scutellum pale. Elytra finely and 
not densely punctate, with scattered erect hairs, margin pale and 
a wide pale sutural vitta, on each elytron a broad dark-brown vitta 
wider near the scutellum. Body beneath entirely pale, the femora 
with a dark streak above on the anterior pair and the apices of the 
femora dark in the two posterior pairs, tibiae and tarsi brown, the 
middle tibiae of the male deeply incised near apex. Length 3-3.8 
mm.; width 1.5-1.8 mm. 

Type, male, USNM 66856, from Paraiso, Canal Zone, one female 
paratype, taken Feb. 6, 1911, and Mar. 30, 1911, respectively, by 
EK. A. Schwarz and A. H. Jennings. 








GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 2a 


Remarks: The male is an immature specimen with shriveled abdo- 
men which I did not try to dissect. Although both specimens lack 
the pronotal vittae characteristic of 7. nymphaea (Jacoby), the 
specimens in other ways resemble that species so much that I believe 
they are but a color race of it. 


Trichobrotica rhabdota, new species 


FIGureE 8 


About 3 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, nearly impunctate, 
the middle tibiae of the male excised near the apex, elytra with a few 
erectish hairs, pale yellow, each elytron with a wide brownish vitta 
extending from over the humerus to cover half of elytra at base and 
widening towards apex, margin pale. 

Head with the interocular space approximately half width of head, 
occiput rounded, polished, impunctate, frontal tubercles well marked, 
a narrow carina down front, entirely pale yellow. Antennae yellowish 
brown, long, slender, the four terminal joints missing. Prothorax 
only a little wider than long with nearly straight sides, a depression 
in basal half, shining, pale yellow. Scutellum pale. Elytra shining, 
nearly impunctate, pale yellow with a wide brown vitta on each 
elytron, leaving the margin and a wide sutural pale vitta. Body 
beneath entirely pale, the legs entirely pale, middle tibiae of the male 
with a small notch, front tibiae and first tarsal joint a little stouter. 
Length 3 mm.; width 1% mm. 

Type, male, MCZ 30675, from Aracataca, Magdalena Province, 
Colombia, collected by P. J. Darlington, Jr. 

Remarks: This is close to the Panama subspecies, 7. nymphaca 
flavicollis, but the legs are entirely pale and the dark elytral vitta 
not so wide. The aedeagus of this species also differs from that of 
typical nymphaea in not being rounded but pointed at the tip. 


Trichobrotica egensis, new species 
Figure 5 


About 3.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the elytra 
finely punctate, the prothorax with a transverse depression, pale 
yellow brown, a piceous vitta on both sides of pronotum and a wide 
piceous elytral vitta on each elytron joined at the apex. 

Head with the interocular space approximately half width of head, 
a well-rounded occiput, frontal tubercles distinct, a narrow carina 
down front, entirely pale yellow brown. Antennae pale at base, 
third and fourth antennal joints about equal, the rest missing. Pro- 
thorax somewhat wider than long with nearly straight sides, a wide 
transverse sulcus and on either side a wide piceous vitta. Scutellum 
pale. Elytra shining, finely punctate, pale yellow with a broad 


238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


piceous vitta covering half of each elytron and uniting at apex. 
Body beneath and legs entirely pale, anterior coxal cavities open, 
claws appendiculate. Length 3.6 mm.; width 1.5 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH, from Ega, Brazil. 

Remarks: This is closely related to 7. rhabdota from Colombia 
and 7. nymphaea (Jacoby) from Panama, but differs from either in 
the elytral pattern with the elytral vittae joined at the apex. Although 
only a female is known, the male will undoubtedly have notched 
middle tibiae. 


Trichobrotica nigripennis, new species 


FIGURE 2 


About 4.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, moderately shiny, 
the elytra closely and coarsely punctate, middle tibiae of the male 
excised near the apex, pale yellow, the occiput of head tan colored, 
antennae, tibiae, and tarsi dark, femora with a dark streak, pronotum 
with a piceous vitta on either side, elytra piceous with a pale margin. 

Head with the interocular space approximately half width of head, 
occiput shiny, very finely punctate, frontal tubercles swollen, a 
depression in the middle above them, carina very short, lower front 
punctate. Antennae long, slender, dark, joints five to seven a little 
thicker. Prothorax a third wider than long, with wide transverse 
depression, pale with a piceous vitta on each side at the end of the 
sulcus, surface shiny, impunctate. Scutellum pale. Elytra with the 
punctures contiguous, coarse, shallow, surface somewhat shiny, 
piceous, with a pale margin. Body beneath entirely pale, femora pale 
in basal portion, with a dark streak and dark apex, tibiae and tarsi 
piceous. Coxal cavities open, claws appendiculate. Length 4.5 mm.; 
width 1.7 mm. 

Type, male, BMNH, from Ecuador, 1920, Gilbert Hammond 
collector. 

Remarks: This is closely related to Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby) 
and closely resembles 7. biplagiata Blake in coloring but lacks the 
pale elytral spots and the aedeagus is quite different. 


Trichobrotica analis (Weise) 
FIGURE 23 
Neobrotica analis Weise, Ark. Zool., vol. 14, no. 1, p. 95, 1921. 


About 5 mm. in length, oblong oval, moderately shiny, although 
alutaceous, elytra with traces of shallow nearly obsolete punctation, 
especially noticeable in the middle pale spot, moderately convex, 
without depressions, prothorax with a shallow transverse depression; 
yellowish or reddish brown, the antennae except the penultimate joint 
dark brown, tibiae and tarsi dark, and elytra dark piceous with six 








GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 239 


large pale spots on disc and two along each lateral margin, middle 
tibiae of male excised near apex. 

Head pale reddish or yellowish brown, shiny, rounded over the 
occiput with a median depression above the well-marked frontal 
tubercles, a narrow carina down lower front on both sides of which 
the surface is densely and coarsely punctate. Antennae with the 
third joint a little shorter than the fourth, rest subequal, brown except 
for the pale tenth joint. Prothorax a little wider than long with some- 
what arcuate sides and a shallow transverse depression, shiny, reddish 
or yellowish brown. Scutellum pale. Elytra moderately convex, 
without depressions except the short intrahumeral sulcus, alutaceous 
and strongly and confusedly punctate, deep piceous, each elytron with 
three large pale spots, the median being almost a fascia but interrupted 
at the suture; along the sides of the lateral margin two pale spots. 
Epipleura vanishing at apical curve. Body beneath pale with the 
femora for the most part pale with a dark streak above, hind femora 
dark at apex, tibiae and tarsi dark. Anterior coxal cavities open, claws 
appendiculate, middle tibiae of male excised near apex, hind tibiae 
with spine. Length 4.9-5.5 mm.; width 2.4-2.7 mm. 

Type, male, and female paratype, in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, 
Stockholm, Sweden, collected at Mandos, Amazon, Brazil, by Roman. 

Remarks: This species described by Weise as a Neobrotica has 
excised middle tibiae and falls in the genus T’richobrotica. 


Trichobrotica pallida (Jacoby) 
Ficure 1 


Neobrotica pallida Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Americana, 
Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, suppl., p. 335, 1892. 


About 4 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, almost impunctate, 
pale yellow with the antennae, tibiae and tarsi and a dark apex or 
streak on the femora, middle tibiae of the male excised near apex. 

Head with interocular space half width of head, occiput smooth, 
no depression above frontal tubercles, carina short, lower front short. 
Antennae long, dark and hairy, the third joint a little longer than 
second but much shorter than fourth. Prothorax a little wider than 
long, sides nearly straight, a well-marked transverse sulcus. Scutel- 
lum rounded. Elytra wider below the middle, impunctate, with a 
little depression below the slight basal convexity, and another trans- 
verse depression below the middle. Body beneath with the anterior 
coxal cavities open, the middle tibiae excised in the male, the claws 
appendiculate, entirely pale, the anterior femora with a dark streak 
above, the hind femora dark at apex, tibiae and tarsi entirely dark. 
Length 4.2 mm.; width 2 mm. 

Type, male, BMNH, from Panistlahuaca, Mexico, Sallé collector. 


240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Remarks: In Jacoby’s description he states that he has two speci- 
mens. Only one is now at the British Museum and there is none in 
the Bowditch collection. Jacoby described the antennae as having 
the last two segments missing, which applies to the specimen in the 
British Museum. The shallow notching of the middle tibiae is 
more typical of the genus Platymorpha, but the third antennal joint 
is not so compressed as in that genus, and in this respect is similar 
to that of Trichobrotica ruatanae (Jacoby). 


Trichobrotica nigrosignata (Jacoby) 
Figure 17 


Diabrotica nigrosignata Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Ameri- 
cana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 522, 1887. 


About 3.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the elytra 
very finely and not densely punctate, pale yellow with dark antennae 
and dark tibiae and tarsi, and on each elytron three dark markings, 
one from the humerus down the side nearly to the middle, another 
short one from the base down the middle, and the third large spot 
near the apex; middle tibiae of the male excised. 

Head with the interocular space about half width of head, occiput 
smoothly rounded, very finely punctate, no depression above the 
frontal tubercles, a narrow carina down lower front. Antennae 
long, dark brown, with the second and third joints short. Prothorax 
almost as long as wide with slightly rounded sides and a shallow 
depression across lower half. Scutellum pale. Elytra narrowly oblong 
and a little wider at apex, depressed, very finely punctate, shining, 
pale yellow with three dark markings on each elytron: the first from 
the humerus along the side to the middle, the second a very short 
curved vitta from the middle of the base, and the third a large dark 
spot near the apex. Body beneath pale, the femora pale, the tibiae 
and tarsi dark. Claws appendiculate. Length 3.2-4.9 mm.; width 
1.4-1.5 mm. 

Type, male, BMNH, and 4 paratypes, from San Geronimo, Guate- 
mala, Champion collector. One specimen from San Isidro, Guate- 
mala, 1600 ft., Champion collector. 

Remarks: In two specimens the lateral spots are united along the 
side. This species with its excised middle tibiae in the male and 
appendiculate claws belongs rather in Trichobrotica than Diabrotica. 
The short third antennal joint resembles that of 7. ruatanae (Jacoby). 


Trichobrotica fenestrata, new species 
Figure 14 


About 4 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the prothorax 
with a transverse scooped-out area in the lower half, elytra very finely 





GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 241 


punctate, yellow brown with dark antennae, a piceous occiput on the 
head and a darkening over the anterior half of the pronotum, a wide 
dark area extending from the base of elytra over the humerus and 
down the side, widening to cover lateral half below the middle, margin 
and interior pale, body beneath pale with the breast brown, the tibiae 
and tarsi and apical half of femora piceous. 

Head with the interocular space about half width of head, occiput 
smoothly rounded, frontal tubercles distinct, a well-defined carina 
down lower front, the occiput and around eyes piceous, front pale, 
mouthparts brownish. Antennae piceous (last two joints missing), 
third joint a little longer than second, remainder much longer. Pro- 
thorax with nearly straight sides, about a third wider than long, 
a scooped-out area in the basal half; shiny, yellow brown with the 
anterior half darkened. Scutellum pale. Elytra shiny although 
finely alutaceous, very finely punctate, somewhat flattish with small 
humeral prominences and short intrahumeral sulcus, yellow brown 
with a piceous band across base extending down over the humeri and 
along the side and widening in apical half to cover half the elytra, the 
explanate margin wide and pale, interior pale; body beneath pale with 
the breast brownish, basal part of femora pale, apical half, tibiae, and 
tarsi dark. Length 4 mm.; width 1.7 mm. 

Type, female, CAS, from Cordoba, Mexico, A. Fenyes collector. 

Remarks: Only a female of this species has been examined and 
witbout the male it is impossible to be certain into which genus it 
falls, but the front of the head resembles more the species of 
Trichobrotica. 


Neotrichota, new genus 


Type species: Neotrichota flavipennis, new species. 

Elongate oblong oval, head with well-marked frontal tubercles and 
a short carina down the lower front; antennae long and filiform, the 
third joint longer than the second. Prothorax nearly rectangular 
with slightly curved sides and explanate margin, a shallow scooped-out 
area in lower half. Elytra with small humeral prominences, slightly 
wider towards the apex. Anterior coxal cavities open, middle tibiae 
of the male notched near apex, the first tarsal joint of the hindlegs 
scarcely as long as the rest of the joints together, claws bifid. 


This genus resembles species of Trichobrotica except that the claws 
are not appendiculate but bifid. In this respect the genus is like 
Deinocladus, and these two genera alone stand out as having bifid 
claws in a group in which the claws are appendiculate. 

The name Neotrichota is derived from the Latin ‘‘neo,” meaning new, 
and ‘‘trichota,” an abbreviation of Trichobrotica. 


242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


Neotrichota subtilis (Weise) 
Figures 10, 11 


Phyllobrotica subtilis Weise, Ark. Zool., vol. 14, no. 1, p. 104, 1921. 
Neobrotica achroma Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, vol. 9, no. 8, p. 596, 
1958. 

About 4 mm. in length, oblong oval, very shiny, the prothorax with 
a shallow scooped-out depression in the lower half, the elytra with a 
short intrahumeral depression, the pronotum rather sparsely punctate, 
the elytra more densely and strongly punctate, entirely pale yellow 
except the tip of the mouthparts which are brownish, claws bifid. 

Head with the interocular space half width of head, polished, 
impunctate over occiput, frontal tubercles well marked, lower front 
smooth with a short carina. Antennae long, first jomt very long, sec- 
ond joint shorter than third, and third joint shorter than fourth, the 
remainder long and slender, a little darker. Prothorax with nearly 
straight sides, the basal half with shallow scooped-out area, shiny, 
rather sparsely punctate, pale yellow. Scutellum pale. Elytra 
wider towards apex, with small humeral prominences and a short in- 
trahumeral sulcus, shiny, densely and moderately coarsely punctate, 
pale yellow. Body beneath and legs pale, the middle tibiae of the 
male notched near the apex. Claws bifid. Length 4 mm.; width 
1.8 mm. 

Type, male, in Riksmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden, collected on the 
Rio Autaz, Amazon, Roman collector. Two other specimens from 
Santarem, Brazil, in the Carnegie Museum. A female (type of Neo- 
brotica achroma Bechyne) in the G. Frey Museum, Tutzing bei 
Miinchen, Germany, collected at Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Remarks: Both Bechyne’s and Weise’s types have been examined 
by the writer and they are the same. Because of the bifid claws 
this species cannot be included in the genus Trichobrotica which it 
strongly resembles. For the same reason it cannot be a species of 
either Phyllobrotica or Neobrotica. 


Neotrichota flavipennis, new species 
Figure 12 


About 4.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, faintly shining, 
the elytra densely and strongly punctate, the prothorax transversely 
depressed in the basal half, middle tibiae of the male excised; pale 
yellow with the three terminal antennal joints brown, and with a 
pale reddish brown vitta on each side of the prothorax. 

Head with the interocular space approximately half width of head, 
frontal tubercles somewhat swollen with a depression above them, a 
short carina down the lower front, which is smooth, without depres- 
sions and with long pale hairs, upper half of head a deeper yellow 








GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 243 


than the lower front. Antennae extending below the middle of the 
elytra, joints long, slender and from the third to eighth joints sub- 
equal, last three joints deep brown. Prothorax about rectangular 
with the sides nearly straight, a slightly scooped-out depression in 
the basal half, surface shining, punctate along the base, pale yellow 
with a pale reddish-brown vitta on each side wider anteriorly but 
not meeting in middle. Scutellum pale yellow. Elytra elongate, a 


- well-marked intrahumeral sulcus, densely and moderately coarsely 


but shallowly punctate, pale yellow, a few hairs at apex. Body 
beneath entirely pale yellow, the front tibiae thickened and middle 
tibiae notched near the apex in the male. Claws bifid. Length 
4.5-5 mm.; width 1.8—2 mm. 

Type, male, and 2 paratypes, USNM 66857, from Mr. Peter’s 
Hall, 2 miles from Georgetown, British Guiana, Sept. 22, 1918, col- 
lected by Harold Morrison. 

Remarks: This is another species with bifid claws but strongly re- 
sembling the TVrichobrotica sexplagiata group with notched middle 
tibiae in the male and similar shape and markings except that the 
elytra are entirely pale. 


Ectmesopus rhabdotus, new species 


FIGURE 32 


About 3 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, the antennae in the 
male with the tenth joint wider than the rest and the middle tibiae 
excised; pale yellow brown with the occiput of the head dark, the 
prothorax with a piceous lateral vitta on either side, elytra shining 
with a blue-violet luster, tibiae in the apical half deeper brown. 

Head smoothly rounded over the occiput with fine punctures over 
the rather indistinct frontal tubercles, a narrow carina, pale yellow 
with the occiput of the head having a darkened area behind the eyes 
and the tip of the mouthparts also dark. Antennae in the male with 
joints eight to ten gradually thickening, the tenth joint the widest, 
basal and terminal joints pale yellow brown, the remainder gradually 
deepening in color to the tenth which is piceous. Prothorax a little 
wider than long, with nearly straight sides, disc smooth and without 
depressions, shining, impunctate, pale yellow brown with a piceous 
vitta extending to margin and nearly the length of the pronotum on 
each side. Scutellum brown. Elytra blue violet, shining, in the one 
specimen examined the elytra much wrinkled, the specimen being 
immature. Body beneath entirely pale, the legs pale with the apical 
half of tibiae brown. Length 2.8 mm.; width 1.2 mm. 

Type, male, USNM 66855, collected at Bahia Honda, Cuba, on 
June 1-3, by H. F. Wickham. 


244. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Remarks: The markings of this species resemble those of E. 
vitticollis Blake from Puerto Rico except that the vittae on the pro- 
thorax are longer. The graduated enlargement of the eighth to tenth 
antennal joints is different from any of the other species. 


Luperosoma vittatum, new species 
Ficure 19 


About 3.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the elytra 
finely punctate, in the male the fifth to eighth antennal joints enlarged 
and the middle tibiae excised, pale yellow brown with a broad piceous 
vitta on each side of prothorax and a broad piceous vitta nearly 
covering each elytron leaving the margin and a narrow pale sutural 
vitta. 

Head with the interocular space approximately half width of head, 
occiput smoothly rounded, frontal tubercles well marked with a 
median depression above, a narrow carina down lower front. An- 
tennae in the male longer than half the body, third joint short and 
compressed, not so long as second, fourth joint very long and slender, 
fifth joint wider, sixth, seventh, eighth, much widened, ninth to 
eleventh gradually diminishing in width, entirely dark piceous. Pro- 
thorax only a little wider than long with the sides only slightly curved, 
a faint transverse depression, surface shining, pale yellow with a 
broad piceous vitta on each side. Scutellum pale. Elytra rather 
depressed, a small basal callosity with an intrahumeral sulcus, surface 
shining, finely and moderately densely punctate, pale yellow brown 
with a broad piceous vitta extending nearly across the elytra, leaving 
only a narrow pale vitta at the suture and the lateral margin pale. 
Body beneath pale yellow brown with the tibiae and tarsi a little 
darker, anterior tibiae in male enlarged, middle tibiae in male deeply 
excised, anterior coxal cavities open, claws appendiculate. Length 
3.5 mm.; width 1.4 mm. 

Type, male, USNM 66850, collected at Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 
July 9, 1918, by F. J. Dyer, at 5400 ft. altitude. 

Remarks: The color pattern is similar to Phyjllecthrus gentilis 
Leconte, but the enlarged antennal joints (in this case the intermediate 
instead of the terminal joints) and deeply excised middle tibiae in 
the male are like those of Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby and L. 
nigrum Blake, both from South America. 


Luperosoma nigricolle, new species 


Figure 21 


About 3 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, entirely dark piceous, 
the antennae with thickened apical joints in the male (no female 
examined) and excised middle tibiae, elytra rather rugosely punctate. 














GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 245 


Head with the interocular space approximately half width of head, 
occiput smooth, shining, with few punctures, the frontal tubercles 
swollen, lower front short, a short carina, entirely dark piceous. 
Antennae not extending to the middle of the elytra, third joint not 
so long as second, fourth the longest, remainder gradually decreasing 
in length and the four apical joints short and broad, deep brown. 
Prothorax only a bit wider than long with nearly straight sides, 
slightly depressed in the basal half, shining, impunctate, piceous. 
Scutellum piceous. Elytra a little depressed, with a short intra- 
humeral sulcus, rather coarsely and rugosely punctate, shining dark 
piceous. Body beneath entirely dark, frontal cavities open, claws 
appendiculate. Length 3 mm.; width 1.5 mm. 

Type, male, CAS, from Coyote Cove, Conception Bay, Lower 
California, collected Oct. 1, 1941, by Ross and Bohart. 

Remarks: Only a single male so far is known. It differs from the 
North American species of Zwperosoma in having a dark instead of 
a pale pronotum. 


Luperosoma parvulum (Jacoby) 
Figure 20 


Luperus parvulus Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Americana, 
Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 597, 1888. 

Between 2.5 and 3 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, very shiny, 
the prothorax very finely and the elytra more distinctly and thickly 
punctate, the punctures becoming invisible on the sides and near 
apex, deep bluish black, the antennae and legs deep brownish piceous, 
in the male the middle tibiae excised and the last two joints of the 
antennae thickened, prothorax without visible depression on the disc. 

Head with interocular space about half width of head, frontal 
tubercles swollen and a transverse depression oyer them, carina 
broad and flattish, lower front entirely dark, shining. Antennae 
extending to the middle of the elytra, the three basal joints dark 
reddish brown, remainder covered with pale pubescence and possibly 
a little darker. Second joint a little longer than third, fourth joint 
about equal to second and third together, rest subequal, gradually 
widening so that the tenth and eleventh joints are quite heavy. Pro- 
thorax only a little wider than long with slightly curved sides, not at all 
depressed although not very convex, but smoothly rounded, surface 
very finely punctate becoming more densely and distinctly punctate 
near the bottom, entirely shiny dark bluish black. Scutellum dark. 
Elytra narrowly elongate, smooth with a short intrahumeral sulcus, 
strongly punctate along the suture, in the base with transverse 
wrinkles near the suture, punctation tending to be striate and be- 
coming evanescent on sides and below the middle; shining dark blue. 


246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Body beneath dark (hidden by the glue on which it is stuck to a card) ; 
middle tibiae of the male excised near the apex. Length 2.8 mm; 
width 1.3 mm. 

Type, male, MCZ, from Guanajuato, Mexico, Sallé collector. 

Remarks: This is another of the species with excised middle tibiae 
and with the terminal joints of the antennae enlarged in the male. 
It differs from the others of the genus Luperosoma in that the pro- 
thorax is not at all depressed, in this respect resembling the species 
of the West Indian genus Ectmesopus. In fact, except for the locality 
of Mexico, there is little to differentiate this from the West Indian 
genus. 

Platymorpha centromaculata (Jacoby) 


FIGURE 9 


Malacorhinus centromaculatus Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 590, 1888. 

About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, not at all shiny, dull 
alutaceous, the elytra densely but not coarsely punctate, the prothorax 
faintly depressed in the lower half, pale yellow brown, on the elytra 2 
piceous spots below the middle and a faint trace of spotting near the 
base in middle, the femora dark streaked, tibiae, tarsi, and antennae 
dark. 

Head with interocular space more than half width of head, a median 
depressed line down the occiput and a depression over the frontal 
tubercles, alutaceous with a few punctures on the occiput, carina short, 
front short. Antennae extending to the middle of the elytra, piceous 
with the terminal three joints a little paler brown, second and third 
joints short. Prothorax with the sides only slightly curved and with 
a very faint depression in the basal half, alutaceous, the punctation 
distinct on the ridges on the sides, entirely pale yellow brown. Scutel- 
lum pale. Elytra alutaceous, rather densely and finely punctate, 
pale yellow brown, each elytron having a piceous spot below the middle, 
and a very faint trace of a spot in middle near the base. Body beneath 
pale with the breast a shade darker and the femora pale with a dark 
outer streak, tibiae and tarsi dark, claws appendiculate. Length 7 
mm.; width 3.3 mm. 


Type, female, MCZ, from Capetillo, Guatemala, Champion collector. 

Remarks: Jacoby put this species ‘provisionally’ in the genus 
Malacorhinus but wrote that it differs from the others in the “more 
transversely shaped and not posteriorly constricted thorax and 
in the longer metatarsus of the posterior legs.’’ The short third 
antennal joint, the shape of the prothorax with its very faint depres- 
sion, the coloring of the whole beetle, together with its alutaceous 
surface. all resemble species of Platymorpha. Jacoby had at least one 





} 
f 





GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 247 


more specimen which was collected at Tepanistlahuaca, Mexico, by 
Sallé and is now probably in the British Museum. He also writes of 
a variety without spots. There is in the U.S. National Museum col- 
lection a specimen from Yepocapa, Guatemala, that may be the male 
of Jacoby’s centromaculatus. It has, however, an additional pair of 
spots in the basal half of the elytra. On the other hand, it does not 
entirely correspond with Jacoby’s description of the variety of Platy- 
morpha variegata because there is no humeral dark spot, and in Jacoby’s 
description no mention is made of median basal spots. One of the 
localities given by Jacoby for variegata is Capetillo, Guatemala, which 
is the same locality as that for centromaculata. 

To J. A. Wilcox belongs the credit for noting that Jacoby’s species 
doubtfully described as a species of Malacorhinus really belongs to 
Platymor pha. 


Platymorpha homoia, new species 
Figure 4 


About 6.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, feebly shining, alu- 
taceous, the elytra finely punctate, the pronotum with a shallow, not 
very conspicuous transverse depression, the head in the male with a 
somewhat depressed lower front in the middle of which above the 
labrum protrudes a bifid spine, antennae with the second and third 
joints very short and compressed in the male, the remainder long, 
heavy and triangular at apex; pale yellowish brown with dark antennae, 
dark tibiae and tarsi, the femora with a dark streak at the apex, in the 
male the first tarsal joint and front tibiae much dilated, the middle 
tibiae excised near the apex. 

Head with the interocular space a little more than half width of 
head, occiput alutaceous and finely punctate, a median depression over 
the frontal tubercles, carina short, below this the lower front shallowly 
depressed, with the labrum produced somewhat horizontally and right 
over it in the middle a bifid spine; all pale yellowish brown. Antennae 
long and dark and wide, the second and third joints short and com- 
pressed, the two terminal joints lacking. Prothorax with the lateral 
explanate margin visible from above its entire length and at apex 
slightly toothed; the transverse sulcus not very conspicuous but a 
shallow depression; surface alutaceous, finely punctate, entirely pale. 
Scutellum pale. Elytra alutaceous and finely punctate, entirely pale, 
except for a very faint median brown spot below the middle on each 
elytron. Body beneath entirely pale, femora pale with a dark streak, 
tibiae and tarsi dark. In the male the front tibiae widened near the 
apex and the first tarsal joint nearly globular above, the underside 
slightly concave; middle tibiae with a barely perceptible notch, very 
shallowly excised near the apex; first tarsal joint of hindlegs long and 


248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


slender, anterior coxal cavities open, claws appendiculate, a spine on 
middle and hind tibiae. Length 8.5 mm.; width 2.7 mm. 


Type, male, USNM 66854, from Mauricio, Guatemala, collected in 
May 1891, by G. W. Bock, from the Knab collection. 


Remarks: With the exception of the specimens of Platymorpha 
smaragdipennis Jacoby all the others of this genus that I have 
examined may possibly be of one species, since in general shape 
they are all very similar, although the variation in color and spotting 
is considerable. Jacoby described P. variegata as having the elytra 
black, and described as a variety of that two specimens with pale 
fulvous elytra having a small black spot placed on the shoulder and 
a more transversely shaped spot at the middle. The present species 
differs from the spotted variety in being pale yellow brown, and not 
at all reddish brown, with only a trace of a spot behind the middle on 
each elytron. Jacoby did not mention another male character, the 
median spine on the lower front of the face. 


Romanita amazonica Bechyne 


FIGURE 31 
Romanita amazonica Bechyne, Ark. Zool., vol. 11, p. 136, 1958. 


About 5 mm. in length, oblong oval, somewhat shiny, distinctly 
punctate, the head, elytra, breast, abdomen and legs entirely dark 
piceous, antennal joints four to seven piceous, basal joints partly 
dark, four terminal joints pale yellow; thorax pale, middle tibiae 
of the male excised near apex, and third antennal joint compressed. 


Head with the interocular space half width of head, occiput smooth, 
alutaceous, very finely punctate, frontal tubercles distinct, smooth, 
carina short, disappearing in the rather swollen lower front, head 
entirely piceous. Antennae very hairy, second and third joints short, 
remainder very long, the last four joints pale yellow. Prothorax 
with the sides slightly rounded, wider than long, a distinct transverse 
sulcus, alutaceous and rather coarsely punctate. Scutellum dark. 
Elytra wider towards apex with a moderately wide explanate margin, 
entirely piceous, shining, a short intrahumeral sulcus, finely punctate 
with a faint trace of a postmedian depression. Body beneath with 
the breast, abdomen, and legs entirely piceous; anterior coxal cavities 
open, a spine on middle and hind tibiae, the middle tibiae with a 
small excision near apex in the male, claws appendiculate, the first 
tarsal joint long. Length 5 mm.; width 2.5 mm. 

Type, in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden, and a 
paratype, a male, in Frey Museum, Tutzing bei Munich, Germany, 
both from Rio Uaupes, Taractia, Rio Negro, from S. Gabriel, Roman 
expedition. 





GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 249 


Remarks: The long slender antennae with the short compressed 
third joint in the male, the front of the head that is slightly bulging 
and without any spine, and the rather short prothorax differentiate 
this genus from the Central American genus Platymorpha, in which 
the antennae are stouter, there is a spine on the lower front of the 
face, and the prothorax is longer. 


Romanita vittata Bechyne 


Ficur5 28 
Romanita vittata Bechyne, Ark. Zool., vol. 11, p. 1387, 1958. 


About 4.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, the antennae missing, 
the prothorax smooth and without any transverse depression, elytra 
with a slight depression below basal callosity and another below the 
middle, finely punctate with a tendency towards being striate; pale 
yellow brown with the occiput of the head dark, three dark pronotal 
vittae, the middle one the widest, and a wide vitta on each elytron 
covering more than half of each, breast brownish. 

Head with the interocular space about half width of head, occiput 
rounded, frontal tubercles distinct, carina short ending in a slightly 
swollen ridge below the antennal sockets; pale yellow brown with the 
mouthparts brownish. Antennae missing, but said by Bechyne to be 
like those of R. amazonica. Prothorax wider than long with slightly 
curved sides and without any transverse sulcus visible to me although 
Bechyne stated it was “feebly impressed’’; shiny pale yellow with a 
wide median vitta and a narrower one on each side. Scutellum dark. 
Eyltra narrow, elongate, with a slight basal callosity and a depression 
below, and also another transverse impression below the middle, 
punctation fine, tending to be striate; pale yellow brown with a wide 
piceous vitta on each elytron beginning at the humerus and widening 
gradually towards apex but not extending to the suture, the apex dark, 
lateral margin pale, epipleura vanishing at apical curve. Body 
beneath pale with the breast brownish, the femora pale with a dark 
streak above, tibiae and tarsi brownish, a spine on hind tibiae, ? on 
others, claws appendiculate. Length 4.5 mm.; width 2 mm. 

Type, female, in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden, 
from S. Gabriel, Roman expedition, collected on December 26. 

Remarks: This female specimen with no antennae and without any 
discernible depression across the pronotum is without any characters 
by which it can be definitely placed in the genus Romanita. 


Romanita ornata Bechyne 
Figure 34 
Romanita ornata Bechyne, Ark. Zool., vol. 11, p. 136, 1958. 


About 7 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, the prothorax with a 


782—219—66——_2 


250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


shallow transverse sulcus not at all conspicuous, the elytra finely 
punctate, a little wrinkled and with faint costae; piceous, the prothorax 
pale, the body beneath except the breast pale, femora pale at base, a 
narrow pale fascia below the middle of elytra, not joined at suture, 
and a pale apical spot on each elytron. 

Head with the interocular space about half width of head, the occiput 
polished and finely punctate, faint traces of frontal tubercles but flat, 
and a flat interantennal area without a carina swelling out below and 
widening; entirely dark. Antennae (in female) with the third joint a 
little longer than second, fourth joint considerably longer than second 
and third together and longer than the succeeding joints which are 
subequal, piceous with the three terminal joints pale yellow. Pro- 
thorax somewhat wider than long with nearly straight sides and with 
a very shallow transverse sulcus, scarcely visible; pale yellow, polished, 
nearly impunctate. Scutellum dark. Elytra obsoletely and rather 
rugosely punctate, and with traces of costae, shining piceous with a 
pale yellow fascia below the middle interrupted at the suture and 
somewhat depressed, a round pale spot also near the apex. Epipleura 
vanishing at apical curve. Body beneath pale except the dark breast, 
femora pale at base but dark in apical half, tibiae and tarsi dark. 
Anterior coxal cavities open, the claws appendiculate. Length 6.8 
mm.; width 3 mm. 


Type, female, in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden, 
collected on the Rio Negro, S. Gabriel, Amazon, Roman expedition, 
January 5. 

?Romanita fasciata (Weise) 


FIGurRE 35 
Neobrotica fasciata Weise, Ark. Zool., vol. 14, no. 1, p. 93, 1921. 


About 8 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, the elytra finely 
punctate, the punctures in the pale band coarser and more distinct, 
and with a suggestion of being geminate striate between feeble traces 
of costae, the transverse sulcus on the prothorax not marked; pale 
yellow brown, the head, antennae and legs piceous, elytra piceous 
with a broad pale band across the middle but interrupted at the 
suture, apex narrowly pale. 


Head with the interocular space approximately half width of 
head, occiput polished, impunctate, frontal tubercles distinctly 
marked but not swollen, a median depression above them, a narrow, 
distinct carina down the lower front, entirely dark shiny piceous. 
Antennae with the third joint a little longer than the second, both 
together not so long as the fourth, rest a little shorter, long and slender, 
dark brown with the three terminal joints pale. Prothorax rectangu- 
lar, almost twice as broad as long with slightly curved sides and 





GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE Za 


unusually shallow transverse depression more marked at the ends; 
very finely punctate, polished yellow brown. Scutellum yellow 
brown. Elytra with traces of lateral costae, finely punctate, in the 
dark part but in the broad pale median fascia which is also somewhat 
depressed, the punctation tending to be geminate striate and coarser; 
the fascia interrupted at suture, apex narrowly pale. Body beneath 
pale with the breast brownish, legs except coxae dark, anterior coxal 
cavities open, a spine at end of middle and hind tibiae, claws ap- 
pendiculate. Length 8.2 mm.; width 3.8 mm. 

Type, female, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden, 
collected at Manaos, on the Amazon, Brazil, by Roman. 

Remarks: This is certainly not a species of Neobrotica as Weise 
has described it. Bechyne has stated that it is possible it may belong 
in his genus Romanita. Only a female is known, but it shows little 
resemblance to Romanita amazonica Bechyne, the genotype, except 
in the long fourth antennal joint. Whether the third joint in the 
male is short and compressed and the middle tibiae notched is im- 
possible to determine at present. There is a depression behind the 
middle of the elytra, which is one of the characters that Bechyne 
gives for Romanita. 


Porechontes, new genus 


Type species: Porechontes wilcori, new species. 

Elongate oblong oval, head with the lower front smooth and some- 
what bulging, in the male a pore in the middle of the lower front 
below the antennal sockets. Antennae long, extending to the middle 
of the elytra, the third joint short and compressed in the male, fourth 
joint longer than the fifth joint, usually the eight and ninth joints a 
little wider or irregularly triangular in the male. Prothorax with 
a shallow, scooped-out depression in the basal half, sides rounded 
with the explanate margin visible from above. Elytra without 
depressions, confusedly punctate. Anterior coxal cavities open, 
middle tibiae in the male excised near the apex, first joint of hind tarsi 
long, claws appendiculate. 

This genus differs from the genus Romanita as typified by Romanita 
amazonica Bechyne in the shape of the head with the pore in the 
middle of the lower face, in having the ninth and tenth antennal 
joints usually somewhat widened in the male, and by the narrower 
prothorax and lack of any depression behind the middle of the elytra. 
It is distinguished from Platymorpha by the shape of the head which 
instead of having a spine over the labrum and a short carina, has a 
long somewhat bulging lower front with a pore below the antennal 
sockets. Platymorpha albiventris Blake (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
108, p. 99, 1958) belongs in this genus. At the time I described the 

782-219 663 


252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


species none other had been seen and I tentatively included it in 
Platymorpha stating that it was not closely related to the other species. 

The name Porechontes is derived from the Greek zopos, meaning 
“pore,” and éxovres, meaning ‘“‘having.”’ 


Porechontes wilcoxi, new species 


FicurE 29 


Between 3 and 4.5 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, elytra 
finely punctate, in the male the middle tibiae slightly notched and 
the third antennal joint short and compressed, in the female the third 
joint a little longer than the second, remaining joints long, in the 
male the ninth and tenth joints somewhat dilated; yellow brown with 
the occiput of the head and mouthparts piceous, pronotum more than 
half piceous, pale along the base, elytra piceous with the margin and 
a wide vitta common to both elytra along the suture and widened 
near the apex into a roundish area, pale, the abdomen and base of 
femora and ninth and tenth antennal joints pale. 


Head with the interocular space about half width of head, occiput 
smoothly rounded, polished, finely punctate, dark to the antennal 
sockets, frontal tubercles clearly marked, lower front pale, bulging 
out so that the carina is not apparent, a pore in the middle of the front 
of the male; mouthparts dark. Antennae with the third joint short 
and compressed in the male, a little longer in the female, remainder 
long, dark, hairy except the ninth and tenth joints which are pale 
and in the male slightly wider. Prothorax about one-third wider 
than long with the sides only slightly rounded, a broad scooped-out 
depression in lower half; surface shining, very finely punctate; piceous 
except for the pale margin and pale basal fascia. Scutellum shining 
piceous. Elytra rather flat with wide explanate margin, small 
humeri, shiny; shallowly punctate, piceous with wide pale margin on 
the sides and wide pale sutural vitta beginning below the scutellum 
and widening in a roundish apical area before apex. Body beneath 
pale with the breast dark, the femora dark in apical half, tibiae and 
tarsi dark, anterior tibiae thickened in male and the middle tibiae 
with a barely perceptible notch; anterior coxal cavities open, claws 
appendiculate. Length 3-4.5 mm.; width 1.7-2.3 mm. 

Type, male, MCZ 30676; 14 paratypes, of which 4 are in the U.S. 
National Museum, from Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, col- 
lected June 23, 1924 by Nathan Banks. Other specimens from 
Tabernella, Cobima, Canal Zone, collected by A. Busck. 

Remarks: This species closely resembles the two following in size 
and shape and in having the ninth and tenth joints of the antennae 
in the male slightly dilated and a pore in the middle of the front of 











GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 253 


the face. As in Romanita amazonica and the species of Platymorpha 
the third antennal joint in the male is compressed. 


Porechontes limbella (Weise) 


Figure 30 


Chthoneis limbella Weise, Ark. Zool., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 103-104, 1921. 


About 4 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the pronotum 
punctate along the base, the elytra strongly and a little rugosely 
punctate, the occiput of head, tip of abdomen, elytra (except lateral 
margin), legs more or less piceous, the lower front of head and base 
of femora deep brown, prothorax and body beneath pale, the antennae 
with the three terminal joints pale, ninth joint in male widened and 
middle tibiae excised. 

Head with the interocular space half width of head, occiput finely 
punctate, frontal tubercles somewhat swollen and a narrow carina 
that is lost in the somewhat swollen and smooth lower front, that is 
paler than the dark occiput and rather densely punctate, in the male 
a deep pore in middle below the antennal sockets, eyes large and rather 
bulging. Antennae long, slender and hairy, extending beyond the 
middle of the elytra, in the male the third joint shorter than the 
second and cup shaped, and the ninth widening in a triangular shape 
towards apex, basal joints yellowish brown, terminal three joints pale 
yellow with the apex of the last dark. Prothorax with the sides 
slightly curved, a scooped-out depression in lower half, surface shiny 
and distinctly punctate along anterior and basal margin but not in 
the depression, entirely pale. Scutellum dark brown. Elytra smooth, 
without depressions except the short intrahumeral one, rather densely 
and somewhat rugosely punctate, piceous with the pale margin along 
the sides becoming brownish at apex. Body beneath pale yellow 
with the tip of the abdomen dark, the femora at base pale brown, 
becoming piceous outwardly, tibiae and tarsi piceous, middle tibiae 
of the male notched, anterior coxal cavities open, claws appendiculate, 
no spine discernible on the tibiae. Length 4 mm.; width 2.2 mm. 

Type, male, in Riksmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden, from Rio Purus, 
Amazon, Roman collector. 

Remarks: This is closely related to Porechontes albwventris (Blake). 


Simopsis, new genus 


Type species: Simopsis neobroticoides, new species. 

Elongate oblong oval, head with the face rather flat, only a trace 
of a carina and the frontal tubercles only outlined. Antennae in the 
male with the third joint short and compressed, the fourth joint longest 
of all, and joints four to eight somewhat thicker than the rest. Pro- 


254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


thorax faintly depressed in the basal half and with rounded sides and 
explanate margin. Elytra wider apically and somewhat costate, the 
punctation confused and rugose. Anterior coxal cavities open, middle 
tibiae in the male excised, first tarsal joint of hindlegs longer than 
the rest together, claws appendiculate. 

This genus has been erected for a beetle that does not fit into any 
genus although closely resembling the genera Platymorpha, Romanita, 
and Porechontes in having in the male a short, compressed third 
antennal joint. It differs from all of them in general shape as well 
as in having a different face without any spine or pore or swollen 
lower front. Superficially it resembles species of Neobrotica in its 
markings and somewhat costate elytra, but does not belong in this 
genus because of its excised middle tibiae and short third antennal 
joint. 

The name Simopsis is derived from the Greek oupués, meaning “flat 
nosed,” and oyis, meaning “face.” 


Simopsis neobroticoides, new species 
FIGURE 24 


About 5 mm. in length, oblong oval, shiny, the prothorax feebly 
depressed in basal half, the elytra somewhat costate and with rugose 
punctation, pale yellow brown with a piceous head and piceous mark- 
ings at base and apex of elytra, the breast dark, the middle tibiae in 
the male excised and the intermediate antennal joints a little widened. 

Head with the interocular space half width of head, occiput smoothly 
rounded, a faint depression over the obscure frontal tubercles, and 
on each side near the eye a deep fovea, lower front rather flat with an 
inconspicuous carina, dark piceous except the neck and the palpi 
which are yellow. Antennae extending to the middle of the elytra, 
joints four to eight deeper brown and in the male a little widened, 
the third joint short and compressed, the fourth joint longer than the 
rest. Prothorax with rounded sides and feebly depressed in the lower 
half, shining, pale yellowish brown. Scutellum bicolored. Elytra 
wider towards apex, feebly costate along the sides and with coarse 
rugose punctation, pale yellowish brown with piceous basal markings 
covering humerus and extending down the side and middle a quarter 
the length of the elytra, other piceous markings at the apex consisting 
of two spots, more or less joined, on each elytron. Body beneath 
pale with the breast dark, legs entirely pale, anterior tibiae and first 
tarsal joint in the male swollen, middle tibiae excised near the apex. 
Anterior coxal cavities open, claws appendiculate. Length 5 mm.; 
width 2.5 mm. 

Type, male, BMNH, from Rio Purus, Amazon region, taken in 
October 1874. 








GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 255 


Remarks: In general shape, color, and markings this strongly re- 
sembles a species of Neobrotica. 


Oroetes wilcoxi, new species 
FicurE 18 


About 6 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, very minutely 
punctate, the male with the face excavated, antennal joints only ten 
in number, the third and fourth antennal joints excavated near the 
end, and the pronotum with a median knob anteriorly, none of these 
abnormalities present in the head, antennae, or pronotum of the 
female; pale yellow brown with dark brown antennae in the female 
and pale yellow brown, except basal joint, in the male, elytra with 
basal third yellow brown, the rest deep violet. 

Head with interocular space more than half width of head, in female 
smoothly rounded over the occiput, polished, the lower front flat, 
paler yellow, without trace of carina or tubercles, in the male the 
lower front below the antennal sockets hollowed out with a flattish oval 
side piece extending from the antennal sockets to labrum, the mouth- 
parts yellowish brown. Antennae 10-jointed in male, the first joint 
robust, very swollen, second short, third short, excavated at the end, 
fourth longer than basal joint with a cutout incision near the basal 
end, remaining joints long and becoming more slender towards apical 
joint, terminal joint very elongate and deeper brown, the rest yellowish. 
In the female the basal joint more slender, second and third joints 
short and about equal, remainder long and a little more slender 
than in the male. Prothorax wider than long with slightly rounded 
sides and a scooped-out depression in the basal half, in the male a 
prominence on either side anteriorly and the anterior margin produced 
a little in the middle with a knoblike swelling having a small hole in it 
and setae about the edges; in the female the side humps less developed 
and no such median knob; shiny pale yellow. Scutellum pale yellow. 
Elytra wider behind the middle with small humeral prominences and 
wide explanate margin, shiny, very finely punctate, pale yellow in 
basal third, the remainder of elytra deep violet. Epipleura not ex- 
tending much beyond the middle; body beneath and legs entirely 
yellow, the middle tibiae of the male notched near the apex, all tibiae 
with a tiny spine; anterior tibiae in the male stouter, and the first 
tarsal joint enlarged and cylindrical; claws appendiculate, anterior 
coxal cavities open. Length 5.5-7.5 mm.; width 2.5-3 mm. 

Type, male, USNM 66852, and 1 female paratype, both from 
Rurrenabaque, Rio Beni, Bolivia, collected October 1921 by W. M. 
Mann. 

Remarks: This species is the second of the genus to be described. 
Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby was described from specimens from Chon- 


256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


tales, Nicaragua, and Bugaba and David, Panama. In the present 
species the elytra instead of being entirely deep violaceous are viola- 
ceous with the basal third pale yellow. Also in the structure of the 
male antennae the third and fourth joints are a little differently formed, 
with a smaller round incision near the apical and basal ends of the 
joints. Otherwise the two species bear a strong resemblance to each 
other in spite of the widely separated regions in which they were 
collected. Like Phyllecthrus, both species have only ten joints in the 
male antennae. John A. Wilcox unearthed the specimens in the U.S. 
National Museum collection and has generously handed them over to 
me to describe. 
Deuterobrotica atlanta (Bechyne) 


Figure 25 


Neobrotica atlanta Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, vol. 7, p. 318, 1950. 
Deuterobrotica atlanta (Bechyne).—Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, vol. 9, p. 
596, 1958. 

About 5 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, the elytra rather 
coarsely punctate, antennae in the male with the terminal joints en- 
larged and the middle tibiae excised near the apex. Head and pro- 
thorax tan colored, head with a short dark piceous mark on either side of 
the tan-colored occiput, elytra piceous with pale margins and suture 
and a short incurving pale vitta on each elytron, body beneath and 
legs except coxae black. 


Head with the interocular space more than half width of head, 
occiput rounded, frontal tubercles swollen, a slight depression over 
them, a very short carina and a rather long lower front, pale except for 
two piceous marks at the base of the occiput. Antennae in male with 
the last three joints somewhat enlarged, third joint shorter than fourth, 
entirely dark. Prothorax nearly rectangular, the explanate margin 
visible from above entire length; very shiny with the transverse sulcus 
shallow and not conspicuous except at the ends. Scutellum pale. 
Elytra piceous, the margin and suture pale yellow and a short in- 
curving pale vitta extending down from the intrahumeral sulcus and 
not reaching the middle of the elytron. Body beneath and legs ex- 
cept coxae dark. Coxal cavities open, claws appendiculate, middle 
tibiae of the male with a small notch. Length 5.5 mm. 


Type, male, in G. Frey Museum, Tutzing bei Miinchen, Germany, 
collected at Nova Teutonia, St. Catarina, Brazil, Nov. 5, 1950, F. 
Plaumann collector. 


Remarks: Bechyne has described the genus Deuterobrotica as 
having the terminal joints of the antennae in the male enlarged and 
the pronotum with seta-bearing punctures on the side. He did not 
note the excised middle tibiae in the male. 








GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 257 


Deuterobrotica bechynei, new name 


FIGURE 22 


Neobrotica lineigera Bechyne (not Bechyne 1956, not Jacoby 1887), Ent. Arb. 
G. Frey Mus., vol. 9, no. 2, p. 600, 1958. 

About 6 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, the elytra with rather 
rugose punctation, pale with dark antennae and legs and dark under- 
surface, two small dark spots at base of head and dark elytra having 
a pale sutural vitta and a pale median vitta extending to apical curve 
and a pale margin. 

Head with the interocular space more than half its width, occiput 
broad, a shallow depression above the well-marked tubercles, carina 
very short, barely reaching below the antennal sockets; occiput tan 
colored with two small dark vittate spots on either side of base, the 
front becoming paler, labrum piceous. Antennae long and slender 
and entirely dark in female. Prothorax approximately twice as 
broad as long with the lateral margin visible its entire length when 
viewed from above, the sides nearly straight, the transverse sulcus well 
marked, entirely pale. Scutellum reddish brown. Elytra alutaceous, 
but shiny, with large dense shallow punctures forming somewhat short 
rugose transverse ridges; pale yellow with a wide piceous lateral 
vitta united three-quarters of the way down with a broad median vitta 
of irregular shape, the margin and suture being pale. Body beneath 
and legs entirely dark except the pale trochanters; anterior coxal 
cavities open, claws appendiculate. Length 5.8 mm. 

Type, female, from Santa Catarina, Brazil, in G. Frey Museum, 
Tutzing bei Miinchen, Germany. 

Remarks: Bechyne has described two different species under the 
name Neobrotica lineigera within two years of each other. The second 
species was published in 1958. Jacoby has already described a 
Neobrotica linigera in 1887 (Biol. Cent. Amer. Coleopt., vol. 6, pt. 1, 
p. 574, 1887), a quite different species from either of Bechyne’s two 
lineigeras. The name lineigera is essentially the same as linigera and 
according to the rules of zoological nomenclature, art. 58, no. 2, it 
should not stand as distinct. Therefore I am renaming the first 
species of Bechyne’s as Neobrotica atrilineata, which is a manuscript 
name attached by Bowditch to specimens of this species. The second 
species described by Bechyne in 1958 (Ent. Arb. vol. 9, no. 2, p. 600, 
1958), from a female specimen which is not a Neobrotica but a Deutero- 
brotica, I am naming D. bechynei. 


Bechyne in keying out this species distinguishes it and Neobrotica 
latifrons from Deuterobrotica amplicornis by the fact that the terminal 
joints of the antennae are not thickened. He overlooks the fact that 
both latifrons and bechynei were described from single females, and the 


258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


male alone in this genus shows the thickening of the antennal joints. 
All three species occur in the same region, are congeneric and very 
closely related. Undoubtedly the males of both latifrons and bechynei 
have thickened antennal joints and the middle tibiae are excised near 
the apex. 


Deuterobrotica latifrons (Bechyne) 
Ficure 26 
Neobrotica latifrons Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 600, 1958. 


About 6 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shiny, faintly aluta- 
ceous, sparsely but distinctly punctate, pale yellow, the prothorax 
with a broad anterior piceous spot on each side, each elytron with two 
piceous vittae not reaching the apex, one lateral, the other median. 
Antennae dark brown, tibiae and tarsi dark. 


Head with the interocular space more than half width of head, 
occiput smoothly rounded, nearly impunctate, tubercles distinct, 
carina broad and rather flat, lower front short. Antennae long, 
slender, deep reddish brown, third joint shorter than fourth. Pro- 
thorax about one-third wider than long, with the lateral explanate 
margin visible from above all the way, the pores of this margin of which 
Dr. Bechyne writes not visible in the British Museum specimen al- 
though seen in the type in the Frey Museum; surface shining, finely 
punctate, a broad shallow transverse sulcus, pale yellow with a broad 
piceous area extending from the anterior margin to the sulcus and a 
little farther along the side but not reaching the middle on either side. 
Scutellum pale. Elytra with three faint costae on outer half of each 
elytron, finely and rather sparsely punctate, pale yellow with a median 
piceous vitta, wider near the base, and a lateral vitta from the humerus 
to apical curve, wider at the apical curve. Body beneath pale, shiny, 
not pubescent, anterior coxal cavities open, femora pale, tibiae and 
tarsi dark, claws appendiculate. Length 5.7-6 mm.; width 2.8 mm. 

Type, female, in G. Frey Museum, Tutzing bei Miinchen, Germany, 
from Santa Catarina, Brazil. A second specimen, also a female, in the 
British Museum, from the same locality is a better specimen than the 
type which appears to be immature with the elytra and abdomen 
shrunken. In the British Museum specimen the elytra are clearly 
but sparsely punctate. 

Remarks: The British Museum specimen bears the label “9? am- 
plicornis.” It is not D. amplicornis but a closely related species with 
slightly different pronotal markings, in that the dark areas do not 
extend to the base, and the elytral vittae are not joined at the apex. 
Amplicornis is also more coarsely punctate. I believe that the male 
will have excised middle tibiae and enlarged antennal segments. 





GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 259 


Deinocladus, new genus 


Type species: Diabrotica pectinicornis Baly. 

Elongate oblong oval, the head with well-defined frontal tubercles 
and a prominent carina down the lower front. Antennae in the male 
with the third joint short and compressed, fourth joint very long, 
joints five to eight becoming gradually larger, usually with a spur on 
the outside, ninth joint much widened and lengthened, tenth joint 
usually not quite so wide but also deformed, eleventh joint long and 
slender. Prothorax with a lateral edge and a more or less transverse 
sulcus across the disc, narrow but distinct in two species and only 
apparent at the ends in the third species. Elytra a little wider in 
apical half, in all three species the elytra piceous with a transverse 
pale fascia or a large pale spot, the margin and apex pale. In one 
species the elytra feebly costate. Anterior coxal cavities open, legs 
long and slender, the middle tibiae in the male notched, first joint of 
the hindlegs longer than the remaining joints together. Claws bifid. 

The unusual development of the antennae in the males of these 
beetles together with the excised middle tibiae sufficiently differ- 
entiate it from other genera. No female specimen of any of the three 
species has been examined. 

The name Deinocladus is derived from the Greek devés, meaning 
“terrible,” and x\ados, meaning “branch.” 


Deinocladus pectinicornis (Baly) 
Ficure 16 


Diabrotica pectinicornis Baly, Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 25, p. 252, 1889; Trans. 
Ent. Soc. London, p. 15, 1890. 

About 6 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shiny, the elytra 
rather finely but distinctly punctate with faint costae along sides, the 
intervals having a suggestion of geminate striate punctation, pale 
yellow with the head, antennae, except tenth joint, tibiae and tarsi, 
and two wide elytral bands piceous. Antennal joints in male with 
apical spurs on the outside gradually widening, ninth and tenth 
joints long, broad and distorted, terminal joint cylindrical and thin, 
legs long, middle tibiae of male excised; claws bifid. 

Head with interocular space half width of head, entirely dark, 
shiny, finely alutaceous with coarse dense punctures about median 
line and depression on occiput, and a few finer scattered punctures on 
the sides. Frontal tubercles much swollen, lower front with a promi- 
nent carina down it, punctate on either side, lower front only mod- 
erately long, not so long as in many Dviabrotica. Antennae of male 
very irregular, antennae of female unknown. In male the second 
and third joints compressed into short rounded segments, with the 


260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


third the shorter, fourth joint very long with a tooth at apex on out- 
side, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth joints with an increasingly long 
apical spur, ninth joint much thickened, broad and longer and with a 
peculiar constriction or notching at apical end, tenth joint not so 
thick as ninth, with a tooth near the base on the outer side. Terminal 
joint long, thin, and cylindrical. All joints except the tenth, which is 
pale, dark brown and very hairy. Prothorax not twice as broad as 
long, somewhat rectangular, with only slightly curved sides, a blunt 
tooth at each angle, a shallow depression on either side as if the ends 
of a transverse sulcus, surface alutaceous and distinctly punctate, 
pale yellow. Scutellum pale. Elytra widened somewhat towards 
apex, an intrahumeral depression, faintly costate laterally with dis- 
tinct semistriate punctures between the ridges; surface alutaceous, 
pale yellow with two wide piceous bands, the basal one extending to 
the middle, and a broad apical one with a narrow pale yellow band 
between and a pale margin and apex. Body beneath shiny, pale 
brown, not pubescent, abdomen paler; femora pale, tibiae and tarsi 
brown. Anterior coxal cavities open, femora and tibiae long and 
slender, no spine on any of the tibiae, middle tibiae in the male 
excised near the apex. Front tibiae in the male somewhat thickened, 
and the first tarsal joint wide, claws bifid. Length 6 mm. 

Type, male, BMNH from Cauca, Colombia. A second specimen, 
also a male, in the Bowditch collection, from ‘Bolivia.’ 

Remarks: Baly wrote that he had two specimens, both males, one of 
which is in the British Museum, and the other one in the Bowditch 
collection, and these are the only specimens known to the writer. 
The bifid claws, the peculiar antennal formation in the male, the long 
slender legs, and the excised middle tibiae differentiate this from related 
genera. 

Deinocladus carturighti, new species 


Figure 15 


About 5 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, the elytra confusedly 
punctate, the prothorax with a short median transverse sulcus, in the 
male the ninth and tenth antennal joints much enlarged and the middle 
tibiae excised, pale yellow brown with a piceous head and antennae, 
except the tenth and eleventh joints, brown breast and deep brown 
elytra having the margin and apex and a large median spot on each 
elytron pale. 


Head with the interocular space half width of head, occiput shiny, 
smooth, finely punctate and with a median depression over the frontal 
tubercles, carina extending narrowly down the front, entirely piceous. 
Antennae in the male (female unknown) long and irregularly shaped, 
the second and third joints short and compressed, fourth joint long 








GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 261 


with the apex prolonged on one side into a spur, fifth joint shorter and 
also spurred, sixth, seventh and eighth joints gradually thickening and 
wider at apex, ninth much thickened with a longitudinal cavity below, 
tenth also thick and pale, also with a long concavity beneath, eleventh 
joint long, slender and pale, also with the tip dark. Prothorax almost 
rectangular, the sides only slightly rounded, the explanate margin 
visible its entire length from above, a tooth at each angle; median 
transverse sulcus shorter and less pronounced than usual in Neobrotica; 
surface shining, finely punctate. Scutellum bicolored. Elytra with 
prominent humeri and short intrahumeral sulcus, densely and con- 
fusedly punctate, without costae, dark brown with pale margins and 
apex, and pale along the basal margin, a large median roundish pale 
spot on each elytron. Body beneath pale, the femora brownish, 
tibiae and tarsi dark; middle tibiae of male excised; anterior coxal 
cavities open, claws bifid. Length 4.8 mm.; width 2.2 mm. 

Type, male, USNM 66851, collected at Turrialba, Costa Rica, May 
25, 1951, by O. L. Cartwright. 

Remarks: This species is closely allied to D. pectinicornis (Baly). 
The development of the antennal joints in the male is not quite so 
extreme but similar, the excision of the middle tibiae the same, and 
even the general color pattern very similar. 


Deinocladus fascicollis, new species 


FIGURE 13 


About 4 mm. in length. oblong oval, the pronotum with a trans- 
verse sulcus, elytra shallowly and densely punctate, yellow brown with 
a piceous head and antennae, a deep brown band across anterior half 
of pronotum, elytra with a basal and apical piceous fascia, tibiae and 
tarsi, breast and apex of abdomen piceous, in the male the antennal 
joints much enlarged and the middle tibiae excised. 

Head with the interocular space about half width of head, occiput 
rounded without depressions, densely punctate, frontal tubercles well 
marked, a strong carina down lower front, on the sides punctate. 
Antennae in the male (female unknown) long and distorted, second 
and third joints very short, fourth joint as long as the first three 
together, fifth to eighth joints becoming gradually wider with a pro- 
longed outer spur at apex, ninth joint long and much widened, tenth 
a little shorter and not so wide, eleventh long, narrow, all entirely 
dark. Prothorax almost rectangular with slightly curved sides, a 
transverse sulcus, surface distinctly punctate in places, shining yellow 
brown with a broad brown fascia across anterior half not reaching 
the side margins. Scutellum dark. Elytra broad towards apex, 
densely punctate, with a tendency to being striate, humeri with a 
short intrahumeral sulcus, yellow brown with a broad basal and apical 


262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


piceous fascia, not reaching margin or apex. Body beneath pale 
yellow with the breast and last segments of the abdomen piceous, 
anterior coxal cavities open, femora and tibiae slender, middle tibiae 
excised in the male, the femora pale except the hind ones which are 
dark at the apex, tibiae and tarsi dark, without spines, claws bifid. 
Length 4.2 mm.; width 2 mm. 

Type, male, CAS, collected in the valley of the Rio Monzon, 'Tingo 
Maria, Peru, Oct. 9, 1954, by E. I. Schlinger and E. S. Ross. 

Remarks: This is the third species of the genus to be described. 
All three are known only from male specimens. All three have a 
similar yet different striking antennal development in the male, and 
all are with a similar elytral pattern. 





GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 263 





1 Trichobrofica pallidaJacoby) 
(Type Neobrotica pallida) 


2Trichobrotica n igripennis,n.sp 


3. Trichobrotica nymphaea 
spp Flavicollis, n.ssp. 


4\Platymorpha homoia, n.sp, 





(Malacorhinus c. Tee) 


4 Plat ymorpha variegata Jacoby 8.Trichobrotica rhabdoTa, nsp. 2Platymorpha centromaculata Jacoby) Type 


Ficures 1-9.—1, Trichobrotica pallida (Jacoby) (type of Neobrotica pallida); 2, Trichobrotica 
nigripennis, new species; 3, Trichobrotica nymphaea flavicollis, new subspecies; 4, Platymorpha 
homoia, new species; 5, Trichobrotica egensts, new species; 6, Platymorpha ?centromaculata 


(Jacoby), male; 7, Platymorpha variegata Jacoby; 8, Trichobrotica rhabdota, new species; 
9, Platymorpha centromaculata (Jacoby), type. 


264. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 






10.Neotrichota subtilis (Weise) |. Neofrichota subtilis (Weise) 
(Type Phyllobrotica subtilis) (Type Negbrotica achroma Bechyne) 





\4. Trichobrotica fenestrata NSP. 





15. Deinacladus carkwrigh ti, n.sps 


9 
A 


%y 





16 Deimocl adus pectinicornis (Baly) 17. Trichobrotica nigrosignata (Taceby) 18. Orocetes wilcoxi,n.sp. 
(Type Diabrolica pectinicornis) (Type Diabrotica nigrosignata) 


Figures 10-18.—10, Neotrichota subtilis (Weise) (type of Phyllobrotica subtilis); 11, Neo- 
trichota subtilis (Weise) (type of Neobrotica achroma Bechyne); 12, Neotrichota flavipennts, 
new species; 13, Deinocladus fascicollis, new species; 14, Trichobrotica fenestrata, new 
species; 15, Deinocladus cartwrighti, new species; 16, Deinocladus pectinicornis (Baly) 
(type of Diabrotica pectinicornis); 17, Trichobrotica nigrosignata (Jacoby) (type of Dia- 
brotica nigrosignata); 18, Oroetes wilcoxt, new species. 





GALERUCINE BEETLES—BLAKE 265 





19, Luperosoma vittatum,sp. 


20.Luperosoma parvulum Jacoby) 
(Type Luperus por vulus) 
4 - 





22.Devterabrotica bechynei,nomen nov, 23. Trichobrotica analis (Weise) 
(Type Neobrotica lineigera Bechyno) (Type Neobrotica analis) 





25. Deuterobrotica atlanta Bechyne 26 Devterabrotica latifrons (Bechyne) 27 Deuterobrotica amplicornis (Baly) 
(Type Neobrotica latifrons) (Type Diabrofica amplicor nis) 


Ficures 19-27.—19, Luperosoma vittatum, new species; 20, Luperosoma paroulum (Jacoby) 
(type of Luperus paroulus); 21, Luperosoma nigricolle, new species; 22, Deuterobrotica 
bechynei, new name (type of Neobrotica lineigera); 23, Trichobrotica analis (Weise) (type of 
Neobrotica analis); 24, Simopsts neobroticoides, new species; 25, Deuterobrotica atlanta 
(Bechyne); 26, Deuterobrotica latifrons (Bechyne) (type of Neobrotica latifrons); 27, Deu- 
terobrotica amplicornis (Baly) (type of Diabrotica amplicornis). 


266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 






3Q Porechontes limbella (Weise) 
(Ty pe Chthoneis limbella) 


29, Porechontes wilcoxi, n.sp. 





— 


LEX 
5 ya 
Vay 
Nee 
ey 
33. Porechontes albiventris (Blake) 
Cyre Plafymorpha al bi yventrig) 


3].Romanita qamazonica Bechyne 32.Ectmesopus rhabdotus,nsp - 





S4.Type Romanita ornata Bechyne 35. ? Romanita fasciata (Weise) 
(Type Neobvotica fasciata) 

Figures 28-35.—28, Romanita vittata Bechyne; 29, Porechontes wilcoxi, new species; 30, 
Porechontes limbella (Weise) (type of Chthoneis limbella); 31, Romanita amazonica Bechyne; 
32, Ectmesopus rhabdotus, new species; 33, Porechontes albiventris Blake (type of Platy- 
morpha albiventris); 34, Romanita ornata Bechyne, type; 35, Romanita fasciata (Weise) 
(type of Neobrotica fasciata). 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1966 














Proceedings of 


time United States 





National Museum 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ¢ WASHINGTON, D.C. 


Volume 118 1966 Number 3529 


A REVIEW OF THE BEETLES 
OF THE GENUS NEOBROTICA 
AND SOME CLOSELY RELATED GENERA 


By Doris H. BLAKE 


Honorary Research Associate, Department of Entomology 


The genus Neobrotica was first described by Jacoby in the “Biologia 
Centrali-Americana”’ (Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 571, 1887), who listed 
under it 21 species. Only one of these, Diabrotica oberthiiri Baly, 
had been described previously. In the supplement published in 1892, 
Jacoby added three more species from Central America. In 1889 
he published two new species of Neobrotica from South America. 
Weise added three, Bowditch two, and recently Bechyne ten more, all 
from South America. One from the United States (Arizona) was 
described by Fall. A few older species of Olivier and Fabricius have 
also been added to the genus thereby doubling the original number. 

In Schenkling’s ‘‘Coleopterorum catalogus” (1924, pt. 78, p. 103), 
Weise has taken the first species described by Jacoby under Neo- 
brotica—N. variabilis—as the type of the genus, a rather unfortunate 
choice as Jacoby in a later publication assigned to variabilis a South 
American beetle different from the Mexican variabilis. 

In his description of the genus, Jacoby (loc. cit.) gave the following 
generic characters to differentiate Neobrotica from related genera: 

267 


2°68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Neobrotica has entirely the appearance and in many instances the elytral 
pattern of Diabrotica. It might be easily mistaken for that genus unless the 
claws are examined, these being appendiculate in Neobrotica (instead of 
bifid as in Diabrotica) ; with this character a deeply sulcate thorax is generally 
combined. Several species described here offer a striking instance of so-called 
“mimicry” in regard to colour and markings of the elytra (and indeed of the 
antennae also), and in this respect agree in every particular with some forms 
of Diabrotica. As I have in several cases both sexes before me, there can be 
no question of sexual differences in regard to the structure of the claws, etc. 
The genus will no doubt include some species at present referred to Diabrotica 
and Cerotoma. 


It is inevitable that some of the species under Jacoby’s rather broad 
and general classification of a transversely sulcate prothorax, appen- 
diculate claws, and open anterior coxal cavities should not be very 
close to the genotype as typified by N. variabilis. In a previous 
paper (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1958, vol. 108, no. 3395, pp. 59-102) 
I have shown that N. sexplagiata and N. ruatinae belong with the 
Galerucine beetles that have excised middle tibiae in the male. 
Others, the types of which I had not seen at that time, notably 
N. pallida Jacoby and N. analis Weise, also belong in the excised 
middle tibiae group. And there are still other species of Jacoby’s 
that do not easily fit into the genus and belong elsewhere, although 
it is true that they fulfill the generic requirements as stated by Jacoby. 
None of the species described by Weise are in Neobrotica, and two of 
Bechyne’s, N. latifrons and N. lineigera, belong to Deuterobrotica, a 
genus that Bechyne himself described. 


In Neobrotica, as I am restricting the genus, the antennae are 
always filiform; the third joint is almost as long as the fourth, never 
longer, and not different in the sexes; the front of the head is not 
hollowed out but with a carina more or less distinct down the front. 
The frontal tubercles are distinct and usually with a median depression 
above them. The prothorax has an explanate margin usually ob- 
scured from view anteriorly when viewed from above; the disc has 
a transverse sulcus curving across the basal half; the elytra usually 
have traces of costae, in some groups more developed than in others 
and occasionally there is no sign of costation. The punctation tends 
to be feebly striate in the more costate species. The anterior coxal 
cavities are open and the claws appendiculate. The legs are moder- 
ately long; in the male the front tibiae are frequently stout and the 
first tarsal joint of the front feet is somewhat enlarged, but not so 
dilated as in some species of Cerotoma. ‘The first joint of the hind 
tarsus is very long. The aedeagus is not a distinguishing factor in 
separating the species, as it varies little. 


In markings, the head is most frequently dark at least over the 
occiput; the pronotum is almost always without dark markings; the 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 269 


elytral pattern in many species is similar and consists of a dark spot 
more or less lengthened over the humerus; a dark area about the 
scutellum extending along the suture a little way and often connecting 
with a transverse median spot or circle of spots, and these dark 
markings may connect with the lateral dark mark from the humerus; 
after the middle there is often a lunate mark which may be separated 
into two spots near the apex. ‘There is a group of species with short 
vittate markings along the side, down the middle of the elytra and 
along the suture. There are many variations in this basic pattern. 
A few species are entirely pale without any markings. One group of 
rather large pale species has elytral spots varying from two to twelve in 
number. Another group of pale species with distinct costae often has 
numerous small spots, usually placed in the typical pattern. The 
body beneath is usually pale with the breast often dark. Neobrotica 
variabilis is typical of the genus in its markings. 

In the Bowditch collection of Neobrotica at the Museum of Compara- 
tive Zoology are a number of beetles to which Bowditch has attached 
manuscript names as new species of Neobrotica, evidently planning to 
describe them at a future date. The majority of these belong in a 
group closely related to Neobrotica but for which I believe a genus 
should be erected. They possess many characters common to both 
Neobrotica and Eucerotoma. They have the transverse sulcus across 
the prothorax, the appendiculate claws and the open anterior coxal 
cavities, which are common to both Neobrotica and Eucerotoma (in 
Eucerotoma the coxal cavities are not so widely open); but unlike 
N. variabilis, have strongly costate elytra, almost as strong as in 
Eucerotoma. Yet unlike Eucerotoma they do not have the excavated 
face and excavated antennal joints in the male; however, the lower 
front of the head goes a step towards the excavate face of Hucerotoma 
in being bent inwards and is without the carina down the lower front 
that is found in Neobrotica. It is true that in most species of Neobro- 
tica there are more or less evident traces of costation, but not to the 
degree of these beetles, which in turn are not so strongly costate as in 
Eucerotoma. Like Eucerotoma they occur mostly in the Andes, but a 
few are from other parts of South America. 

There is yet another group strongly suggestive of the genus Cero- 
toma, of which N. denticornis Jacoby is representative. Jacoby gave 
it its specific name because the third and fourth antennal joints in the 
male are cut out in a manner similar to that found in Cerotoma. 
These differ from species of Cerotoma in having the anterior coxal 
cavities open and they have a transverse sulcus across the prothorax. 
N. denticornis is only one of a fairly large group possessing these 
characteristics, that occurs in both Central and South America. 
Besides having the cut-out antennae, the front of the head is also 


270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


excavate in a manner similar to that found in the males of both 
Eucerotoma and Cerotoma. They differ from Eucerotoma in not 
having such costate elytra and in the long third antennal joint of the 
female. When compared with N. variabilis, however, they appear 
widely apart and far from being congeneric, and should be put in a 
separate genus. 

Jacoby had only the female of the species that he named Neobrotica 
vittatipennis. Otherwise he would not have included that very 
different beetle in Neobrotica. It is unlike any that I know and 
deserves a generic place. 

I have taken the opportunity here also to dispose of Galeruca 
furcata Olivier, a species that has been assigned to various genera 
from Cerotoma to Neobrotica, and recently placed by Bechyne in a 
genus he himself described as Metrobrotica. By Bechyne’s definition 
of Metrobrotica “‘the third and fourth antennal joints of the male are 
of a very complicated build’, which generic differentiation applies to 
his genotype Cerotoma geometrica Erichson but does not fit Galeruca 
furcata in which the antennae of both sexes are filiform. 

Bechyne has transferred another species, Neobrotica brasiliensis 
Bowditch, from Neobrotica to Andrector. I have examined a female 
specimen he determined as N. brasiliensis, in the Frey Museum, 
and it is misidentified. As far as I know there is only one specimen 
of N. brasiliensis known—the type in the Museum of Comparative 
Zoology—and this is a female. There are two other species related 
to it, all three densely and quite coarsely punctate, all three with a 
broader prothorax than usual for Neobrotica, and all with closed 
anterior coxal cavities, but otherwise resembling Neobrotica. The 
antennae are like those found in Neobrotica, having the third joint 
no longer than the fourth, and the remaining joints gradually shorter. 
All three species are from the Amazon region. For these I am 
erecting the genus Potamobrotica. 

Growing out of the study of this genus, Neobrotica, and its closely 
related genera, a second paper has been prepared to deal with some 
of the species that have been in the past relegated to Neobrotica, but 
having excised middle tibiae in the male. In this paper are treated 
such species as Neobrotica pallida Jacoby, N. achroma Bechyne, 
N. analis Weise, N. latifrons Bechyne and N. lineigera Bechyne. 
It is being published as ‘“More New Galerucine Beetles with Excised 
Middle Tibiae in the Male” (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1966, vol. 
118, no. 3528, pp. 233-266). 

I wish to acknowledge the help I have had financially from the 
National Science Foundation in enabling me to visit museums in Europe 
and South America, both to study type specimens and to see and 
collect more material. The British Museum (Natural History) 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 271 


(BMNH) and various museums in the United States have loaned me 
material, notably the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), the 
American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), and the California 
Academy of Sciences (CAS). John A. Wilcox of the New York State 
Museum has given freely his help in the classification of these difficult 
galerucine beetles. Gerhard Scherer has made notes and drawings 
of Bechyne’s types in the Frey Museum collection at Tutzing, 
Germany. 


Key to the Genera of Galerucinae Here Treated 


1. Head of male unlike that of female, with the front deeply excavated or with 
amedian hole. .... Diiseds ataeioeehiok vous PAloar el MCCmA ig noe ae cs 
Head of male similar to cunt 6 fornles. Boe ene ae ee Cer eh ue me kL 

2. Head of male with a small median hole over labrum. 
Cyclotrypema, new genus (p. 354) 


Head of male more or less deeply excavate or concave infront ..... 3 

3. Third antennal joint of female usually longer than the fourth, rarely equal to 
it and never shorter .. . . .. . . Eccoptopsis, new genus (p. 339) 
Third antennal joint of female ered to or shorter than fourth ..... 4 

4. Male antenna with third joint only much widened and irregularly excised 
in middle, notatend ... . . . . . Rachicephala, new genus (p. 354) 

Male antenna with third and fourth joints widened and excised at adjoining 
CMOS i a ch alias 5 arr ees: . . . . . Eucerotoma 

5. Anterior coxal eae picsed pn Pofamubratlen new genus (p. 351) 
Anterior coxal cavities open .. . sae ee GO 

6. Front of face with well-developed nee ie fal caste isually, fant developed. 
Neobrotica 

Front of face depressed with carina not much in evidence, elytral costation 
Brauer ce ee kf se et. so ~ystiopsis, new genus (p, 324) 


Key to North and Central American Species of Neobrotica 


1. Elytra entirely pale or at most with faint humeral darkening 2 
Elytra not entirely pale . 5 

2. Head dark 3 
Head pale . ae i celle a og et i a Set celal eee RS een a eee Ae 

3. Elytra strongly eorinte as supe © i a eta a= pallescens: Jacoby, (p. (269) 
Elytra weakly costate ......... .. . modesta Jacoby (p. 292) 

4. Elytra strongly costate ....... . . . semicostata Jacoby (p. 296) 
Elytra weakly costate. ... . a ee aia Jacoby (p. 297) 

5. Head pale with a median Boeiorial So e kat weY is PER AYE Ot ee eG 
Head either pale or dark but without occipital jet ie ae feet tee 

6. Elytra with lateral vittate marking and two short median vittae on each 
GiAnROMNS G 5 oS . . . . Spilocephala, new species (p. 287) 


Elytra without ical milfate Paeire and with six spots on each elytron. 
oblongo punctata Jacoby (p. 308) 
7. Elytra with a basal and apical, sometimes median, fascia. ..... 8 
Elytra with spots, sometimes lunate, or vittate markings. ...... 14 
8. Basal fascia extending below middle of elytra. 
cartwrightii, new species (p. 281) 
Basal fascia not extending below middle of elytra. . ........ 9 


272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


9. Elytra with two fasciae.... i) dij) OES Res LO 
Elytra with three more or less distinct: fancine pe ee vast 5 eSreeeeli2 
10; Elytral faseciae piceous ..:. .. . =; piceofasciata, new species (p. 280) 
Elytral fasciae bluish or violaceous. ... . ss ja ete ee 
if Hlytra strongly costat@ic..: 0%. 40.05 6 6 Penne new species (p. 281) 
Elytra weakly costate. ... . . . coeruleofasciata Jacoby (p. 278) 
12. Basal fascia not connected with fedian fascia . simulans Jacoby (p. 290) 
Basal fascia more or less connected with median .......... 18 


13. Median fascia not connected with apical fascia. 
hondurensis Jacoby (p. 290) 
Median fascia connected along side and suture with apical fascia. 
pterota, new species (p. 291) 


14. Elytra with a lateral vitta from humerus to apical curve. ..... . 15 
Elytra with a humeral spot or short vitta not coe to apical curve or 
dark area in middle of elytra. . . . se ume MeL 

Loe PELCACpBle™y 0 sean. ik os wen) yan ce ce duodecimsignata, new iapecies (p. 286) 
Heagdidark-.) 2. cs. 2 Say cats: be s/he LO 

16. A median vitta, pomenmes interrupted . oie oberthiiri (Baly) (p. 284) 
No median vitta. . .. . . . . melanocephala Jacoby (p. 287) 

17. Elytra with a dark Bacall Ane more or less unbroken, enclosing a pale 
BTCA ces, vor) s si a, ne Whe’ Loi plas ely Seeger 
Elytra with paca eyote or ittate Tenge Fa ans aol eee 

18. Elytra very strongly and coarsely punctate . pane tatigaume J Evans (p. 288) 
Elytra not so coarsely punctate... . se ene RL 

19. Elytra dark with a basal round pale area ane an Sosieel noundod pale area 
open at apex. . . . . . quadriplagiata Jacoby (p. 289) 
Elytra pale with a more or ieee, coniplete dark oe as well as basal 
TING; . . eh aoe eee) 

20. Basal ring one jennie apical: fine horpieres Se say Ae panera J Jacoby (p. 277) 
Basal and apical ring not usually complete. ..... <n eee 

21, | Legs pale: i. %s, 56 . . . . . noumenia, new species (p. 276) 
Legs with tibiae and ei dance . 2... . . Variabilis Jacoby (p. 273) 

22. ' Hlytratwith basal vittaevc 34s. encsypsth cea Fer Gos) eagethe ie Va ee 
Elytra with basal spots .... siltet Men reMantt 

23. Elytra with 3 short basal vittae joined across ‘pase one ° down the side, one 
at middle and another at suture. . . . . dentata, new species (p. 277) 

Elytra with a short basal and sutural or subsutural vitta. . .... . 24 


24. Elytra with a short lateral and short subsutural basal vitta. 
linigera Jacoby (p. 285) 


Elytra with a short lateral and a short sutural basal vitta . ... . . 25 
25. Elytra with a spot at apical curve. . . . . trichops, new species (p. 283) 
Elytra with a short vitta at apical curve. . . ps oemaseeO 


26. Large, a large median apical spot and a short iteeal eral a 
imitans Jacoby (p. 274) 

Small, a small median apical spot and a long lateral apical vitta. 
coeruleolineata Jacoby (p. 282) 


Didar SLCAG GST oh). Go eine RaW ety othe e Nag yeu Ria ieati We ha ee ee rs 
ieadpale’ ss 242° ; cove Seige aeER aS 

28. Large, 7 mm. each alniron with hase See sate ee somite the dark 
scutellum) ... . . . . septemmaculata, new species (p. 298) 


Small, 5 mm, Sack alviran with 5 small spots (not counting the dark 
scutellum) ........... . . undecimmaculata Jacoby (p. 275) 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 273 


29. Each elytron with 4 spots (not counting dark scutellum). 
pentaspilota, new species (p. 299) 


Each elytron with more than 4 spots . . Statics) spl OO 
30. Each elytron with 5 spots (not including ake cacennany! Si ashore oe L 
Each elytron with 6 spots or more .. . . 33 


31. A large spot in middle near base and a eal a alan Teneeal ae 
decimsignata, new species (p. 297) 


No large median spot near base or small spot below humeral spot . . . 32 
32. Large, claws with a long inner tooth. . quinquepunctata (Jacoby) (p. 300) 
Smaller, claws without inner tooth. . . . . schausi, new species (p. 27 5) 
SP achicly trom with Grspotds!s (cas hs sl Ol) Sala a Pe es SE 
Each elytron with 7spots ...... sal sabe Me sata8 Sete dee de Boe 35 
34. Strongly costate. ........... . sexmaculata Jacoby (p. 293) 
Feebly costate. ... . . .. . . tampicensis, new species (p. 295) 
35. Elytral punctures patie . . . matamorasensis, new species (p. 294) 
Elytral punctures not contiguous... .. . . . pluristicta Fall (p. 294) 


Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby 
Figures 1, 2 


Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Americana, 
Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 572, 1887; Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 286, 1889. 
[Not variabilis.] 

About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, somewhat shining, the 
elytra indistinctly alutaceous and semistriately punctate between the 
faint costae; pale yellow brown with the head piceous, the lower front 
of head brownish, antennae with the intermediate joints faintly brown- 
ish, elytra with piceous markings about the scutellum, on humeri, and 
along side, curving about towards the suture, and a narrow, somewhat 
curved apical band. 

Head with the interocular space approximately half width of head, 
occiput piceous, the front reddish brown. Antennae pale with joints 
five to eight brownish and the tip of the terminal joint dark. Pro- 
thorax with rounded sides and well defined transverse sulcus, finely 
and not densely punctate, pale yellowish brown. Scutellum brownish. 
Elytra wider in apical half, indistinctly alutaceous, the punctation 
tending to be striate between the feebly marked costae. In the type, 
a piceous marking from humerus down along side about one-third the 
length of the elytra, then curving across to the suture and nearly 
meeting a scutellar dark marking that extends shortly down the suture; 
in the apical half a somewhat curved piceous marking. In the 
variety, the markings in basal half of the elytra are broken up into a 
humeral dark spot, a dark area about the scutellum, and two spots 
across the elytron before the middle, and in the apical half arather broad 
semilunate dark marking. Body beneath with the breast dark, rest 
of the undersurface pale, legs pale, with outside of tibiae brownish in 
the type, and in the variety the tibiae and tarsi dark. Length of type 
7 mm., width 3.5 mm. 


274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Type, female, BMNH; type of variety, female, Bowditch collection, 
MCZ,; both collected by Hége in Jalapa, Mexico. 

Remarks: The two specimens from Jalapa, Mexico, one of which 
Jacoby named a variety, are probably the same species. But Jacoby 
in 1889 described briefly two specimens collected at Corozal, Vene- 
zuela, that he stated agreed in every way with the Mexican specimens 
except in the color of the legs and antennae, which were entirely pale in 
the Venezuelan specimens. The writer has examined one of these 
Venezuelan specimens that is in the Bowditch collection (MCZ) and 
believes it different and is describing it as a new species. Weise has se- 
lected Neobrotica variabilis as the type of the genus. 


Neobrotica imitans Jacoby 
Figure 9 
Neobrotica imitans Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Americana, 
Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 573, 1887. 

Between 5.5 and 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, 
faintly alutaceous; body pale yellow brown, the antennae and legs 
entirely pale, the head, breast and spots on the elytra piceous. 

Head with the interocular space less than half width of the head, 
shining piceous, the occiput with faint punctures and a median de- 
pressed spot above the frontal tubercles, a short carina down lower 
front. Antennae entirely pale. Prothorax not twice as wide as long, 
with rounded sides and a transverse sulcus, very finely punctate, 
faintly alutaceous, pale yellow brown. Scutellum deep brown. 
Elytra widened in apical half, rather densely, coarsely and shallowly 
punctate, the punctures tending to be striate, very faint traces of 
costae; pale yellow brown with a Jong inwardly curving black vitta 
from humerus about one-fourth the way down elytra; another vitta 
from about scutellum down the suture a short way, a triangular spot 
near these in the middle and before the apex a median and a lateral 
spot. Body beneath and legs pale with the breast dark. Length 
5.5-7 mm.; width 2.7-3.5 mm. 

Type, male; one female paratype; both BMNH;; one female para- 
type, MCZ,; all from Costa Rica, collected by Van Patten. 

Other localities: Coronado, Costa Rica, 1400 m., 1932, collected by 
Nevermann. 

Remarks: The three specimens of the series collected in Costa Rica 
by Van Patten are all very much alike. A specimen from the Baly 
collection without a legible locality is in the British Museum. As 
Jacoby writes, this species strongly resembles Diabrotica novemmaculata 
Jacoby in its elytral pattern. 





NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 275 


Neobrotica undecimmaculata Jacoby 


FIGURE 6 


Neobrotica undecimmaculata Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 575, 1887. 

Between 5 and 6 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, faintly shining, 
alutaceous, the elytra finely and not densely punctate, head on top, 
tibiae, tarsi, and breast piceous, elytra with reddish brown to piceous 
spots on the humeri, two transversely across elytron before the middle 
and two after the middle. 

Head with the interocular space about half the width of the head, 
occiput shiny piceous, very minutely punctate, a median depression 
above the well-marked frontal tubercles, carina down front, lower 
front to labrum which is dark, pale reddish brown. Antennae with 
the three basal and three apical joints pale, the rest dark brown. 
Prothorax not twice as broad as long with a transverse sulcus most 
marked at the sides; sides nearly straight, surface finely punctate, 
pale. Scutellum either reddish brown or piceous. Elytra finely 
alutaceous and unusually finely punctate, with two or three feeble 
lateral costae, pale with reddish brown to piceous markings, the spots 
small and located as above; on the British Museum specimen a dark 
area about the scutellum and extending a little way down the suture, 
the specimen in the Bowditch collection without this. Body beneath 
pale with the breast dark; tibiae and tarsi dark, femora pale. Length 
5.7 mm.; width 2.9 mm. 

Type, male, MCZ; one female paratype, BMNH;; both from Jalapa, 
Mexico, collected by Hége. 

Other locality: Xilitla, Mexico, Dreisbach, July 23, 1954, Monrés 
collection, USNM. 

Remarks: The dark head and unusually fine punctation of the 
elytra distinguish this species from many others with similar markings. 


Neobrotica schausi, new species 
Figure 5 


About 6.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, faintly shining and 
faintly alutaceous, the elytra with costae most marked in the middle of 
the elytra, finely punctate; pale yellow brown, somewhat deeper in 
color over the occiput but not at all piceous, the elytra with small 
reddish-brown humeral spot, two small spots before and two after the 
middle of each elytron, body beneath entirely pale. 

Head with interocular space less than half width of head, a small 
median depression over the well-marked frontal tubercles and a short 
carina down the short lower front, occiput of head a shade deeper in 
color than the lower front but not at all piceous. Antennae with the 


276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


terminal joints missing, the basal joints a little paler than the reddish 
brown outer joints, third and fourth joints subequal. Prothorax with 
a transverse sulcus, surface alutaceous, finely punctate. Scutellum 
deeper reddish brown. Elytra with distinct costae, more marked 
from the middle to the side, punctation fine and confused; surface alu- 
taceous; elytra pale yellow brown, each with five small reddish-brown 
spots, one on the humerus, one below on the side before the middle 
and the second lateral one near the apical curve, opposite this and 
near the suture two other spots. Body beneath entirely pale, the 
tibiae and tarsi a deeper reddish brown, front tibiae and first tarsal 
joint of male enlarged. Length 6.5 mm.; width 3.2 mm. 

Type, male, AMNH, from Jalapa, Mexico, collected by W. Schaus. 

Remarks: Possibly some specimens have a piceous head and piceous 
elytral spots, but the single male known appears to be a mature speci- 
men and differs from N. undecimmaculata Jacoby in having a pale head 
and breast and a narrower interocular space. Both are from Jalapa, 
Mexico. 

Neobrotica noumenia, new species 


FIGURE 3 


Between 6.5 and 7.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, moderately 
shiny although feebly alutaceous, the elytra strongly and densely 
punctate, and feebly costate; pale yellow with dark upper half of head 
and dark mouthparts, entirely pale legs and antennae and brown 
breast, elytra with a dark humeral spot and narrow transverse fascia 
below, a narrow dark sutural line a little below scutellum, and a slender 
semilunate dark mark near apex, these dark markings sometimes with 
a purplish lustre. 

Head with interocular space less than half width of head, shiny 
piceous over occiput, pale in lower front with the mouthparts dark, 
very finely punctate, the frontal tubercles distinct and a median 
depression above them, a narrow carina down lower front. Antennae 
entirely pale yellow. Prothorax only a little wider than long with 
slightly rounded sides and a transverse sulcus, very finely alutaceous, 
entirely pale yellow. Scutellum tan colored. Elytra with costate 
wrinkling, densely and distinctly punctate and with a tendency to being 
geminate striate punctate, faintly alutaceous;a piceous or deep purplish 
marking on humerus, a transverse fascia not quite across the elytron, 
interrupted at the suture, and a short narrow sutural vitta, also a 
narrow semilunate mark near apex. Body beneath entirely pale 
except brownish breast, legs pale, a spine on middle and hind tibiae. 
Length 6.7-7.5 mm.; width 3.3-3.7 mm. 

Type, female, MCZ 30665; one female paratype, USNM; both 
from Cuernavaca, Mexico. One specimen from Cuernavaca, Aug. 30, 
1944, on Hupatorium adenophorum, collected by N.L.H. Krauss. 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 277 


Other localities: Escuintia, Guatemala, F. Knab, collector. 

Remarks: On one of the specimens is an old label, Diabrotica 
biannwaris Harold, a species that it strongly resembles in its elytral 
markings. There are three specimens, all females, in the MCZ with 
no locality label. They all have delicate narrow dark markings. 
The faint purple lustre of some is suggestive of N. coeruleolineata 
Jacoby, but I have not seen specimens of N. nowmenia with a long 
stripe from the shoulder. 


Neobrotica dentata, new species 


FIGURE 7 


About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the elytra 
faintly alutaceous and distinctly and somewhat striately punctate, 
with faint lateral costae; pale yellow brown, the head entirely piceous 
and the elytra with wide dark humeral, median and sutural vittae 
united at the base and not extending to the middle of the elytra, a 
wide dark lunate mark at apex, sometimes divided into two spots, 
the legs, antennae and undersurface except the dark breast, pale. 

Head with interocular space less than half the width of head, occiput 
finely punctate, a depression above the frontal tubercles and a narrow 
carina down front; entirely piceous. Antennae entirely pale yellow 
brown. Prothorax about a third wider than long with rounded sides, 
finely punctate, a transverse sulcus and shining pale yellow brown. 
Scutellum dark brown. Elytra shining although faintly alutaceous, 
distinctly and somewhat geminately striate punctate, some traces of 
lateral costae, pale yellow with a dark marking having a faint bluish 
lustre, a broad darkening in basal fourth of elytra with very narrow 
pale inlets in middle and at suture in lower part, and a wide semi- 
circular mark opening at the apical end and at apex. Body beneath 
and legs entirely pale except for the black breast. Length 6.5-7.2 
mm.; width 2.7-3.5 mm. 

Type, female, USNM 66845, from San José, Costa Rica, collected 
by J. F. Tristan. Specimens also from San José, 1000-1200 m., 
collected by F. Nevermann, and by M. Valerio, Sept. 17, 1930, on 
Chamaedorea. 

Remarks: The unusual elytral markings of this species differentiate 
it from the others. It was collected at San José, Costa Rica, by 
three different collectors. The specimen collected by M. Valerio is 
in the MCZ. 

Neobrotica ornata Jacoby 
FIGURES 23, 24 


Neobrotica ornata Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Americana, 
Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 572, 1887. 


From 5 to 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, feebly shining, 


278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


alutaceous, the elytra with three or four faintly marked short costae, 
head dark with the front paler, antennae with the intermediate joints 
darker; legs, pronotum and body beneath, except the breast, pale; 
elytra with a dark basal ring and a dark apical one, the middle of the 
ring being pale, apical ring sometimes not complete. 

Head with interocular space a little less than half width of head, 
frontal tubercles well marked, a median depression above, occiput 
finely punctate, a narrow carina running down the front, the top of 
the head piceous, lower front deep reddish brown, sometimes even 
pale yellow, with the mouthparts dark. Antennae pale at base and 
apex, joints five to eight usually deeper brown. Prothorax some- 
what wider than long with slightly curved sides and a transverse 
depression, alutaceous and very finely punctate, entirely pale yellow. 
Scutellum pale or reddish brown. Elytra with feeble costae, aluta- 
ceous and rather coarsely punctate, entirely pale yellow with a large 
basal and apical ring that is sometimes slightly purplish, the apical 
ring occasionally not complete on the apical side towards suture. 
Body beneath pale with the breast dark, legs pale, hind tibiae with 
spine, anterior coxal cavities open, claws appendiculate. Length 
5-7 mm.; width 2.5-3.5 mm. 

Type, BMNH; three paratypes, MCZ; all from Tapachula in 
Chiapas, Mexico. 

Other localities: Tuxtla, Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico, collected by 
Sallé, H. H. Smith, and Hége; Cordova, Vera Cruz, Mexico, collected 
by Hoge, A. Fenyes, and F. Knab; Rio Antonio, Oaxaca, Mexico, 
F. Knab, collector. Escuintla, Guatemala, and Izalco, Salvador, both 
collections by F. Knab. Turrialba, Costa Rica, O. L. Cartwright, 
collector, June 1951. Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, S. W. 
Frost, collector; El Valle, Canal Zone, N. L. H. Krauss, collector; 
Porto Bello, Canal Zone, Busck, Jennings, collectors. 

Remarks: Jacoby wrote that this species resembles Diabrotica biannu- 
laris Harold in its elytral markings. In one specimen from Teapa, 
Mexico, he wrote that the rings were connected along the side by a 
dark line. I have examined one specimen marked like this which 
bears solely the locality label ‘“Mexico” and is a female, now in the 
Bowditch collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 


Neobrotica coeruleofasciata Jacoby 
Fiaures 19, 20 


Neobrotica coeruleofasciata Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 575, 1887. 
About 5.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the elytral 
punctation strong and semistriate, faint traces of costae along the sides, 
pale yellow, the head entirely dark, the breast piceous, antennal joints 





NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 279 


five to eight deeper in coloring; elytra with a wide blue fascia at the 
base and another large roundish area near the apex which is excavate 
at the apical end. 

Head with the interocular space less than half width of head, 
occiput shining, impunctate, carina narrow, not much elevated, with 
punctures on the lower front, and a depression above the frontal 
tubercles. Antennae pale yellow with joints five to eight deeper 
brewn. Prothorax with the sides only slightly rounded, a sulcus 
across, alutaceous and finely punctate, pale yellow. Scutellum dark. 
Elytra with a wide dark blue basal fascia and a large rounded spot 
below the middle on each elytron joined at the suture; punctation 
dense and semistriate, with faint costae. Body beneath pale except 
for the dark piceous breast, legs entirely pale. Length 5.7 mm.; 
width 2.8 mm. 

Type, male, BMNH; one paratype; both from Caldera, Panama, 
collected by Champion; two others from the Volcan de Chiriqui, also 
collected by Champion. 

Remarks: In the British Museum are four specimens, two from 
Caldera, two from the Volcan de Chiriqui, that are of the same species. 
Jacoby listed under JN. coeruleofasciata other specimens from Bugaba 
and Tolé that are not the same. He appeared doubtful about these 
as he noted that the space between the eyes was different. These are 
described under NV. confusa and N. piceofasciata. 

There are several specimens from Costa Rica that may be of this 
species also, although the markings are somewhat different in two of 
the three. In the Bowditch collection is a specimen from San Carlos, 
Costa Rica, collected by Schild and Burgdorf and also one in the U.S. 
National Museum of the same label, and another from Bataan, Costa 
Rica, collected by M. Stelzer; one of the San Carlos specimens and the 
Bataan specimen have only the outer half of the elytron covered with 
a dark violaceous spot. Otherwise these appear to be like Jacoby’s 
coeruleofasciata. 

Neobrotica confusa, new species 


Figure 21 


Neobrotica coeruleofasciata Jacoby (in part), in Godman and Salvin, Biologia 
Centrali-Americana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 575, 1887. 

About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, moderately shiny 
although alutaceous, elytra with numerous feeble costae, distinctly 
and irregularly striate punctate, head and breast dark, antennae, 
pronotum, legs and rest of undersurface yellow; the elytra yellow 
with a broad dark basal fascia having metallic blue or green lustre 
and sometimes enclosing a small pale spot; another broad fascia near 
the apex that is sometimes lunate; sometimes these fasciae represented 
only by a lunate basal and apical marking. 


280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


Head with the interocular space nearly half the width of head, 
frontal tubercles distinctly marked and with a median depression 
above them, a distinct carina down the lower front, the occiput finely 
punctate, entirely shining piceous. Antennae pale. Prothorax some- 
what wider than long with a transverse sulcus, very finely punctate 
and finely alutaceous, entirely pale. Scutellum dark. Elytra strongly, 
densely and semistriately punctate and feebly costate, a broad dark 
basal fascia with a metallic green lustre extending one-third the length 
of the elytra and enclosing a small round pale spot in the middle, and 
at the apex another roundish dark fascia with the apex hollowed out 
as if the opening of an apical ring. Body beneath pale, except the 
breast, legs pale. Length 6-8 mm.; width 3.1-3.8 mm. 

Type, ?female, MCZ 30668, from Bugaba, Panama, collected by 
Champion. 

Other localities: Porto Bello, Canal Zone, A. Busck, E. A. Schwarz, 
collectors; Ancon, Canal Zone, A. H. Jennings, collector; El Valle, 
Canal Zone, N.L.H. Krauss, collector; Cabima, Canal Zone, A. Busck, 
collector; Muso, Colombia. 


Remarks: Jacoby noted that there was a difference in the interocular 
space between some of the specimens that he had assigned to the 
species N. coeruleofasciata, the two from Bugaba having a wider 
interocular space as well as somewhat different elytral markings. 
There are other specimens in the U.S. National Museum from the 
Canal Zone and one from Colombia that resemble the Bugaba speci- 
mens. They are in general a little larger than N. coeruleofasciata. 


Neobrotica piceofasciata, new species 
FIGURE 27 


Neobrotica coeruleofasciata Jacoby (in part), 77 Godman and Salvin, Biologia 
Centrali-Americana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 575, 1887. 


About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the elytra 
rather coarsely punctate, head dark, thorax pale, elytra pale with a 
wide piceous basal band and another below the middle; antennae, 
legs and undersurface except the dark breast, pale. 


Head with the interocular space less than half the width of head, 
occiput polished, finely punctate, tubercles distinctly outlined, a small 
depression above them; the carina distinct, with punctures on either 
side, head entirely piceous. Antennae pale yellow brown, the terminal 
joint tipped with piceous. Prothorax with the sides nearly straight, 
not deeply sulcate across, shining, finely punctate, pale yellow. 
Scutellum dark. Elytra with distinct short intrahumeral sulcus; 
punctures strong, tending to be geminate, pale yellow with a broad 
basal piceous fascia and another below the middle, the apex pale. 





NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 981 


Body beneath pale with the breast dark, legs entirely pale. Length 
7 mm.; width 3.5 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH, from Tolé, Panama, collected by Champion. 

Remarks: This is one of the specimens under N. coeruleofasciata 
Jacoby in the British Museum collection. N. piceofasciata is, how- 
ever, a distinct species, differing from coeruleofasciata in several points: 
the space between the eyes is less, the antennae are shorter and en- 
tirely pale, except for the tip, in contrast to the bicolored ones of 
coeruleofasciata. In addition, the elytral markings are piceous, 
without metallic lustre, and the beetle is larger and without costae. 
The apical spot on the elytra is not at all emarginate at the lower end. 


Neobrotica zonata, new species 


Fiagurp 22 


About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the elytra 
distinctly but not deeply costate, the interspaces with geminate 
striate punctation; pale yellow with a piceous head, and the elytra 
with a wide deep blue basal fascia having in the middle of each 
elytron a small pale spot, and a curved dark blue fascia before the 
apex, the antennae, legs and undersurface except the piceous breast, 
pale. 

Head with interocular space about half width of head, occiput 
smooth, shining, a median depression over the frontal tubercles and a 
fovea on either side, a narrow carina down lower front, head shining 
black. Antennae with only eight joints, the rest missing, pale yellow 
brown. Prothorax not quite twice as broad as long with rounded 
sides, a distinct transverse sulcus, surface with a few fine punctures, 
faintly alutaceous, pale yellow, shining. Scutellum pale. Elytra 
wider in apical half, strongly but not deeply costate, the costae not 
much raised but smooth and broad, the interstices with rather coarse 
geminate striate punctures, surface finely alutaceous but shining; 
markings of deep violet blue, a basal fascia with a pale spot in the 
middle and an apical one, somewhat curved, near the apical end, 
apex pale. Body beneath and the neck of the head pale, but the 
breast shining piceous, legs entirely pale. Length 7mm.; width 3 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH, from Guatemala. 

Remarks: Jacoby has attached a label to this “?ornata’. It is 
with markings and coloration somewhat similar to N. ornata, but the 
elytra are more costate. 


Neobrotica cartwrighti, new species 
Fiaure 25 


About 7.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the elytra 
distinctly but not strongly costate with the intervals densely geminate 


282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


striate punctate; yellow with a black head and breast, brown tibiae and 
tarsi, the elytra with a wide dark blue fascia in the basal half and 
another narrower one in the apical half, the intervening pale fascia 
narrow, the apex and margin pale. 

Head with the interocular space approximately half width of head, a 
median depression above, frontal tubercles distinct, and a narrow 
carina down the lower front, occiput smoothly rounded, shining, very 
finely punctate, entire head black. Antennae with the basal and 
apical four joints pale. Prothorax wider than long with slightly 
rounded sides and a transverse sulcus, polished, a few very fine 
punctures, yellowish brown. Scutellum tan colored. Elytra shining, 
although faintly alutaceous, with strong geminate striate punctation 
between the rather feeble costae; a broad steel blue fascia covering 
basal half of elytra, then a narrow pale yellow fascia and in the apical 
half another narrower dark blue fascia, the apex and margin pale. 
Body beneath very lightly pubescent, pale yellow with the breast 
dark, the femora pale, the tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Length 7.4 
mm.; width 3.6 mm. 

Type, female, USNM 66847; one female paratype; both from 
Turrialba, Costa Rica, May 28 and June 5, 1951, respectively, 
collected by O. L. Cartwright. 

Remarks: The large size and the dark blue fasciae on the elytra 
readily distinguish this species. I take pleasure in naming it after its 
collector. 


Neobrotica coeruleolineata Jacoby 


FIGurE 8 


Neobrotica coeruleolineata Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt, 1, p. 753, 1887. 


Between 5 and 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, feebly shining, 
alutaceous, the elytra strongly, densely and semistriately punctate 
between the feeble elytral costae, head tending to be dark on occiput, 
sometimes entirely dark, intermediate joints of the antennae dark, 
prothorax, legs, body beneath pale, except breast, elytra with a long 
dark, slightly metallic blue or green vittate marking from the humerus 
a little way down the side, another from scutellum down the suture a 
way, a spot before and after the middle, and another lateral vitta at 
apical curve not joined with the humeral vitta; front tibiae in the 
male enlarged. 

Head with the interocular space less than half width of head, frontal 
tubercles somewhat swollen, a median depression above them, a 
narrow carina running down the lower front, occiput smooth with a 
few very fine punctures, usually the upper half of head deeper in color 
from tan to piceous, lower front paler, labrum dark, sometimes entire 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 283 


head pale or entirely dark. Antennae with the three or four basal 
and three apical joints pale. Prothorax somewhat wider than long 
with slightly curved sides and a transverse sulcus, surface shining, very 
finely punctate, entirely pale. Scutellum pale. Elytra dull alutaceous 
with distinct dense punctation, tending to be geminate striate between 
the feeble elytral costae, pale yellow with dark metallic markings about 
the scutellum down the suture at base, down the side from the humerus 
and along the apical curve, and two spots, one before and the other 
after the middle in the middle of each elytron. Body beneath pale 
with the breast darker, lezs sometimes entirely pale, sometimes with 
a dark streak on the outside of the tibiae, front tibiae much enlarged 
in the male, and first tarsal joint large. Length 5.2-6.8 mm.; width 
2.5-3.2 mm. 

Type, male, MCZ; six paratypes, MCZ; 5 paratypes, BMNH; all 
from Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico, collected in March by H. H. Smith. 

Other localities: Tepansacualco, Mexico, Sallé, collector, Tapachula, 
Mexico, Hége, collector; San Isidro, Guatemala, Champion, collector. 

Remarks: The specimen from San Isidro, Guatemala, is a female 
with distinct costae, very dull alutaceous surface, entirely pale legs 
and only faintly darker intermediate joints of the antennae. The 
distinguishing marks of this species are the blue or greenish lateral 
vittate markings interrupted in the middle along the side of the elytra, 
and, in the male, the swollen front tibiae. 


Neobrotica trichops, new species 


Figure 4 


Between 6 and 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, feebly shining, 
elytra distinctly and densely punctate, with traces of costae, pale 
yellow, head with dark mouthparts and often dark about the eyes, 
elytra with a long dark humeral vitta with a greenish or violet lustre, 
and a narrow dark vitta at the base along the suture, a small median 
spot before and two small spots below the middle; tibiae with a dark 
streak, breast dark, intermediate joints of the antennae dark. 

Head with the interocular space less than half the width of the 
head, eyes very large, frontal tubercles distinct with a median depres- 
sion above, occiput smooth, a few hairs about edge of eyes, a narrow 
carina down front, a dark area usually about eyes and dark mouth- 
parts. Antennae with the basal and apical joints paler than the 
intermediate ones. Prothorax somewhat wider than long with 
slightly curved sides and a tranverse sulcus across, alutaceous, with a 
few fine punctures, pale. Scutellum pale. Elytra feebly shining, 
alutaceous, distinctly and densely punctate, tending to be geminate 
striate between the feeble traces of costae; pale yellow with long dark 
vitta, often having a violet or green lustre, from humerus down the 

782-220—66——2 


284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


side of the elytra, in one specimen almost connecting with a spot at 
apical curve, a shorter narrow suturual vitta below the scutellum, and 
a small median spot before and one after the middle on each elytron. 
Body beneath pale with the breast dark, legs pale, the tibiae usually 
with a dark streak. Length 6.8-7.2 mm.; width 3-3.6 mm. 

Type, male, USNM 66842; three paratypes (one in MCZ), all from 
Tucurrique, Costa Rica, collected by Schild and Bergdorf. 

Other localities: Turrialba, Costa Rica, May 21, 22, 1951, and 
June 19, 1951, O. L. Cartwright, collector. 

Remarks: KE. A. Schwarz has labeled specimens in the U.S. National 
Museum as N. coeruleolineata Jacoby, but N. trichops differs from that 
species in having no apical side vitta, and having dark tibiae as well 
as a differently shaped aedeagus. The elytra are longer and the head 
is usually paler than in N. coeruleolineata. 


Neobrotica oberthiiri (Baly) 
Fiaures 16, 17, 18 


Diabrotica oberthiri Baly, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 452, 1886. 

Neobrotica oberthiiri (Baly).—Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 575, 1887; Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 
p. 286, 1889. 

About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shiny, the sulcus across 
the pronotum not very well defined in the middle, the elytra moder- 
ately, densely and strongly punctate, not at all costate, pale yellow 
with a black head and breast, dark tibiae and tarsi and intermediate 
joints of the antennae, and dark vittae or remnants of vittae on the 
elytra. 

Head with the interocular space about half width of head, a depres- 
sion above the frontal tubercles, occiput shining piceous and finely 
punctate, the tubercles, carina and much of the lower face brownish, 
the neck below yellow. Antennae pale with joints four to eight dark. 
Prothorax with slightly rounded sides, the transverse sulcus more 
distinct on the sides; surface shining, punctate, pale yellow. Scutel- 
lum piceous. Elytra without a trace of costae, densely and confusedly 
punctate with a tendency to being striate in some specimens; pale 
yellow usually with a lateral vitta from the humerus nearly to the apex, 
this may be broken so only a short humeral and apical vitta remain, 
the same being true of the median vitta, and the sutural often consist- 
ing only of a short basal and apical darkening. Body beneath pale 
with the breast dark, the femora pale, tibiae and tarsi dark. Length 
6.8 mm.; width 3.3 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH, Baly collection, without locality label 
(although in his description, Baly gives the locality simply as 
Guatemala). 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 285 


Remarks: In the BMNH there are four specimens from Guatemala 
besides the type, and these have variable elytral markings in which 
the vittae are more or less interrupted. One of the specimens with 
unbroken vittae bears the label Capetillo, Guatemala, collected by 
Champion, and in the Bowditch collection is another from Capetillo 
in which the median vitta is broken. In a later publication Jacoby 
adds the locality Corozal, Colombia, for the species, but I have been 
unable to find the specimen either in the British Museum or the Bow- 
ditch collection. In the latter there are two specimens from South 
America under this species, one labelled Venezuela, the other Caracas, 
and in the U.S. National Museum is a specimen from Turmero, Vene- 
zuela, collected in November 1931 by Martorell. The only male 
specimen is the one from Caracas, and whether these South American 
specimens are the same as the ones from Guatemala is at present 
impossible to say. 

As Jacoby notes, the markings of this species bear a strong re- 
semblance to those of Diabrotica nigrolineata Jacoby. 


Neobrotica linigera Jacoby 
Figure 10 


Neobrotica linigera Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Americana, 
Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 574, 1887. 

About 6.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the elytra 
with traces of costae and the intervals strongly and semistriately 
punctate, pale yellow with a piceous head and the marks on the elytra 
having a bluish lustre, a subsutural vitta extending one-third the way 
down, another from the humerus of equal length and two short vittate 
marks below the middle, one on the side at the apical curve, and the 
other near the suture, and in some specimens the pale yellow of the 
elytra across the middle becoming a deeper yellow band, legs and 
body beneath pale yellow except the dark breast. 

Head with interocular space approximately half width of head, 
frontal tubercles distinctly marked and a deep median depression over 
them, the occiput finely punctate, a narrow carina running down lower 
front, shining piceous with the mouthparts usually paler. Antennae 
pale yellowish brown. Prothorax a little wider than long, with curved 
sides and a transverse sulcus, finely punctate, shining, pale yellow. 
Scutellum pale. Elytra shining, with traces of costae especially 
marked near base, having the intervals geminate striate punctate; 
pale yellow with dark markings having a bluish lustre and consisting 
of a long vittate mark from the humerus down the side curving slightly 
inwards, in one specimen in the British Museum this inward curving 
fascia almost joined with a subsutural vitta of the same length; below 
the middle a vittate mark at apical curve and another often with a 


286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


spot beside it, near the suture; in some of the specimens the pale 
yellow becomes deeper yellow in a band across the middle. Body 
beneath and legs pale with the breast dark. Length 5.9-7 mm.; 
width 2.9-3.2 mm. 

Type, male, MCZ; seven paratypes, three in MCZ four in BMNH, 
all from Volean de Chiriqui, Panama, collected by Champion. 

Other locality: Bugaba, Panama, collected by Champion. 

Remarks: The markings of this species are very similar to many 
others except that the basal vitta from the scutellum is not quite sutural, 
but subsutural. 


Neobrotica duodecimsignata, new species 


FIcurE 11 


Between 4 and 5 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, faintly alu- 
taceous, the elytra with fine punctation, feebly costate, yellow brown 
with a brownish margin about the eyes, brown intermediate joints 
of the antennae, often a brownish outer streak on tibiae and tarsi, 
the elytra with dark brown vittate markings extending part way 
down the suture, along the side, sometimes interrupted, and a median 
interrupted vitta, a short vittate marking at the base and two elongate 
spots in the middle sometimes joined into a vitta. 

Head with the interocular space less than half width of the head, 
occiput shining and smooth, a depression above the frontal tubercles, 
carina smooth and narrow, a deepening in color about the eyes, 
otherwise pale. Antennae pale with the intermediate joints deeper 
brown. Prothorax about one-third wider than long with slightly 
curved sides and a transverse sulcus, shining yellow brown, finely 
punctate. Scutellum pale. Elytra alutaceous and distinctly punc- 
tate, a well-marked costa laterally and smaller ones near the middle, 
pale yellow brown with a deep brown vitta from the humerus along 
the side which may be broken into two elongate spots along the side, 
another in the middle consisting of a short vittate mark at the base, 
a longer one often connected with another below the middle, also a 
dark brown mark about the scutellum extending down the suture 
more or less to the middle. Body beneath pale, the legs either 
entirely pale or with a brownish streak on the outside of the tibiae. 
Length 4.4—5.2 mm.; width 2.2-2.5 mm. 

Type, male, BMNH (bearing handwritten name “12-signata,” 
probably by Baly), from Teapa, Mexico, Baly and Fry collection 
labels; one paratype, male, Bowditch collection, MCZ, with Baly 
collection and Jacoby 2nd collection labels. 

Remarks: Only two specimens of this small species are known, 
one with the label Teapa, the other without locality label. The 
vittate markings are the distinguishing characteristics of this species. 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 287 


The pale head is different from that found in N. oberthiiri Baly and 
N. atrilineata. 
Neobrotica spilocephala, new species 


FIGURE 12 


About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, alutaceous, not very 
shiny, the elytra faintly costate, pale yellowish brown, the head with 
a median occipital piceous spot and also a piceous area about the eyes, 
the elytra with a violaceous or greenish mark running across the base 
and down the side to the apical curve and another vitta a little way 
down the suture, two median spots, one before and the other after 
the middle on each elytron, antennae with the intermediate joints 
dark, breast dark. 

Head with the interocular space half width of head, occiput finely 
punctate, a depression over the frontal tubercles, carina well developed, 
pale with a piceous spot at base of the occiput and a dark area about 
the back of the eyes, mouthparts more or less piceous. Antennae 
with pale basal and terminal joints, intermediate ones dark brown. 
Prothorax with slightly curved sides and a transverse sulcus, pale 
yellowish brown, finely punctate. Scutellum pale. Elytra faintly 
costate along the sides, finely and rather sparsely punctate, alutaceous, 
not very shiny, pale yellowish brown with violaceous or greenish 
markings along the base and side down to the apical curve and also 
about the scutellum down the suture, a median spot before and another 
one after the middle, and the lateral darkening opposite each wider, 
as if possibly in darker specimens to connect with the median spot. 
Body beneath pale with the breast dark; legs pale with the tibiae and 
tarsi a little deeper in coloring on the outside. Length 7 mm.; 
width 3.3 mm. 

Type, female; one paratype, female; both in BMNH, Baly collec- 
tion; from Teapa, Mexico. 

Remarks: The occipital dark spot is unusual in the genus and 
besides this species is found only in Neobrotica oblongopunctata Jacoby 
and N. ebraea (Fabricius). This species has somewhat the same 
elytral pattern as N. duodecimsignata but in that species there is no 
metallic lustre and the legs are pale. 


Neobrotica melanocephala Jacoby 
FIGURE 28 


Neobrotica melanocephala Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 579, 1887. 
About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, the elytra costate with 
geminate striate punctures in the intervals, head, breast, tibiae and 
tarsi dark, the elytra pale with a narrow piceous edging along the 


288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


base, the sides and half way down the suture, a small dark spot near 
the apex common to both elytra and a still smaller spot on each 
elytron near it. 

Head with the interocular space more than half width of head, the 
occiput with fine punctures, a depression over the frontal tubercles, 
and a short and somewhat depressed carina down the lower front 
with punctures on either side. Antennae with the three basal and 
three terminal joints pale, the rest dark. Prothorax not twice as 
broad as long with the sides slightly rounded, a well defined transverse 
sulcus across disc; surface shining, very finely and sparsely punctate, 
pale. Scutellum pale. Elytra widened behind, shining, not aluta- 
ceous, distinctly costate, the costae not much elevated but broad and 
smooth and impunctate, between them rather fine geminate striate 
punctures, coarser on the sides; pale reddish brown with dark piceous 
markings along the side, base, and narrowly down the suture to the 
middle; a small spot common to both elytra before the apex and near 
it a still smaller spot on each elytron. Body beneath with the breast 
dark, the femora pale, tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Length 6.8 mm.; 
width 3.5 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH, from Cordova, Mexico, collected by Sallé; 
only a single specimen known. 

Remarks: The costate elytra and dark markings along the side 
differentiate this from other Central American species. The color 
pattern is similar to several South American species, which have more 
deeply costate elytra that are here treated in the genus Hystiopsis, a 
genus that appears to be confined to South America. 


Neobrotica punctatissima Jacoby 
FiaureE 30 


Neobrotica punctatissima Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 573, 1887. 

About 6 mm. in length, broadly oblong oval, somewhat shiny, the 
elytra very coarsely and irregularly geminate striate punctate, pale 
yellow brown, the head deep reddish brown to the frontal tubercles, 
antennae, legs and body beneath pale, elytra with metallic blue-green 
markings consisting of a circle in the basal part and a semicircle in 
apical half. 

Head with interocular space fully one-half width of head, occiput 
finely punctate, a median depression over the frontal tubercles, a well 
developed carina down lower front, occiput deep brown to the frontal 
tubercles, lower front pale, jaws tipped with brown. Antennae 
entirely pale. Prothorax broad and with rounded sides, a deep 
rounded depression on each side but not much evidence of a transverse 














NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE I89 


sulcus otherwise, impunctate, shining, pale yellow brown. Scutellum 
pale. Elytra coarsely punctate with the punctures irregularly 
geminate striate and below the middle becoming larger and somewhat 
ridged; the bluish-green markings in the form of a large circle in basal 
half and a semicircle in the apical half on each elytron. Body 
beneath and legs entirely pale. Length 4.5-6 mm.; width 2.2-3 mm. 


Type, female, BMNH; one paratype, female, Bowditch collection, 
MCZ; both from Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, collected by Hoge. 


Remarks: Only two specimens of this species have been examined, 
both of the original Jacoby material. The type in the British Museum 
has a heavier, thicker dark ring on the elytra, with the pale space 
within considerably smaller than in the MCZ specimen. The very 
coarsely punctate elytra distinguish this species. 


Neobrotica quadriplagiata Jacoby 
FiIGuRE 26 


Neobrotica quadriplagiata Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 546, 1887. 

About 4% mm. in length, oblong oval, shining although alutaceous, 
the prothorax very lightly sulcate, the elytra with a trace of lateral 
costa, head, tibiae, tarsi and breast dark, antennae bicolored, elytra 
dark with a faint violaceous gleam, the margin and apex pale and a 
large pale spot at base and another near apex opening widely behind 
into the pale apex. 

Head with interocular space a little less than half width of head, 
frontal tubercles, carina and area about it brownish, the rest of head 
piceous. Antennae with the four basal and three apical joints pale, 
the intermediate ones dark. Prothorax with the sulcus across most 
evident at the ends; surface shining, finely punctate, sides slightly 
curved, pale yellow brown. Scutellum brownish. Elytra shrunken, 
probably an immature specimen, the sides a little narrowed, a trace 
of lateral costa; punctation not dense but distinct; the margins pale 
yellow and two pale roundish spots on each elytron, one near the base, 
the other at the apex, the apical one opening into and not distinct from 
the pale apex. Body beneath pale with the breast deep brown; 
femora pale, the tibiae and tarsi brownish. Length 4.5 mm.; width 
2 mm. 


Type, ?sex (the abdomen is hidden by the card on which the speci- 
men is mounted), BMNH, from San Geronimo, Guatemala, collected 
by Champion. 

Remarks: Only one specimen is known to the writer, and this is a 
poor, shrunken, immature one of undetermined sex, but quite distinct 
in its markings from any other species. 


290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Neobrotica hondurensis Jacoby 
Figure 13 
Neobrotica hondurensis Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Ameri- 
cana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 577, 1887. 

Between 6 and 7 mm. in length, oblong oval, moderately shiny, 
although alutaceous, the elytra faintly costate and with strong dense 
semistriate punctation; head, intermediate joints of the antennae, 
breast, tibiae and tarsi piceous, the thorax, femora and undersurface, 
except breast, pale; elytra pale with piceous basal, median and apical 
fasciae, the basal fascia sometimes partly joined with the median and 
the apical fascia usually with a long narrow indented pale area at the 
apical end. 

Head with interocular space less than half width of head, frontal 
tubercles distinct with a median depression above, occiput finely 
punctate, a narrow carina running down lower front, entirely dark and 
shiny. Antennae with basal joints reddish brown, intermediate joints 
dark, the three terminal joints pale yellow. Prothorax a little wider 
than long with slightly curved sides and well-marked transverse 
sulcus, surface faintly alutaceous, finely punctate, entirely pale. 
Scutellum deep reddish brown. LElytra faintly costate, alutaceous and 
strongly punctate, a piceous fascia across base, sometimes connected 
at sides or in irregular toothlike projections with a broad median 
dark fascia, a third fascia at apex, having a long narrow concavity 
toward the apex, apex and margin pale. Body beneath pale with 
the breast piceous, femora pale, tibiae and tarsi dark. Anterior coxal 
cavities open, hind tibiae with a spine, claws appendiculate. Length 
6-7 mm.; width 3.3-3.8 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH; one paratype female, BMNH; one paratype, 
male, MCZ; all from Rio Hondo, British Honduras, collected by 
Blancaneau. 

Other localities: Pancina and Cubilguitz, Vera Paz, Guatemala, 
Champion, collector; Cacao, Trece Agua, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, 
Barber and Schwarz, collectors. 

Remarks: This is an unusually dark and heavily marked species 
and easily recognized. 


Neobrotica simulans Jacoby 
Fiaure 14 
Neobrotica simulans Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Americana, 
Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 577, 1887. 

About 5.5 mm. in length, oblong oval, somewhat shiny, although 
alutaceous, the elytra faintly costate and with strong, moderately 
dense semistriate punctures; head, intermediate joints of antennae 
and breast piceous, a piceous fascia on elytra divided narrowly by a 














NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 291 


pale yellow irregular fascia from another wider dark fascia extending 
to a little below the middle, not quite meeting at the suture; before 
the apex another broad dark fascia having an oblong pale spot in the 
middle, apex and margin pale; legs pale, antennae pale with dark 
intermediate joints. 

Head with interocular space less than half width of head, tubercles 
distinct and a depressed spot above them, a narrow carina down 
lower front; occiput smooth, very finely punctate, shining, black, 
except the tubercles which are brownish. Antennae pale with the 
fifth to ninth joints brown. Prothorax not twice as broad as long 
with only slightly curved sides, a deep transverse sulcus; surface 
although alutaceous shiny, very finely punctate, pale yellow. Scu- 
tellum pale. Elytra wider behind the middle, faintly costate, alu- 
taceous but shiny, punctation strong, moderately dense, tending to be 
striate; pale yellow with a dark basal fascia, another broader one 
before the middle, an apical one enclosing an oblong pale spot in the 
middle of it, margin and apex pale. Body beneath pale, except 
the breast which is piceous. Length 5.5 mm.; width 2.7 mm. 

Type, male, BMNH, from Chacoj in Vera Paz, Guatemala, col- 
lected by Champion. 

Remarks: Only one specimen of this is known, the type. N. 
simulans is similar in markings to N. hondurensis; the only distin- 
guishing marks are the pale tibiae and tarsi which are dark in N. 
hondurensis, and the slightly different color of the antennae. Pos- 
sibly it may be only a color form of N. hondurensis. 


Neobrotica pterota, new species 
Fieure 15 


About 6.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the elytra 
densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures tending to be striate, 
feebly costate along the side, pale yellowish brown, the head piceous 
on occiput, pale in front, antennae with pale basal joints, the ter- 
minal joints missing; elytra with a dark brown band enclosing a 
round pale spot on each elytron, and extending down along the side 
not quite joining with another narrower band that extends narrowly 
down the suture and down the side. 

Head with interocular space less than half width of head, occiput 
shining piceous with fine punctures, a depression over the frontal 
tubercles which are tan colored, a carina down lower front which is 
pale, the mouthparts dark. Antennae with the terminal joints 
missing, the four basal ones pale, rest dark. Prothorax with curved 
sides and transverse sulcus, finely punctate, yellowish brown. Scu- 
tellum dark brown. Elytra with dense, moderately coarse, semi- 
striate punctures, feebly costate along the side, pale yellow with a 


292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


wide dark brown basal fascia extending along the side, and enclosing 
a round pale median spot, suture narrowly dark and below the middle 
another narrower irregular fascia extending along the side and down 
the suture and almost connecting with the basal fascia along the 
side. Body beneath and femora pale yellow brown; breast, tibiae 
and tarsi dark; front tibiae and first tarsal joint in the male thick- 
ened, middle and hind tibiae with spine. Length 6.5 mm.; width 
3.2 mm. 
Type, male, BMNH, from Guatemala. 


Remarks: The two chief characteristics of this species differentiating 
it from others are the coarse, dense elytral punctation and the 
dark brown color pattern on the elytra. The face is shorter than that 
of N. hondurensis Jacoby. 


Neobrotica modesta Jacoby 


Figure 35 


Neobrotica modesta Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Americana, 
Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 579, 1887. 


Between 5 and 6 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, faintly shin- 
ing, alutaceous, the elytra with feeble costae, occiput of head, tibiae 
and tarsi piceous, breast a little deeper brown, rest pale yellow brown. 


Head with interocular space half width of head, occiput shining, 
piceous, finely punctate, a median depression over frontal tubercles, 
lower front with a narrow carina, entirely dark. Antennae with the 
basal two and apical three joimts pale, rest deep brown. Prothorax 
not twice as wide as long with slightly curved sides, shining, very 
finely punctate, the transverse depression most marked at the ends, 
very shallow in the middle. Scutellum a little deeper yellow than 
elytra. Elytra faintly alutaceous, not very shiny, with three or four 
feeble costae, distinctly but not densely punctate, the punctures 
tending to be striate, entirely pale. In one specimen in the British 
Museum the elytra with a dark humeral spot. Body beneath pale, 
the breast a little darker brown and deep brown in one specimen, 
femora pale, tibiae and tarsi dark brown, almost piceous. Length 
5-6.5 mm.; width 3-3.4 mm. 

Type, female, MCZ; one paratype, female, BMNH; both from 
Tuxtla, Mexico, collected by Sallé. There is another specimen in 
the British Museum, determined by Jacoby, from ‘“‘Mexico.” 

Remarks: This species has much the same coloration as N. in- 
constans Jacoby from Venezuela, but the elytral bare lines found in 
inconstans are not so marked. In the Mexican female specimen 
(without definite locality), the head has pale frontal tubercles and a 
pale lower front and there is a dark humeral spot on the elytra. 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 293 


Neobrotica sexmaculata Jacoby 
FIGURE 32 
Neobrotica sexmaculata Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Ameri- 
cana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 578, 1887. 

About 6.5 mm. in length, oblong oval, somewhat shiny, not at all 
alutaceous, the prothorax with a transverse sulcus, the elytra with 
many costae, the intervals being striate punctate, pale yellow, each 
elytron with six dark spots, slightly metallic violaceous, one on the 
humerus, one near the scutellum, a pair before the middle and a pair 
in line with them below the middle; antennae (except the last three 
joints), tibiae and tarsi dark. 

Head with the interocular space about half the width of head, 
occiput finely punctate, a depression above the frontal tubercles, 
lower front almost flat, with a short broad carina only slightly raised, 
tips of mouthparts brownish. Antennae in the type specimen broken, 
the lower joints brown, ninth pale (in other specimens that correspond 
with the type the three last joints are pale). Prothorax almost 
rectangular, slightly rounded at the sides, the transverse sulcus across 
the middle well defined and deep; the surface shining, finely punctate, 
pale. Scutellum pale. Elytra with many costae between which the 
rows of punctures are deeply sunken either in a single row, some- 
times geminate, or even alternate; each elytron with piceous spots 
having a faintly metallic violaceous lustre, one on the humerus, a 
small one between that and the scutellum near the base, a second row 
before the middle, one lateral, the other median, and a third row 
below the middle, one lateral, the other median. In the second 
specimen these spots are larger. Body beneath pale, the tibiae 
and tarsi brown. Length 6.5 mm.; width 3.3 mm. 

Type, female BMNH, from Tlatingo, Mexico. 

Remarks: Besides Jacoby’s type from Tlatingo, Mexico, (Federal 
District), there are in the British Museum (Natural History) under 
that name three other specimens, only one of which closely resembles 
the type, and this one has the label ‘“Mex.”” The other two specimens, 
one of which is labelled ‘“Mex.” are like the ones that I am describing 
from Matamoras, Mexico, as Neobrotica matamorasensis. In the 
unidentified material in the British Museum I have found two others 
like the type, one collected at Temascaltepec, circa 5000 ft., in 1913 
by H. E. Hinton and R. L. Usinger, and one collected at Cuernavaca 
by Hinton. There is one in the U.S. National Nuseum from Cuerna- 
vaca collected in August by Krauss on the leaves of Lantana, and one 
in the California Academy of Sciences in the Fenyes collection from 
Cuernavaca, collected by Barrett. 

N. sexmaculata is one of four closely related races, possibly species, 
that occur in Mexico and Arizona. Fall (Trans. American Ent. 


294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Soc., vol. 36, p. 148, 1910) described the Arizona one under the name 
N. pluristicta. The one from Matamoras represents a race from the 
arid eastern area. A fourth race, represented by a single female 
collected by E. A. Schwarz at Tampico, is from the eastern coastal 
humid lowlands, and is the most divergent of the group. I am de- 
scribing this as N. tampicensis. 


Neobrotica pluristicta Fall 
Figure 31 


Neobrotica pluristicta Fall, Trans. American Ent. Soc., vol. 36, p. 148, 1910. 


About 5.5 mm in length, oblong oval, somewhat shiny, the prothorax 
with a transverse sulcus, the elytra strongly costate with the intervals 
geminate striate punctate, pale yellow brown; each elytron has 7 
spots: one on the humerus, another midway down the side and one 
at the apical curve, a second line of spots on the disk with the one 
nearest the apex having a smaller one beside it; the tibiae and tarsi 
dark, the antennae brown with the basal and terminal three joints 
usually paler. 

Head with the interocular space a little more than half width of 
head, vertex densely and rather coarsely punctate, the cheeks on either 
side of the short carina also punctate, mouthparts edged with brown. 
Antennae sometimes entirely brownish, but often with the three basal 
and three terminal joints paler. Prothorax with rounded sides, more 
or less distinct transverse sulcus, alutaceous, finely punctate, pale 
yellow. Scutellum pale. Elytra distinctly costate, the intervals being 
coarsely and striately punctate, not very shiny, yellow brown with 
four spots across the base, four across the middle and six near the apex. 
Body beneath pale, the front tibiae dark on the outside, the other 
tibiae and all tarsi dark. Anterior coxal cavities open, claws appendic- 
ulate. Length 6-6.5 mm.; width 3.3 mm. 

Type, Fall collection, MCZ, from Baboquivari Mts., Ariz., also 
collected in Santa Rita Mts., July 12-24, 1915, by Dury; Nogales, 
St. Cruz Co., collected by F. W. Nunenmacher, April 14, 1906; Penna 
Blanca, Ariz., collected by Lindsay, July 2, 1944, on Chilopsis linearis. 

Remarks: This species while very much like N. sexmaculata Jacoby 
from the Federal District, Mexico, is smaller and not quite so coarsely 
punctate and the elytral costae are a little more distinct. The elytral 
spots are slightly different too. Whether it is a distinct species or only 
a geographic race is uncertain. 


Neobrotica matamorasensis, new species 


FIGURE 33 


Between 6.5 and 7 mm. in length, oblong oval, not very shiny, the 





NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 295 


elytra coarsely, striately and contiguously punctate, pale yellow brown, 
the elytra each with seven small spots. 

Head with the interocular space more than half the width of head, 
vertex coarsely and densely punctate, a short carina down the front, 
cheeks coarsely and densely punctate, all pale yellow except the 
brownish mouthparts. Antennae brownish, sometimes the three basal 
and three terminal joints paler. Prothorax with rounded sides and 
transversely sulcate, pale, finely punctate. Scutellum pale. Elytra 
each with seven dark spots, the punctation coarse, contiguous and 
striate. Body beneath pale with the tibiae and tarsi dark. Length 
6.6-7 mm.; width 3.4-3.5 mm. 

Type, male, Bowditch collection, MCZ 30674, from Matamoras, 
Mexico, collected in May; two paratypes, Fenyes collection, CAS, 
bearing similar labels of Matamoras and May; one paratype, USNM 
without locality label. 

Remarks: The three specimens from Matamoras, Mexico, are larger 
than the Arizona N. pluristicta Fall and are more coarsely punctate, 
the punctures being contiguous. The elytral spotting is also a little 
different. Whether this eastern form is really a species distinct from 
the Arizona pluristicta and the central Mexican sermaculata is uncer- 
tain, but the elytral sculpture appears different from either the other 
two. 

Neobrotica tampicensis, new species 


FIGURE 29 


About 5.5 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, the elytra distinctly 
and yet not coarsely punctate, feebly costate in the middle, yellow 
brown, the antennae except the four basal joints, reddish brown, each 
elytron with a dark humeral spot, a spot at suture by the scutellum, 
two spots, one lateral the other median, before the middle, and two 
after the middle; legs with tibiae and tarsi dark, breast shining piceous. 

Head with interocular space more than half width of head; pale 
reddish brown over occiput, front paler yellow; tubercles well marked, 
a carina down lower front. Antennae with the four basal joints pale 
yellow, the rest reddish brown. Prothorax with a transverse sulcus, 
shining, pale reddish brown. Scutellum pale. Elytra wider towards 
apex, shining, feebly costate in the middle, distinctly but not coarsely 
punctate, the punctures not dense and tending to be striate near base, 
markings as above. Body beneath pale with the breast shining 
piceous, tibiae and tarsi dark. Length 5.3 mm.; width 2.9 mm. 

Type, female, USNM 66843, Tampico, Mexico, collected by E. A. 
Schwarz. 

Remarks: This is the most distinctively different one of the sexmacu- 
lata group. The coloring is different in that the breast is piceous and 
the elytral spots slightly differently located, especially the one near 


| 
| 





296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


the scutellum. The sculpture is unlike that of the rest, the elytra 
being less costate and rather finely and sparsely punctate. 


Neobrotica semicostata Jacoby 
FIGurE 36 


Neobrotica semicostata Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Ameri- 
cana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 574, 1887. 

About 6.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, wider at the apical 
end, dull, not shining, the elytra with many costae, the intervals being 
coarsely geminate striate punctate, entirely pale. 

Head with interocular space half its width, a depression above the 
frontal tubercles, occiput finely punctate and alutaceous, lower front 
coarsely punctate on each side of the carina, a little pubescent, the 
tips of the mandibles piceous. Antennae entirely yellow brown with 
the three apical joints pale yellow. Prothorax almost rectangular 
with slightly curved sides, a deep sulcus across the middle, surface 
alutaceous, finely punctate, pale. Scutellum pale. Elytra widened 
below the middle, irregularly costate, the intervals with deep coarse 
geminate punctures. Body beneath pale, legs pale, the claws a 
little deeper in color. Length 6.7 mm.; width 3.5 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH, from Panistlahuaca, Mexico, collected by 
Sallé. 

Remarks: This is clearly closely related to Neobrotica pluristicta 
Fall and N. sexmaculata Jacoby, but unlike them is without any dark 
marks or spotting. Only a single specimen is known to me. 


Neobrotica pallescens Jacoby 


FIGureE 34 


Neobrotica pallescens Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologica Centrali-Ameri- 
cana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 575, 1887. 

About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining although 
faintly alutaceous, the elytra with numerous fairly distinct costae, 
with the intervals irregularly geminate striate punctate, pale yellow- 
ish brown with a piceous head, deeper brown intermediate joints of 
the antennae and brown tibiae and tarsi. 

Head with interocular space half the width of head, a median 
depression over the frontal tubercles, a narrow carina running down 
the lower front, shining, impunctate, piceous except for the pale neck 
underneath. Antennae with paler basal and apical joints, intermedi- 
ate ones deep brown. Prothorax much wider than long with rounded 
sides and a transverse sulcus, shining although feebly alutaceous and 
very finely and indistinctly punctate, entirely pale. Scutellum tan 
colored. Elytra with 8 or 9 more or less distinct costae, the interspaces 
irregularly geminate striate punctate, shining, although faintly 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 297 


alutaceous, entirely pale. Body beneath entirely pale, femora pale, 
tibiae and tarsi deep brown, front, middle and hind tibiae with spine. 
Length 5.5-7 mm.; width 2.6-3.8 mm. 

Type, female; one paratype, female; both Bowditch collection 
MCZ; two paratypes, females, BMNH; all from Rio Hondo, British 
Honduras, collected by Blancaneau. 

Remarks: This species differs from the entirely pale species 
Neobrotica semicostata Jacoby, in having a dark head and darker 
tibiae and tarsi. All specimens examined are females and present a 
uniform appearance. 


Neobrotica inconspicua Jacoby 
FiaurE 40 


Neobrotica inconspicua Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 576, 1887. 

About 7% mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, the elytra wider 
behind, faintly costate and rather densely and finely punctate, 
entirely pale above except for the reddish brown scutellum; the an- 
tennae, breast, tibiae and tarsi also reddish brown. 

Head with the interocular space half width of head, frontal tubercles 
not prominent, a depression above with dense fine punctures in it, 
occiput sparsely and finely punctate, carina short and broad. An- 
tennae with only five basal joints remaining, the first joint pale, the 
rest reddish brown. Prothorax with rounded sides and a transverse 
sulcus, pale, impunctate. Scutellum reddish brown. Elytra widened 
below the middle, very faintly costate, a well marked intrahumeral 
sulcus, the punctures not coarse but dense and confused. Body 
beneath pale, shiny, very lightly pubescent, breast pale reddish 
brown; legs pale with the tibiae and tarsi pale reddish brown. Length 
7.8mm.; width 4.2 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH, from Cerro de Plumas, Mexico, collected 
by Hége. 

Remarks: Only one specimen, the type, is known of this large pale 
species. As Jacoby wrote in his description, ‘‘the lower five joints of 
the antennae are piceous, the rest broken off.’’ It is not so costate 
as N. semicostata Jacoby, also from Mexico. 


Neobrotica decimsignata, new species 
FIGURE 38 


Between 8 and 10 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, not shining, 
alutaceous, the elytra densely and confusedly punctate, not at all 
costate, pale yellow brown with the intermediate joints of the antennae 
darker, the elytra with ten dark spots, sometimes the two near the 
humerus confluent. 


298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Head with interocular space a little less than half width of head, a 
median depression over the frontal tubercles, occiput alutaceous and 
finely punctate about the depression over the tubercles, a poorly 
defined and narrow carina down the lower front, lower front more 
densely punctate, head pale with the mouthparts edged with brown. 
Antennae long with the basal and apical joints pale, the intermediate 
ones brownish. Prothorax considerably wider than long with slightly 
curved sides and a shallow transverse depression, another shallow 
median depression anteriorly, surface alutaceous and finely punctate, 
entirely pale. Scutellum pale. Elytra with no signs of costae, densely, 
confusedly and rather coarsely punctate, pale yellow, each elytron 
with a piceous spot on the humerus and a smaller spot below it on the 
side, these two spots sometimes confluent, a large spot below the 
scutellum near the suture, a fourth spot on the side at the apical curve 
and a fifth spot near the suture and slightly above the apical curve spot. 
Body beneath and legs entirely pale, the middle and hind tibiae with 
aspine. Length 8.5-9.7 mm.; width 4.5-5 mm. 

Type, male, USNM 66848, from near Cot, Costa Rica, collected by 
P. Knight, Sept. 22, 1937, on potato. 

Other localities: Coronado, Costa Rica, 1400-1600m. Nevermann, 
collector; Carpentera, Costa Rica, Feb. 2, 1936, collected by Sofia and 
C. H. Ballou, on Anona. 

Remarks: In coloration and sculpture this resembles the Peruvian 
species, N. octosignata, but the Peruvian species lacks the small spot 
on the side below the humerus; the antennae are not so long, and the 
first tarsal joints of the middle and hind legs are shorter. In N. 
decimsignata the antennae and the first tarsal joints of the middle legs 
are longer than in any of the other large spotted species. 


Neobrotica septemmaculata, new species 
FIGURE 39 


About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, not at all shiny, dull 
alutaceous, elytra with dense and rather shallow punctation, pro- 
thorax with a transverse sulcus most pronounced in the rounded 
depressions on each side; pale yellow brown, the head with a dark 
occiput and mouthparts, the antennae with pale basal and apical 
joints; the elytra with a small dark spot on the humerus and two in the 
middle on each elytron, one before the middle and one after the middle; 
front tibiae and first tarsal joint in male enlarged, the tibiae and tarsi 
more or less dark. 

Head with interocular space less than half width of head, eyes large, 
frontal tubercles distinctly marked and a depression over them, 
carina short and distinct, occiput down to frontal tubercles piceous, 
lower front pale, mouthparts dark. Antennae not extending to the 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 299 


middle of elytra, basal and terminal joints pale, intervening ones 
darker. Prothorax with slightly curved sides and a transverse sulcus 
most marked at each end in the form of a rounded depression; surface 
alutaceous, yellow brown. Scutellum reddish brown. Elytra wider 
behind the middle with traces of costae and with a short intrahumeral 
sulcus, not shiny, alutaceous, densely and shallowly punctate, pale 
yellow brown, a small dark spot on the humerus, another small spot 
before and one after the middle on each elytron. Body beneath pale, 
except the dark shiny piceous breast, femora pale, front tibiae of the 
male enlarged and first tarsal joint of the anterior legs in the male also 
enlarged, the front tibiae with a dark outer streak, the other tibiae 
and tarsidark. Claws appendiculate, a spine at the end of the middle 
and hind tibiae. Length 7 mm.; width 3.5 mm. 

Type, male, Bowditch collection, MCZ 30671, bearing locality label 
sr awc2 

Remarks: This differs from the other large spotted species in having 
a dark occiput and large eyes, with the interocular space less than half 
the width of the head. It is possible that it differs from the others too 
in the greater enlargement of the front tibiae and first tarsal joint in 
the male, but since only one male is known of the other species this 
cannot be certain. 


Neobrotica pentaspilota, new species 
FIGURE 37 


About 7.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, not very shiny, the 
elytra dull and alutaceous, densely punctate, with faint traces of 
costae, pale yellow, the intermediate joints of the antennae brownish, 
scutellum piceous; four tiny brown spots on each elytron, two before 
and two after the middle; tibiae and tarsi streaked with dark on the 
outside, breast deeper orange yellow. 


Head with interocular space about half width of head, a median 
depression over frontal tubercles, occiput finely punctate, a narrow 
carina down lower front, upper part of head a deeper yellow in color, 
mouthparts edged with brown. Antennae with pale basal and apical 
joints, the intermediate ones dark brown. Prothorax wider than long 
with slightly rounded sides and a transverse sulcus, very finely punc- 
tate, shiny, pale yellow. Scutellum piceous. Elytra with numerous 
faint costae, irregularly and densely punctate, alutaceous, not shiny, 
pale yellow with four tiny brown spots on each elytron, two before 
and two after the middle. Body beneath pale with the breast deeper 
orange brown. Femora pale, the front tibiae on outside and the 
middle and hind tibiae more or less dark, all tibiae with spines. 
Length 7.5 mm.; width 3.6 mm. 

782-220—66——3 


300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Type, female, USNM 66849, taken on a Bromeliad at Laredo, 
Texas (port of entry), January 19. 

Remarks: The locality from which this species comes is unknown 
as the single specimen was intercepted on entry into the United 
States at Laredo, Texas, of a shipment from south of Texas. It 
differs from the other large pale species with spots in that there is no 
humeral spot and the scutellum, tibiae and tarsi are dark. 


Neobrotica quinquepunctata (Jacoby) 


Ficure 41 
Diabrotica quinquepunctata Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 557, 1887. 

About 7.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, alutaceous, only 
feebly shining, the elytra with dense, shallow and rather coarse 
punctures, often contiguous; traces of costae, paler yellow brown with 
intermediate antennal joints a shade deeper and on the elytra ten 
small piceous spots. 

Head with interocular space half width of head, a median depression 
above the clearly marked frontal tubercles, carina down front strong 
and not very long, head entirely pale. Antennae with basal four and 
apical three joints a little paler than intermediate ones, third antennal 
joint about equal to fourth. Prothorax with a deep transverse sulcus, 
sides rounded, surface feebly shining, a few punctures, pale yellow 
brown. Scutellum piceous. Elytra a little wider apically, densely, 
closely, and shallowly punctate, punctures not at all striate, often 
contiguous; faint traces of costae; pale yellow brown with a small dark 
humeral spot, two small spots before the middle, one lateral, the other 
median, and two spots after the middle in a line across, on each elytron. 
Body beneath and legs entirely pale, anterior coxal cavities open, the 
claws appendiculate although the inner tooth is longer and more 
slender than usual. Length 7.5 mm.; width 3.6 mm. 

Type, female; two paratypes; all in Bowditch collection, MCZ, 
from Capetillo, Guatemala, collected by Champion, Ist Jacoby 
collection. 

Remarks: Jacoby wrote that the ‘claws (were) bifid, the inner 
division rather short,” but they are not bifid to the extent that is 
found in Diabrotica; the inner tooth, although unusually long and 
slender, is not nearly as long as the outer one. This clearly belongs to 
the group of large pale spotted species, and in its spotted elytral 
markings most resembles N. pentaspilota; but that species lacks the 
dark humeral spot and has darkened tibiae and tarsi. N. septem- 
maculata has a dark head and more closely set eyes. 








10. 


Le. 


12. 


13. 


14, 


15. 


16. 


Li. 


18. 


19. 


NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 301 


Key to the South American Species of Neobrotica 


Gaia eMITCEyS BALCS Aye eur, eae a) eas ait sel Medea on Boo ee tar ange as See 
EP yee TOM eeT DITOR VE IU is sol cite ale isl Pay ah a ee Pa eS ye Asn ee 
Head, tibiae and tarsi dark piceous. . . . . . inconstans Jacoby (p. 316) 
Head brown, tibiae and tarsi pale. . . . . . bowditchi ua (p. 319) 
Elytra with broad reddish brown or piceous fasciae. . . . Se Feet ne 
Elytra without broad fasciae .. . rarer a ie oO 
Elytra with two broad piceous fasciae pened by a narrow ale one below 

themiddle. .... . . . . . flavolimbata, new species (p. 314) 
Elytra with reddish brows faeces Sent see cw eo 


Elytra with a basal and apical fascia paeierie a email ate as area in ime middle, 
hepatica Bechyne (p. 314) 

Elytra with three fasciae, the apical one having a small pale inner area. 
rogaguaensis, new species (p. 315) 


Elytra with a long lateral vitta from humerus to apical curve . .... 7 
fiytira with Shorter vittae Or spots 6.0. oe ONS le Ce eS 
Elytra with a median vitta . .... . . atrilineata, new name (p. 313) 
Elytra without median vitta. . ... . . . rendalli, new species (p. 311) 
Occiput pale with a small median dark spot orspots ........ 9 
Occiput pale or dark, without spots ... . oe RP seer “10 
Each elytron with a long lateral vitta from Panera) to below middle and 

four other darkspots.. . . . . . ebraea (Fabricius) (p. 309) 


Each elytron without lateral sates Boal with 6 spots 
oblongopunctata Jacoby (p. 308) 
Elytra with a moderately wide dark sutural vitta extending nearly to apex, 


remnants of amedianvitta. . .. . . . stalagma, new species (p. 312) 
Elytra with only a short sutural vitta or darkened sutural edges or none at 
SLB et iss ey ce dee ER ced nay Ey eh ec Se ad cent stan Ci ney Fame 
Head eee 6 Ne Sere Kee, Ope Mare oe cok aig oe eee ck eee 
Head not entirely pale. . . . se Sea gh ani) ch epee 


Elytra dull, not at all shiny, r ites eee pumerate! 
meridensis, new species (p. 304) 


Eiuamammorcorlessisbinyy fie 2. nt lo) St lav 2A hate -epreees io cea cera 
PATE nat ee a  h CR Seis  he a  ita To ce eee 
Smaller, 5-6 mm... . ‘ er ie 


Each elytron with 4 ieee spate ie one saat ‘balow dontelltee, near suture. 
octosignata, new species (p. 320) 

Each elytron with 4 spots, one before the middle and not near suture. 
grandis, new species (p. 321) 

Elytra with the spot before the middle narrowly horizontal, Trinidad. 
praeclara (Weise) (p. 306) 
Elytra with the spot before the middle not narrowly horizontal, markings 


usually pale reddish brown. . . . . . dimidiaticornis Jacoby (p. 305) 
Head dark over occiput but with the front aes PACE OF. Sia) ee Us 
Head entirely dark ..... ey bt eres otis .cLeDeee 
Head with area about eyes apie ‘a ae “ditidisticosaia J seoby Sy 305) 
Occiput down to frontal tubercles entirely dark. ....... els 
Mnetrs netrat sib COStALG: 2 tc) 4:4. ce bbe), aa geese Ven dy ae ee LO 
Hivtracwabh traces OF Gostae §¢ <<). os ces 8) 4 wp oe Gets 6, 6-28 
Taree aber O-« mimi Or more". 5 . «6.4 «1 ea A ee ee 20 


Srialler- abanins-oeotmie fad oS ava al oe Oa OE we oe 2 


302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vo. 118 


20. Elytra pale, each with a a small humeral spot and a small spot before the 


middle esas ec. . . . quadrimaculata, new species (p. 322) 
Elytra pale, each lt a Snareral spot and a spot before and usually 2 after 

the middle .... . . . . . colombiensis, new species (p. 303) 

21. Tibiae with dark outer errentcn ..... . . erythrinae Bechyne (p. 318) 
Tibiae entirely pale ..... 5. (ie eee 


22. Elytra with dark basal meine across base to suture pede minnare down side 
to apex, widening before and after the middle. 
regularis, new species (p. 319) 
Elytra with a dark humeral and sutural mark and spots at apex. 
ruficollis, new species (p. 311) 
23. Elytra with dark humeri, a short dark sutural vitta and 2 apical spots, but no 


spots before the middle. .... . . . comma Bechyne (p. 310) 
Elytra with spots and even a fascia before: the middle 9%. 7:5... secume oe 

24, Legs with tibiae andtarsidark ..... . . poecila, new species (p. 305) 
Megs. pale. ete! eas =, shed a ehs) Renae. 


25. Median spot before fie qniddle straizht and hovizoutars 
praeclara (Weise) (p. 306) 


Median spot before middle more or less curved . . . si Aa ee 
26... uareesO— (OAM 2a iG, ct SSE Le teeters ls Gavipeesn new species (p. 302) 
Small,5.5mm........... 6s . « germaini, new species (p: 317) 
27. Warger, 6-7:5 mm... 2 . .: «.. . 2 . » flavipes, new species (p. 302) 
Smaller,5.5mm. ........ ...... dimidiaticornis Jacoby (p. 305) 


Neobrotica flavipes, new species 
Figure 49 
Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 286, 1889. [Not variabilis.] 


Between 6 and 7.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, somewhat 
shiny, finely alutaceous, the elytra distinctly punctate and feebly 
costate, head usually dark but often with a pale front; antennae, pro- 
notum, legs and undersurface except breast pale yellow; elytra pale 
with dark humeri and a dark line about scutellum extending down 
suture and often connecting in a loose circle with a dark line from 
humerus which curves down and across elytron; at the apex another 
semilunate dark marking often broken into two spots. 


Head with the interocular space a little less than half the width of 
the head, frontal tubercles well marked and with a median depression 
above, a narrow carina down lower front; occiput finely punctate, 
usually dark to the antennal sockets with the lower face pale, but not 
always so, the mouthparts dark. Antennae entirely pale. Prothorax 
not twice as wide as long with slightly curved sides and a transverse 
sulcus, finely alutaceous and finely punctate, entirely pale. Scutel- 
lum pale or tan colored. Elytra with traces of costae along the sides, 
feebly shining, finely alutaceous, punctation distinct and tending to be 
geminate striate. In the Corozal specimen the piceous markings on 
the elytra from the humerus do not connect along the side with a 
transverse fascia, a piceous dark mark around the scutellum and down 





NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 303 


the suture joining with the transverse fascia, in other specimens a 
complete loose ring of these dark markings; at the apex, the piceous 
marks semilunate and more or less connected. Body beneath pale 
with the breast shining dark brown or piceous; legs entirely pale, 
middle and hind tibiae with a spine, anterior coxal cavities open, claws 
appendiculate. Length 6-7.5 mm.; width 3.2-3.7 mm. 

Type, female, MCZ 30664, from Corozal, Venezuela. 

Other localities: El Valle, D.F., Venezuela, on Zea mays Linnaeus, H. 
Pérez, collector; Huila, Colombia, B. Losadas, collector; Rio Dagua, 
Colombia, W. Rosenberg, collector. 

Remarks: Although only female specimens have been examined, 
the writer believes the species is distinct from N. variabilis, the type of 
which comes from Jalapa, Mexico. These beetles differ from the 
Mexican ones in the color of the legs and antennae which in the 
Mexican species are more or less dark. Both species have similar 
elytral markings but these markings are common to many species of 
the genus. 

Neobrotica colombiensis, new species 
Figure 63 


Between 6 and 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, faintly shining, 
alutaceous, the elytra finely punctate, pale yellowish brown, the occi- 
put of the head deeper brown, antennae pale with the intermediate 
joints deep brown; elytra with piceous spots, one on the humerus, a 
narrow dark edging about the scutellum and down the suture a little 
way, on each elytron a transverse spot not reaching the suture before 
the middle, and two spots after the middle, one on the side, one in the 
middle; legs pale, body beneath pale with the breast dark. 

Head with the interocular space not quite half width of head, occiput 
alutaceous and finely punctate, a brown spot, sometimes widening to 
cover the occiput down to the frontal tubercles, from tubercles to 
mouthparts yellow brown, mouthparts tending to be brownish, a 
median depression over the frontal tubercles, a short, well defined 
carina down lower front. Antennae with the basal four joints yellow- 
ish brown, joints five to eight deep brown, nine to eleven pale yellow, 
tip of apical joint dark. Prothorax somewhat wider than long with 
nearly straight sides and a shallow transverse depression, surface 
alutaceous and finely punctate, entirely pale. Scutellum dark brown 
or piceous. Elytra wider in lower half, feebly shining, alutaceous and 
finely punctate, pale yellow brown with a piceous spot on the humerus, 
a narrow piceous edging about scutellum and down the suture a short 
way, on each elytron a transverse fascia or spot from near the margin, 
not reaching the suture, before the middle, and two spots near the 
apex, one near the margin, and the other larger and median. In 
some fresh specimens there is a deeper orange coloring in the apical 


304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


half of the elytra. Body beneath pale with the breast piceous; legs 
entirely pale, in one specimen the front tibiae with a dark streak, 
middle and hind tibiae with a spine, front tibiae in the male somewhat 
stouter. Length 6.1 mm.; width 3.3-3.5 mm. 

Type, female, USNM 67136, from 3 miles north of Villacencia, Meta, 
Colombia, 92 m., collected March 11, 1955, by E. I. Schlinger and 
E. S. Ross. 

Other localities: Bogota; Cayenne, Venezuela. 

Remarks: The markings of this species resemble those of many of 
the small and usually costate species. This is one of the larger species 
with little trace of costae on the elytra. 


Neobrotica meridensis, new species 


FIGURE 53 


About 6.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, dull, not at all 
shiny, the elytra coarsely and densely punctate, faintly costate in 
some specimens, pale yellow brown with reddish brown to piceous 
elytral markings, the breast a little more brownish. 

Head with the interocular space less than half width of head, 
eyes prominent, tubercles clearly marked with a well defined median 
depression over them, occiput densely punctate about this depression, 
carina clearly distinct down the front, occiput often tan colored or 
even darker, lower front pale, labrum usually piceous. Antennae 
pale but in some darker specimens becoming brownish towards apex. 
Prothorax with the sides nearly straight, the transverse sulcus not 
deep in most specimens, most clearly defined at the ends, surface 
alutaceous and finely punctate, pale yellow. Scutellum pale. Elytra 
with a short intrahumeral sulcus; in some specimens traces of costae 
with the punctation between tending to be geminate, and rather 
coarse; surface dull, not at all shiny, pale yellow with deep brown 
to piceous markings that are variable in extent, in the most heavily 
marked specimens with nearly a circle in the basal half, and a lunate 
shaped mark opening towards the apex in apical half; these marks 
present in a lesser degree, sometimes consisting only of a humeral 
spot and a spot in the middle at base and another near the apex 
on each elytron. Body beneath usually with the breast a little 
browner, legs entirely pale. Length 6-7.4 mm.; width 2.8-3.7 mm. 


Type: male; eight paratypes; Bowditch collection, USNM 66844, 
all from Merida, Venezuela; two paratypes, MCZ; two paratypes, 
BMNH,; these probably of the same series as Bowditch, who may 
have had these from the Jacoby collection. One specimen in the 
Museum of Comparative Zoology is very pale with some of the spots 
missing, and this was placed under N. dimidiaticornis. 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 305 


Remarks: This species is readily distinguished from others of sim- 
ilar markings by its dull, coarsely punctate elytra. In this respect 
it resembles N. pluristicta Fall, but the latter species is much more 
definitely costate. 


Neobrotica poecila, new species 
Fiaure 45 


About 5.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, alutaceous, not 
very shiny, the elytra rather densely but not coarsely punctate, and 
with faint costae, pale yellow brown; the occiput, intermediate joints 
of the antennae, tibiae and tarsi, and the middle of the breast brown; 
the elytra with small piceous spots on the humerus, about the scutel- 
lum, two in a line down the middle and two along the side of each 
elytron. 

Head with the interocular space about half width of head, occiput 
smooth except for the fine punctures about the median depression 
above the frontal tubercles, carina thin and not greatly elevated, 
occiput dark, lower front pale. Antennae pale with joints five to 
eight piceous. Prothorax not much wider than long, with the usual 
transverse sulcus well marked, sides slightly curved, alutaceous, pale 
yellow. Scutellum brownish. Elytra with traces of three or four 
costae, distinctly but not coarsely punctate, alutaceous, not shiny, 
pale with a small piceous spot on humerus, another surrounding the 
scutellum, two in a line down the middle and two along the side of 
each elytron. Body beneath pale with the middle of the breast 
brownish; femora pale, tibiae and tarsi mostly deeper brown. Length 
5.5 mm.; width 2.8 mm. 

Type, male, MCZ 30666, from “Brazil.” 

Remarks: The elytral pattern is similar to many species of Neo- 
brotica from Central America. There is one specimen without local- 
ity label in the U.S. National Museum, a gift from the Bowditch 
collection. 

Neobrotica dimidiaticornis Jacoby 
Fiaures 56, 59 
Neobrotica dimidiaticornis Jacoby, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 285, 1889. 


Between 5 and 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, feebly shining, 
alutaceous, pale yellow brown with darker markings on the vertex, 
the intermediate joints of the antennae and spots or short vittate 
markings on the elytra, undersurface and legs entirely pale. 

Head with interocular space less than half width of head, frontal 
tubercles swollen, a median depression above, occiput smooth, a 
narrow carina down lower front; occiput more or less piceous and 
mouthparts brownish. Antennae pale with the intermediate joints 
usually darker, sometimes nearly piceous, or in one specimen only 


306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


faintly brown. Prothorax not so long as wide with nearly straight 
sides and transverse sulcus across the pronotum, shining, finely punc- 
tate, pale yellow brown. Scutellum brown or piceous. Elytra with 
a small costa running down from humerus, sometimes traces of other 
lateral costae; finely punctate and finely alutaceous, pale yellow brown 
with variable pale reddish brown, sometimes piceous, each elytron 
with markings consisting of a spot on the humerus, another on the 
side below this and another on the side near the apex, two median 
ones, one before and the other after the middle; these last spots often 
absent in part or coalescing along the side, and forming short vittae. 
Body beneath and legs entirely pale, a spine on middle and hind tibiae, 
front tibiae of the male enlarged. Length 5.3-6.8 mm.; width 
2.4—-2.9 mm. 

Type, male; one paratype; both in MCZ, from Caracas, Venezuela. 

Remarks: In the Bowditch collection are four specimens, two from 
Caracas, one from San Esteban, collected by E. Simon, and one with 
no locality label. These are undoubtedly the specimens named by 
Jacoby in his original description, as N. dimidiaticornis; even the 
markings correspond with the variety having ‘spots or streaks.’ 
There are no specimens from Venezuela in the British Museum col- 
lection, but there is a male from Colombia, which is labelled by 
Jacoby as Diabrotica piceolimbata Baly; however it does not correspond 
with Baly’s description of piceolimbata, and Jacoby’s label should be 
disregarded. In the U.S. National Museum are other specimens of 
this species from Caracas collected by A. J.C. Rojas, and specimens 
from E] Valle (near Caracas) collected by C.H. Ballou on Paponaz 
and Crescentia cujete. There is a great variation in the two series in 
the elytral markings in that the spots frequently are elongated and 
coalesce, forming short vittae along the side, in the middle, and 
below the scutellum along the suture. The markings usually pale 
reddish brown become piceous brown in some darker specimens. The 
beetles differ from N. ebraea in having a dark piceous or brown occiput. 
In the latter species there is only a middle dark spot on the vertex. 


Neobrotica praeclara (Weise) 
FIGuRE 47 


Cerotoma praeclara Weise, Zool. Jahrb., suppl. 16, pp. 15-16, 1929. 
Neobrotica dimidiaticornis praeclara.—Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, vol. 7, 
no. 1, p. 316, 1956. 
About 5.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, feebly shining, 
alutaceous, the elytra strongly and densely punctate with a tendency 
to being geminate striate between the feeble costae, pale yellow, the 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 307 


breast darker, elytral spots with a faint metallic lustre: a spot on the 
humerus, one about the scutellum, one on the side below the humerus, 
and a horizontal one before the middle, and one on the side and 
another in the middle near apex on each elytron. 

Head with interocular space less than half width of head, frontal 
tubercles distinct and a median depression above them, occiput 
smooth, alutaceous, minutely punctate, a narrow carina down the 
front; entirely pale in some specimens, brown to piceous in others. 
Antennae pale. Prothorax not twice as wide as long with slightly 
rounded sides and a transverse sulcus, shining, very finely and in- 
distinctly punctate, pale. Scutellum pale. Elytra alutaceous with 
strong dense punctation tending to be geminate striate between the 
feeble costae, pale yellow with dark markings usually with a vio- 
laceous lustre and consisting of a dark humeral spot, sometimes 
united across the base with a dark area about scutellum, the latter 
extending down the suture a little way but not meeting the trans- 
verse short fascia below; this fascia sometimes broken into a short 
horizontal mark and a lateral spot, near the apex a median and 
lateral spot, sometimes united in a semilunate mark. Body beneath 
and legs pale, the breast deeper brown, the anterior tibiae in male 
enlarged. Length 5.4-5.9 mm.; width 2.7-3 mm. 

Type, whereabouts unknown, from Trinidad. 

Other localities: Montserrat, Trinidad, collected by Augustus 
Busck, June 1903; Cocoa estate about six miles from LaBrea, Oct. 18, 
1918, collected by H. Morrison; Dept. Agriculture grounds, Port-O- 
Spain, November 1918, collected by H. Morrison; Tobago Island, 
collected by A. Busck. 

Remarks: In the Bowditch collection specimens of this species 
have been placed under N. coeruleolineata Jacoby, which is found in 
Mexico and Guatemala and has similar elytral markings. In the 
British Museum (Natural History) is a series of seven specimens, 
all from Trinidad and very constant in markings, that is labelled by 
Gahan with the manuscript name trinitatis. Bechyne has labelled 
the one specimen in the Frey museum, also from Trinidad, as Neo- 
brotica dimidaticornis praeclara Weise, a new combination for Cero- 
toma praeclara Weise. Although I have not examined the type, 
Weise’s detailed description fits this species, and in particular his 
description of the distinguishing mark in the elytral spotting of this 
species, “the 2 and 3 spots lie in a straight cross row’’, applies to this 
species and not to dimidiaticornis. The species appears to be con- 
fined to Trinidad and Tobago Island. 


308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 


Neobrotica oblongopunctata (Jacoby) 


Figure 54 


Diabrotica oblongopunctata Jacoby, Cist. Ent., vol. 3, no. 26, p. 46, 1882. 
Diabrotica nigroguttata Baly, Journ. Linnaean Soc. Zool., vol. 19, p. 243, 1886. 

Between 7 and 8 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, somewhat 
shiny although alutaceous, the elytra densely and shallowly punctate 
with faint lateral costae; pale yellow, the head with a spot on the 
occiput, sometimes two other spots at the very base of the occiput; 
elytra with three spots along the side of each elytron and three in the 
middle. 

Head with the interocular space about half width of head, frontal 
tubercles a little swollen, a small median depression above them and 
a narrow carina running down the lower front, occiput smoothly 
rounded, sometimes with a few punctures, pale yellow with a small 
brown spot in the middle at base and when the head is protruded a 
smaller spot visible on each side; mouthparts edged with brown. 
Antennae pale with the basal and apical joints a shade lighter, tip 
of terminal joint black. Prothorax about a third wider than long 
with sides slightly rounded and with a transverse depression, finely 
punctate. Scutellum brown. Elytra faintly alutaceous, shining, with 
fine, dense and semistriate punctation, pale, each elytron with elongate 
brown spots, one on the humerus, a second along the side not con- 
nected with the humeral spot, and a third at apical curve, in the middle 
of each elytron one below the scutellum, a second before the middle, 
and a third after the middle. Body beneath and legs entirely pale, 
the breast a shade deeper in coloring, middle and hind tibiae with a 
spine. Length 6.7-8 mm.; width 2.5-4 mm. 

Type, in Bowditch collection, MCZ from Caracas, Venezuela; 
probably several paratypes as some specimens beside the type are 
labelled ‘‘Caracas”’. 

Other localities: Juan Mina, Canal Zone, collected by R. S. Shannon, 
Sept. 2, 1923, Pecora, Panama, collected Feb. 10, 1945, by H. H. 
Stage; Para Graso Mindi Dairy Farm, Mindi, Panama, collected by 
H. F. Dietz; Trinidad, collected by F. W. Urich and A. Busck; Cocoa 
Estate, about 6 miles from LaBrea, Trinidad, collected by H. Morrison, 
Oct. 18, 1918; Caracas, Venezuela; Mompos, Nare (on the Magdalena 
River), Colombia. 

Remarks: In the Bowditch collection is a specimen from Caracas 
bearing the label nigroguttata Baly and beneath that the label oblongo- 
punctata Jacoby. It seems likely that this is the original Jacoby 
specimen described by Jacoby from Caracas in 1882. Dr. Selman 
writes that there are no specimens of Diabrotica oblongopunctata 
Jacoby in the British Museum. There is on one specimen an old 
Chevrolat green label with the name ‘‘Diabrotica oblongonotata Chev.” 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 309 


which Dr. Selman has compared with nigroguttata and concluded they 
are synonymous. There is one labelled “Diabrotica oblongoguttata 
Chev.” in the same series with the same sort of green label. In 
addition to these confusing old names, the species has been confused 
with Neobrotica ebraea (Fabricius) which it strongly resembles in 
its markings. It is, however, a little larger, the eyes are not so closely 
placed, the elytral punctation is more distinct, and there are traces 
of costae and the aedeagus is different, too. On the occiput the spot 
is smaller in N. oblongopunctata and there are two smaller spots 
visible when the head is protruded. On the elytra the humeral spot 
does not coalesce with the lateral spot below it. It is also similar 
in elytral markings to Diabrotica significata Gahan but lacks the 
two vittate marks on the prothorax. 


Neobrotica ebraea (Fabricius) 
Figure 58 


Crioceris ebraea Fabricius, Mant. Ins., vol. 1, p. 89, 1787; Ent. Syst., vol. 1, pt. 2, 
p. 8, 1792; Syst. Eleuth., vol. 1, p. 459, 1801. 

Cryptocephalus (Crioceris) ebraeus.— Gmelin, Systema naturae, ed. Linn., vol. 1, pt. 
4, p. 1721, 1790. 

Galeruca hebraea.—Olivier, Entomologie, vol. 6, p. 656, 1808. 

Neobrotica ebraea.—Weise, in Schenkling, Coleopterorum catalogus, pt. 78, p. 103, 
1924. 

Between 5 and 6 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shiny, 
faintly alutaceous, the elytra very finely punctate; head pale with a 
triangular dark spot in the middle of the occiput, dark mouthparts; 
the thorax, legs and undersurface pale; elytra with an elongate piceous 
marking extending from the humerus to below the middle, an elongate 
spot near the middle of base of elytron and one before and one after 
the middle and one laterally near the apical curve. 

Head with the interocular space less than half width of head, frontal 
tubercles swollen, a median depression above and a narrow carina 
down the lower front, occiput smooth and shining, head pale except 
for a triangular piceous spot in middle of base of occiput, and dark 
mouthparts. Antennae entirely pale except tip. Prothorax wider 
than long with nearly straight sides, a shallow transverse depression, 
pale, shiny, nearly impunctate. Scutellum dark. Elytra shiny, faint- 
ly alutaceous, very finely punctate, pale with markings as described 
above. Body beneath and legs usually entirely pale, anterior coxal 
cavities open, a spine on the middle and hind tibiae, the first tarsal 
joint and anterior tibiae of the male swollen. Length 5-5.9 mm.; 
width 2.5-3 mm. 

Type, whereabouts not known, from Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Other localities: Para, Bahia, Brazil; Rustenwerk, Surinam (Dutch 
Guiana), on cacao, collected by D. C. Geyskes; Cayenne, French 


310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Guiana, collected by W. Schaus; San Rafael, Trinidad, collected by 
Adamson; Caucagua, Venezuela, on cacao, collected by Ed. Miranda; 
Caracas, Venezuela. 

Remarks: The distinguishing mark of this species is the elongated 
spot extending from the humerus down the side of the elytron, which 
is broken into two spots in N. oblongopunctata (Jacoby). 


Neobrotica comma Bechyne 


Figure 50 


Neobrotica comma Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 316, 1956. 
Neobrotica comma ssp. additionalis——Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, vol. 7, 
no. 1, p. 317, 1965. 

From 6 to 7.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, somewhat shiny, 
although alutaceous, the elytra very finely punctate and with traces 
of costae, pale yellow brown, the head piceous to antennal sockets, 
lower front pale, mouthparts dark; legs and antennae pale, breast 
dark; elytra with dark humeri, a narrow dark area about scutellum 
and dark a little way down the suture, on each elytron two subapical 
dark spots, one on the side, one in the middle; front tibiae and first 
tarsal joint of the male enlarged. 

Head with interocular space less than half width of head, occiput 
alutaceous and very finely punctate, a median depression over the 
frontal tubercles, carina only visible a short way down lower front, 
the lower front pale, mouthparts and occiput dark. Antennae entirely 
pale. Prothorax somewhat wider than long with slightly curved sides 
and a transverse sulcus, shining, very finely punctate, pale yellow 
brown. Scutellum tan colored. Elytra finely alutaceous and dis- 
tinctly and densely punctate, the punctation tending to be striate 
and with traces of four or five costae on each elytron, more apparent 
in the male; pale yellow with elongate piceous markings, sometimes 
with a greenish lustre, over the humeri, about the scutellum and down 
the suture and two elongate dark spots near the apex, one on the side 
and the other near the middle of each elytron. Body beneath pale 
except the shiny piceous breast, legs entirely pale. Length 6-7.5 mm.; 
width 3-3.5 mm. 

Type, female, in G. Frey Museum, from Coroica, Bolivia. 

Other localities: Yungas, tropical region, Chapare, 4000 m., Bolivia, 
collected by Zischka and E. W. Reitter; Cochabamba, Bolivia, col- 
lected by Germain; Huallaga, Tocache, Peru, collected by C. A. Baer; 
Monson Valley, Tingo Maria, Peru, October-December 1954, collected 
by E. I. Schlinger and E. S. Ross; Valley Chanchamayo, Peru, 800 m., 
collected by Weyrauch, August 1951; Colombia, Rio Juntes, Brazil. 

Remarks: In Bechyne’s subspecies of this genus, additionalis, de- 
scribed from specimens from Callanga, Peru, there is another line in 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 311 


the middle of the base of the elytra. This may not be the same 
species, but since it is described from a female, one cannot determine 
the exact status. Bechyne includes under this subspecies a specimen 
from Puno, Peru, which is also a female with an extra line, and two 
others, one from Sicuani, Peru, and the other from Tingo Maria, Peru, 
both without the line and similar to the type of comma. I have ex- 
amined a large series from Tingo Maria and all are without this addi- 
tional line. In fact, the markings are remarkably constant. The 
species seems to be widespread, occurring from Colombia to Bolivia 
and eastward into Brazil. 


Neobrotica ruficollis, new species 
FiaurE 44 


About 6 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining although 
faintly alutaceous, the elytra densely but not coarsely punctate, not 
costate, pale yellow with the occiput, mandibles, antennal joints six 
to eight, and spots and vittate markings on the elytra piceous, 
prothorax reddish brown. 

Head with the interocular space scarcely half the width of the 
head, tubercles rather indistinctly marked, a median pit above them, 
carina indistinct, the lower front rather bulging, occiput to antennal 
sockets piceous, lower front pale yellow, labrum dark. Antennae 
brownish deepening to nearly piceous in joints six to eight, the three 
apical joints pale. Prothorax almost as long as wide with slightly 
curved sides, the usual transverse sulcus, very shiny, nearly impunc- 
tate, deep reddish brown. Scutellum dark brown. Elytra alutaceous 
but shiny, wider after the middle, finely and moderately densely 
punctate, not costate, pale yellow with a piceous spot on the humeri, 
extending along side to the middle, also a dark sutural vitta from base 
nearly to the middle, and two spots on each elytron below the middle, 
near apex, one along the side, the smaller one in the middle. Body 
beneath and legs pale with the breast dark, the sides of prosternum 
reddish brown as on pronotum. Length 6 mm.; width 3 mm. 

Type, male, USNM 66841, from Loma Alta, Bolivia, collected 
by G. Pinckert, April 22, 1957. 

Remarks: The markings are much like those of N. comma Bechyne 
but the prothorax is reddish brown, the antennae bicolored, and the 
elytra not at all costate. 


Neobrotica rendalli, new species 


FIGURE 48 


About 6 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, the elytra densely 
and tending to be geminately striate punctate, with faint ridges or 
costae between, pale yellowish, the head piceous on the occiput, the 


312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


mouthparts, intermediate antennal joimts and elytral markings 
piceous, a Jong vitta extending from the humerus along the side but 
not covering the margin, a dark area about and below the scutellum, 
and a very small median spot near the apex; body beneath and legs 
pale except for the dark breast. 

Head with the interocular space a little more than half width of 
head, a median depression over the frontal tubercles, occiput shining, 
very finely punctate, a narrow carina running down the lower front, 
occiput of head to the antennal sockets and around the eyes piceous, 
lower front pale, mouthparts dark. Antennae with the intermediate 
joints dark. Prothorax not twice as wide as long with slightly curved 
sides and a transverse sulcus, shining, finely punctate, entirely pale. 
Scutellum pale. Elytra faintly costate with geminate striate puncta- 
tion in the intervals, shining, pale yellow with piceous or deep brown 
markings, a vitta extending from the humerus along the side to the 
apical curve of irregular outline, suggesting the coalescence of three 
spots, and a broad dark area about the scutellum and a little way 
down the suture, also a small median spot near the apex of each elytron. 
Body beneath and legs pale with the breast dark. Length 6.2 mm.; 
width 3 mm. 

Type, female, MCZ 30670, from Caparo Valley, Port-of-Spain, 
Trinidad, collected by Dr. Rendall, January 1897. 

Remarks: Only one specimen, a female, is known. The elytra are 
a pale lemon color, possibly faded from a green. The unusual 
irregular lateral vitta on the elytra is distinctive of this species. 
Bowditch had attached the manuscript name Rendalli to it, after its 
collector. 

Neobrotica stalagma, new species 


Figure 55 


About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining although 
alutaceous, elytra feebly costate on sides and with punctures tending 
to be striate, yellow brown, the occiput of head piceous, the antennae 
with the intermediate joints dark and the elytra with a sutural dark 
vitta extending below the middle and a long dark humeral area 
uniting with a short median vitta and a shorter apical vitta on each 
elytron, breast dark, legs pale. 

Head with the interocular space approximately half width of head, 
frontal tubercles swollen and a median depression above, the carina 
down the lower front not very distinct, but rather flat and punctate, 
upper half of head piceous, lower front pale, mouthparts dark. 
Antennae pale with brownish intermediate joints. Prothorax wider 
than long with curved sides and a transverse depression, alutaceous, 
very finely and indistinctly punctate, entirely pale yellow brown. 
Scutellum tan colored. Elytra with feeble costae along the sides, 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 313 


distinctly alutaceous, finely and rather densely punctate, the punc- 
tures having a tendency to be geminate striate; pale yellow brown 
with a dark brown or piceous moderately wide humeral vitta curving 
inwards and connecting with a median spot or vitta, which extends 
down as far as the sutural vitta, another short vittate mark on the 
side at apical curve on each elytron. Body beneath pale with the 
breast dark, legs entirely pale. Length 7 mm.; width 3.5 mm. 


Type, female, MCZ 30667, from Cali, Colombia, collected by 
Rosenberg, September—December 1894. 

Remarks: There is one other specimen from Muso, Colombia, 
which may be a less heavily marked specimen of the same species. 
In this the median line does not connect with the humeral vitta. 
It is also a female. 


Neobrotica atrilineata, new name 
Figure 57 
Neobrotica lineigera Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 318, 1956. 


Between 5 and 6 mm. in length, oblong oval, faintly shining, aluta- 
ceous, the elytra finely punctate and with traces of costae along the 
sides, pale yellow brown with piceous occiput and narrow piceous 
elytral vittae, one extending from the humerus along the side to apical 
curve, a shorter one on the disc not reaching the base, and a short 
sutural one from about the scutellum down a little way on the suture. 


Head with the interocular space less than half width of head, frontal 
tubercles somewhat swollen, a shallow median depression above and a 
narrow carina down the lower front, surface of occiput alutaceous and 
finely punctate; upper half of head often to the antennal sockets deep 
brown to piceous, lower front pale, mouthparts usually dark. An- 
tennae usually entirely pale, but in one specimen joints five to eight 
deeper brown. Prothorax nearly as long as wide with slightly curved 
sides and a transverse sulcus; surface alutaceous and indistinctly and 
faintly punctate, pale. Scutellum brown. Elytra with traces of 
lateral costae, alutaceous and finely punctate, pale yellow brown, each 
elytron with a piceous vitta extending from the humerus to the apical 
curve, not reaching the apex, and a shorter median vitta not reaching 
the base on the disc, and a very short sutural vitta extending from 
around the scutellum a little way down the suture. Body beneath 
pale with the breast shining piceous, legs entirely pale, a spine on the 
middle and hind tibiae, first tarsal joint of the male enlarged. Length 
5.3-6.3 mm.; width 2.8-3.1 mm. 


Type, male, in G. Frey Museum, Tutzing, near Munich, Germany, 
from Santa Cruz, Bolivia. 


Other localities: Cochabamba, Bolivia, collected by Germain. 


314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 


Remarks: In 1887 Jacoby described a Neobrotica linigera from 
Panama, a quite different species from the one Bechyne described from 
Bolivia as N. lineigera in 1956. Also different from either is a species 
that Bechyne described in 1958 as N. lineigera from Brazil. The name 
lineigera is essentially the same as linigera, and according to rules of 
zoological nomenclature, article 58, no. 2, it should not stand as dis- 
tinct. Bowditch had attached the manuscript name atrilineata to this 
species in a series in his collection from Cochabamba. It differs from 
N. oberthiiri in having pale legs as well as a narrower prothorax. 
There are also traces of elytral costae in this species which are not 
present in N. oberthiirv. 


Neobrotica flavolimbata, new species 
FIGuRE 62 


About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, dull, alutaceous, the 
elytra strongly punctate with a tendency to being striate, yellow 
brown, the elytra mostly piceous with a narrow pale fascia below the 
middle, the margin and apex pale; legs, antennae and the body be- 
neath entirely pale. 

Head with the interocular space approximately half the width of 
head, a median depression above the rather poorly defined frontal 
tubercles, occiput finely punctate, a narrow carina down the front, on 
either side of which the surface is wrinkled, pale yellow brown with 
the labrum piceous. Antennae pale except for the dark brown tip of 
the apical joint. Prothorax with slightly rounded sides and a trans- 
verse shallow groove, finely punctate, entirely pale yellow brown. 
Scutellum pale. Elytra widened below the middle, alutaceous, not 
shiny, punctation strong and tending to be striate, with faint traces of 
costae, a few scattered hairs along the sides; a broad piceous basal and 
an apical fascia separated narrowly by a pale fascia below the middle, 
the margins and apex pale. Body beneath and legs entirely pale. 
Anterior coxal cavities open, claws appendiculate, a spine at the end of 
middle and hind tibiae. Length 7.4 mm.; width 3.7 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH, Baly collection, from Merida (no label for 
country). 

Remarks: The unusual elytral coloring of this species differentiates 
it from any of the others without strong elytral costae. 


Neobrotica hepatica Bechyne 
FiaureE 51 
Neobrotica hepatica Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 597, 1958. 


Between 6 and 7 mm. in length, oblong oval, somewhat shiny, faintly 
alutaceous, the elytra distinctly punctate, pale yellow with a reddish 
brown occiput and two broad reddish brown elytral fasciae interrupted 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 315 


at the suture and each with a median pale spot, a narrow pale yellow 
fascia between them; body beneath reddish brown with deeper brown 
to piceous shadings in the middle of the abdomen and breast, femora 
deep brown to piceous. 

Head with interocular space fully half width of head, smoothly 
rounded over occiput, shining, finely punctate, a median depression 
above the frontal tubercles, a narrow carina down lower front; upper 
part of head tan colored, lower half pale yellow; mouthparts tipped 
with brown. Antennae entirely pale. Prothorax much wider than 
long but not twice as wide, and with curved sides, a shallow transverse 
sulcus, in some specimens only an oblique depression on either side; 
very indistinctly punctate, pale yellow sometimes with a faint brown 
spot in the middle at base. Scutellum tan colored. Elytra pale with 
a broad reddish brown basal and an apical fascia having pale median 
spot on each elytron, the first fascia not reaching the base and the 
apical one not reaching the apex, leaving the margins and suture pale 
and a narrow pale fascia between the tan colored ones below the middle. 
Body beneath tan colored with darker, often piceous, shadings on the 
side of the breast and middle of the abdomen and metasternum. 
Femora deep brown or piceous and usually pale at the apex; tibiae and 
tarsi pale, middle and hind tibiae with spine, front coxal cavities open, 
claws appendiculate. Length 5.7—7.2 mm.; width 3.1-3.6 mm. 

Type, female; one paratype; both in G. Frey Museum, Tutzing, 
near Munich, Germany, from Rio Huallaga, Tingo Maria, Peru. 

Other localities: A large series of this species in the California 
Academy of Sciences, was taken by E. I. Schlinger and E. S. Ross in 
the Monzon Valley, Tingo Maria, Peru, Sept. 21, 1954, and another 
series in the U.S. National Museum was also taken at Tingo Maria by 
J. Dieguez in October 1949, on Hrythrina. 

Remarks: The unusual color pattern of this species easily dis- 
tinguishes it from other species of Neobrotica. 


Neobrotica rogaguaensis, new species 
Figure 52 


About 6 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, densely and 
not coarsely punctate, the elytra with faint traces of costae; pale yellow 
with pale reddish brown markings on the occiput, on the intermediate 
joints of the antennae, tibiae and tarsi and the three broad elytral 
fasciae interrupted at the suture, the apical one with an elongate pale 
spot on each elytron. 

Head with the interocular space half width of head, occiput although 
alutaceous finely punctate about the median depression over the 
frontal tubercles, carina very short ending in a depression between the 
rather bulging sides of the lower front, occiput and labrum reddish 

782-220—66——4 


316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


brown, lower front pale yellow. Antennae brownish, shading to deep 
brown in the intermediate joints, terminal three joints pale yellow with 
the tip dark. Prothorax somewhat rectangular but not twice as wide 
as long with slightly rounded sides, the transverse sulcus well marked, 
surface shiny, very finely punctate. ‘Scutellum brown. Elytra aluta- 
ceous, feebly shining, rather densely and distinctly punctate, faintly 
costate; pale yellow with a basal, median and apical fascia with an 
elongate pale spot, possibly in some specimens dividing this apical 
fascia into two. Body beneath and femora pale, tibiae and tarsi more 
or less brownish piceous, anterior coxal cavities open, the claws 
appendiculate. Length 5.8 mm.; width 3 mm. 


Type, male, USNM 66846, from Rosario, Lake Rogagua, Bolivia, 
collected by W. M. Mann, Oct. 28—Nov. 9, 1921. 


Remarks: The pale reddish brown markings and rather unusual 
elytral pattern sufficiently differentiate this species. In coloring it is 
closest to N. hepatica Bechyne, having similar reddish brown elytral 
markings. 

Neobrotica inconstans Jacoby 
Figure 61 
Neobrotica inconstans Jacoby, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, p. 285, 1889. 


About 6 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, faintly alu- 
taceous, head, breast, intermediate joints of antennae, tibiae and 
tarsi piceous; base of head, thorax and rest of beetle pale yellowish 
brown, except in one specimen, which has a dark spot on the humerus; 
the elytra not at all costate but with bare lines instead, the inter- 
vals being geminate striate. 


Head with interocular space about half width of head, shining 
piceous except at the base which is pale, a median depression above 
the rather indistinctly marked frontal tubercles, carina down front 
not distinguishable from the slightly swollen lower front. Antennae 
with the three basal joints and three apical ones pale, intervening 
ones piceous. Prothorax almost twice as broad as long with rounded 
sides and transverse sulcus, finely punctate, shining, pale yellow brown. 
Scutellum pale. Elytra widened in apical half, a short shallow intra- 
humeral sulcus, punctation in double rows between bare lines, not 
at all costate, surface faintly alutaceous but shiny, pale yellow brown; 
one elytron paler near the suture than on the sides, the other uni- 
formly yellow brown. Jacoby writes that one specimen has a humeral 
dark spot. Body beneath pale with the breast piceous, femora pale, 
tibiae and tarsi dark. Length 6 mm. 

Type, whereabouts unknown; ‘‘variety,’’ female, in MCZ, from 
Tovar Colonia, Prov. Guzman, Blanco Mts., 1900 m., Venezuela, 
collected by E. Simon in 1888. 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE at 


Remarks: Only one specimen of this species has been examined, 
the ‘‘variety” of Jacoby’s description, which is in the Museum of 
Comparative Zoology. The species was described from a collection 
of beetles by E. Simon, made in Venezuela in 1888, and it is possible 
that the typical form was returned to the collector. It is not in 
the British Museum (Natural History). In the typical form Jacoby 
describes the elytral shoulders as having a “short narrow elongate 
and angular black mark, the lower angle of which turns inwards 
and a round piceous obscure spot below.’’ He describes the variety 
as being immaculate, the specimen as having the left elytron pale 
green and the right one fulvous. In this specimen at present the 
green has entirely disappeared, leaving the elytron mostly pale yellow 
but not so deep in color as the right elytron, which is yellow brown. 
The distinctive thing about the species is the lack of costation and 
the presence of bare longitudinal lines on the elytra with the intervals 
geminate striate punctate. 


Neobrotica germaini, new species 
Figure 46 


About 5.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, feebly shining and 
somewhat alutaceous, the elytra distinctly and rather densely punc- 
tate, pale reddish brown with a dark piceous occiput on head and dark 
markings having a faint violaceous tint on the elytra, these consist- 
ing of a sutural vitta not reaching the middle and a dark lateral 
mark from the humerus down the side of the same length as the sutural 
vitta, which curves at the end across the elytron but does not reach 
the suture, and near the apex on each elytron a thick lunate mark 
opening towards the suture; breast dark, rest of undersurface and 
legs pale. 

Head with interocular space approximately half width of head, 
a small median depression over the frontal tubercles, a carina down 
lower front which is reddish brown, the occiput being piceous. An- 
tennae with third joint shorter than fourth, joints five to eight deeper 
brown, apical two joints pale yellow with the tip dark. Prothorax 
with rounded sides, shining, smooth, the transverse sulcus represented 
by an oblique depression on each side, entirely reddish brown. Scu- 
tellum piceous. Elytra faintly costate, distinctly and confusedly 
punctate, reddish brown with dark markings having a faint violaceous 
tint and as described above. Body beneath and legs reddish brown 
except the breast which is shining piceous. Anterior coxal cavities 
open, claws appendiculate. Length 5.5 mm.; width 2.5 mm. 

Type, female, Bowditch collection, MCZ 30816, from Cochabamba, 
Bolivia, collected by Germain. 


318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Remarks: Bowditch has attached the manuscript name N. germari 
to this distinctive little species, meaning, I believe, to name it after 
its collector. The label reads simply “Germ.,’ but I believe that 
instead of the German Germar who died in 1853, this abbreviation 
is for Germain (1827-1913), the Chilean entomologist who collected 
in the Andes and wrote many papers on the insects of Chile. 

This species is more costate and more stongly punctate than JN. 
ruficollis, and the third joint is shorter than the fourth antennal joint, 
which joints in ruficollis are subequal. 


Neobrotica erythrinae Bechyne 


FiIGurE 43 
Neobrotica erythrinae Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus, G. Frey, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 598, 1958. 


Between 5 and 7.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, somewhat 
shiny, although faintly alutaceous, the elytra densely and finely 
punctate, pale yellow with the upper part of the head piceous black 
and the breast black; the elytra varying from having heavy piceous 
markings over the base, middle and apex to being pale with only 
traces of these markings at the side, suture and apex; tibiae with 
a dark streak. 

Head with the interocular space approximately half width of head, 
occiput smoothly rounded, alutaceous, very finely punctate, the 
frontal tubercles not well marked but somewhat swollen and above 
them a median depression; lower front with a very narrow carina, 
upper part of the head and about the eyes piceous, lower front some- 
times entirely pale but usually with a median darkening and dark 
mouthparts. Antennae with the intermediate joints brownish, tip of 
terminal joint dark. Prothorax a little wider than long, with some- 
what curved sides and a rather shallow transverse sulcus, often marked 
only by an oblique depression on either side, shining, impunctate, pale 
yellow. Scutellum piceous. Elytra very finely punctate, alutaceous, 
pale yellow with variable dark piceous markings; in the more darkly 
marked specimens on each elytron a large dark basal spot often 
connecting along the side with a median dark fascia that does not 
reach the suture, or this may be entirely lacking; at the apex another 
broad band, sometimes broken up into a semicircular dark marking 
near the apex, the suture dark about the scutellum, in the paler 
specimens only remnants of these fasciae marked by spots on the 
humerus, along the side, and at apex. Body beneath pale with the 
breast dark, legs pale, the tibiae with a darker streak on the outside, 
the abdomen dorsally somewhat darker. Length 6.5-7.5 mm.; width 
2.5-3 mm. 

Type and paratype in the George Frey Museum, Tutzing, near 
Munich, from Tingo Maria, Rio Huallaga, 700 m., collected by 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 319 


Weyrauch, July 1947, and by J. Diaguez at the same locality in 
October 1949; both collections taken on Erythrina. 

Remarks: In a large series of this species in the U.S. National 
Museum the markings are very variable, scarcely any two specimens 
being exactly alike. I cannot detect any sexual dimorphism in the 
color pattern as suggested by Bechyne. 


Neobrotica regularis, new species 
Figure 42 


About 5 mm. in length, narrowly oblong oval, faintly shining, 
alutaceous, the elytra finely and densely punctate, pale yellow brown, 
the head over the occiput down to the frontal tubercles piceous, the 
elytra with piceous markings across the base and down the side at the 
the middle united with a spot and sometimes before the apex united 
with a large spot, the breast dark, legs and antennae pale. 

Head with the interocular space less than half width of head, frontal 
tubercles swollen, a median depression above them and a narrow 
carina down the lower front; occiput alutaceous, very finely punctate, 
piceous with the lower front pale. Antennae entirely pale. Pro- 
thorax a little wider than long with nearly straight sides and a trans- 
verse sulcus across disc; surface faintly alutaceous and _ shining, 
entirely pale. Scutellum tan colored. Elytra not at all costate with 
a short intrahumeral sulcus, strongly alutaceous and densely and 
finely punctate; on each elytron a broad piceous band across the base 
extending about the scutellum and a little way down the suture, and 
from the humerus down the side, uniting with another large spot 
before the middle and sometimes with another before the apex, or 
this may not be united. Body beneath pale with the breast dark, 
the legs entirely pale; middle and hind tibiae with spine. Length 
5.3 mm.; width 2.8 mm. 

Type, male, MCZ 30669; one paratype, BMNH; both from Vene- 
zuela and labelled ‘‘Laferté collection Venezuela.” 

Remarks: Bowditch has given this the manuscript name N. regu- 
laris. Itis closely related to N. erythrinae Bechyne from Tingo Maria, 
Peru, but the elytral markings are slightly different and, unlike 
N. erythrinae, it has pale legs and pale antennae. 


Neobrotica bowditchi Bechyne 
Ficure 60 


Neobrotica inconspicua Bowditch, Canadian Ent., vol. 44, p. 15, 1912. [Not 
N. inconspicua Jacoby.] 
Neobrotica bowditchi Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 596, 1958. 
From 6 to 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, not very shiny, 
alutaceous, the elytra densely punctate, pale yellowish brown, one 


320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


specimen with a reddish brown humeral spot, and in the same speci- 
men the head on top deep brown. Antennae pale yellowish brown. 

Head with interocular space less than half width of head, occiput 
alutaceous, finely punctate, the frontal tubercles a little swollen with a 
median depression above and a narrow carina down lower front, in 
one specimen the occiput brown, in the rest entirely pale. Antennae 
moderately long, yellowish brown. Prothorax somewhat wider than 
long with slightly curved sides and a transverse sulcus, surface aluta- 
ceous, distinctly punctate. Scutellum pale. Elytra without signs of 
costae, densely, shallowly and rather coarsely punctate, the punctures 
tending to be in rows, surface dull alutaceous, pale yellowish brown, 
in one specimen a reddish brown humeral spot. Body beneath pale 
with the breast in some specimens a little deeper in shading, legs 
entirely pale, front tibiae in the male enlarged, a spine on the middle 
and hind tibiae. Length 6-7.3 mm.; width 3.4-4 mm. 

Type, male; one paratype; both in MCZ, from Callanga, Peru. 

Other localities. Five specimens in the Museum of Comparative 
Zoology all females, from Cochabamba, Bolivia, collected by Germain; 
one specimen in the U.S. National Museum, one specimen in the Frey 
Museum from Peru. 

Remarks: Jacoby has already described a Neobrotica inconspicua 
from Mexico which is also an entirely pale species except for the 
antennae, but with elytral costae. 


Neobrotica octosignata, new species 
Fiaure 64 


Between 6 and 8.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, not very 
shiny, alutaceous, elytra not at all costate, coarsely and confusedly 
punctate, pale yellow brown; the elytra with reddish brown or piceous 
spots, one on the humerus, one large one below the scutellum near the 
suture, another near apex and suture, and one at the apical curve on the 
side of each elytron. 

Head with interocular space about half width of head, a median 
depression over frontal tubercles, occiput alutaceous and finely 
punctate, a rather poorly defined carina down the lower front, lower 
front punctate on the sides, head entirely pale. Antennae pale with 
the intermediate joints a little deeper in color. Prothorax wider than 
long with slightly curved sides and a transverse sulcus; alutaceous and 
finely punctate, usually entirely pale but one specimen with a piceous 
spot on each side anteriorly, no trace of this spotting in the other four 
specimens. Scutellum pale. Elytra without costae, alutaceous, not 
shining, densely and rather coarsely punctate, the punctures tending 
to be striate; pale yellow brown with reddish brown to piceous spots, 
one covering the humerus, another large one a little below the scutellum 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 321 


and near the suture, a third in line with the second near the apex, and 
a fourth at the apical curve on the side on each elytron. Body beneath 
and legs entirely pale, spines on all the tibiae. Length 6-8.5 mm.; 
width 3.1-4.2 mm. 

Type, female, MCZ 30672, from Marcapata, Peru; one specimen 
labelled “Peru,” collected by M. Kirsch, 1st Jacoby collection; five 
specimens, BMNH, three labelled ‘Peru,’ collected by M. Kirsch, 
and one without a label. 


Remarks: The specimens in the British Museum have the name 
“Diabrotica 8-punctata Jacoby i.1.” (in litt.) and those in the Bowditch 
collection “Neobrotica 8-signata,’ also a manuscript name. This 
species resembles one from Costa Rica but lacks the small spot below 
the humerus found in that species and the antennae are shorter. 
A specimen of this species was collected at Tingo Maria, Dept. 
Huanuco, Peru, 670 m., by G. H. Dieke Aug. 16-25, 1951. 


Neobrotica grandis, new species 
FiaurE 66 


Approximately 8 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, dull aluta- 
ceous, not at all shiny, the elytra very faintly costate with dense, not 
coarse punctation, pale yellow with darker mouthparts, the elytra 
with a deep brown almost piceous spot on the humerus, another 
before the middle and one after the middle and another at the apical 
curve, a dark edging about the scutellum on each elytron. 


Head with interocular space half its width, a depression over the 
frontal tubercles and finely punctate about this depression, the occiput 
alutaceous, a narrow carina down the lower front with coarse punctures 
on either side, entirely pale except the brown mouthparts. Antennae 
pale with a little deeper coloring in the intermediate joints. Prothorax 
a little wider than long with slightly curved sides and a transverse 
sulcus, surface dull, alutaceous with fine punctures. Scutellum pale. 
Elytra faintly costate with the intervals irregularly geminate 
punctate, the punctures shallow and dense, surface dull, alutaceous, 
not at all shiny, pale yellow with small deep reddish brown spots, one 
on the humerus, one before and one after the middle, and one on the 
side at apical curve, the scutellum edged with dark. Body beneath 
and legs entirely pale, spines on all the tibiae. Length 8 mm.; 
width 3.7 mm. 

Type, female, MCZ 30673, from Cauca, Colombia. 

Remarks: The dull alutaceous surface together with the position of 
the elytral spots separate N. grandis from the other large spotted 
species. It is larger as well as paler than N. colombiensis, the under 
surface being entirely pale, and there are traces of costae which are 


322 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


lacking in colombiensis and the dull alutaceous surface is unlike that 
species. Bowditch has attached the manuscript name grandis to it. 


Neobrotica quadrimaculata, new species 


FIGurReE 65 


About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, somewhat shiny, 
alutaceous, elytra densely and strongly punctate, the prothorax with 
a shallow transverse sulcus, pale yellow brown, the occiput of head 
piceous, breast dark, elytra with a small dark spot on the humerus 
and another small one before the middle of each elytron. 

Head with interocular space half width of head, frontal tubercles 
swollen, a depression above, carina short, lost in the bulging lower 
front, head piceous over occiput, from frontal tubercles down yellowish 
brown. Antennae with the terminal joint missing, brownish with 
joints 9 and 10 pale yellow. Prothorax with sides slightly curved, a 
very shallow transverse sulcus, shiny, nearly impunctate, yellowish 
brown. Scutellum tan colored. Elytra wider towards apex, dis- 
tinctly punctate, alutaceous, faintly shiny, no signs of costae, markings 
as above. Body beneath pale yellowish brown with the breast dark, 
legs entirely pale; middle and hind tibiae with a spine, anterior coxal 
cavities open, claws appendiculate. Length 7 mm.; width 3 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH, from Mucutuy, La Veganilla, 5000 ft., 
E. Merida, Venezuela, collected by J. Hanbury Tracey, Oct. 21, 1938. 

Remarks: This is another of the large pale spotted species. It 
differs from the others in having only four elytral spots with the occi- 
put of the head dark. 


Neobrotica ludicra Bechyne 
FIGURE 67 
Neobrotica ludicra Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, vol. 9, no, 2, p. 599, 1958. 


Approximately 8 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, the elytra 
strongly and densely punctate, pale yellow with the head dark and 
dark markings along the base of the elytra extending down the side 
and down the suture about a quarter the length of the elytra, also a 
large dark spot on each elytron on the side near the apex. 

Head with the interocular space more than half the width of the 
head, tubercles somewhat swollen with a shallow median depression 
above, occiput smooth, finely punctate, carina very short and broad, 
cheeks bulging. Antennae long and slender, the basal three and apical 
three joints pale, intermediate ones deeper brown; third joint not 
much longer than second and fourth joint nearly three times as long 
as second. Prothorax considerably wider than long, with slightly 
curved sides; the transverse sulcus not deep, very finely punctate, 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 323 


shining, pale yellow. Scutellum pale. Elytra in type specimen 
shrivelled, probably wider in apical half, shiny, densely and strongly 
punctate; a piceous basal marking covering the entire base and run- 
ning down side from the humerus and also extending down the suture 
about a quarter of the length of the elytra, a large piceous spot on the 
side near the apex of each elytron, not joined at the suture. Body 
beneath pale, legs entirely pale. Anterior coxal cavities open, claws 
appendiculate. Length 8 mm. 

Type, female, in G. Frey Museum, Tutzing, near Munich, from 
Coroico, Bolivia. 

Remarks: It is very doubtful whether this species should be in- 
cluded in the genus Neobrotica. The antennae are not typical of 
Neobrotica, the third joint being about the length of the second, and 
the fourth and fifth joints nearly three times as long as the third. 
The head is also different, having only a very short carina. Dr. 
Gerhard Scherer has made a drawing of the head for this paper. 
Unfortunately the only specimen known is a female. In this group 
with the short third antennal joint, the male usually has other char- 
acteristics, such as excised middle tibiae. Until a male is found, it is 
impossible to be certain of the genus in which this species belongs. 


Neobrotica anisocincta Bechyne 
Figure 68 


Neobrotica anisocincta Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, vol. 9, no. 2, pp 599-600, 
1958. 

About 5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the elytra 
coarsely and rugosely punctate, pale yellow with a dark head, dark 
basal fascia and another narrower one near the apex of elytra, dark 
breast and dark intermediate joints of the antennae. 

Head with interocular space half width of head, a depression above 
frontal tubercles, occiput shining with a few punctures near base, no 
carina down lower front, the lower front somewhat bulging; entirely 
dark. Antennae with the basal and three apical joints pale, inter- 
mediate ones dark, the third antennal joint only half as long as the 
fourth. Prothorax with a transverse sulcus, the sides slightly rounded, 
entirely pale. Scutellum pale. Elytra widened behind, very ru- 
gosely punctate, shining, pale with a wide dark basal fascia extending 
one-third the length of the elytra, and another near the apex not so 
wide. Body beneath pale with the breast dark, legs entirely pale. 
Length 5.3 mm. 

Type, female, in G. Frey Museum, Tutzing, near Munich, Germany, 
from Callanga, Peru. 

Remarks: Unfortunately only one specimen, a female, is known, and 
this one is an old dirty specimen. This is probably not a species of 


324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 


Neobrotica. The third antennal joint is only half as long as the fourth. 
The head lacks a carina. Dr. Gerhard Scherer has made a detailed 
drawing of the front of the head. Until a male is found I cannot place 
this in a genus. The claws while not bifid have a longer basal tooth 
than is usual in the Neobrotica. 


Hystiopsis, new genus 


Elongate oblong oval, the head in both sexes with the lower front 
depressed below the antennal sockets, the antennae alike in both 
sexes, being filiform with the third and fourth joints subequal. Pro- 
notum with a well defined transverse sulcus. Elytra strongly costate 
with the intervals more or less coarsely and usually geminate striately 
punctate. Anterior coxal cavities open, tibiae with a spine at the 
end, anterior tibiae in the male usually enlarged and the first tarsal 
joint in the male usually thickened, first tarsal joint of hind legs 
longer than the others together, claws appendiculate. 

Type species: Crioceris marginalis Fabricius. 

Remarks: The genus is erected for a group of South American beetles 
that are closely related to Neobrotica, Eccoptopsis, and Hucerotoma. 
They have the strong elytral costae of Hucerotoma, but lack the sexual 
differences found in the excavated face and antennal joints of the male 
in both Eucerotoma and Eccoptopsis. They are closely related to 
Neobrotica but differ in the depressed lower front of the face. This 
depressed lower front is common to both sexes and not so definitely 
excavated as in Hucerotoma and Eccoptopsis. 

The name Hystiopsis is derived from the Greek verws, meaning 
“bent back,” and ’oyis, meaning “face.” 


Key to Species of Hystiopsis 


tap PICACDALCNOINOCCIPUD.: cytes ain dbs! aeihpoat om te toi ges wet tee Be aye tos cae Se eee 
Headtdark On. OCCIDUG 25030 &) 4a faiienes sc eps, eens ehirsneraon ts arene ate 

2. Elytra with a dark lateral vitta feat humerus to near apex and also a dark 
SUbUTAL Vibtaly) sek . . . marginalis (Fabricius) (p. 325) 
Elytra with a dark area about scutellum and three dark spots on each 

ely tron }.//..': . . . . exarata, new species (p. 338) 

3. Elytra dark with pale Piotao or faseis NMS. aac URS Ae ig; ice eee anes 4 
Elytra pale with dark spots, fasciae or vitta . < . . . . . - + = ~enane 

4. Prothorax pale with a dark median vitta . .  irritans, new species (p. 334) 
Prothoraxentirelynpales eels sk ease Me oeics sie) otic. dati faeel tem gne LAO 

5. Each elytron with three pale spots, the aoicalia one acne open at apex. . 6 
Each elytron with less than three spots. . .........-. veel: 

6. Apical spot common to both elytra. . . . . grossa, new species iG 337) 
Apical spot not common to both elytra . . maculata, new species (p. 334) 


7. Elytra with a narrow pale fascia below middle and no spots. 
zonata, new species (p. 333) 





NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 325 


Elytra with a pale fascia varying in width and on each elytron a basal spot 


also varyinginsize. ........... .. bella, newspecies (p. 332) 
memos enurely Gare: . . sivey aj 4: 2 cranraie new species (p. 326) 
Legs not entirely dark ..... BR eet Rear eercv ro 

9. Elytra with a lateral vitta from fanerus to oplea CUIVELS ewe ame see ta 
Elytra without a long lateral vitta .... ee Le 

10. Elytra with a median apical spot or short vitta . ecnenaiette new nape (p. 328) 
Elytra without an apical spot or vitta ... . erent trate lt 

11. Large (9mm.), Colombia. ...... . maxima, new ispecies (p. 335) 
Small (6 mm.), Trinidad ..... . . .  bryanti, new species (p. 331) 

12. Elytra pale with a dark spot on fete us and a dark apical area enclosing a 
PVE BPOUs ss. 2: . . . . . Dphaica, new species (p. 336) 
Elytra not with a dark eee area fenelestne aipale Spots Mk tec y ce asec peler 

13. Elytra with a wide basal fascia . ... . . flavipes, new ace (p. 329) 
Elytra without a wide basal fascia .. . SUF op ene Le 

14. Elytra with a wide apical fascia. . .. . ‘terminalis, new Tanebies (p. 328) 
Elytra without a wideapical fascia . 2.0. wi. wwe ee wee nls 
SPIGA ECR (SPINIMS iy ep ee als, sof a eu ey eshte megala, new species (p. 336) 
Smaller (5-7 mm.) . . Sheet Heel oak O 


16. Legs with apex of hind femora aad tibiae gna vara more or fleas dark. 
mapirii, new species (p. 331) 


Legs entirely pale. . ... suse ree, UF 
17. Elytra with a dark lateral vite extending below riddle and a sutural vitta 
at apex and large spot onside . . . . . beniensis, new species (p. 327) 


Elytra with a dark spot on humerus and a dark area about scutellum and a 
short vitta at side and spot in middle at apex . . mansei, new species (p. 330) 


Hystiopsis marginalis (Fabricius) 
Figure 70 
Crioceris marginalis Fabricius, Systema eleutheratorum, pt. 1, p. 454, 1801. 
Diabrotica marginalis (Fabricius).—Gemminger and Harold, Catalogus coleopter- 
orum, vol. 12, p. 3563, 1876.—Weise, in Schenkling, Coleopterorum catalogus, 
pt. 78, p. 38, 1924. 

About 6.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, dull alutaceous, 
each elytron with eight strong costae, the intervals geminate punctate; 
pale yellowish brown sometimes reddish brown, with deeper brown 
elytral markings in the shape of a wide vitta from the humerus nearly 
to the apex along the side, a narrow sutural vitta ending before the 
apex, a round basal spot along the side of the scutellum and a median 
spot near the apex of each elytron. 

Head with interocular space approximately half width of head, occi- 
put alutaceous and finely punctate, frontal tubercles not well marked, 
a little swollen and a median depression above them, an indistinct 
carina running down the lower front from between antennal sockets, 
lower front depressed; entirely pale reddish brown. Antennae long 
and slender, brownish with the three terminal joints paler. Prothorax 
a little wider than long with nearly straight sides, a transverse sulcus; 
dull alutaceous, finely punctate, pale reddish brown. Scutellum pale. 
Elytra with eight fairly strong costae on each elytron, the intervals 


326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 118 


being for the most part geminate striate punctate; explanate margin 
noticeably wide, surface dull and alutaceous; pale yellowish or reddish 
brown with dark brown or piceous markings, a broad lateral vitta 
extending from over humerus along the side nearly to the apex, a 
narrow sutural vitta which widens at apex, a roundish area on each 
side of the scutellum, another median roundish area near the apex. 
Body beneath entirely pale, legs with tibiae usually deeper brown on 
outside edge; in the male the front tibiae and first tarsal joint enlarged. 
Length 6.2-6.5 mm.; width 3 mm. 

Type in Fabricius collection, Copenhagen, Denmark, ‘Habitat in 
America meridionali, D. Smidt, Mus. D. Lund.” 

Other localities: Two specimens, John Wilcox collection, from Caura 
River, Suapure, Venezuela, collected April 7, 1899, by E. A. Klages; 
two females, Bowditch collection, MCZ, without labels; one female, 
BMNH, from Surinam (Dutch Guiana). 

Remarks: In markings this species closely resembles H. peruensis 
but the elytra are more strongly costate and the head is pale instead 
of being piceous. 


Hystiopsis nigriventris, new species 
Figure 79 

About 7 mm. in length, oblong oval, faintly shining, alutaceous, 
the elytra distinctly costate with geminate punctation in the intervals; 
head, breast and abdomen, tibiae and tarsi, and part of femora dark; 
prothorax and elytra pale yellow, the latter with a long humeral dark 
vitta extending almost to the middle of the elytra, the area about the 
scutellum also piceous, the suture widely piceous in the apical half 
joining with a lateral dark vitta extending from below the middle to 
the apex, leaving the margin pale. 

Head with interocular space half width of head, occiput finely punc- 
tate, alutaceous but shiny, frontal tubercles swollen and a median 
depression above them, lower front depressed, a fine elevated line down 
from between the antennal sockets; head entirely dark except the neck, 
antennae dark with the last three joints pale, the tip being dark. 
Prothorax considerably wider than long with nearly straight sides and 
a transverse depression, alutaceous, finely punctate, entirely pale 
yellow. Scutellum piceous. Elytra with 7 or 8 more or less distinct 
costae, the intervals being geminate punctate, alutaceous but feebly 
shining, pale yellow, a piceous marking extending from humerus along 
side nearly to the middle, and another along side from below the middle 
to apex and uniting there with a broad sutural vitta, the margin pale; 
another piceous marking extending from about scutellum down the 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE SLT 


suture nearly to the middle, the intervals between that and the apical 
sutural dark area being very narrowly piceous. Body beneath with 
the breast piceous and abdomen dark brown, femora dark above and 
at apex, tibiae and tarsi dark. Length 6.8 mm.; width 3.5 mm. 


Type, female, CAS, from the valley of the Rio Monzon, Tingo, 
Maria, Peru, collected by E. I. Schlinger and E. S. Ross, Dec. 2, 1954. 

Remarks: This is an unusually dark colored species, but very similar 
to H. peruensis with slightly different markings. 


Hystiopsis beniensis, new species 
Figure 86 


Between 5.5 and 7.5 mm. in length, oblong oval, somewhat shiny 
although alutaceous, the elytra strongly costate with the intervals 
geminate striate punctate; pale yellow brown, the head on top and 
sometimes below shining piceous, the elytra with a piceous lateral 
vitta extending part way down the side to below the middle, a short 
sutural vitta not reaching the middle, a large spot at the apical curve 
on each elytron and ashort apical sutural vitta; breast piceous, legs pale. 

Head with the interocular space about half its width, occiput 
polished, finely punctate, frontal tubercles somewhat swollen with a 
median depression above, lower front depressed; piceous, sometimes 
the lower front pale or in part pale. Antennae deep brown to piceous 
with the terminal three joints pale, tip of last joint dark. Prothorax 
a little wider than long, with slightly curved sides and a transverse de- 
pression, alutaceous and in places densely and finely punctate; pale 
yellow brown. Scutellum tending to be pale, sometimes dark brown. 
_ Each elytron with 7 or 8 costae, the intervals being geminate striate 
punctate, pale yellow brown with a wide piceous lateral vitta extend- 
ing not quite to middle, and another shorter sutural one near the apex, 
and a large spot at apical curve. Body beneath pale with the breast 
shining piceous, legs pale. Length 5.7-7.5 mm.; width 3.2-3.7 mm. 

Type, female, MCZ 30680; two paratypes, one USNM, one MCZ; 
all from Salinas, Beni River, collected by M. Stuart, July 1895. 
There are also five specimens, all females, from Cochabamba, Bolivia, 
collected by Germain; specimens from Siamas and Rurrenabaque, 
Rio Beni, Bolivia collected by W. M. Mann, October 1922, from 
Loma Alta, Bolivia, collected by Pinckert, May 21, 1957; Misiones 
Province, Argentina, Monros’ collection, USNM. 

Remarks: Bowditch has attached the manuscript name beniensis to 
_ this species. It is closely related to H. marginalis (Fabricius) and 
_ others with the front of the face depressed and the elytra strongly 

costate. 


328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Hystiopsis peruensis, new species 
FIGURE 69 


About 6.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining although 
faintly alutaceous, the elytra distinctly costate with geminate striate 
punctation in the intervals between; pale yellow with the head dark 
brown to the pale mouthparts, elytra with a broad metallic blue vitta 
running from the humerus down the side, a short sutural vitta below 
the scutellum and a median elongate spot before the apex on each 
elytron. 

Head with interocular space about half width of head, occiput 
polished, with a few fine punctures, frontal tubercles somewhat swollen 
and a shallow median depression above; lower front somewhat de- 
pressed, a faint trace of median carina from between the antennal 
sockets; head dark brown except for pale yellow mouthparts. Anten- 
nae brown with the three terminal joints paler. Prothorax somewhat 
wider than long with nearly straight sides and a transverse depression ; 
surface shining although faintly alutaceous and with scattered punc- 
tures; entirely pale yellow. Scutellum pale. Elytra with seven or 
eight pronounced costae and in the intervals between these shallow 
and rather coarse geminate striate punctation, pale yellow with a 
broad metallic blue vitta covering the humerus and extending down 
the side to apical curve; another short sutural vitta running down a 
little way below the scutellum, and an elongate median spot near the 
apex. Body beneath and legs entirely pale. Length 6.5 mm.; width 
3.5 mm. 

Type, female, Bowditch collection, MCZ 30681, from “Peru.” 

Remarks: Bowditch has attached the manuscript name peruensis 
to this species. Only one specimen is known, but it is clearly closely 
related to H. marginalis (Fabricius) and others with the lower front 
of the face somewhat depressed and without distinct carina and with 
costate elytra. 


Hystiopsis terminalis, new species 
FIGURE 71 


About 6 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, moderately shiny 
although alutaceous, the elytra strongly costate with the intervals 
geminate striate punctate, pale yellowish brown, the head with a dark 
occiput, the elytra with dark piceous vittae along the side and suture 
not reaching the middle, and a wide dark apical fascia, breast dark; 
head depressed in front in the male. 

Head with the interocular space less than half width of head, eyes 
prominent, occiput shining piceous, finely punctate, a median depres- 
sion over the poorly marked frontal tubercles and the lower front 
depressed with a ridge on either side below the antennal sockets, 





NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 329 


carina only visible between the antennal sockets, lower front pale 
yellow. Antennae yellowish brown with joints five to eight a little 
deeper in color. Prothorax with slightly curved sides and a transverse 
sulcus, yellowish brown. Scutellum bicolored. Elytra wider towards 
the apex, strongly costate with the intervals geminate striate punctate, 
pale yellowish brown with a wide piceous vitta from the humerus down 
the side not reaching the middle, a common sutural vitta of about the 
same length, and a wide dark apical band, the apex pale. Body 
beneath and legs pale, the breast dark. Anterior tibiae and tarsi in 
male much swollen, middle and hind tibiae with a spine. Length 6 
mm., width 3 mm. 

Type, male, BMNH, Baly collection, from the upper Amazon. 

Remarks: The elytral markings are slightly different from any 
other species of Hystiopsis. 


Hystiopsis flavipes, new species 
FIGURE 73 


Between 6.5 and 7.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, somewhat 
shiny although alutaceous, the elytra strongly costate with the inter- 
vals between geminate striate punctate, pale yellow brown with a 
piceous head and broad piceous fascia across base of elytra and two 
large piceous spots at apex not quite meeting at the suture, other 
specimens less heavily marked; antennae with the intermediate 
joints darker. 

Head with the interocular space fully half as wide as head, frontal 
tubercles not very well marked and a depression above; in the male 
no sign of a carina, the area below the antennal sockets depressed; in 
the female not quite so depressed with a fine line scarcely at all 
elevated marking the usual carina, below the depression the lower 
front a little bulging; occiput shiny and finely punctate, head shiny 
piceous down to the paler mouthparts. Antennae with the basal three 
and terminal four joints pale yellow brown, the middle joints deeper 
brown. Prothorax considerably wider than long with nearly straight 
sides and a transverse depression, strongly and moderately densely 
punctate, entirely pale. Scutellum pale. Elytra with seven or eight 
costae on each elytron, the intervals being more or less geminate 
striate punctate; surface faintly alutaceous, a broad piceous fascia in 
basal half not reaching the middle; in one specimen with a narrow pale 
median area near the base, and another fascia divided into two spots 
by the suture near the apex; in one specimen the basal fascia only a 
humeral and sutural elongate spot. Body beneath pale with the 
breast dark, legs pale, front tibiae and first tarsal joint of the male not 
enlarged, a spine at the apex of tibiae, claws appendiculate. Length 
6.5-7.6 mm.; width 3.3-3.9 mm. 


330 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Type, male, John A. Wilcox collection, from Caura River, Suapure, 
Venezuela, collected by E. A. Klages, March 20 and April 14, 1899; 
paratype, female, USNM; one female specimen, MCZ, from Rio 
Madeira, Brazil, collected by Mann and Baker. 

Remarks: In the more heavily marked specimens this species 
resembles Neobrotica coeruleofasciata Jacoby but that species is not so 
strongly costate and has metallic colored spots and is somewhat 
smaller. The head of N. coeruleofasciata has no such depression in 
the lower front as in this species. 


Hystiopsis mansei, new species 
FIGURE 83 


About 6.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the elytra 
strongly costate, the intervals geminate punctate; pale yellow brown, 
the head piceous with paler mouthparts; the elytra with piceous or 
dark blue spots on humerus, about scutellum and along side at apical 
curve and another spot near the suture at apex, breast dark. 

Head with interocular space about half width of head, occiput 
smooth, shiny, finely punctate, frontal tubercles not very distinct, 
but swollen, a median depression above, no carina down front, the 
lower front depressed, the head piceous except for the light brownish 
neck below and paler mouthparts. Antennae reddish brown with 
the three terminal joints paler, tip of last joint dark. Prothorax 
considerably wider than long with nearly straight sides and a trans- 
verse depression, a few fine punctures, otherwise smooth, shining, 
pale. Scutellum pale. Each elytron with 7 distinct costae, the 
intervals being geminate punctate; surface faintly alutaceous, shiny, 
pale yellow brown with a piceous spot on humerus, a piceous marking 
about scutellum, running down the suture a short way, an elongate 
piceous spot at the apical curve and another near the suture at 
apex of each elytron, these dark markings sometimes with a dark 
blue or violaceous lustre. Body beneath pale with the breast dark, 
legs pale. Length 6.5-7 mm.; width 3.5 mm. 

Type, female, Bowditch collection, MCZ 30682, from Rio Manse, 
Amazon, collected by Staudinger, 1st Jacoby collection; one paratype, 
female, USNM, from same locality; four specimens, BMNH, two 
from the Amazon region, one from Rio Purus, collected Dec. 9, 1874, 
and one from Barreiras das Araras, Amazon, collected by R. Solimoes, 
Nov. 15, 1874; one specimen, John A. Wilcox collection, from Caura 
River, Suapure, Venezuela, collected by E. A. Klages, April 1899. 

Remarks: Bowditch has attached the manuscript name of mansez 
to this species which is another of those with a depressed lower front | 
of the face and strongly costate elytra. It is closely related to 
H. marginalis (Fabricius). 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 331 


Hystiopsis bryanti, new species 
Figure 72 


About 6 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the elytra 
with many flat costae, the interstices being geminate striate punctate, 
yellow brown with the occiput of the head piceous, a brown lateral 
vitta interrupted before the apex on the elytra, and a brown area 
about scutellum. 

Head with the interocular space half width of head, frontal tubercles 
swollen but not very definitely marked, a median depression above 
them, carina a thin line down front, lower front depressed, punctate, 
tan colored, the occiput and mouthparts piceous. Antennae brownish 
with the three basal and three apical joints paler. Prothorax almost 
rectangular, the sides slightly curved, a shallow transverse sulcus, 
shiny, impunctate, yellowish brown. Scutellum yellowish brown. 
Elytra shining and with many low costae, the intervals being ir- 
regularly and rather coarsely geminate-striately punctate, yellowish 
brown with deeper brown lateral markings and a narrow brown area 
surrounding the scutellum. Body beneath and legs pale, the breast 
piceous, middle and hind tibiae with a spine. Length 6 mm.; width 
3 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH, from Trinidad, collected by G. E. Bryant, 
March 1903. 

Remarks: Only one specimen, a female, is known. The coloration 
is unlike any of the other species. It is less strongly costate than 
most of the group, but the costae are still apparent. It differs from 
H. marginalis (Fabricius) in having a dark instead of pale occiput 
and not so long antennae. 


Hystiopsis mapirii, new species 
FiaurE 85 


About 5 mm. in length, oblong oval, somewhat shiny although 
alutaceous, the elytra strongly costate; pale yellow, the head piceous 
down to antennal sockets, elytra with a short reddish brown vitta 
along the side below the humerus and a spot at the apical curve, suture 
about scutellum and below faintly reddish brown and another faint 
darkening near the apex, breast brown, tibiae and tarsi brownish. 

Head with the interocular space approximately half width of head, 
occiput finely punctate, frontal tubercles not clearly marked but 
swollen and with a median depression above; lower front depressed and 
without any trace of carina, the top of head down to antennal sockets 
shining piceous, lower front pale yellow with the mouthparts tipped 
with brown. Antennae pale, except the dark tip of the terminal joint. 
Prothorax not twice as broad as long with somewhat curved sides and 
a transverse depression; surface alutaceous, finely punctate and en- 

782-220—66——_5 


oor PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


tirely pale yellow. Scutellumtancolored. Elytrastrongly costate with 
the intervals geminate striate punctate; surface alutaceous, somewhat 
shiny, pale yellow with a lateral brown stripe running down the side 
but not reaching the middle, and a brownish spot at the apical curve 
of each elytron, the suture brownish about and below the scutellum 
and near apex. Body beneath pale with a brown breast and the 
tibiae and tarsi and apex of hind femora brown. Length 4.7 mm.; 
width 2.2 mm. 

Type, female, Bowditch collection, MCZ 30683, from Mapiri River, 
Guanay, Bolivia, 1500 ft., August 1895. 


Remarks: This is the smallest as well as palest of the species with 
the depressed lower front of the face. Bowditch has attached the 
manuscript name mapiri to it. 


Hystiopsis bella, new species 
Fiaurss 75, 77, 78 


About 5.5 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, although finely 
alutaceous, elytra strongly costate, antennae dark except the last 
two or three joints, head dark over occiput, pale in lower front, thorax 
and body beneath except the breast pale yellow, the femora pale with 
a dark apex, tibiae and tarsi more or less dark, elytra with a pale margin 
and dark piceous within, on each elytron a pale spot in the basal half 
variable in size and a pale fascia, varying in width, below the middle. 


Head with interocular space approximately half width of head, a 
shallow median depression above the somewhat swollen frontal 
tubercles, the upper half of head deep piceous, alutaceous although 
shiny with fine punctation, lower front depressed, without carina and 
with two transverse ridges, one on either side, lower face pale, mouth- 
parts tinged with brown. Antennae long, slender, dark brown except 
the terminal joints which are pale, the last joint tipped with brown. 
Prothorax nearly twice as wide as long with slightly curved sides and 
a transverse depression, alutaceous, finely punctate, entirely pale 
yellow. Scutellum tan colored. Elytra not very convex, each with 7 
or 8 more or less distinct costae, the intervals having irregularly striate 
punctation; surface alutaceous but shiny, deep piceous with a pale 
margin and in the basal part a pale spot, sometimes enlarged to reach 
the base, and a broad pale fascia below the middle that occasionally is 
narrowed and sometimes does not reach the margin. Body beneath 
pale with a brown breast, the femora pale with dark apices, hind tibiae 
and tarsi more or less dark, in one specimen the legs entirely pale. 
Length 5.5-5.7 mm.; width 2.8—3 mm. 

Type, male, USNM 66838; two paratypes, females, all from Loma 
Alta, Bolivia, collected by G. Pinckert, March 21, 1957. Other speci- 





NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 333 


mens from Cochabamba and Beni River, Salinas, Bolivia, collected 
by M. Stuart, July 1895. 

Remarks: There is considerable variation in the markings of this 
species. One specimen has entirely pale legs, in others the variation in 
the pale terminal joints of the antennae is noticeable, and the elytral 
markings vary to the extent that the basal spot may be so large as to 
leave only a narrow sutural and lateral dark vitta; the fascia below the 
middle varies from a narrow to a wide band. Bowditch has attached 
the manuscript name bella to this species. 


Hystiopsis zonata, new species 
Ficure 76 

About 6 mm. in length, oblong oval, feebly shining, the elytra 
strongly costate with the intervals striately punctate, the head down 
to antennal sockets piceous, pale yellow in lower front, antennae 
brown with the apical joints paler; prothorax pale, elytra piceous 
with a pale margin and a pale transverse fascia below the middle; 
body beneath pale with the breast dark, femora pale with a dark 
streak; tibiae and tarsi piceous. 

Head with the interocular space about half width of head, occiput 
finely punctate, a median depression above frontal tubercles, no carina 
down lower front but the lower front depressed with a small trans- 
verse ridge on either side under the antennal sockets. Occiput to 
antennal sockets piceous, lower front pale yellow, mouthparts brown. 
Antennae brown with the apical joint pale and its tip dark. Prothorax 
not twice as broad as long with slightly curved sides and a transverse 
depression, entirely pale. Scutellum piceous. Elytra strongly costate, 
the intervals with striate, sometimes geminate punctation, alutaceous, 
feebly shining; dark piceous with a feeble violaceous blue lustre, 
the margin pale yellow and a transverse pale fascia below the middle. 
Body beneath pale with a piceous breast, femora pale with a dark 
streak above and the hind femora with a dark apex; tibiae and 
tarsi more or less dark, in the male the front tibiae thickened and the 
first tarsal joint long and wide. Length 6.2 mm.; width 3 mm. 

Type, male, CAS, from Valley of the Monzon, Tingo Maria, Peru, 
collected by E. I. Schlinger and E. S. Ross, Sept. 18, 1954. 

Remarks: The similarity of all these species with the depressed 
lower front of the face makes the group as homogeneous as the species 
of Eucerotoma, a group of larger beetles with stronger costae and 
more developed male characters. This species is a little larger than 
H. bella, and the male has more strongly dilated first front tarsal 
joints, 


334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Hystiopsis maculata, new species 
Ficure 81 


About 6.5 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, the elytra strongly 
costate with the intervals geminate striate punctate; head, antennae, 
undersurface, tibiae and tarsi and part of the femora dark; elytra 
dark with large roundish pale spots, three down the middle of each 
elytron and an elongate one below the humerus on the side and 
margin. 

Head with the interocular space more than half width of head, 
occiput polished, impunctate, the tubercles swollen, a depression 
above them, lower front depressed without carina, a thin median line 
down the front on each side of which the surface wrinkled and with 
a few punctures, the head dark except a pale line along the labrum and 
the neck beneath also pale. Antennae long and slender, piceous with 
the three terminal joints deep brown. Prothorax almost twice as 
wide as long, widely sulcate across, alutaceous and finely punctate, 
entirely pale. Scutellum dark. Each elytron with 8 costae, the 
intervals with geminate striate punctures, shining, piceous, with three 
large roundish pale spots down the middle of each elytron and an 
elongate pale spot along the margin below the humerus; apex and 
epipleura pale. Body beneath with the breast and abdomen dark, 
basal part of femora pale, tibiae and tarsi dark, all tibiae with a 
spine. Length 6.5 mm.; width 2.5 mm. 

Type, female, USNM 66839, from Campinas, Brazil, collected by 
P. A. Berry, March 19, 1939. 

Remarks: This is closely related to the preceding species found 
in Peru and Bolivia, H. bella and H. zonata. 


Hystiopsis irritams, new species 
Ficure 80 


About 5.5 mm. in length, oblong oval, faintly shining, alutaceous, 
the elytra strongly costate with the intervals geminate striate punc- 
tate, depressed along the suture below the scutellum, pale with the 
antennae except the terminal joints dark, the occiput dark, tibiae 
and tarsi dark, a dark streak along the femora, the pronotum with a 
dark median vitta, the elytra dark except for a large pale median spot 
not joined at the suture and a pale apical area. 


Head with the interocular space about half width of the head, the 
occiput finely punctate, tubercles prominent, lower front depressed 
and rugose, front pale, occiput and mouthparts dark. Antennae 
long and dark with the three apical joints pale, no difference in the 
sexes. Prothorax almost rectangular, with only slightly curved sides, 
a well marked transverse sulcus but not so deeply carved as in 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 335 


Eucerotoma; surface alutaceous and with scattered fine punctation; 
pale yellow with a broad median piceous vitta extending the length 
of pronotum and narrowed at the base. Scutellum dark. Each 
elytron with 8 distinct costae and the intervals geminate striate 
punctate; black with faint purplish lustre, in the middle of each elytron 
a large pale spot not reaching the suture or margin and another pale 
area along the apical margin to the apical curve. Body beneath with 
the abdomen and most of the breast dark, but the forepart of the breast 
pale, the mesothorax dark in the middle. Legs with the femora pale 
except for a dark streak on the apex, the tibiae and tarsi mostly 
dark. Front tibiae of the male and the first tarsal joint enlarged. 
Length 5-6 mm. 

Type, male; one paratype, female; both in Zoologische Sammlung 
des Bayerischen Staates, Munich, Germany, from Guayaramerin, 150 
m., Beni Gebiet, Bolivia, collected by W. Forster, 1954. 

Remarks: Bechyne has labelled this as a new species of Hucerotoma 
and attached the specific name irritans to a specimen in the zoo- 
logical collection at Munich. I have been unable to find that the 
name has ever been published. It does not belong to the genus 
Eucerotoma as it does not have the sexual characteristics shown in 
that genus, consisting of the excavate face and enlarged third and 
fourth antennal jomts of the male. Neither do the elytral costae 
resemble the much stronger costae of Hucerotoma, and the sulcus 
across the pronotum has none of the intaglio-like carved impression 
of that genus. It belongs rather with the group found mainly in 
Peru and Bolivia with a depressed lower front of the head not dif- 
fering in the sexes. 


Hystiopsis maxima, new species 
FIGuRE 88 


Approximately 9 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shiny, the 
elytra strongly costate with geminate striate punctation in the in- 
tervals, pale yellow brown with a piceous head and the elytra with 
a metallic blue green lateral vitta and a shorter sutural vitta. 

Head with interocular space approximately half width of head, 
occiput with a median depression over the frontal tubercles, lower 
front depressed and without a carina (no male examined); entirely 
piceous. Antennae long, pale, with the intermediate joints a little 
browner. Prothorax with slightly curved sides and a shallow trans- 
verse sulcus, reddish brown. Scutellum reddish brown. Elytra 
strongly costate with the intervals with geminate striate punctures, 
pale yellow brown with a greenish or bluish lateral vitta extending 
from the humerus to apical curve, and a shorter sutural dark vitta 
extending a little below the middle. Body beneath and legs pale, 


336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


breast piceous, a spine on all the tibiae. Length 9.2 mm.; width 
4.4 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH, from New Grenada (Colombia). 

Remarks: Only the female is known, but the size and markings 
differentiate it from related species. It is larger and more strongly 
costate than H. bryanti from Trinidad. 


Hystiopsis megala, new species 
FIGURE 82 


Between 8 and 9 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, somewhat 
shiny, the elytra strongly costate and the front of the head depressed, 
pale yellow brown with the head mostly piceous except about the 
mouthparts, the elytra with a dark vitta down the suture and another 
down the side, not reaching the middle, sometimes a median spot 
and also a larger apical spot often with a similar one beside it on 
each elytron, the breast tending to be dark. 

Head with the interocular space less than half width of head, 
occiput finely punctate, a depression above frontal tubercles, lower 
front depressed, head piceous except about mouthparts, often only 
the jaws pale and the labrum sometimes also pale. Antennae red- 
dish brown (terminal joints missing). Prothorax somewhat rectang- 
ular with slightly curved sides and often not a very conspicuous 
transverse sulcus, yellowish or reddish brown, finely punctate. Scu- 
tellum pale. Elytra wider towards apex, strongly costate with the 
intervals having geminate striate punctures, pale with dark markings, 
sometimes with a metallic lustre, a vitta from base covering humerus 
down the side and another from about the scutellum down the suture, 
neither reaching the middle, sometimes a median spot opposite the 
end of these and near the apex a large median spot, sometimes broken 
into two spots. Body beneath pale with the breast darker, often 
only along the sides, legs entirely pale; a spine on middle and hind 
tibiae. Length 8-9 mm.; width 4.2-4.4 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH, Fry collection, from Ecuador, collected by 
Buckley; another female labelled “Cuenca” [Ecuador], and a third 
female, Baly collection, without any locality label. 

Remarks: This is as large as H. maxima, but with a slightly dif- 
ferent elytral pattern. 


Hystiopsis phaica, new species 
Figure 87 


About 7.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, moderately shiny, 
the elytra costate, the intervals geminate striate punctate, pale yel- 
lowish brown with the head piceous and mouthparts somewhat paler, 
antennae with the intermediate joints dark, the elytra having a dark 





NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 337 


spot on the humerus, the apex dark with 2 round pale spots in the 
middle, tibiae and tarsi dark. 

Head with the interocular space half width of head, occiput shiny, 
finely punctate, a depression over the frontal tubercles, lower front 
depressed, without carina, piceous, except about the jaws. Antennae 
pale with the intermediate joints deeper brown. Terminal joints 
missing. Prothorax with a transverse sulcus, alutaceous, finely punc- 
tate, pale yellow. Scutellum pale. Elytra shrunken as specimen is 
immature, but still with signs of costae discernible, and the punctures 
in the intervals geminate striate, pale yellowish brown with a small 
spot on the humerus and at the apex a dark band with 2 median 
round pale spots. Body beneath pale with the breast dark; tibiae 
and tarsi more or less dark. Length 7.4 mm.; width 3.5 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH, from Cuenca, Ecuador. 

Remarks: The elytral color pattern of this species is unlike that of 
any other examined. 


Hystiopsis grossa, new species 
FIGuRE 84 


Between 8 and 10 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, although 
faintly alutaceous, the elytra with 7 or 8 feeble costae and with rather 
coarse geminate striate punctures in the intervals; pale yellow brown 
with a piceous head and dark intermediate joints of the antennae, 
the elytra dark with metallic green or purplish lustre, the margin, 
apex and four spots pale yellow brown, in one specimen the apical 
two spots coalesce at the suture; breast, tibiae and tarsi dark. 

Head with the interocular space approximately half the width of 
the head, a median depression above the rather swollen but in- 
distinctly marked frontal tubercles, occiput alutaceous and finely 
punctate, the lower front smooth, shining black, with very little 
evidence of a carina in the female (no males examined), and in some 
specimens the lower front somewhat concave; antennae long, the 
three basal and three terminal joints pale. Prothorax broad but not 
twice as wide as long with slightly curved sides and a rather shallow 
transverse depression; surface shining although alutaceous, finely 
punctate, entirely pale. Scutellum pale. Each elytron with 7 or 
8 distinct costae, the intervals tending to be geminate-striate 
punctate; surface alutaceous but somewhat shiny metallic green with 
four large pale yellow spots, two on each elytron, the ones below the 
middle in one specimen coalescing at the suture, apex widely pale and 
the margin pale. Body beneath pale with the breast dark, femora 
pale, tibiae and tarsi brownish, all tibiae with spines, anterior coxal 
cavities open, claws appendiculate. Length 7.5-9.8 mm., width 
4—5 mm. 


338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Type, female, MCZ 30684; two paratypes, females, (one USNM); 
all from Cachabé [labelled “low c.’”’], Province Esmeraldas, Western 
Ecuador, approximately 500 ft., collected by Rosenberg, December 
1896; one female, BMNH, Baly collection, without locality label. 


Remarks: The large size and the dark elytra with the pale spots 
make this species easily recognized. Most of the species of this 
genus have been collected in the Andes or from the eastern side of 
the Andes, but this was taken in western Ecuador in the low country. 


Hystiopsis exarata, new species 
FicuRE 74 


Between 4.5 and 7 mm. in length, oblong oval, faintly shining, the 
elytra costate with the intervals geminate striate punctate, pale yellow 
brown with piceous tibiae and tarsi; the elytra often with metallic blue 
or purplish markings on the humerus, below the scutellum along the 
suture, a large spot on each elytron slightly below the middle and a 
smaller spot at the apical curve, these markings often evanescent in 
part or enlarged to form three fasciae across the elytra. 


Head with the interocular space a little more than half the width of 
the head, occiput alutaceous and finely punctate, the frontal tubercles 
swollen, a median depression above, no carina down the lower front but 
sometimes a median elevated line, the lower front depressed, entirely 
pale yellowish brown. Antennae brown with the three basal and three 
terminal joints pale. Prothorax nearly twice as wide as long with 
curved sides and a transverse sulcus, shining, impunctate, pale 
yellow brown. Scutellum pale. Elytra costate, the intervals with 
coarse geminate-striate punctures, finely alutaceous but somewhat 
shiny, pale yellow brown with often pale metallic blue or purplish 
markings consisting of a spot covering the humerus, a long spot on 
each side of the scutellum and a little way down the suture, a large spot 
nearly across the elytra but usually not joined at the suture in the 
middle, and a lateral spot near the apex, the suture narrowly dark at 
this point; these markings sometimes enlarged to form three fasciae 
across the elytra, or again the spots in part evanescent. Body beneath 
pale with the breast sometimes darker, femora pale, tibiae and tarsi 
dark. All tibiae with a spine. Length 4.5-7 mm.; width 2-3.7 mm. 

Type, female, MCZ 30685, from Brazil. 

Remarks: This species is represented mostly by females, only one 
male being examined, most are very old specimens. ‘There is one 
specimen, USNM, from Buenos Aires, ten specimens, BMNH, all 
from Bahia and Rio de Janerio, Brazil. The most recent specimen 
found was collected by G. E. Bryant at Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro, 
May 8, 1912. The only male examined does not show any head or 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 339 


antennal differences from the female. On two old specimens of 
the British Museum is the Dejean Catalogue name ‘‘Cerotoma exarata.” 


Eccoptopsis, new genus 


Elongate oblong oval, the head with the eyes widely set and the face 
of the male more or less deeply excavated, often with spines, the third 
and fourth antennal joints in the male usually swollen and always 
excavated at the adjoining ends. Antennae in the female with the 
third joint usually longer than the fourth, rarely equal, never shorter. 
Prothorax with a more or less distinct transverse sulcus, sometimes 
only marked by a depression on each side. Elytra usually with distinct 
costae, but in some species only feeble traces of costae, the punctation 
in the intervals being geminate striate. Anterior coxal cavities open, 
the tibiae with a spine, the first tarsal joint of the middle and hind legs 
long, claws appendiculate. 

Type species: Neobrotica denticornis Jacoby. 

Remarks: This genus has been erected for some species that have 
been assigned to the genus Neobrotica but which are in reality inter- 
mediate between that genus and Hucerotoma. They resemble both 
Cerotoma and Eucerotoma in the development of the sexual charac- 
teristics of the male in having the face excavated and the third and 
fourth antennal joints cut out. In the female the third antennal joint 
is usually longer than the fourth, rarely equal to it, and never shorter. 
There is considerable variation in the extent of development of these 
male characters. In some species, such as Neobrotica denticornis 
Jacoby, the face and antennae resemble species of Cerotoma or 
Eucerotoma. In two other species, one of them Neobrotica cavifrons 
Jacoby, there is a different modification of the antennal joints as well 
as differences in the face in the male. And in three South American 
species, the third and fourth antennal joints are only slightly swollen, 
but have the excavation at the adjoining ends, and the face is only 
shallowly excavate but with spines. 

This genus is distinguished from Cerotoma by having the anterior 
coxal cavities open; from Eucerotoma it is distinguished by having the 
elytra usually considerably less costate and the prothorax with a 
transverse sulcus, like that found in Neobrotica, not so deeply carved 
as in Hucerotoma. It is distinguished from Neobrotica and Hystiopsis 
by the development of the male characters in the antennae and face. 
And it is distinguished from Eucerotoma, Neobrotica and Hystiopsis 
by having the third antennal joint in the female longer than (rarely 
equal to) the fourth joint, never shorter as is the case in Hucerotoma, 
Neobrotica and Hystiopsis. 

The name Eccoptopsis is derived from the Greek exxorrw, meaning 
“cut out” and ’oys, meaning ‘‘face.”’ 


340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Key to Species of Eccoptopsis 


1. Elytra entirely dark except'the margin’... {3021s 3 oy os ee 
Hlytra not; entirely ‘dark’ 200.) 6s, <<, is) sis psec seh ego oe 
2. Elytra strongly costate, Brazil . . . cyanocosmesa, new species (p. 346) 
Elytra only feebly costate, Argentina . argentinensis, new species (p. 347) 
3. Elytra dark with four pale spots . . quadrimaculata, new species (p. 350) 
Elytra not’ dark ‘with four pale spots. 2.02250) 4. 2 3\) 2) eee 
4. -Elytra ‘with a basal’and an apical fascia. '. 4.1.05 2 3.0) /si%3, 4 72 
Elytra not with.a basal and an apical fascia... ... .. 9. 5 .).\ 0h eean 6 
5. Prothorax twice as wide as long, Costa Rica . laticollis, new species (p. 342) 
Prothorax not twice as wide as long, Peru. ._ clara, new species (p. 344) 
6. Elytra distinctly and usually strongly costate .........2.4..7 
Hlytra.at mostonly feebly costate =." \. 7. 2's 27s he eG 
7. Occiput of head piceous, Costa Rica .  costaricensis, new species (p. 341) 
Occiput of head pale ..... } aller eearls Sees 


8. Prothorax approximately twice as mae a as iocee Bola: 
boliviensis, new species (p. 343) 
Prothorax not twice as wide as long, Central America. 
denticornis (Jacoby) (p. 340) 
9. Third and fourth antennal joints in male not noticeably enlarged and 
inconspicuously excised at adjoining ends. 
piceofasciata, new species (p. 345) 
Third and fourth antennal joints in male much widened and much excised 
at adjoining ends ..... 2 at stat sega O 
10. Elytra pale with a lateral dark rita (orn Pamerust 40 apioal curve and a 
short sutural vitta to the middle and on each elytron three spots in a row 
between vittae ... . . Mexicana, new species (p. 348) 
Elytra mostly dark with a ie median vitta that turns horizontally to the 
margin and at apex another pale curving ring enclosing a dark sutural 
Spot. <5 % ss soe 8. « ss @ es « « (Cavifrons Gacoby). (oe 


Eccoptopsis denticornis (Jacoby) 
Figure 91 


Neobrotica denticornis Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Amer- 
icana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 578, 1887. 

About 6 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, the elytra strongly 
costate, pale yellow with deep brownish or even piceous markings 
across the elytra in the shape of a humeral spot, a spot common to 
both elytra below the scutellum on the suture, a band across the middle 
sometimes interrupted at the suture, and another before the apex, 
sometimes lunate or sometimes abbreviated to a spot on each elytron. 
Antennae in the male with the third and fourth joints deformed, 
much swollen and excavated at adjoining ends, and the head with 
the front excavated and having odd developments in the shape of 
shelving and spines. 

Head with the interocular space more than half width of head, the 
frontal tubercles swollen and a median depression above them, lower 
front in female slightly excavate and with no trace of a carina down 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 341 


the front, in the male there is a similar lack of carina, the front directly 
below the antennal sockets being scooped out and on either side a 
projecting shelf curving downwards over a deeply excavated lower 
front, on each side of which is a strongly curved long spine. Antennae 
in the female with the third joint longer than the fourth, in the male 
with the third joint swollen and excavate at the apex, the fourth 
joint excavated at the end joining the third and somewhat swollen, 
similar to the development in species of Cerotoma, pale with the 
intermediate joints brownish and the three terminal joints pale yellow. 
Prothorax not twice as broad as long, somewhat rectangular, with 
the sides slightly curved, almost straight in some specimens, and a 
well developed transverse sulcus, shining, finely punctate. Scutellum 
pale. Elytra shining, strongly costate, the intervals with coarse 
geminate-striate punctation, pale yellow with reddish brown to 
piceous markings, a humeral spot, a spot below scutellum common to 
both elytra, a fascia that may be broken into spots across the middle 
and another before the apex, the last frequently lunate in shape or 
sometimes reduced to a spot. Body beneath entirely pale, the 
femora pale, tibiae and tarsi brownish, all tibiae with a spine, claws 
appendiculate, anterior coxal cavities open. Length 6-6.5 mm.; 
width 3.3-3.5 mm. 

Type, male, BMNH, from Chontales, Nicaragua, collected by Janson. 

Other localities: Cubilguitz, Vera Pas, and Paso Antonio, Guate- 
mala, 400 ft., collected by Champion. Punta Garda, British Hon- 
duras, collected by Peck, Sept. 10-20, 1906. Trinidad River, Panama, 
collected by A. Busck, May 6, 1911; Porto Bello, Panama, collected 
by E. A. Schwartz, May 1, 1911, and by A. Busck, Feb. 18, 1912; 
Cabima, Panama, collected by A. Busck, May 27, 1911. Ciricito, 
Canal Zone, collected by R. E. Blackwelder, March 1930. 


Eccoptopsis costaricensis, new species 
Fiaure 89 


About 8 mm. in length, oblong oval, somewhat shiny; in the male 
the front of the head excavated and the third and fourth antennal 
joints swollen and excavated at adjoining ends, the prothorax deeply 
suleate, the elytra with feeble costae and with shallow geminate- 
striate punctation between the costae, pale yellow brown with the 
head on top piceous, the elytra with reddish brown markings. 

Head with interocular space approximately half width of head, a 
deep median depression above the frontal tubercles, occiput piceous, 
this deep color decreasing in lower front so that the mouthparts are 
yellowish brown; under each antennal socket in the male a broadly 
rounded shelf with long hairs, beneath which the lower front is deeply 
excavated, and on each side a long curved spine. Antennae in the 


342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


male with a very long basal joint, a short compressed second joint, 
the third joint swollen and excavated near the apex, the fourth joint 
swollen and excavated in the basal portion, remaining joints long and 
slender (the last three missing), pale yellow brown with the first 
three on the outside touched with deep piceous. In the female the 
third joint is approximately equal to the fourth. Prothorax nearly 
twice as wide as long with slightly rounded sides and a deep transverse 
sulcus, entirely yellowish brown, nearly impunctate. Scutellum 
pale. Elytra wider in apical half, rather depressed with a short 
intrahumeral sulcus and feeble costae, the intervals being obsoletely 
geminate-striate punctate; pale yellow brown with reddish brown 
markings on the humerus, about scutellum and a little way down the 
suture, a broad fascia before the middle not extending to the suture 
and a rounded half circle of two spots before the apex on each elytron. 
Body beneath yellow brown with the breast deep reddish brown, 
legs entirely pale; first tarsal joint in all legs unusually long, anterior 
coxal cavities open, claws appendiculate. Length 8 mm.; width 4mm. 

Type, male, USNM 66855, from Piedra Negra, Costa Rica, 
collected by Schild and Buregdorf; paratype, female, from same col- 
lection. 

Remarks: The second specimen, a female, has a slightly different 
coloration, the entire head being yellow brown, the markings on the 
elytra are more indistinct, but of the same pattern, and the underside 
is entirely pale. A third specimen, also a female, from Waldeck, 
Costa Rica, collected by C. H. Ballou, has also a pale head and under- 
surface, but more distinct reddish-brown elytral markings of similar 
pattern. Still another male, from Lolola, Costa Rica, collected 
June 22, 1957, on cacao by M. J. Stelzer, is of similar coloring. In 
all of these specimens the elytral sculpture is like that of the type, 
and in this respect differs from denticornis in which the costae are 
very distinct and the punctation deep and coarse. The third antennal 
joint in the female is about equal to the fourth, whereas in denti- 
cornis it is a little longer in most specimens. 


Eccoptopsis laticollis, new species 
FIGURE 92 


From 5 to 6 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, the face in the 
male excavate and antennal joints three and four swollen and ex- 
cavated at the adjoining ends, prothorax with a scooped-out de- 
pression in the lower half and the elytra strongly costate, pale yellow; 
the occiput of the head piceous, a broad dark blue basal elytral 
fascia and another before the apex, the former sometimes enclosing 
a pale spot; legs, undersurface and antennae pale. 





NE eEEeEeE————E—EEE ee 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 343 


Head wide, with the interocular space more than half width of 
head, occiput smooth and shining with a median depression, piceous 
to the antennal sockets, lower front pale yellow to below the excava- 
tion, then piceous with a piceous mouth; in male lower front below 
a broadly projecting shelf edged with long hairs under each antennal 
socket, deeply excavated, and on either side a long strongly curved 
spine. Antennae long, in the male the basal joint very long, second 
joint knoblike and short, third broad and excavated at the end, 
fourth broad and excavated at the base, remaining joints long and 
subequal, pale yellow with the first three joints with a piceous spot on 
the outside, joints five to eight deep brown, tip of terminal joint also 
dark. Prothorax almost rectangular, approximately twice as broad 
as long, impunctate, shining pale yellow. Scutellum pale. Elytra 
broad and a little wider at apical end, humeri well marked with a 
deep intrahumeral sulcus; surface irregularly costate, the intervals 
rugose with obsolete geminate-striate punctation, shining, pale 
yellow; a broad deep blue fascia extending across the base, sometimes 
with a small pale spot in it, and another broad dark blue fascia near 
the apex and interrupted at the suture. Body beneath and legs 
entirely pale yellow, anterior coxal cavities open, claws appendiculate, 
all tibiae with a spine, front tibiae in the male stout and the first 
basal joint of tarsi cylindrical. Length 5.2-6 mm.; width 2.6-2.8 mm. 

Type, male, MCZ 30677, Port Limon, Costa Rica, collected by 
P.J. Darlington, May 9, 1959; one paratype, male, USNM,same locality. 

Remarks: This species is closely related to denticornis (Jacoby), 
but it has a different elytral pattern and not so well marked elytral 
costae or so deep punctation. The head and prothorax are wider 
too. In the structure of the antennae and the excavated front of 
head in the male the two species are similar. 


Eccoptopsis boliviensis, new species 
Figure 90 


About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, faintly shining, the 
prothorax nearly twice as wide as long with a transverse sulcus, the 
elytra strongly costate to apical curve, and the intervals geminate 
striate, pale yellow brown; the elytra with reddish brown markings, 
consisting of a lateral vitta from the humerus nearly to apex, a spot 
in the middle near the base, a median fascia connected both on the 
side and at suture with a curved fascia near the apex, body beneath 
and legs pale, the tibiae slightly brownish, this description being of 
the female, the male unknown. 

Head with interocular space half width of head, a rounded median 
depression over the frontal tubercles, no carina between antennal 
sockets or down front but the lower front depressed in the female, 


344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


and probably deeply excavate in the male; pale yellow brown 
with the tips of jaws brownish, impunctate. Antennae not extending 
to the middle of the elytra; in the female with the third joint long, the 
remainder shorter and subequal, pale with a slight deepening in color 
in the intermediate joints; the third and fourth joints in the male 
probably deformed. Prothorax nearly twice as wide as long, with 
slightly rounded sides and a transverse sulcus, alutaceous, nearly 
impunctate, entirely pale yellow. Scutellum pale. Elytra long and 
strongly costate, with 8 or 9 costae on each elytron, the intervals 
being coarsely geminate punctate, pale yellow brown with deep 
reddish brown markings consisting of a lateral vitta extending from the 
humerus nearly to the apex, a median spot near the base, and a median 
and apical fascia, both connected along the suture and side, the apical 
fascia semilunate. Body beneath entirely pale, legs pale with a slight 
brownish tinge along the lower tibiae, anterior coxal cavities open, 
claws appendiculate, middle and hind tibiae with a spine. Length 
7 mm.; width 3.5 mm. 

Type, female, MCZ 30678, from Salinas, Beni River, Bolivia, 
collected by M. Stuart, July 1895. 

Remarks: The single female from which this species is described 
was among the specimens under JN. denticornis Jacoby in the Bowditch 
collection. In its elytral pattern it is similar to but unlike that species 
in having a dark lateral vitta as well as a shorter dark sutural one. 
Although no male has been examined, the male undoubtedly has the 
front of the face excavated and some peculiarity of the third and 
fourth antennal joints such as occurs in denticornis. In the female 
the third antennal joint is longer than the fourth, as is usual in this 
genus. 

Eccoptopsis clara, new species 
FIGURE 93 


Between 7 and 7.5 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, shining, the 
head in the male excavate, and the third and fourth antennal joints 
enlarged and cut out at adjoining ends, the prothorax with a transverse 
depression, the elytra with a broad basal and apical dark blue fascia, 
the breast, tibiae and tarsi dark brown. 

Head in male with an excavation below the antennal sockets and 
on either side a rounded shelf fringed with long hairs and curving 
down over the hollowed out lower front; in the female the area below 
the antennal sockets shallowly scooped out without any trace of a 
carina, frontal tubercles in the male swollen with a depression above 
them, in the female not so swollen, a median depression above; 
interocular space more than half width of head, head entirely black 
and shiny. Antennae in male with the basal joint enlarged, the third 
and fourth joints much enlarged and excavate at the apex of the third 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 345 


and base of the fourth, the first four basal joints pale, joints five to 
nine brown; in the female the first eight joints dark brown, the ninth 
pale, the rest missing. In the female the third antennal joint about equal 
to the fourth. Prothorax wider than long with almost straight sides 
and a transverse sulcus, shining pale yellow brown with scattered punc- 
tures. Scutellum pale. Elytra slightly wider towards apex, with feeble 
costae, not so marked in the female, and dense but not contiguous 
geminate-striate punctation; shining pale yellow brown with a broad 
blue fascia in basal half of elytra and another before the apex, the 
margins and apex being pale. Body beneath pale except for the brown 
breast, femora pale, tibiae and tarsi dark brown, the tarsal claw 
joint pale, all tibiae with a spine; anterior coxal cavities open, claws 
appendiculate. Length 6.8—7.5 mm.; width 2.5-3.5 mm. 

Type, male, MCZ 30679; one paratype, female, USNM; both 
from Peru. 

Remarks: This species with its narrow elongate shape and elytral 
blue fasciae resembles Neobrotica coeruleofasciata Jacoby, but the male 
characters of the excavate face and swollen antennal joints place it 
near denticornis and its relatives. Unlike the rest of the genus, the 
third antennal joint in the female is the same length as the fourth. 


Eccoptopsis piceofasciata, new species 
Figure 95 


About 7 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, dull, alutaceous, the 
elytra strongly punctate, the prothorax with a transverse sulcus, the 
head in the male with the lower front depressed and with a small 
shelf under each antennal socket, the elytra feebly costate, reddish 
brown, the elytra with dark brown or piceous bands. 

Head with the interocular space half width of the head, occiput 
punctate, a depression over the frontal tubercles, lower front de- 
pressed; in the male with a slight shelf under each antennal socket 
and a short spine in the middle of lower front; shiny yellowish or 
reddish brown. Antennae with the basal joints pale reddish brown, 
the intermediate joints dark brown, and the three terminal joints 
pale yellow; in the male the third joint long but not swollen and at 
the apex excavated, the fourth joint at the base very slightly exca- 
vated. Prothorax slightly shiny although alutaceous and _ finely 
punctate, with a transverse sulcus, reddish or yellowish brown. 
Scutellum pale. Elytra wider towards apex, strongly alutaceous with 
feeble costae and strong punctures in the intervals; reddish or yellowish 
brown. A dark brown or piceous band near the base, a median one 
interrupted at the suture and a third near the apex enveloping a 
large round pale spot on each elytron at the apex. Body beneath 
entirely reddish or yellowish brown, with the tibiae and tarsi deep 


346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


brown or piceous, front tibiae and first tarsal joint in the male much 
enlarged. Length 6.5-7.5 mm.; width 3-4 mm. 

Type, male, BMNH, from the Amazon region, Brazil; other 
specimens from Peru. 

Remarks: This species has the smallest alteration in the male 
antennae of any so far described in the genus, the third and fourth 
joints being barely perceptibly swollen and the tiny excavation of the 
third and fourth joints being almost unnoticeable. The development 
of the shelf under each antennal socket and the median spine in the 
face of the male is more or less typical of the other species. 


Eccoptopsis cyanocosmesa, new species 
FIGurRE 98 


About 6.5 mm. in length, broadly oblong oval, shining, the head 
in the male somewhat excavate and the antennae with the third and 
fourth joints swollen and excavated at the adjoining ends, the pro- 
thorax with a deep transverse sulcus, the elytra strongly costate, the 
intervals with geminate-striate punctures, yellow brown with the 
elytra dark greenish blue except for the pale margin; antennae more 
or less piceous and the tibiae and tarsi deep brown. 

Head with the interocular space approximately half the width of 
the head, occiput smooth, shiny, finely punctate, a depression above 
the well marked frontal tubercules, lower front in the male shallowly 
excavated below the antennal sockets, a short median spine below 
this and a shorter one on each side, entirely yellow brown except for 
the brown jaws. Antennae in the male with the third joint somewhat 
swollen and excavated near the apex and the fourth joint excavated 
at the base, the rest subequal and slender, dark brown. Prothorax 
nearly twice as wide as long with rounded sides and a deep transverse 
sulcus across the middle, shining although alutaceous, finely punctate, 
yellow brown. Scutellum pale. Elytra alutaceous with distinct 
costae and between them rather coarse geminate-striate punctures; 
dark green or blue, with a pale margin a little wider near the apex, 
the apex somewhat pinched in. Body beneath entirely pale, in one 
specimen the color of the breast darker, femora pale, tibiae and tarsi 
dark. Anterior coxal cavities open, the claws appendiculate, a spine 
on the middle and hind tibiae, the anterior tibiae of the male stout and 
the first tarsal joint long and dilated at the base. Length 6.5 mm.; 
width 3.3 mm. 

Type, male, BMNH, Sharp collection, from Brazil. 

Remarks: A second mutilated specimen in the British Museum 
from “Rio” has deep blue elytra. There are eight old specimens, 
mostly bluish, in the Bowditch collection, one from Rio de Janeiro, 
four without labels, and one from South America and two from Brazil. 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 347 


The only recently collected specimen is a male in the Carnegie Museum 
from Rio de Janeiro. Although lacking the shelf below the antennal 
sockets of the male that is prominent in the Central American species, 
and not having so deeply excavated a front as in those, this species 
appears to be the South American counterpart of EZ. denticornis and 
its relatives and fits into the genus very well. 


Eccoptopsis argentinensis, new species 
FIGuRE 99 


From 5.5 to 6.5 mm. in length, broadly oblong oval, shining although 
alutaceous, the head of the male a little excavated and antennal 
joints three and four somewhat swollen and excavated at adjoining 
ends; prothorax transversely sulcate, elytra feebly costate with 
geminate-striate punctures between; yellow brown with blue or 
ereenish elytra having a pale margin. 

Head with the interocular space about half the width of the head, 
in the male the lower front a little excavated with a median spine 
below the antennal sockets and two short spines on either side, in the 
female a feeble carina down the front which bulges a little. Antennae 
in the male with a long basal joint, a short second joint, the third 
and fourth long and excavated, the remainder slender and subequal, 
reaching about to the middle of the elytra. In the female the third 
joint longer than the fourth. Scutellum pale yellow brown. Elytra 
dark violet blue or greenish with a pale margin, alutaceous, faintly 
costate with geminate-striate punctation in the intervals, the costa 
on the side being more pronounced in the male, the apex somewhat 
pinched in. Body beneath with the breast and abdomen brownish, 
the femora pale except at the apex, the tibiae and tarsi brown, a spine 
on the hind tibiae; anterior tibiae of the male stout and the first tarsal 
joint broadly cylindrical as well as long. Anterior coxal cavities 
open, claws appendiculate. Length 5.5-6.8 mm.; width 3-4 mm. 

Type, male, BMNH, Baly collection, from Entre Rios, Argentina, 
collected by Camille van Voixem; other specimen from Constancia, 
collected by H. Clark, January 1857. 

Remarks: This is closely related to E. cyanocosmesa. It is not so 
distinctly costate and is less densely punctate. 


Eccoptopsis cavifrons (Jacoby) 
FIGURE 97 
Neobrotica cavifrons Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Americana, 
Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 758, 1887. 
About 5.5 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, the elytra rather 
finely and not densely punctate, with lightly raised costae, the head of 


the male excavate in front, the antennae of male with the third and 
782-220-666 


348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


fourth joints swollen and excavated at adjoining ends, the prothorax 
with a shallow round depression on each side, reddish yellow; the 
elytra piceous with pale yellow diagonal vitta from the middle of the 
base curving at the middle of the elytron and extending downwards 
to the lateral margin, another pale curved vitta on each elytron 
forming a circle at the apex. 

Head with interocular space more than half width of head, tubercles 
swollen over the antennal sockets, in the male the lower front scooped 
out with a small tooth in the middle, and the sides rising smoothly 
bowl-like; in the female a slight depression in the lower front and no 
spine; labrum rather short, hairy and like the occiput reddish brown, 
paler in the lower front. Antennae in the male with the third joint 
much swollen and excavate at apex and the fourth joint with an 
apical tooth, the rest rather short and subequal, all reddish brown; 
in the female the third joint much longer than the fourth or succeed- 
ing joints which are subequal. Prothorax not twice as wide as long 
with the sides a little rounded, the disc with a rounded depression 
on each side, reddish brown. Scutellum black, shining. Elytra 
shining, piceous, with faint costae and fine punctures tending to be 
geminate striate, the margin pale yellow and a pale vitta extending 
somewhat diagonally from the base to the middle, then abruptly 
curved towards the margin, another pale vitta on each elytron from 
the suture curved about to form a circle at the apex. Body beneath 
dark except the sides of the prosternum, femora reddish brown, some- 
times streaked with black on the outside, the tibiae reddish brown, 
sometimes with a darker outer color and the tarsi reddish brown or 
darker. Anterior coxal cavities open, claws appendiculate. Length 
5.6-6 mm.; width 2.7-3.6 mm. 

Type, male, BMNH, from La Parada, Mexico collected by Sallé. 

Remarks: Jacoby wrote that he had seen only a single specimen 
of this, a male, which is in the British Museum now. There is one 
male specimen in the Bowditch collection of the Museum of Com- 
parative Zoology, labelled “Boucard, Mex. coll.”, and one female 
specimen in the U.S. National Museum from 5 miles east of C. 
(?Ciudad) del Maiz, 4700 ft., Mexico, collected by R. R. Dreisbach, 
Aug. 25. 1954, from the Monrés collection. In this female specimen 
the third antennal joint is longer than the fourth or succeeding joints. 


Eccoptopsis mexicana, new species 
FIGuRE 96 


Approximately 6.5 mm. in length, oblong oval, faintly shining and 
somewhat alutaceous, the antennae in the male with the third joint 
long and swollen and excavate at the end, the fourth joint hollowed 
out, the lower front of the head in the male scooped out and with a 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 349 


median spine; prothorax with a rounded depression on each side; pale 
yellowish brown, the femora and front tibiae pale with a dark outer 
streak, other tibiae and tarsi dark, lower surface dark, the elytra with 
an irregular dark lateral vitta not reaching the apex and a sutural 
vitta extending down to the middle, on each elytron three irregularly 
shaped dark spots down the middle. 

Head with the interocular space more than half the width of the 
head, occiput smoothly rounded, shining, impunctate, with a median 
depression over the somewhat swollen frontal tubercles that are 
marked by a depressed line only; in the male no carina but the lower 
front scooped out in the middle into a bowl-like depression from which 
protrudes a long thick spine; head entirely pale except for the brown- 
ish tips of the jaws. No female known. Antennae not extending to 
the middle of the elytra, yellowish brown becoming a little deeper in 
color towards the end, in the male the third joint long and swollen 
with a lateral long depression that divides it into a sort of upper and 
lower lip, the lower one protruding at the end and united with an ex- 
cavated and upwardly curved fourth joint, the remainder of the anten- 
nal joints short, subequal and filiform. Prothorax somewhat rec- 
tangular with only slightly curved sides and on the disc a rounded 
depression on each side, surface slightly alutaceous, faintly shining, 
impunctate, pale yellowish brown. Scutellum dark. Elytra with 
faint traces of two or three raised lines, distinctly but not coarsely 
punctate, the punctures tending to be striate and becoming less distinct 
on the sides and at apex; pale yellow, each elytron with an irregularly 
outlined lateral piceous vitta extending from the humerus to about the 
apical curve but not reaching the apex or margin, a sutural vitta ex- 
tending to the middle and three large irregularly shaped spots down 
the middle, the apical one being subvittate and close to the suture. 
Body beneath with neck, middle of prosternum, breast and abdomen 
black, the anterior coxal cavities open, femora pale except a dark 
outer streak, front tibiae of male with a dark outer streak, swollen, 
and the first tarsal joint cylindrical, front tarsal joints pale, but the 
middle and hind tibiae and tarsi entirely dark, middle and hind 
tibiae with a short spine; claws appendiculate. Length 6.6 mm, 
width 3.5 mm. 

Type, male, USNM 66837, from Zacapu, Michoacan, Mexico, 
collected by J. J. MacKelvey, July 28, 1951. 

Remarks: This is closely related to Eccoptopsis cavifrons (Jacoby) 
having a similar structure in the male antennae and the excavated 
front of the head, and even the elytral dark markings although much 
abbreviated appear to have the same general pattern as in cavifrons. 
But the third antennal joint in the male is heavier and longer than 
in cavifrons and slightly differently shaped. 


350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 


Eccoptopsis quadrimaculata, new species 
FIGURE 94 


About 7 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, the elytra with a 
bronzy lustre, in the male the third and fourth antennal joints swollen 
and excavate near the end, and the front of the head excavate, elytra 
strongly costate with punctures between, piceous with four large 
pale yellow brown spots, the side margin and apex also pale; head, 
breast, tibiae and tarsi and part of femora dark. 

Head in male with a deep excavation in the middle of the front 
below the antennal sockets, a rounded shelf with a fringe of hairs 
overhanging the transverse depression across the whole front on 
either side, the upper half of head dark, the lower depression pale 
yellow brown, labrum dark; head in the female with somewhat 
swollen frontal tubercles, no carina below but a slight depression, 
surface of lower front rugose with a slightly elevated median line; 
frontal tubercles in the male more bulging than in the female. An- 
tennae dark, in the male the basal joint swollen, second joint very 
short, third and fourth joints widened and cut out, paler in color, 
remainder long and slender, in the female the joints slender and the 
third joint longer than the fourth, the last three pale. Prothorax 
about one-third wider than long with a deep curved transverse de- 
pression, shining, pale yellow brown, obsoletely punctate. Scutellum 
brownish. Elytra widened towards apex, shining, strongly costate, 
the intervals geminate punctate with the punctures often confluent, 
producing cross wrinkles between the costae; piceous with a bronzy 
lustre, on each elytron two large pale yellow brown spots, one before, 
the other, larger, and after the middle, the lateral margin in part 
pale, the apex pale. Body beneath with the breast dark, the rest 
pale, the femora pale with a dark streak, tibiae and tarsi dark. Length 
6.8-7.5 mm.; width 3.2-3.6 mm. 

Type, male; three paratypes, female; USNM 66836, all from 
Villavicencio, Colombia, collected by H. Dybas, July 12, 1938; another 
specimen, AMNH, from Rio Guayuriba, Meta, Colombia, collected 
by L. Richter, December 1946. 

Remarks: This species is a connecting link between the two genera, 
Eucerotoma and Eccoptopsis, combining the deeply impressed trans- 
verse sulcus of the prothorax that is typical of Eucerotoma with the 
somewhat less deeply costate elytra of Eccoptopsis. In its coloration 
it resembles more the species of the latter genus, and like them has 
the third joint of the female antennae longer than the fourth, which 
is not the case in Eucerotoma. But as in Eucerotoma the anterior 
coxal cavities are only slightly open. 





NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 351 


Potamobrotica, new genus 


Head with a very short carina, a mere knob vanishing below the 
antennal sockets; antennae filiform, with the third, fourth, and fifth 
joints long and subequal, remaining joints somewhat shorter, but 
not as short as in Cerotoma; prothorax rather short and broad with 
a transverse sulcus. Elytra coarsely and densely punctate, the punc- 
tures tending to be striate; traces of costae. Anterior coxal cavities 
closed, claws appendiculate. 

Type species: Potamobrotica trifasciata, new species. 

Locality: All three species of this genus are from the Amazon 
part of Brazil, one extending into Venezuela. 

Remarks: Except for the head with the very short carina visible 
only between the antennal sockets, and the closed anterior coxal 
cavities, this genus is similar to Neobrotica. However, the prothorax 
is a little shorter and broader. The genus differs from Cerotoma in 
not having the third antennal joint longer than the fourth. The 
antennae in this respect resemble most species of Neobrotica. No 
male of any of the three species has been examined, so there is the 
remote possibility that there are sexual differences in the face and 
antennae. 

The name Potamobrotica is derived from the Greek worayos, meaning 
“river,” and Bpwrka, meaning “‘voracious.”’ 


Potamobrotica trifasciata, new species 
Figure 102 


Between 7 and 8 mm. in length, oblong oval, feebly shining, 
alutaceous, the elytra densely and coarsely punctate and feebly 
costate, pale reddish or yellowish with deep brown markings on the 
head and three deep brown fasciae on the elytra often interrupted at 
the suture and sometimes connected along the lateral side. 

Head with the interocular space almost half width of head, carina 
short, only a little knob between the antennal sockets, below it the 
front depressed and then swollen transversely over the labrum, frontal 
tubercles distinctly marked and with a median depression above, 
occiput well rounded, reddish brown, lower front pale yellowish brown. 
Antennae pale brownish, the ninth joint pale yellow and two apical 
joints deep brown. Prothorax almost rectangular with slightly curved 
sides and a well marked transverse sulcus, alutaceous, very finely and 
inconspicuously punctate, pale yellowish brown. Scutellum pale. 
Elytra alutaceous, not shiny, densely and coarsely punctate, the punc- 
tures tending to be striate, surface somewhat rugose with indistinct 
traces of costae, yellowish brown with three deep chocolate colored 
fasciae not reaching base, apex, suture or margin in one specimen, the 
fasciae at base in three of the four specimens broken into two spots. 


352 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Body beneath and legs entirely pale; anterior coxal cavities closed, 
claws appendiculate. Length 7.3-7.8 mm.; width 3.6-3.8 mm. 

Type, female, USNM 66840; one paratype, female, John 
A. Wilcox collection, from Caura River, Suapure, Venezuela, collected 
by E. A. Klages, March 12, 1899; two other specimens in USNM, 
from Manaos, Brazil, collected by F. Knab. 

Remarks: This is closely related to Potamobrotica brasiliensis 
(Bowditch). 

Potamobrotica brasiliensis (Bowditch) 


Figure 100 


Neobrotica brasiliensis Bowditch, Psyche, vol. 20, p. 128, 1915. 
Andrector brasiliensis (Bowditch).—Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, vol. 7, 
no. 8, p. 606, 1958. [Not correctly identified.] 

About 5% mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, moderately shining, 
elytra alutaceous, distinctly punctate, the punctures tending to be 
striate, head reddish yellow, the thorax with a touch of green (? not 
all green in living specimens), elytra with the yellowish areas having 
a greenish tint, two deep brown basal spots, a broad dark median fascia 
extending along the suture and sides, and a large dark apical spot on 
each elytron. Anterior coxal cavities closed. 

Head with the interocular space half width of head, occiput rounded, 
finely punctate, orange yellow becoming paler in lower front, a median 
depression over frontal tubercles and below them a narrow and not 
much elevated short carina. Antennae with the three basal and 
three apical joints yellow, the terminal one with a dark tip, and 
the intermediate joints dark brown. Prothorax considerably 
wider than long with rounded sides, finely and moderately densely 
punctate, and with a well defined transverse sulcus, pale greenish on 
sides and in sulcus (? green faded to yellow elsewhere). Scutellum 
brownish. Elytra with the pale areas yellow having a slightly greenish 
tint, most marked on the sides and explanate margin, with deep brown 
fasciae, the basal one broken into two spots on each elytron, not 
joined at the suture, the middle fascia entirely across the elytra and 
tending to join at the suture and sides with the other fasciae, the 
apical fascia interrupted at the suture. Surface alutaceous, punc- 
tation rather coarse, shallow and tending to be striate. Body beneath 
pale with the breast reddish brown, femora pale, tibiae with dark 
outer streak, tarsi more or less bicolored. Length 5% mm. 

Type, female, MCZ, from Porto Velho, Rio Madeira, Brazil, col- 
lected by Mann and Baker. 

Remarks: Bechyne has placed this as a species of Andrector. I 
have examined the specimen he identified as this in the Frey Museum 
and it is not brasiliensis, but it is the succeeding species that I am 
describing as Potamobrotica viridis, new species. No males of any of 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 353 


these three species have been examined, but in all the females the 
third antennal joint is not longer than the fourth, which is not true 
of species of Cerotoma or Andrector. 


Potamobrotica viridis, new species 
Fiaure 103 


About 6 mm. in length, elongate oblong oval, not shining, the elytra 
densely, coarsely and tending to be striately punctate, bright green, the 
elytra with reddish brown lunate markings at base and near apex, the 
antennae with the intermediate joints brown, abdomen in places 
yellowish, probably faded from green, tibiae somewhat deeper brown. 
Anterior coxal cavities closed, claws appendiculate. 

Head with interocular space about half width of head, a median 
depression over the faintly marked frontal tubercles, finely punctate 
over the occiput; carina very short and in lower front not elevated ; 
green with the occiput deeper in color, mouthparts brownish. Anten- 
nae pale with joints five to eight and tip of terminal joint brownish. 
Prothorax nearly twice as wide as long, with slightly rounded sides 
and transverse sulcus, surface finely punctate, entirely green. Scutel- 
lum green. Elytra wider apically, a short intrahumeral sulcus, in one 
specimen traces of costae; punctation very close, almost contingent, 
coarsely and irregularly striate; surface alutaceous, not at all shiny; 
bright green with deep reddish brown markings in the form of a half 
circle at base and apex of each elytron, these marks often broken into 
spots. Body beneath green, in some specimens faded to more or less 
uniform yellow. Anterior coxal cavities closed, the middle and hind 
tibiae with spine, claws appendiculate. Length 5.8-7.5 mm; width 
3.2-4 mm. 

Type, female, BMNH, Baly collection, from “Amazon.” 

Remarks: There are three specimens, all females, in the British 
Museum all from the Baly collection, but only one with a legible 
locality label. A single female without any label is in the Bowditch 
collection, and another female in the U.S. National Museum, all old 
and faded. This is the species that Bechyne wrongly identified as 
Neobrotica brasiliensis Bowditch (from a specimen in the G. Frey 
Museum, also a female), and placed in the genus Andrector. 


Rachicephala, new genus 


Elongate oblong oval, the head with wide-set eyes, protuberant 
frontal tubercles; in the male an excavated lower front with forward 
protruding appendages on each side above the labrum, and a long 
median spine below the antennal sockets; in the female no such 
appendages or spine but the lower front uneven with a small depression 
on each side and in the middle. Antennae in the male with the first 


354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


joint swollen, second small, third widened in basal part, then narrowed 
with an outer hook, and at apex much narrowed, joints four to six long, 
thence the joints becoming shorter. In the female, joints three to five 
long and filiform and the remaining joints shorter. Prothorax rather 
depressed and with a faint transverse sulcus, often only marked at the 
ends, a narrow and inconspicuous lateral edging, scarcely a margin, 
with a blunt tooth at the base. Elytra long, faintly costate, with the 
intervals irregularly striate punctate; epipleura vanishing before the 
apical curve; anterior coxal cavities open, legs long and slender, the 
first tarsal joint of all feet long, claws appendiculate. 

Type species: Neobrotica vittatipennis (Jacoby). 

Remarks: The name Rachicephala is derived from the Greek paxis 
meaning ‘‘spine,”’ and xepada, meaning “head.” 


Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby) 
Fiaure 104 


Neobrotica vittatipennis Jacoby, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Ameri- 
cana, Coleoptera, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 577, 1887. 

Jacoby had a single specimen of this from Juquila, Mexico, Sallé 
coll., and this a female. If he had had a male he would probably 
have realized how unlike Neobrotica the species is. The development 
of the appendages on the front of the head as well as the enlargement 
of the third antennal joint are unlike that in Neobrotica or any species 
known to me. 

Type female, BMNH, from Juquila, Mexico. 

Other localities: Mexico: one specimen, Cuernavaca (Bowditch 
collection), also two specimens in the U.S. National Museum from 
Cuernavaca collected by N.L.H. Krauss in August 1955; Guadalajara. 


Cyclotrypema, new genus 


Elongate oblong, the head with a smooth occiput and a median 
depression over the frontal tubercles, carina short and not prominent, 
lower front rather bulging but not protuberant; in the male over the 
labrum a median hole, almost as large as the antennal socket; no 
trace of this in the female. Antennae reaching the middle of the 
elytra, filiform, in the male the third joint a little longer than in the 
female, but in both sexes longer than the fourth joint, remaining 
joints shorter. Prothorax without a lateral edging, a faint transverse 
sulcus across the disc, sometimes only a dent on each side. Elytra 
smooth and flat, without depressions. Epipleura vanishing at apical 
curve. Anterior coxal cavities open. First tarsal joint of anterior 
legs inflated and the front tibiae much enlarged at apex. First 
tarsal joint of hind legs as long as the remaining joints together. 
Claws appendiculate. 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 355 


Type species: Galeruca furcata Olivier. 
Remarks: The name Cyclotrypema is derived from the Greek xkixdos, 
meaning “round,” and rpirnua, meaning ‘‘hole.”’ 


Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier) 
Figure 101 


Galeruca furcata Olivier, Entomologie, vol. 6, p. 643, 1808. 

Cerotoma furcata (Olivier) —Dejean, Catalogue de la collection de Coleoptéres . . ,, 
ed. 3, p. 403, 1837. 

Neobrotica furcata (Olivier) —Schaeffer, Brooklyn Inst. Arts Sci. Mus. Sci. Bull. 
1, p. 245, 1906. 

Metrobrotica furcata (Olivier) —Bechyne, Ent. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, vol. 9, p. 596, 
1958. 

Olivier gave the type locality of this species as North America. It 
was not found again for many years until EK. A. Schwarz at last identified 
the species with material collected at Brownsville, Texas. The exact 
locality of the type specimen is not known. Schaeffer took the species 
out of the genus Cerotoma and put it in Neobrotica. He wrote that 
it was not even allied to Cerotoma, and that the deep round fovea in 
the middle of the head of the male was unlike any species that he 
knew, but for the present he would assign it to Neobrotica. Bechyne 
has placed it in the genus Metrobrotica, but it has little resemblance 
to the genotype, Cerotoma geometrica Erichson, except that it has 
no lateral margin to the pronotum. The antennae are not different 
in the sexes and the face in the male is unlike that of geometrica. 

Other localities: El Monte, Tamaulipas, and Montemorelos, Nuevo 
Leon, Mexico, collected by W. Gertsch and P. Schrammel; Victoria, 
Tamaulipas, Mexico, collected by W. Gertsch; Russelltown, Texas, 
on Irish potato leaves; Brownsville, Texas. 


356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





1. N. dentata, n. sp &, N. coervleolineata Jac. 9. N. imitans Jac. | 


Ficures 1-9.—1, Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, type; 2, N. variabilis var. Jacoby, type; 
3, N. noumenia, new species; 4, N. trichops, new species; 5, N. schausi, new species; 
6, N. undecimmaculata Jacoby, type; 7, N. dentata, new species; 8, N. coeruleolineata 
Jacoby; 9, N. imitans Jacoby. 





NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 357 





I1.N. duodecimsignala n.Sp. 12.N spilocephalansp. 





16.N, oberthiri (Baly) Type (7 N.cberthirj (Baly), Guatemala 18.?N.oberthirt Baly) Caracas, Venezuela 


Ficures 10-18.—10, Neobrotica linigera Jacoby; 11, N. duodecimsignata, new species; 
12, N. spilocephala, new species; 13, N. hondurensis Jacoby; 14, N. simulans Jacoby, 
type; 15, N. pterota, new species; 16, N. oberthiiri (Baly), type; 17, N. oberthtiri (Baly), 
Guatemala; 18, N. Poberthiiri (Baly), Caracas, Venezuela. 


358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


23. N.ornota Jac. 24. N.ornata Jac. 





26. Ncorlwrighti, n.sp. 26. N.quadriplagiata duc. Type 27. N. piceofasciata,nsp. 


Ficures 19-27.—19, Neobrotica coeruleofasciata Jacoby, type; 20, N. coeruleofasciata Jacoby; 
21, N. confusa, new species; 22, N. zonata, new species; 23, N. ornata Jacoby; 24, N. ornata 
Jacoby; 25, N. cartwrighti, new species; 26, N. quadriplagiata Jacoby, type; 27, N. piceo- 
fasciata, new species. 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 359 











pesca é 


Weytity 
Bt 


cS 
a 










29N. tompicensis, n.sp 





9 


34.N. pallescens Jac. Type 35. N. modesta Jac Type 36. N. semicostata Jac, Type 


Ficures 28-36.—28, Neobrotica melanocephala Jacoby, type; 29, N. tampicensis, new species; 
30, N. punctatissima Jacoby, type; 31, N. pluristicta Fall; 32, N. sexmaculata Jacoby, type; 
33, N. matamorasensis, new species; 34, N. pallescens Jacoby, type; 35, N. modesta Jacoby, 
type; 36, N. semicostata Jacoby, type. 





360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





A0. Ninconspicua Jac. Type Al. N. guinguepunctata CJac.) 


Ficures 37-41.—37, Neobrotica pentaspilota, new species; 38, N. decimsignata, new species; 
39, N. septemmaculata, new species; 40, N. inconspicua Jacoby, type; 41, N. quinque- 
punctata (Jacoby). 





NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 361 


43.N. eruthrinae Bechyne 





428. N.rendalli, nsp. 49. N.flavipes ,n.sp. 50. N.comma Bechyne 


Ficures 42-50.—42, Neobrotica regularis, new species; 43, N. erythrinae Bechyne; 44, 
N. ruficollis, new species; 45, NV. poecila, new species; 46, N. germaini, new species; 47, N. 
praeclara (Weise); 48, N. rendalli, new species; 49, N. flavipes, new species; 50, N. comma 
Bechyne. 








362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 








57. Natrilincata nomen novum 58.N.ebraea (Fa br) 59.N. dimidialicornis Tac. Caracas, Venez. 


Ficures 51-59.—51, Neobrotica hepatica Bechyne; 52, N. rogaguaensis, new species; 53, N. 
meridensis, new species; 54, N. oblongopunctata Jacoby, type; 55, N. stalagma, new species; | 
56, N. dimidiaticornis Jacoby, Caracas, Venezuela; 57, N. atrilineata, new name; | 
58, N. ebraea (Fabricius); 59, N. dimidiaticornis Jacoby, Caracas, Venezuela. 











NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 363 





60. Neobrofica bowdifchi Bechyno 





63.N.colombiensis ,n.sp. 64. N. oclosignata,nsp. 


Ficures 60-64.—60, Neobrotica bowditchi Bechyne; 61, N. inconstans var. Jacoby, type; 
62, N. flavolimbata, new species; 63, N. colombiensis, new species; 64, N. octosignata, new 
species. 


782—220—66——_7 





364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





65.Neabrofica quadri maculata, np. 66. N.grandis,nsp- 


DOUBTFUL SPECIES 





67.N. ludicra Bechyne Type 68. N.anisocincta Bechyne Type 


Ficures 65-68.—65, Neobrotica quadrimaculata, new species; 66, N. grandis, new species; 
67, N. ludicra Bechyne, type; 68, N. anisocincta Bechyne, type. 








NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 365 





69. Hystiopsis pervensis,n.sp. 71. H. terminalis n.sp. 


72. H. bryanti,n.sp. 73.H. flavipes,nsp. 


Ficures 69-73.—69, Hystiopsts peruensis, new species; 70, H. marginalis (Fabricius); 
71, H. terminalis, new species; 72, H. bryanti, new species; 73, H. flavipes, new species. 





366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





74.Hystiopsis exarata .n.sp 76.H. zonata n.sp. 





75, H. bella,nsp. Solinas 





\ 





Y 
77. H. bella,nsp. Loma Alto 78, H.bella,nsp. Cochabamba, Bolivia 


Ficures 74-78.—74, Hystiopsis exarata, new species; 75, H. bella, new species, Salinas; 
76, H. zonata, new species; 77, H. bella, new species, Loma Alta; 78, H. bella, new species, 
Cochabamba, Bolivia. 


NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 367 





81H. maculata, np. 


80. H.irritans, nsp. 





82.H megala n.sp. 83.H. monsei,n.ep. 


Ficures 79-83.—79, Hystiopsis nigriventris, new species; 80, H. irritans, new species; 
81, H. maculata, new species; 82, H. megala, new species; 83, H. manse1, new species. 


368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


86. H. beniensis,n.sp. 





37. H. phaica,nsp. 88. H.maxima,n.sps 


Ficures 84-88.—84, Hystiopsis grossa, new species; 85, H. mapirit, new species; 86, H. 
bentensis, new species; 87, H. phaica, new species; 88, H. maxima, new species. 





NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 369 





93. E.clora,nsp. eS 4 E.duadrimoculata, ns p. 


Ficures 89-94.—89, Eccoptopsis costaricensis, new species; 90, E. boliviensis, new species; 
91, E. denticornis (Jacoby); 92, E. laticollis, new species; 93, E. clara, new species; 94, E. 
quadrimaculata, new species. 


370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 








96, E. mexicana, n.sp. 





7 








| A 
\ g 
No} 
| i 
ee - i 
OBE cyanocosmesa, H.sp. O93 E.argentinensis,n.sp. 


Ficures 95-99.—95, Eccoptopsis piceofasciata, new species; 96, E. mexicana, new species; 
97, E. cavifrons (Jacoby), type; 98, E. cyanocosmesa, new species; 99, E. argentinensts, 
new species. 





NEOBROTICA AND RELATED GENERA—BLAKE 371 





100. Potamebrotica brasilionsts (Bowd) Type 102. P. trifasciotamsp. 


103, Potamobrotica virtdis, hsp. 104 Rachicephala vitfatipennis Jac) 


Ficures 100-104.—100, Potamobroti cabrasiliensis (Bowditch), type; 101, Cyclotrypema furcata 
(Oliver); 102, P. trifasciata, new species; 103, P. viridis, new species; 104, Rachicephala 
vittatipennis (Jacoby). 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1966 


weil, iva 

















Proceedings of 


the United States 





National Museum 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - WASHINGTON, D.C. 





Volume 118 1966 Number 3530 





NOTES ON CERTAIN NEARCTIC TRICHOPTERA 
IN THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY 


By Oxtver S. Fuint, Jr. 


Associate Curator, Division of Neuropteroids 


The collection of Trichoptera in the Museum of Comparative 
Zoology at Harvard University is one of the most important deposi- 
tories in the New World of types and other important material. 
- During the summers of 1961 and 1962 it was my good fortune to be 
_ able to spend a number of weeks studying and preparing notes and 
illustrations on some of this material. 

Many of the male types of Nearctic caddis flies in this collection 
were illustrated by Ross (1938b) and most of the other species have 
been figured or synonymized in later works of the same and other 
authors. However, there remains a small number of species whose 
status has never been clarified. In many instances the problem has 
been that the type is female. Now, with our increasing ability to 
discriminate between the females of the various species, and with 
the collection of longer series containing both sexes, it is possible in 
- many cases to associate these female types with the males of the same 
species. In other cases the uncertainty about the species status has 
_ resulted from the failure of the earlier workers to figure or study the 

cleared, relaxed genitalia of the male types. 

373 


782—222—66——1 


314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 


In this paper an attempt is made to elucidate many of these enig- 
matic species. On occasion the result has been the synonymy with 
some well-known, adequately figured species, while in other cases it 
has been necessary to prepare figures for a species not well illustrated 
by present-day standards. In the genus Dicosmoecus, and to a lesser 
degree in Leptocella and Brachycentrus, it has been necessary to do a 
more complete study of all the related species. No attempt is made 
to give descriptions or complete bibliographies of any of the species. 
The original description is cited and a subsequent reference is added 
to an adequate figure whenever one exists, and in a few cases some 
salient characters are pointed out. 

I wish to thank Dr. P. J. Darlington, Jr., and Dr. H. E. Evans for 
their help during my visits. 


Family Psychomyiidae 
Phylocentropus carolinus Carpenter 
Ficures la,b 
Phylocentropus carolinus Carpenter, 1933, p. 43, fig. 9. 
The original figures of this species were prepared from an unrelaxed 


specimen. The figures here presented were prepared from the 
cleared, relaxed type. 


Family Hydropsychidae 
Diplectrona californica Banks 
Fraures ld,e 


Diplectrona californica Banks, 1914, p. 253, fig. 63. 
Diplectrona margarita Denning, 1965, pp. 83-84, figs. 14-15. [New synonymy.] 


Because the genitalia of this species have not been well illustrated, 
figures are given of the unique male type. 

Denning recently described D. margarita from San Bernardino 
County, Calif. His figures of the genitalia of margarita leave no 
doubt that it is the same as californica. 


Aphropsyche doringa (Milne), new combination 


Diplectrona doringa Milne, 1936, p. 68. 
Aphropsyche aprilis Ross, 1941, p. 79, fig. 60. [New synonymy.] 


The male holotype of doringa is present in the collection in the 
Museum of Comparative Zoology rather than lost, as stated by Ross 
(1944). The type is identical to Ross’s figures of aprilis and to a male 
in my collection from North Carolina. 





NEARCTIC TRICHOPTERA—FLINT 375 


Hydropsyche carolina Banks 
Figure le 
Hydropsyche carolina Banks, 1938, p. 77, figs. 8, 9. 

The male genitalia of this distinctive little species have not been 
adequately figured previously. The forewing has a crescentic band 
of yellowish hair subapically, a patch basally in the anal area, and 
others at intermediate spots. 











Figure 1.—Phylocentropus carolinus: a, male genitalia, lateral; b, clasper, ventral. Hydro- 
y > g ’ 3 p 
psyche carolina: c, male genitalia, lateral. Diplectrona californica: d, male genitalia, 
lateral; e, aedeagus, lateral. 


Family Limnephilidae 
Genus Dicosmoecus 


The taxonomic situation among the North American species of 
this genus is still rather confusing, even after studying the types and 
much more additional material of most of the species. Differences 
exist between these specimens, especially in the armature of the 
lateral sheaths of the aedeagus and in the structure of the basal ridge 
of the clasper. Presently I am able to recognize 5 different kinds of 
males, based mainly on these structures. Although these 5 genitalic 
kinds, which are being considered species, do not intergrade in the 


376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


material studied, each is somewhat (or sometimes highly) variable, 
and intergrades may be found in the future. 


Dicosmoecus atripes (Hagen) 
Figures 2a-f 
Platyphylax atripes Hagen, 1875, p. 600. 
Dicosmoecus gucundus Banks, 1943, p. 358, figs. 102, 108, 118. [New synonymy.] 
Dicosmoecus nigrescens Banks, 1943, p. 359, figs. 88, 90, 93, 96. [New synonymy.] 

This species appears to be the most variable in the genus, especially 
in the armature of the lateral sheaths of the aedeagus. There is a 
great variation in the number of spines present and in their arrange- 
ment. In general the species may be said to possess sheaths that 
are round or slightly depressed, generally bearing on the outer side 
(but sometimes on the inner also) a variable number of rather long, 
slender spines. The upper end of the basal ridge of the clasper is 
barely separated from the ridge and not developed into a sharp 
spine. Figures are given of the lateral penis sheaths of the holotypes 
of atripes, gucundus, and nigrescens, as well as 3 other specimens, 
to show the degree of variability encountered in this species. 

The types of all three species as well as other males from Colorado, 
Utah, New Mexico, California, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho 
were studied. 

Dicosmoecus gilvipes (Hagen) 
Figures 29,h 
Platyphylax gilvipes Hagen, 1875, p. 601. 


This is a large species often with the veins strongly marked with 
fuscous. The lateral sheaths of the aedeagus are quite constant and 
distinctive in structure. The sheaths are compressed and bear on 
their upper and lower margins a row of rather short, broad spines 
which vary greatly in number and exact placement. The basal ridge 
of the clasper bears a distinct sharp tooth at its upper end. 

All the males Banks determined as D. grandis Ulmer are this species. 
However, because the type of grandis is female and not in this country, 
T am not synonymyzing grandis at this time. In addition to the type 
of gilvipes, males from California, British Columbia, Nevada, Oregon, 
and Idaho were seen. 


Dicosmoecus pallicornis Banks 
FIGuRE 22 
Dicosmoecus pallicornis Banks, 1943, pp. 359-60, figs. 82, 83, 86, 87. 


In coloration this species is paler than the others, and the wings 
are much more pilose. The lateral sheaths of the aedeagus are 
distinctive, being short, blunt, and tipped by a cluster of short setae. 
This species is known only from California. 


























NEARCTIC TRICHOPTERA—FLINT Ste 





Ficure 2.—Dicosmoecus atripes: a, lateral sheaths of aedeagus of type of nigrescens, dorsal; 
b, same of type of jucundus, dorsal; c, same of type of atripes, dorsal; d, same of specimen 
from Modoc Co., Calif., dorsal; ¢, same of specimen from Richel Lodge, Mont., dorsal; 
f, same of specimen from Provo Canyon, Utah, dorsal. Dicosmoecus gilvipes: g, clasper 
of male, dorsal; h, lateral sheath of aedeagus, lateral. Dicosmoecus pallicornis: 1, lateral 
sheath of aedeagus, dorsal. Dicosmoecus palatus: 7, aedeagus, lateral. Allocosmoecus 
partitus: k, male genitalia, lateral; /, aedeagus, dorsal. Philocasca antennata: m, male 
genitalia, lateral; , aedeagus, dorsal. 


378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 118 


Dicosmoecus palatus (McLachlan) 


FIGURE 27 
Stenophylax palatus McLachlan, 1872, p. 63. 
Dicosmoecus obscuripennis Banks, 1938, p. 76, figs. 4, 5. [New synonymy.] 

No significant differences could be found between the type of 
obscuripennis Banks from Alaska, and an example of palatus 
McLachlan from the River Kolyma, Siberia. The lateral sheaths 
of the aedeagus in this species are very long and slender and are 
capped by a few spines and 1 or 2 nearer the base. The basal ridge 
of the clasper is long with the upper end slightly separated, but 
not developed into a sharp tooth. These specimens of this species 
are a bit smaller than the other species and colored a more uniformly 
darker brown. 


Dicosmoecus frontalis (Banks), new combination 
Drusinus frontalis Banks, 1943, pp. 350-351, figs. 28, 29. 

The unique female type of this species was studied. The genitalia 
of the type indicate that the species does not belong in Drusinus 
but in the Dicosmoecinae, most probably in Dicosmoecus. D. aureo- 
ventris Davis is probably a synonym, but until a series containing 
both sexes becomes available, I hesitate to establish the synonymy. 


Allocosmoecus partitus Banks 
Figures 2k,l 
Allocosmoecus partitus Banks, 1943, pp. 365-366, figs. 73, 74, 76. 

This very large caddis fly bears a striking superficial resemblance 
to the larger species of Dicosmoecus. The genitalia, however, are 
totally different and fully substantiate a separate generic status. 
The figures were drawn from the unique male type. 


Pseudostenophylax edwardsi (Banks) 
Anisogamus edwardst Banks, 1920, p. 345. 
Anisogamus atripennis Banks, 1924, pp. 440-441. [New synonymy.] 

The abdomens of the female type of atripennis and the allotype and 
another female of edwardsi were cleared and studied. No differences 
could be found between their genitalia, and additionally the two types 
bear the same data. The type of atripennis is larger and more uni- 
formly dark brown than edwardsi, but these are apparently only 
superficial differences. 


Pseudostenophylax sparsus (Banks) 


Halesus sparsus Banks, 1908a, pp. 63-64, fig. 12. 
Stenophylax calypso Banks, 1911, p. 350, fig. 25. 
Drusinus virginicus.—Ross (not Banks), 1944, p. 202, fig. 696. 
This species is fairly common over most of eastern North America. 
Ross (1944) published the only good figure of the male genitalia of this 


NEARCTIC TRICHOPTERA—FLINT 379 


species but unfortunately misidentified it as virginicus Banks. The 
type of the latter is a female of a species of Pycnopsyche and is dis- 
cussed further in that genus. 


Oligophlebedes minuta (Banks) 
Halesus minutus Banks, 1897, p. 28. 
Apatania pictula Banks, 1943, p. 355, figs. 3-6. [New synonymy.] 
Oligophlebodes minutus.—Ross, 1944, pp. 283-284, fig. 944. 
The abdomen of the male type of pictula was cleared and found to 
be typical of minuta. 


Pycnopsyche virginica (Banks), new combination 
Fiaures 3a,b 
Potamorites virginicus Banks, 1900, p. 256. 


In addition to the female type of this species, I have studied 2 males 
that agree with the type in coloration, size, and structure. Since the 
male of this species has not been figured previously, I give figures of 
this sex here. The species belongs to the lepida group of the genus. 
Only the type of the species from Richmond, Va., a male from Myrtle 
Beach, 8.C. (Oct. 25, 1943, C. T. Parsons), and another male from 
Faison, N.C. (Oct. 31, 1956, light trap), are known to me. 


Philocasca antennata (Banks) 
FIGURES 2m,n 
Stenophylax antennatus Banks, 1900, pp. 254-255. 


The unique male type of this species which has not been illustrated 
previously, is shown here. 


Clostoeca disjuncta (Banks) 


Anisogamus disjunctus Banks, 1914, p. 156, fig. 22. 
Anisogamus disjunctus.—Ross, 1938b, p. 28, fig. 43. [Lectotype designated.] 
Clostoeca sperryt Banks, 1948, pp. 352-353, figs. 1, 4, 5. [New synonymy.] 

The genitalia of the types of the two species were compared and 
found to be identical. In coloration sperryi is more distinctly marked, 
probably due to its comparative freshness. 


Psychronia brevipennis (Banks) 


| FIGuRES 3c-e 
 Psilopteryx brevipennis Banks, 1904, p. 108, fig. 3. 


| Figures are given here of the genitalia of the unique female type 
with the hope that they will permit the recognition of this species. 
Limnephilus sperryi (Banks) 


FIGURES 32,7 
Rhadicoleptus sperryi Banks, 19438, pp. 346-347, figs. 2, 11, 12. 


The male type of this species is illustrated here. The first segment 





380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


of the foretarsus in this species is twice the length of the second seg- 
ment. 
Limnephilus costalis (Banks), new combination 

Asynarchus costalis Banks, 1901, p. 286. 
Anisogamus costalis, Ross, 1938b, p. 28, fig. 44. [Lectotype designated.] 

This species is related closely to the preceding, and must be trans- 
ferred to Limnephilus. Ross (1938b) illustrated the genitalia of the 
type of this species. 


Limnephilus concolor Banks 


FIGURES 3m,n 
Limnephilus concolor Banks, 1899, pp. 207-208. 
Limnephilus concolor.—Ross, 1$38b, p. 35. [Lectotype designated.] 

The lectotype of this species is a female without abdomen, not a 
male as stated by Ross (1938b). The accompanying figures were 
prepared from the female lectoparatype. Other specimens of this 
species have been seen from California and British Colombia, but no 
collection has contained males. In all probability this is the female 
of the species generally called assimilis Banks, but it might be the 
female of L. productus Banks or L. diversus (Banks). 


Limnephilus bifidus Banks 


Figures 3k,l 
Limnephilus bifidus Banks, 1908b, p. 263, fig. 11. 
Limnephilus bifidus.—Ross, 1938b, p. 34. [Lectotype designated.] 
Figures are presented of the lectotype female of this species in the 
hope that they will permit its recognition. In coloration the species 
is marked in the manner of L. moestus Banks or L. sericeus (Say). 


Limnephilus pallens (Banks) 


FicuREs 3f-h 
Zaporata pallens Banks, 1920, p. 342, fig. 105. 


The accompanying figures were prepared from the male type. The 
second segment of the foretarsus is about % the length of the first 
segment, and the eighth tergum is produced into a scabrous lobe 
mesally. J have seen additional series from Southhampton, North- 
west Territory, and Brooks Lake, Alaska. 


Limnephilus sericeus (Say) 


Phryganea sericea Say, 1824, p. 309. 

Anabolia decepta Banks, 1899, pp. 208-209. [New synonymy.] 

Limnephilus sericeus.—Ross, 1944, p. 192, figs. 655, 644. [Neotype designated.]} 
The male type of decepta was studied and found to be the same as 

sericeus (Say). 


NEARCTIC TRICHOPTERA—FLINT 3881 





Ficure 3.—Pycnopsyche virginica: a, male genitalia, lateral; b, clasper, caudal. Psychronia 
brevipennis: c, female genitalia, lateral; d, mesal processes of eighth sternum, ventral; 
eé, genitalia, dorsal. Limnephilus pallens: f, male genitalia, lateral; g, cercus and tenth 
tergite, caudal; A, aedeagus, lateral. Limnephilus sperryi: 1, male genitalia, lateral; 
j, aedeagus, lateral. Limnephilus bifidus: k, female genitalia, lateral; /, genitalia, dorsal. 
Limnephilus concolor: m, female genitalia, lateral and slightly caudal; ”, genitalia, dorsal. 


Asynarchus montanus Banks 


Asynarchus montanus Banks, 1907, p. 119. 

Anabolia curta Banks, 1920, p. 345, fig. 57. [New synonymy.] 
Limnephilus curtus.— Ross, 1938b, p. 35. [Lectotype designated.] 
Limnephilus montanus.— Ross, 1938b, p. 37. [Lectotype designated. | 
Asynarchus curtus.—Schmid, 1954, pp. 81-84, figs. 18, 19. 


The female lectotype of montanus was studied and found to be the 
female of the species generally called eurtus (Banks). Schmid in 1954 
synonymized Limnephilus batchawana Denning and L. conerus Ross 
with curtus Banks, all of which now fall under montanus Banks. 

16299) 66s 


382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Platycentropus indistinctus (Walker) 


Limnephilus indistinctus Walker, 1852, p. 37. 
Platycentropus indistinctus.—Better and Mosely, 1940, pp. 159-161, fig. 80. [Holo- 
type figured.] 
Hylepsyche fraternus Banks, 1943, pp. 349-350, fig. 33. [New synonymy.] 
The female type of fraternus is inseparable in any way from the 
female of indistinctus. 


Platycentropus amicus (Hagen) 

Hallesus amicus Hagen, 1861, pp. 265-266. 
Platycentropus plectrus Ross, 1938a, pp. 169-170, fig. 111. [New synonymy.] 

The unique female type of amicus was studied and found to be the 
female of the species more recently described as plectrus by Ross. 
In addition to the female type of amicus and a male paratype of 
plectrus, I have seen the following specimens: Manumuskin, N.J., 
Oct. 8, 1901, 1 female; Kingston, R.I., Sept. 6, 1907, Barlow, 1 
female; Lakehurst, N.J., Aug, 31. 1955, Anderson and Franclemont, 
2 females; Sept. 1, 1956, Knowlton and Franclemont, 1 male. 


Family Leptoceridae 
Setodes guttatus (Banks) 
FIGURE 4c 
Oecetina guttatus Banks, 1900, p. 257. 


Because no figure of the male of this species has been published, the 
accompanying one of the type was prepared. 


Triaenodes helo Milne 
Fiaures 4a,b 
Triaenodes helo Milne, 1934, p. 12. 

The figures were prepared from the unique type of the species which 
has not been figured previously. The genitalia of the type are badly 
broken, the dorsal processes of the tenth tergum, the cerci, and the 
aedeagus are broken off and missing, and the claspers with their attached 
processes are dissociated from the rest of the capsule. (They are 
shown in their probable position in the accompanying figure.) 


Athripsodes slossonae Banks 
Athripsodes slossonae Banks, 1938, p. 77; fig. 7 
Athripsodes ophioderus Ross, 1938a, p. 157, fig. 92. [New synonymy.] 
Athripsodes daggyt Denning, 1947, p. 254, fig. 6. [New synonymy.] 

The type of slossonae does not seem to differ significantly from the 
descriptions of ophioderus and daggyi. The few examples seen of this 
species all differ slightly among themselves in the exact contours of 
the genital parts but agree closely in their general structure, leading 
to the conclusion that this species is somewhat variable. 











NEARCTIC TRICHOPTERA—FLINT 383 


Athripsedes transversus (Hagen) 


Leptocerus transversus Hagen, 1861, p. 279. 
Leptocerus inornatus Banks, 1914, p. 263, fig. 42. [New synonymy.] 
Athripsodes transversus.—Ross, 1944, p. 233, fig. 790, 797. 

Both the holotype of inornatus at the U.S. National Museum and a 
male paratype at the Museum of Comparative Zoology are unques- 
tionably denuded specimens of transversus. 


Leptocella albida (Walker) 


Leptocerus albidus Walker, 1852, p. 71. 

Leptocella coloradensis Banks, 1899, p. 215. [New synonymy.] 

Leptocella gracilis Banks, 1904, p. 110. [Preoccupied.] 

Leptocella exilis Banks, 1905, p. 19. [New name for gracilis Banks 1904. New 

Ssynonymy.] 

Leptocella coloradensis.—Ross, 1938b, p. 22. [Lectotype designated.] 

Leptocella albida.—Betten and Mosely, 1940, pp. 61-63, fig.28. [Holotype figured.] 
The types of both coloradensis and exilis are males, and their geni- 

talia and that of albida all seem identical. In coloration both seem 


well within the variability of albida as presently defined. 


Leptocella minuta Banks 


Leptocella minuta Banks, 1900, p. 257. 
Leptocella minuta.—Ross, 1938b, p. 22. [Lectotype designated.] 

Although this species is also a probable synonym of albida, it is not 
being synonymized at present because the male allotype lacks its 
abdomen and shows small colorational differences. The types are 
slightly smaller than typical of albida and bear a few small brownish 
spots along the veins apically. 


Leptocella texana Banks 
Leptocella tecana Banks, 1905, p. 19. 


At some time the species labels in the collection of the Museum of 
Comparative Zoology for this species and the next became transposed. 
The labels on the specimens, however, are still correct. This trans- 
position of labels led Ross (1938) to designate a lectotype for tezana 
from the syntypic series of intervena, clearly an invalid designation. 

The unique type of tezana lacks abdomen but is probably a female. 
The wings are white but heavily marked with brown along the veins. 


Leptocella intervena Banks 


Leptocella intervena Banks, 1914, p. 262, figs. 15, 50. 
Leptocella texcana.—Ross (not Banks), 1938b, p. 23. 
Leptocella diarina Ross, 1944, pp. 218-219, figs. 752-760. {New synonymy.] 

As mentioned under tezana, the species labels of this and the pre- 
ceding were transposed, causing Ross (1938b) to make an invalid 
lectotype designation for texana. 


384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 





Figure 4.—Triaenodes helo: a, male genitalia, lateral; b, clasper, ventral. Setodes guttatus: 
c, male genitalia, lateral. Leptocella stigmatica: d, clasper, lateral. Brachycentrus 
incanus: e, female ninth and tenth terga, lateral; f, eighth sternum, ventral. Brachycentrus 
nigrisoma: g, female ninth and tenth terga, lateral; h, eighth sternum, ventral. Oligo- 
plectrum dimicki: i, male genitalia, lateral; 7, cerci, anterodorsal; k, tenth tergum, dorsal. 
Pseudogoera singularis: l, male genitalia, lateral; m, clasper, ventral. 





NEARCTIC TRICHOPTERA—FLINT 385 


Part of the syntypic series of intervena is at the U.S. National 
Museum, where the type was stated to be placed, and part at the 
Museum of Comparative Zoology. I am designating here as lectotype 
a male in the collection of the U.S. National Museum, bearing the 
following labels: ‘Zavalla Co., Nueces Riv. IV.26.10 Tx/at light/ 
Hunter & Pratt Coll/Type No. 18273 U.S.N.M./Leptocella intervena 
Bks. Type [in Banks’ writing]/Lectotype Leptocella intervena Bks. 
Designated Flint 1965.” 

The only difference between the lectotype of intervena and a male 
paratype of diarina at the Museum of Comparative Zoology is in the 
darkness of the V-marks along the posterior margin of the forewing. 
In diarina they are nearly black, in intervena mostly brown, a difference 
I do not think to be of specific value, considering the lack of other 
characters. 

In all likelihood more material will show intervena to be a synonym 
of texana and possibly even of albida. 


Leptocella stigmatica Banks 
Ficure 4d 
Leptocella stigmatica Banks, 1914, p. 262, fig. 48. 
Leptocella stigmatica Ross, 1938b, pp. 22-23. [Lectotype designated.] 
This species is recognized easily by its nearly black coloration and 
the large eyes and shape of the clasper in the male. 


Family Brachycentridae 
Genus Brachycentrus 


The genus Brachycentrus in northeastern North America contains 
at least six species easily recognized in the male sex. In certain 
species the females are also distinctive, for example, B. nigrisoma 
(Banks), B. lateralis (Say), and B. americanus (Banks). However, 
there are three species, B. incanus Hagen, B. numerosus (Say), and 
B. fuliginosus Walker, in which I am totally unable to differentiate 
between the females. To compound this difficulty, the types of two 
of these, incanus and fuliginosus, are unique females. Because, 
then, I am unable to obtain conclusive evidence from the types as to 
which name goes with which species, the names will be applied here 
as they are recognized in the literature. 


Brachycentrus incanus Hagen 
FicureEs 4e,f 


Brachycentrus incanus Hagen, 1861, p. 272. 
Brachycentrus incanus.—Denning, 1941, pp. 202-203, fig. 8. [Male allotype 
designated. ] 


Figures are here presented of the female type of this species. 


386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


There is enough variation in this species and numerosus so that all 
characters which were thought to be distinctive were found to overlap 
when more material was examined. 

IT have seen males of this species from the District of Columbia, 
Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Ontario, Pennsylvania, and 
Virginia. 

Brachycentrus numerosus (Say) 
Phryganea numerosa Say, 1823, p. 160. 
Brachycentrus numerosus.—Ross, 1944, pp. 264-265, figs. 899, 902. [Neotypes 
designated. ] 

Although males of this species and the preceding are easily separated, 
no differences could be found between the females. 

Males of this species from Massachusetts, Michigan, North Caro- 
lina, and Quebec were studied. 


Brachycentrus fuliginosus Walker 
Brachycentrus fuliginosus Walker, 1852, p. 88. 
Brachycentrus fuliginosus.—Betten and Mosely, 1940, pp. 177-178, fig. 89. [Holo- 
type figured.] 
Brachycentrus fuliginosus.—Leonard and Leonard, 1949, pp. 7-8, figs. 5-8. [Male 
figured. ] 

The figures of the female type presented by Betten and Mosely 
do not show any differences from females of incanus or numerosus. 
Figures of a male, presumed to be this species, are to be found in 
Leonard and Leonard. The species, of which I have seen no examples, 
is recorded from Michigan, Ontario, and Quebec. 


Brachycentrus lateralis (Say) 
Phryganea lateralis Say, 1823, p. 161. 
Brachycentrus lateralis.—Ross, 1944, pp. 265-266, figs. 900, 903. [Neotypes 
designated. ] 

This species appears to have paler legs, antennae, and pilosity 
than related species. It is possible to separate the females of this 
species from those of the incanus type. In J/ateralis the setal area 
of the ninth and tenth terga is confined to the apical third, rather 
than occupying a half or more of the segment. 

Males from Illinois, Michigan, Quebec, and Pennsylvania were 
examined. 

Brachycentrus nigrisoma (Banks) 


Figures 49,h 


Sphinctogaster nigrisoma Banks, 1905, p. 12. 
Brachycentrus notabulus Milne, 1936, p. 112. [New synonymy.] 


The unique female type of this species was studied and found to be 
identical to the female allotype of notabulus Milne. ‘The female sex 











NEARCTIC TRICHOPTERA—FLINT 387 


is quite distinctive in this species, in the shape of both the ninth and 
tenth terga and the eighth sternum. 
Material from New York and Virginia has been seen. 


Oligoplectrum dimicki (Milne) 
Figures 47-k 
Brachycentrus dimicki Milne, 1936, p. 112. 


Because no figures of this species have been published previously, 
the male type is illustrated here. 


Uncertain Placement 
Pseudogoera singularis Carpenter 
Figures 4/,m 
Pseudogoera singularis Carpenter, 1933, p. 38, figs. 2, 12. 


Additional figures of the male type of this species are presented here. 
The genitalia show a single dorsal plate flanked by a pair of slightly 
ventrad plates which have a button-like cercus at their bases. The 
clasper has a small mesal hook near its apex. This plan of the geni- 
talia seems quite different from that of the Goerinae and it is unlike 
that of any other taxon with which I am familiar. Several searches 
at the type locality, Deep Creek near Bryson City, N.C., have failed 
to turn up any more adult examples or larvae likely to be those of this 
species. 

Pending more information, P. singularis, therefore, is retained in the 
Goerinae, where originally it was placed. 


Literature Cited 


Banks, NATHAN 

1897. New North American neuropteroid insects. Trans. Amer. Ent. 
Soc., vol. 24, pp. 21-81. 

1899. Descriptions of new North American neuropteroid insects. Trans. 
Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 25, pp. 199-218. 

1900. New genera and species of Nearctic neuropteroid insects. Trans. 
Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, pp. 239-259. 

1901. Some insects of the Hudsonian Zone in New Mexico: Neuropteroid 
insects. Psyche, vol. 9, pp. 286-287. 

1904. Neuropteroid insects from New Mexico. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 
vol. 30, pp. 97-110. 

1905. Descriptions of new Nearctic neuropteroid insects. Trans. Amer. 
Ent. Soc., vol. 32, pp. 1-20. 

1907. Descriptions of new Trichoptera. Proc. Ent. Soe. Washington, vol. 
8, pp. 117-133. 

1908a. Some Trichoptera, and allied insects, from Newfoundland. Psyche, 
vol. 15, pp. 61-67. 

1908b. Neuropteroid insects—notes and descriptions. Trans. Amer. Ent. 
Soc., vol. 34, pp. 255-267. 


1911. Descriptions of new species of North American neuropteroid insects. 


Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 37, pp. 355-360. 


1914. American Trichoptera—notes and descriptions. Canadian Ent., vol. 


46, pp. 149-156, 201-205, 252-258, 261-268. 
1920. New Neuropteroid insects. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., 
vol. 64, pp. 297-862. 


1924. Descriptions of new neuropteroid insects. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 


Harvard Coll., vol. 65, pp. 421-455. 
1938. New native neuropteroid insects. Psyche, vol. 45, pp. 72-79. 
1943. Notes and descriptions of Nearctic Trichoptera. Bull. Mus. Comp. 
Zool. Harvard Coll., vol. 92, pp. 341-369. 
BETTEN, CorNELIUS B.,and Mosrtry, Martin E. 
1940. The Francis Walker types of Trichoptera in the British Museum, 248 pp. 
CARPENTER, FRANK M. 
1933. Trichoptera from the mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee. 
Psyche, vol. 40, pp. 32-47. 
DENNING, DONALD G. 
1941. Descriptions and notes of new and little-known species of Trichoptera. 
Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 34, pp. 195-203. 
1947. New species of Trichoptera from the United States. Ent. News, vol. 
58, pp. 249-257. 
1965. New Hydropsychidae. Journ. Kansas Ent. Soc., vol. 38, pp. 75-84. 
Hacen, Herman A. 
1861. Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America. Smithsonian Misc. 
Coll., vol. 4, art. 1, xx + 347 pp. 


388 





NEARCTIC TRICHOPTERA—FLINT 389 


1875. Report of the Pseudo-Neuroptera collected by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter 
in 1873 in Colorado. Jn U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. Report for 1873, 
pp. 571-606. 
LEONARD, JusTIN W., and LEONARD, FANNIE A. 
1949. Noteworthy records of caddis flies from Michigan, with descriptions 
of new species. Ocecas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 520, 
pp. 1-8: 
McLacuuan, Rosert L. 
1872. Matériaux pour servir 4 une faune névroptérologique de |’ Asie sep- 
tentrionale, 2: Non Odonates. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 15, pp. 
47-77. 
Mitnez, Lorus J. 
1934. Studies in North American Trichoptera, pt. 1, pp. 1-19. 
1936. Studies in North American Trichoptera, pt. 3, pp. 56-128. 
Ross, Hersert H. 
1938a. Descriptions of Nearctic caddis flies (Trichoptera) with special ref- 
erence to the Illinois species. Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull., vol. 21, 
art. 4, pp. 101-183. 
1938b. Lectotypes of North American caddis flies in the Museum of Com- 
parative Zoology. Psyche, vol. 45, pp. 1-61. 
1941. Descriptions and records of North American Trichoptera. Trans. 
Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 67, pp. 35-126. 
1944. The caddis flies, or Trichoptera, of Illinois. Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv. 
Bull., vol. 23, art. 1, pp. 1-326. 
Say, THomas 
1823. Descriptions of insects belonging to the order Neuroptera Linné and 
Latreille, collected by the expedition under the command of Major 
Long. West. Quart. Report., vol. 2, pp. 160-165. 
1824. From the narrative of the expedition to the source of the St. Peter’s 
River, ete., under the command of Stephen H. Long, Major U.S.T.E., 
vol. 2, pp. 268-378. 
ScHmiIp, FERNAND 
1954. Le genre Asynarchus MeL. (Trichopt., Limnoph.). Mitteil. Schweiz. 
Ent. Gesell., vol. 27, pp. 57-96. 
WALKER, FRANCIS 
1852. Catalogue of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of 
the British Museum, pt. 1, 192 pp. 














Berocecdings of 


Phe United States 





National Museum 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION e¢ WASHINGTON, D.C. 


Volume 118 1966 Number 3531 


NEOTROPICAL MICROLEPIDOPTERA, VIII! 


A REVIEW OF THE GENUS FALCULINA 
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES 
(LEPIDOPTERA: STENOMIDAE) 


By W. Donatp Duckwortu 
Associate Curator, Division of Lepidoptera 


This paper represents part of a continuing study of the Neotropical 
moths of the family Stenomidae and presents for the first time, since 
the genus Falculina Zeller was established in 1877, illustrations, 
descriptions, and keys to all the known species. In addition, during 
the course of the study, two new species were encountered and are 
described herein. 

Although the genus Falculina is composed of moderate-sized and 
rather strikingly marked moths, it is rare in collections. As a result, 
information concerning distribution is fragmentary and that con- 
cerning host plants and biology completely lacking. It is hoped that 


1 Prepared with the aid of a National Science Foundation Grant. Previous parts 
of this same series are: I and II, Clarke, 1962, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 113, 
no. 3457, pp. 373-388; III, Clarke, 1964, ibid., vol. 115, no. 3480, pp. 61-84; IV, 
Duckworth, 1964, ibid., vol. 116, no. 3497, pp. 97-114; V, Obraztsov, 1964, ibid., 
vol. 116, no. 3501, pp. 183-196; VI, Clarke, 1964, ibid., vol. 116, no. 3502, pp. 197- 
204; VII, Obraztsov, 1965, ibid., vol. 118, no. 3527, pp. 221-232. 


391 


392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


this study will stimulate collectors to provide additional specimens 
and biological data. 

The author wishes to acknowledge with thanks the cooperation 
and aid of the following persons who have allowed him to study the 
types and specimens in their charge: Mr. J. D. Bradley of the British 
Museum (Natural History); Dr. J. G. Franclemont of Cornell Univer- 
sity; Dr. H. J. Hannermann of the Institut fiir Spezielle Zoologie and 
Zoologisches Museum der Humbolt-Universitét zu Berlin; and Dr. 
Fritz Kasy of the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria. 

The author also wishes to thank Mr. Andre Pizzini for the genitalic 
drawings and distribution maps included in this paper and Mr. Jack 
Scott for the photographic work. 

The work on this paper was aided in part by the National Science 
Foundation on Grant GB-1800. 

History: The genus Falculina was described by Zeller (1877) for 
a new species, ochricostata, which he described from a single female 
specimen. Meyrick (1916) redescribed the genus, added a new 
species, lepidota, and gave a brief description of a male from French 
Guiana believed by him to be that of ochricostata. One year later 
Meyrick (1917) described a new species, antitypa, and reported that 
this new species was described from the French Guiana material he 
had mistakenly identified as ochricostata. He also states that he is 
‘Gndebted to Mr. A. Busck for examples of the true ochricostata from 
Panama, distinguishable from antitypa by the smaller size, partial 
rosy tinge of forewings, and especially by having 7 and 8 of the fore- 
wings stalked, as Zeller correctly states.”” Fifteen years later Meyrick 
(1932) described F’. caustopis from a single male specimen from Brazil. 
Busck (1934) listed Faleulina and the four described species in the 
Stenomidae part of the Lepidopterorum Catalogus series. Clarke 
(1955) selected lectotypes and illustrated the genitalia and wings of 
antitypa and lepidota in his study of the Meyrick types in the British 
Museum (Natural History). 


Genus Falculina Zeller 
Falculina Zeller, 1877, Hor. Soc. Ent. Rossica, vol. 13, p. 385. 


Type species: Falculina ochricostata Zeller, by monotypy. 

Head rough, lateral tufts spreading. Labial palpus moderately 
long, recurved; second segment thickened with appressed scales; 
apical segment acute, shorter than second. Forewing with costa 
slightly arched, apex falcate, termen concave, tornus rounded, with 
12 veins, 3 and 4 connate, 5 approximate to 3 and 4, 7 and 8 stalked 
or separate, 7 to termen. Hindwing broader than forewing; with 8 
veins, 3 and 4 connate, 5 closely approximate to 3 and 4, 6 and 7 


; 


. 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


NEOTROPICAL MICROLEPIDOPTERA, VIII—DUCKWORTH 393 


stalked. Abdomen of males with strong, eversible pair of hair pencils 
contained in an elongate cuplike pocket on first sternum (fig. 1a). 

Male genitalia: Uncus simple or furcate, erect or strongly recurved; 
gnathos with separate arms, with or without yokelike connection from 
their bases; subscaphium present or absent; harpe simple, furcate 
setae present; anellus with four lateral lobes, ventral pair simple, 
setiferous, dorsal pair larger, variously shaped; aedeagus with or 
without long lateral process, entrance of ductus ejaculatorius lateral, 
cornuti present or absent. 

Female genitalia: Ostium bursae sclerotized; ductus bursae mem- 
branous; inception of ductus seminalis near ostium; corpus bursae 
membranous, with a heavily sclerotized, dumbbell-shaped, dentate 
signum. 

This genus is unique in that it is recognized easily by its wing shape 
and maculation, a situation not common in the stenomids. No other 
genus in the family has the falcate wing apex and curious wing macula- 
tion which Meyrick (1916) referred to as “an aspect of reptilian 
mimicry.” As regards ‘reptilian mimicry,” I have not been able to 
locate any prior or subsequent application of this term and must 
simply presume that Meyrick detected a resemblance between the 
maculation of the moths of this genus and the scaling of reptiles. 

The genitalia provide a number of distinguishing characters for the 
genus. In the males the lateral entrance of the ductus ejaculatorius 
into the aedeagus plus the separate gnathal arms associated with 
either a yokelike connection from their bases or a subscaphium on the 
tuba analis. In the females the inception of the ductus seminalis just 
before the ostium, membranous ductus bursae, and dumbbell-shaped 
signum readily distinguish the genus. 


Key to the Species of Falculina Based on the Genitalia 


1. Male 2 
Female : 7 
2. Subscaphium eed 3 
Subscaphium absent . Mk Ft eee ey eh aie 4 
Be UMCUSMERUNCATC ADIGA Y 6. Zs 05 3 mod ae os LF. nchrienstacn Zeller 
Uncus strongly furcate apically. . . . . . . »F. Kasyi, new species 
4. Ventral edge of harpe clothed with short, irene SELAG EMEA cies cons 5 
Ventral edge of harpe not clothed with short, heavy setae ...... 6 
5. Short, heavy setae extending to apex of harpe.. . . .F. bella, new species 


Short, heavy setae not extending beyond apical third of ventral margin. 
F. lepidota Meyrick 
6. Anellus with one dorsal lobe large, curved laterad, apex irregularly truncate. 
F. antitypa Meyrick 
Anellus with one dorsal lobe large, curved laterad, apex acute. 
F. caustopis Meyrick 


394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


7. Lamella antevaginalis reniform ......... . .F.lepidota Meyrick 
Lamella antevaginalis not reniform .. . [A ae ene 8 
8. Posterior margin of lamella antevaginalis broadly notched: 
F. kasyi, new species 
Posterior margin of lamella antevaginalis narrowly cleft. 
F. antitypa Meyrick 
Falculina ochricostata Zeller 
Ficures la-d, 4; Puats 1 (Fria. 1) 
Falculina ochricostata Zeller, 1877, Hor. Soc. Ent. Rossica, vol. 13, p. 385, figs. 
135a, b. 

Alar expanse 22-28 mm. 

Antenna whitish basally, brown beyond. Head whitish shaded 
laterally with orange; second segment of labial palpus orange on 
outer side, white on inner side, apical segment white. Legs whitish 
shaded with orange. Thorax brownish ochreous irregularly spotted 
with fuscous. Forewing with veins 7 and 8 stalked; brownish ochreous 
becoming whitish towards costa basally; costa orange; basal half of 
wing more or less irregularly spotted with fuscous including two round 
fuscous spots enclosed by a ring of ground color at basal third; a 
line of indistinct fuscous dots from middle of costa to near termen 
beneath apex then sharply angulated and sinuate to dorsum before 
tornus; a terminal series of fuscous dots from apex to tornus. Cilia 
brownish. Hindwing stramineous basally deepening to bright yellow 
apically; cilia whitish. 

Male genitalia: See figures (slide W.D.D. 2632). Uncus erect, 
truncate apically; gnathos two separate spiny arms; subscaphium 
present, bearing small spines apically; harpe of approximately uni- 
form width throughout, apical third recurved approximately 45°; 
anellus with four lateral lobes, ventral pair small, setiferous humps, 
dorsal pair curved slightly laterad, bladelike in shape, apically acute; 
aedeagus simple, vesica without cornuti. 

Female genitalia: Unknown. 

Type: In the Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt-Universitat zu 
Berlin. 

Type locality: Unknown. 

Distribution: Panama: Trinidad River (June, Sept.) ; La Chorrera 
(May). Costa Rica: Tuis [no date]. 

I have examined Zeller’s type, a single female without abdomen, 
and associated it with material from Central America collected by 
Busck and identified by him as ochricostata. Zeller described ochri- 
costata from material in the Staudinger Museum and, although 
Zeller’s type is without locality data, the fact that most of the species 
described in the same paper were collected in Central America by 


NEOTROPICAL MICROLEPIDOPTERA, VIII—DUCKWORTH 395 


H. Ribbe, who was at that time curator of the Staudinger Museum, 
lends considerable support to the association with Busck’s material. 

On the basis of external characters such as maculation, venation, 
etc., ochricostata is inseparable from kasy:. However, the genitalia 
afford abundant distinguishing characters of which the truncate 
uncus in the males of ochricostata as compared to strongly furcate 
uncus in kasyi is the most prominent. Since the only known female 
of ochricostata, the type, is without abdomen no distinguishing charac- 
ters for the females can at present be given. 


Falculina kasyi, new species 
FIGuRES 2a, 3b, 4; PuaTE 1 (FIG. 2) 

Alar expanse 26-28 mm. 

Antenna, head, legs, thorax, forewing, and hindwing as in 
ochricostata. 

Male genitalia: See figures (slide W.D.D. 2525, type). Uncus 
erect, strongly furcate apically; gnathos two separate arms, recurved 
and spatulate apically; subscaphium present, without apical spines; 
harpe broad, basally narrowing near midpoint; anellus with four 
lateral lobes, the ventral pair very slight setiferous elevations, the 
dorsal pair broad basally, excavated sharply near apex forming 
recurved, flat lobes; aedeagus simple, vesica without cornuti. 

Female genitalia: See figures (slide A. Buseck 1001, paratype). 
Posterior margin of lamella antevaginalis broadly notched; ostium 
bursae pouchlike; ductus bursae membranous. 

Type: Moengo, Boven, Cottica R., Surinam. USNM 67227. 

Distribution: Surinam: Moengo, Boven, Cottica R. (May); 
Kwakoegron, Saramacca R. (June). French Guiana: Saint Jean, 
Maroni R. [no date]. Brazil: Ponte Nova, Rio Xingu [no date]. 

Described from the male holotype, May 14, 1927, Moengo, Boven, 
Cottica R., Surinam; two male paratypes (Wm. Schaus), Saint Jean, 
Maroni, R., French Guiana, June 9, 1927, June 11, 1927, Kwakoegron, 
Saramacca R., Surinam; and one female paratype (Dognin Coll.), 
Ponte Nova, Rio Xingu, Amazonas. 

This species is related very closely to ochricostata and characters 
for separation of the males were given in the discussion of that species. 
The broadly notched posterior margin of the lamella antevaginalis 
in the female genitalia readily separates kasyi from the other known 
females of Faleulina. 

I take great pleasure in naming this species in honor of Dr. Fritz 
Kasy, distinguished lepidopterist at the Naturhistorisches Museum, 
Vienna, Austria, who has been of invaluable aid in my study of the 
family Stenomidae. 


396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Falculina antitypa Meyrick 


FicurReEs 2b, 3a, 4; PLats | (Fic. 3) 
Falculina antitypa Meyrick, 1917, Exotie Microlepidoptera, vol. 2, p. 58. 

Alar expanse 24-36 mm. 

Antenna white basally, brown beyond. Head whitish ochreous, 
shaded slightly with ochreous laterally; second segment of labial 
palpus grayish on outer side, white on inner side, apical segment 
white. Legs whitish, slightly shaded with fuscous. Thorax as in 
ochricostata. Forewing as in ochricostata except veins 7 and 8 
separate. Hindwing as in ochricostata. 

Male genitalia: See figures (slide W.D.D. 2640). Uncus curved 
approximately 90° ventrad at midpoint; gnathos consisting of two 
separate, apically acute arms with yokelike ventral connection from 
their bases; subscaphium absent; harpe narrow, slightly curved, 
apically acute; anellus with four lateral lobes, the ventral pair short, 
setiferous, the dorsal pair asymmetrical, one apically acute, bladelike, 
the other long, curved, trumpet-like, apex irregularly truncate; 
aedeagus with a long, curved, lateral process, vesica clothed apically 
with small spines. 

Female genitalia: See figures (slide W.D.D. 3063). Posterior mar- 
gin of lamella antevaginalis narrowly cleft; ostium bursae with two 
heavily sclerotized, pouchlike areas; ductus bursae long, membranous. 

Type: In the British Museum (Natural History). 

Type locality: Rio Maroni, French Guiana. 

Distribution: French Guiana: Rio Maroni [no date]. 

I have examined specimens from Meyrick’s original series and the 
photograph of the type specimen given in Clarke (1955). This 
species is very distinct on the basis of characters of the genitalia. 
The long trumpet-like anellar lobe in the male genitalia and the 
narrowly cleft posterior margin of the lamella antevaginalis in the 
female genitalia readily separates antitypa from the other species of 
Falculina. 

Falculina caustopis Meyrick 


FIGuRES 2c, 5; PLATE 1 (FIG. 4) 
Falculina caustopis Meyrick, 1932, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 4, p. 288. 

Alar expanse 29 mm. 

Antenna whitish, shaded with gray basally, fuscous beyond. Head 
grayish white, shaded laterally with orange; second segment of labial 
palpus orange, shaded with fuscous on outer side, white on inner side, 
apical segment white, slightly shaded with fuscous at apex. Legs 
whitish, foreleg heavily shaded with fuscous. Thorax brown, shaded 
with fuscous. Forewing with veins 7 and 8 closely approximated at 
base; brown with faint pinkish tinge; basal half of wing mottled with 


NEOTROPICAL MICROLEPIDOPTERA, VIII—DUCKWORTH 397 


fuscous scales; costal edge fulvous; a faint fuscous subterminal line 
from middle of costa to near termen beneath apex, then sharply 
angulated and sinuate to dorsum before tornus; a terminal series of 
fuscous dots. Cilia concolorus with ground color. Hindwing bright 
yellow basally, apical fourth fuscous; cilia fuscous. 

Male genitalia: See figures (slide W.D.D. 3125, type). Uncus erect, 
rounded apically; gnathos as in antitypa; subscaphium absent; harpe 
narrow, slightly curved, bluntly pointed apically; anellus with four 
lateral lobes, ventral pair simple, setiferous, dorsal pair asymmetrical, 
one long, curved 90° laterad near apex, inner margin serrate at apical 
third, apex acute, other shorter, slightly curved laterad, apically 
acute; aedeagus with a thin, straight lateral process, vesica clothed 
with tiny spines. 

Female genitalia: Unknown. 

Type: In the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria. 

Type locality: Teffé, Amazonas, Brazil. 

Distribution: Brazil: Teffé, Amazonas [no date]. 

Through the courtesy of Dr. Fritz Kasy, Naturhistorisches Museum, 
Vienna, I have had the opportunity to study Meyrick’s type specimen 
which is the only known example of this species. The fuscous margin 
on the hindwing and the large, hooked lateral process of the aedeagus 
in the male genitalia readily distinguish caustopis. 


Falculina lepidota Meyrick 


FicurEs 2d, 3f, 5; PLaTs | (Fa. 5) 
Falculina lepidota Meyrick, 1916, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 1, p. 482. 

Alar expanse 28-36 mm. 

Antenna whitish basally, brown beyond. Head whitish, shaded 
laterally with yellow; second segment of labial palpus whitish, shaded 
with yellow ochreous on outer side, white on inner side, apical segment 
white. Legs whitish ochreous, shaded with brown. Thorax as in 
caustopis. Forewing with veins 7 and 8 separate; maculation as in 
caustopis. Hindwing in female grayish basally, yellow apically; in 
male fuscous tinged with yellow ochreous at apex; cilia whitish 
ochreous in female, grayish ochreous in male. 

Male genitalia: See figures (slide W.D.D. 2641). Uncus short, 
curved ventrad, apically acute; gnathos two separate truncate 
arms with yokelike ventral connection from their bases; subscaphium 
absent; harpe broad basally, ventral edge clothed in short, heavy 
setae from basal third to apical third; anellus with four lateral lobes, 
ventral pair simple, setiferous, dorsal pair asymmetrical, one longer, 
apically acute, bladelike, other shorter, twisted, apically rounded; 
aedeagus with a long, recurved lateral process, vesica clothed with 
tiny spines. 


398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Female genitalia: See figures (slide W.D.D. 3064). Lamella 
antevaginalis reniform; ostium bursae simple; ductus bursae long, 
membranous. 

Type: In the British Museum (Natural History). 

Type locality: Rio Maroni, French Guiana. 

Distribution. French Guiana: Rio Maroni [no date]. 

This species is very closely related to bella new species; however, 
the long, recurved, lateral aedeagal process and the short, heavy 
setae on the ventral edge of the harpe not extending to the apex 
readily separates the males. Since the female of bella, new species 
is not known, it is at present impossible to compare the females. 
However, the reniform lamella antevaginalis in the female genitalia 
distinguishes lepidota from the other known females in the genus. 


Falculina bella, new species 


FIGURES 2e, 5; Plate 1 (Fic. 6) 


Alar expanse 28 mm. 

Antenna whitish. Head whitish, slightly shaded laterally with 
ochreous; second segment of labial palpus white, slightly shaded with 
ochreous on outer side, white on inner side, apical segment white. 
Legs whitish, foreleg shaded with brown. Thorax as in ochricostata. 
Forewing with veins 7 and 8 separate; maculation as in ochricostata. 
Hindwing as in ochricostata. 

Male genitalia: See figures (slide W.D.D. 3060, type). Uncus 
short, recurved, blunt apically; gnathos two separate apically acute 
arms, dorsal margin at apex serrate, with yokelike ventral connection 
from their bases; subscaphium absent; harpe broad basally, ventral 
edge clothed in short, heavy setae from basal third to apex; anellus 
with four lateral lobes, ventral pair simple, setiferous, dorsal pair 
asymmetrical, one longer, apically acute, bladelike, the other short, 
broad, flaplike; aedeagus with a long, curved lateral process, vesica 
clothed with tiny spines. 

Female genitalia: Unknown. 

Type: Above Obidos, Amazon, Brazil. USNM 67228. 

Distribution: Brazil: above Obidos (Sept.). 

Described from the male holotype, Sept. 10, 1920, above Obidos, 
Amazon, Brazil. 

This species is related very closely to lepidota and a comparison 
of distinguishing characters has been included in the discussion of 
that species. 


NEOTROPICAL MICROLEPIDOPTERA, VIII—DUCKWORTH 399 


Literature Cited 


Busck, A. 

1934. Stenomidae. Jn Lepidopterorum catalogus, vol. 67, pp. 1-73. 
CLARKE, J. F. G. 

1955. Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British 

Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 2. 

Meyrick, E. 

1916. Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 1, p. 482. 

1917. Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 2, p. 58. 

1932. Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 4, p. 288. 
ZELLER, P. C. 

1877. Exotische Microlepidoptera. Hor. Soc. Ent. Rossica, vol. 13, p. 385. 


400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





@®A Pizzini 


Ficure 1.—Falculina ochricostata Zeller: a, lateral view of abdominal segments 1-2; ), 
lateral view of head; c, wing venation; d, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe 


removed. 


NEOTROPICAL MICROLEPIDOPTERA, VIII—DUCKWORTH 40] 


@A..Pizzini 





Ficure 2.—Ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe removed: a, Falculina kasyi, 
new species; b, F. antitypa Meyrick; c, F. caustopis Meyrick; d, F. lepidota Meyrick; e, 
F. bella, new species. 


402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 














@A .Pizzini 


Ficure 3.—Ventral view of female genitalia: a, Falculina antitypa Meyrick; b, F. kasyt, 
new species; c, F. lepidota Meyrick. 





ee 








NEOTROPICAL MICROLEPIDOPTERA, VIII—DUCKWORTH 403 












































F. antitypa Meyr. 
































Ficure 4.—Distribution of species of Falculina. 





VOL. 118 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


404 














F. caustopis Meyr. 














F. lepidota Meyr. 





F. bella n. sp, 
























































Ficure 5.—Distribution of species of Falculina. 





U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1966 








PROG. UlS. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 





Left wings: 1, Falculina ochricostata Zeller; 2, F. kasyi, new species; 3, F. antity4 


4, F. caustopis Mey rick: ae F. lepidota Meyrick; Grelie 


DUCKWORTH—PLATE 1 





1 07 . 
Della, New species. 





Proceedings of 


me United Stateés 





National Museum 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ¢ WASHINGTON, D.C. 


Volume 118 1966 Number 3532 


A REVISION OF THE GENUS FURNARICOLA (MALLOPHAGA) 
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES 


By M. A. Carriker, Jr." 


The present paper has been prepared with much care for two 
reasons: The first and most urgent is to clarify the taxonomic position 
of the genus itself, which has been a controversial one since it was 
placed under the synonomy of Rallicola in the 1952 “Checklist of 
Mallophaga” by Hopkins and Clay. The second reason is to describe 
additional material which has been collected by the author since the 
genus was established in 1944 and also to record its occurrence on 
two other families of birds, from one of which no Mallophaga have 
previously been taken. 

It will be noted that the bird hosts, with very few exceptions, have 
all been collected and prepared by the author himself, which has 
given him an unprecedented opportunity to verify the hosts in question 
and to check on any cases of suspected straggling. 

All measurements are in millimeters and all drawings were prepared 
by the author with the greatest possible accuracy. Types, unless 
otherwise indicated, are in the author’s collection.? 


1 Deceased July 27, 1965. 
2 Mr. Carriker bequeathed his entire collection of Mallophaga to the U.S. 
National Museum, where it is housed in the Department of Entomology. 


405 


406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


The nomenclature of the bird hosts follows that of Peters’ “Birds 
of the World.” 


Genus Furnaricola Carriker, 1944 
Furnaricola Carriker, 1944, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 83. 


Type species: Furnaricola acutifrons Carriker. 

The genus was fully and accurately characterized in the original 
description and in that respect needs no further comment. 

At the time the genus was established 8 species were placed in it, 
5 from the Furnariidae, 2 from the Dendrocolaptidae, and 1 from the 
Formicaridae. Since then (in a paper published in 1963) the 
author has described 3 additional species from the Dendrocolaptidae. 
The hosts of the species from the Formicariidae, described in 1944, 
were under suspicion for some time, since I was under the impression 
that the genus might possibly be restricted to the Furnariidae and 
Dendrocolaptidae. 

Later collecting has yielded numerous species of the genus, not 
only from the above-mentioned two families, but several more from 
the Formicariidae, and also, most unexpectedly, specimens were 
secured from two species of Pipridae (Manakins) and two from the 
genus Scytalopus (Rhynocryptidae), the latter being the first record 
of the taking of Mallophaga on this family of birds. Much care was 
taken in checking these host records, but there seems to be no reason- 
able doubt of their accuracy, especially those from Scytalopus. 

A single female was taken on Pipra pipra comata (central Peru) 
and 1 female from Pipra caeruleicapilla (south Peru). They are 
typical of the genus but of a slightly distinct type, possessing certain 
special characters. 

Two females were taken on Scytalopus magellanicus affinis (north 
Peru) and 2 females on S. m. canus (Colombia). The latter two also 
represent a slightly different type of insect. From the Formicariidae 
the following were secured: 2 pairs from Myrmeciza immaculata, 1 
female from M. laemosticta pallida, and 1 female from Pyriglena picea. 
All are typical Furnaricola and prove conclusively that the genus 
is parasitic on at least five families of the Passeriformes and cannot 
possibly be congeneric with Rallicola. 

In the present paper 4 species from the Dendrocolaptidae, 5 from 
the Furnariidae, 2 from the Formicariidae, 2 from the Pipridae, and 2 
from the Rhynocryptidae are described as new to science. There 
is also another species now in press, from Venezuela, which will be 
noted on succeeding pages. 

This is one of the controversial genera of Mallophaga, which, in 
the 1952 “Checklist of Mallophaga,” was treated as a synonym of 
Rallicoia. 








REVISION OF GENUS FURNARICOLA—CARRIKER 407 


Later Miss Clay published a paper in 1953 on “The Rallicola- 
complex” (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 123, pt. 3, pp. 563-587), in 
which it was maintained that Furnaricola, Epipectus Carriker, and 
Corvicola Carriker were synonyms of Rallicola. However, Epipectus 
is parasitic only on large woodpeckers (Phloeoceastes and Dryocopus, 
especially the former), and Corvicola is from a species of Corvidae 
from Guam Island. 

Her contention is based on the fact that the heads of all three 
genera are of a similar type, that the male genitalia are similar in 
all three, and that a pair of ventral spines is present on each side of 
the distal segment of the abdomen in the females with a fringe of 
short spines around the posterior margin of the last sternite. 

The species of Rallicola, found on the family Rallidae, are a some- 
what heterogenous lot, many of them with strongly dimorphic antennae 
and other outstanding variations; they range in size from very minute 
to quite large. Furnaricola has proven to be a very large, very 
homogenous group in which there is never any sexual dimorphism in 
the antennae; there are also certain differences between it and Rallicola 
in the abdominal structure and chaetotaxy. 

The numerous known species of Furnaricola are all of a similar 
type, with variations in the shape of the head, size of body, and always 
in the male genitalia, but the females are sometimes so closely related 
that their separation, without the male, is often difficult. The only 
certain manner that I have discovered for separation of the females 
is by the chaetotaxy of the last abdominal segment. 

I think that it would be most unwise to place this genus under the 
synonomy of Rallicola, since it would utterly confuse any idea of the 
relationships between the Mallophaga and their hosts. 


Key to Known Males of Furnaricola Based Largely on Genitalia 


A. Paramera bifurcated on inner margin. 
a. Bifureations long and slender, extending backward almost to base. 


b. Head large, with wider frons (.43X.39; frons .108). . . heterocephala 

bb. Head smaller, frons narrower (.40.35; frons .078) . . . . laticephala 
aa. Bifurcation much shorter. 

b. Distal half of outer margin of paramera straight. . . . . . . titicacae 


bb. Distal half of paramera slender and curving inward. 
c. Basal half of paramera wide, in contrast to slender, curving distal 
portion (paramera: .05) . SUA prea Alice . punensis 
cc. Basal portion narrower; paramera long (1.05), tapering gradually 
from base to tip with a reverse curve ...... . . .myrmeciza 
AA. Paramera not bifurcated on inner margin. 
a. Distal portion of paramera straight on outer margin. 
b. Endomera with a rounded median, and pointed lateral, projections on 
basal margin. 
c. Distal portion of paramera very short, with the straight inner margin, 
terminating at tip of endomera. . ..... . . . . parvigenitalis 


408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


cc. Distal portion of parameres as long as wide basal portion and with 
inner margin sharply concave. 
d. Basal plate shorter (.13); wide basal portion of paramera extending 
considerably beyond tip of endomera. . . acutifrons acutifrons 
dd. Basal plate longer (.16); wide basal portion of paramera ending at 
tip of endomera... . . . . . acutifrons subsimilis 
bb. Endomera without ieolodeationst on ahaa margins. 
c. Basal margin of endomera concave. 
d. Paramera long, tapering gradually from base to tip (.11). 
e. Paramera straight on both sides; lateral carinae of basal plate 


swollen basally and with base concave... . . .lachrymosa 
ee. Paramera with distal half slightly concave on inner margin; 
carinae of basal plate not swollen basally . . hirsuta picirostris 


dd. Paramera shorter; basal portion wide; distal portion concave on 
inner margin and tapering or from tip of endomera to short, 
slender tip.-... 2... . . . . . hirsuta hirsuta 

cc. Basal margin of Beene ‘strongly convex; wide basal portion of 
paramera extends far beyond tip of eademerat with slender tip short 
and coneave on inner margin .. . . . . .cephalosa 
aa. Distal portion of paramera slender and more or fens incurved., 

b. Wide basal portion of paramera twice the length of short, slender curving 
Ciera 2 cra beens colombiana 
bb. Basal portion of praca never fwies the length of slender curving tip. 
c. Basal plate much narrower at distal end than at base; wide basal 
portion of paramera concave on outer margin and extending beyond 
the tip of endomera .. . . . . .certhia microgenitalia 

cc. Basal plate wider at distal Sl fie a base. 

d. Basal plate expanded at distal end; paramera rather slender basally, 
and with long, slender, slightly incurving tips longer than the wide 
basal portion . . . . . . . . triangularis 

dd. Basal plate not wider et distal end then! at base. 

e. Basal plate equal in length with paramera; sides straight. 
longifrons 
ee. Basal plate considerably longer than paramera; wide basal 
portion of paramera about equal in length to slender, curving tips. 
certhia certhia 
aaa. Paramera more or less straight, but with undulating outer and inner margins 
which are edged with blackish; endomera large, expanded laterally in me- 
dian portion. ............. . . .fuliginosa antioquénsis 


Key to Known Females of Furnaricola 


(Length of head does not include hyaline tip of frons) 


A. Head at least .05 mm. longer than wide at temples. 
a. Head .075 mm. or more, longer than wide at temples. 
b. Lateral spines on VIII long and slender; not more than 1 long and 3 
short setae back of spines. 

c. Pterothorax narrow (.30), with lateral margins but slightly divergent 
and straight, or almost so (never strongly convex); head with lateral 
margins straight from temples to frons; anterior plate extending 
beyond tips of preantennary carinae. 

d. Head: .466X.36. ......... . . .acutifrons acutifrons 
dd.. Head: 485.35. ...-) 4 8 0 23a 2 aod 3) Sieiparyigenttalis 


REVISION OF GENUS FURNARICOLA—CARRIKER 409 


cc. Pterothorax wider (.315.35), with lateral margins strongly convex. 

d. Abdomen more slender (.48 wide) ; sternal portion of pleurites with 
a prominent projection on inner side, near anterior end. 

acutifrons chocoana 

dd. Abdomen wider (.52), oval; pterothorax with lateral margins 

strongly divergent, convex; pleurites without inner projection 

(headey:4/5@:39) yc ee ee . . . .inexpectata 

bb. Lateral spines on VIII long, sle nee el of eal length; more than 3 
short setae back of spines, usually 6 

c. Sides of head slightly convex; preantennary margin concave; pre- 
antennary carinae normal, submarginal, but not crenulated; 1 long, 
1 medium, and 6 short setae on VIII (head: .47.39) . . longifrons 

cc. Sides of head straight from middle of temples to frons; 1 long, 1 
medium, and 6 short setae on VIII. 

d. Preantennary carinae wider, marginal, but with inner margin 

strongly crenulated (head: .456X.38). .... . . =. . .mirandae 

dd, Preantennary carinae narrow, black, submarginal, and corrugated; 
1 long and 6 short setae back of spines on VIII. 
acutifrons subsimilis 
aa. Head less than .075 mm. longer than wide, but not less than .05 mm. longer 
b. Spines on VIII with anterior one shorter than posterior; pleurites and 
tergites strongly pigmented. 

c. 1 medium long and 4 short setae back of spines on VIII; sides of head 
expanded laterally at clavi; lateral margins of temples flatly convex 
and with distinct, obtuse, posterolateral angles . . . . . laticephala 

ce. 1 very long and 4 short setae back of spines; sides of head not ap- 
preciably expanded at clavi; temples eae circular; frons wide; 
anterior plate wider than foie eo Ne . . . . anabacerthia 

bb. Spines on VIII equal in length; may be eee or ‘anieet, thick or slender. 

c. Spines on VIII very slender and long. 

d. 1 longish and 6 short setae on VIII, all pointing forward from a 
narrow, irregular ridge; posterior half of head also more or less 
quadrilateral; frons narrow. . . . . hirsuta picirostris 

dd. 2 long and 6 short setae on VIII; head expanded laterally at 
antennae; pleurites narrow, black; rcamennne carinae with black, 
irregular inner margins ....... .. .. .hylactiphaga canae 

cc. Spines on VIII short and thick .... . . . . . .quadraticeps 
AA. Head less than 0.5 mm. longer than wide, but more than 0.18 mm. 
a. Size large (body more than 1.80 long); spines on VIII short; 6 medium short 
setae (body length: 1.90; head, .56X%.575) . . . .. =... . .lachrymosa 
aa. Size medium (body 1.60-1.75 long). 

b. Smaller, approximately 1.60 (head: .435X .39), spines on VIII very slender; 
2 long, 1 medium, and 1 short setae; narrow, black, submarginal pre- 
antennary carinae. ....... =... . .hylactiphaga hylactiphaga 

bb. Larger, 1.70-1.75. 
c. Frons narrow (head: .51.48), and almost triangular in shape, but 
slightly expanded laterally at clavi; spines on VIII long and slender; 

1 long and 5 short setae back of spines. . . . . . . . chunchotambo 

cc. Frons wide, with a very wide hyaline tip; temples broadly rounded; 
heads of blackish pleurites more or less pointed; spines on VIII short, 
equal: t lonpand’2 short setae’ - i 20.04. 4604 w 6 Soa ohidleacae 


410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


aaa. Size very small, 1.40—1.55 in length. 

b. Preantennary margin of head straight, or very faintly concave; spines on 
VIII long, anterior one on 1 ee 1 medium, and 1 short setae back 
of spines. . . . E . . . . heterocephala 

bb. Preantennary margin oh fread convex; spines on VII short, posterior one 
the shorter; 1 long and 3 short setae, dhe latter set pans posterior margin 
ofssegment’:. 2 2 5: . . . .myrmeciza 
AAA. Head either wider than ae. fenethh Bu midthh equal or else not more than 
.02 mm. longer than wide. 
a. Head equal in length and breadth, or else wider than long. 

b. Head with length and width at temples equal; anterior spine on VIII the 

longer; 4 long and 3 short setae set on a crenulated ridge . . . triangularis 
bb. Head wider than long; temples expanded laterally (male) . . . cephalosa 
aa. Head not more than .02 mm. longer than wide at temples. 

b. Head triangular in shape, sides straight. 

c. Five short setae set on a crenulated ridge on VIII all point forward; 


4 short and scattered and 1 longish, point backward . . . pipraphaga 
cc. Spines on VIII short and equal; 4 short scattered setae and 1 medium 
long on posterior margin of VIII (head: .50.48) . . . . . pyriglena 


bb. Head triangular in shape but both preantennary margin and temples are 
convex, with head considerably larger (.575  .564) ; spines on VIII long and 
slender; 4 very short and 1 very long setae, back of spines, all of which 
point inward’ Coe Se Bs oles ts hee we San ee eeeercalis 


Furnaricola tergalis, new species 
Ficures 1, la, 2 


Holotype female, and allotype male adults, from Xiphocolaptes a. 
albicollis (Vieillot), collected at Serra do Angrada, Edo. Rio de Janeiro, 
Brazil, by Dr. F. L. Werneck (Carriker type no. 786). 

Diagnosis: One of the largest of the known species of the genus, 
with a very large, triangular-shaped head, with rounded temples and 
very wide frons, and with the hyaline tip unusually wide and circular. 

Pleurites narrow and largely black; tergites reduced in width near 
pleurites and widely separated by hyaline bands. Sternites short 
(transversely) and also widely separated by hyaline bands. Segment 
VIII large, but lateral spines very short, and with 1 rather long and 3 
very short setae posterior to them. 

Male genitalia large; basal plate constricted in median portion, and 
with basal portion curiously complicated (see fig. 2); paramera rather 
short, thickened basally, and with short, slender tips, slightly curving; 
endomera large and of a type common to the genus. Represented by 
the female holotype, male allotype, and 3 male and 2 female paratypes. 

Three females taken on Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus sanctae- 
martae, collected in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, 
cannot be separated from the Brazilian females. Perhaps the male 
genitalia, when known, will be found to differ. 

Measurements follow the next species. 


REVISION OF GENUS FURNARICOLA—CARRIKER 41] 


Furnaricola certhia certhia Carriker, 1963 


FIGURES 2a, 3, 4 
Furnaricola certhia certhia Carriker, 1963, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 13, vol. 5, 
p. 465, figs. 28-30. 
Host: Dendrocolaptes c. certhia (Boddaert). (Carriker type no. 701, 
in British Museum (Natural History); male and female paratypes in 
Carriker collection.) 


One of the larger species, with female much larger than male; 
the frons wide (.105 in both sexes); preantennary portion of head with 
margins strongly concave; basal plate wide (.11 at base); endomera 
short and wide (.06 X.046) ; paramera rather long (.11), with apical half 
slender and curving inward, and with outer margins concave medially 
(see fig. 4). 

Specimens from D. certhia hyleorus and D. c. colombianus, in the 
author’s collection, differ sufficiently from F. certhia to merit sub- 
specific rank and are described below. 


Measurements of F. tergalis, new species, and F’. certhia Carriker 
are as follows: 


tergalis o tergalis 2 certhia o” certhia 2 
length width length _—_ width length width length width 

body 1.50 - 1.79 ~ 1.59 ~ 2.00 ~ 
ena {70”8 - 13 - 15 - 105 - 105 

[temples 53 00 O75 = .564 54 525 585  .565 
prothorax 16 .282 162 .314 16 28 185 .29 
pterothorax 198 .385 217 = 445 22 Al 14 435 
abdomen 76 54 1.00 .67 EO40)) D0 Pez .62 
basal plate 23 09 25 ut 
paramera no 209 Alli 09 
endomera 07 .05 -06 .046 


Furnaricola certhia colombiana, new subspecies 


FIGuRE 5 


Holotype, male adult, from Dendrocolaptes certhia hyleurus Wetmore, 
collected by the author at Volador, Dept. Bolivar, Magdalena Valley, 
Colombia, May 19, 1947 (Carriker type no. 787). 

Diagnosis: This race of certhia is closely related to the nominate 
form from British Guiana. The measurements are very close, but the 
frons is wider (.14 against .105); the prothorax is slightly smaller; the 
basal plate narrower (.08 against .11); endomera longer and narrower, 
and the paramera are very differently shaped (see fig. 5), having the 
wide, basal portion very long and parallel-sided, with the tips very 
short, slender, and slightly incurved. 

Represented by the male holotype and one male paratype. 


412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 


Furnaricola certhia microgenitalia, new subspecies 


FiaurEs 6, 7 


Holotype male and allotype female adults, from Dendrocolaptes 
certhia colombianus Todd, collected by the author at Unguia, Dept. 
Chocé, Colombia, March 14, 1950 (Carriker type no. 788). 

Diagnosis: Very distinct from the nominate race and from F. 
certhia colombiana, new subspecies. Smaller than certhia, especially 
the female (1.74 against 2.00), but males differ less (1.55 against 1.59); 
head smaller, with narrower frons and preantennary margins straight 
(concave in certhia) (male: head .52.51, frons .108; female: head 
.54X.518, frons .11). 

It will be noted that in this race there is much less sexual difference 
in size, especially of the head. 

Unfortunately the condition of the types does not permit accurate 
measurement of the thorax and abdomen, or of figuring the chaetotaxy 
of segment VIII in the female. 

The most striking difference is in the male genitalia, which differs 
greatly from both certhia and colombiana (see fig. 7). The basal 
plate is shorter and much attenuated distally, and the basal portion 
somewhat different; paramera are slightly longer than in certhia and 
are much longer than in colombiana; the general shape is somewhat 
as in certhia but the wide basal portion is much longer and parallel 
sided, tapering abruptly to the shorter, slender tips. 


Furnaricola lachrymosa, new species 
Ficures 4a, 8, 9 


Holotype female and allotype male adults, from Xiphorhynchus 
l. lachrymosus (Lawrence), collected by the author at Quibdé, Dept. 
Chocé, Colombia, March 15, 1918 (Carriker type no. 789). 

Diagnosis: One of the largest species of the genus presently known, 
with a very peculiarly shaped head, the posterior half being almost a 
quadrilateral, thence narrowing rapidly to the frons, and with lateral 
margins of preantennary portion strongly concave. Pleurites nar- 
row and heavily chitinized, excepting the heads which are almost 
hyaline; tergites continuous across abdomen, closely fused with 
pleurites and with posterior margin hyaline; sternites prominent and 
in median portion of abdomen (see fig. 8). 

Paramera straight and tapering. Legs small, with dark marginal 
carinae along outer side of femora and tibiae. Represented by female 
holotype, male allotype and male and female paratypes; also one 
male and one female from another individual of the type host. A 
single male from _X. lachrymosus alarum Chapman, collected at Taraza, 
Antioquia, is inseparable from the allotype. Measurements follow 
next species. 


REVISION OF GENUS FURNARICOLA—CARRIKER 413 


Furnaricola hirsuta hirsuta, new species 
Fiaurss 10, 11, 16a, 17a 


Holotype female and allotype male adults, from Xiphorhynchus 
picus saturatior (Hellmayr),* collected by the author at Puerto 
Venecia, Caquetaé, Colombia, May 8, 1952 (Carriker type no. 790). 

Diagnosis: A species very different from lachrymosa, although the 
hosts of both belong to the avian genus Xiphorhynchus (see footnote). 

It is strongly pigmented and with certain cephalic carinae and 
anterior portion of paratergals black; abdominal sclerites rather 
distinct, as well as the sternal fringe of short spines and the two long 
spines on each side of sternite VIII. First and third femora, and 
third tibiae unusually large and with strong claws. Lateral margins 
of preantennary portion of head almost straight; frons narrow and 
anterior plate long and narrow. 

Basal plate of male genitalia with wide marginal carinae; paramera 
with basal two-thirds wide, and thence tapering sharply to the short, 
straight, and narrow apical portion. Represented by female holo- 
type, male allotype, and one male and five female paratypes. One male 
and one female from the type host collected at Cucuta are slightly inter- 
mediate between hirsuta and the next subspecies but closer to the former. 

A male and two females from Rio Viejo (eastern Dept. Bolivar, 
Magdalena Valley), within the range of X. p. dugandi, although dif- 
fering slightly from specimens of picirostris (the following subspecies), 
must be placed under that race, whose host is X. p. picirostris. 

Specimens from Pto. Venecio and Coveiias (hirsuta) are the smallest 
of the different populations, are the most deeply pigmented, and 
also differ in the male genitalia and chaetotaxy of segment VIII of 
the female. 

Figures are given of the male genitalia of hirsuta (Pto. Venecia) 
and of picirostris (from El Conejo), also the chaetotaxy of segment 
VIII of the females of picirostris from Rio Vieja (16a) and El Conejo 
(19a) which, it will be noted, are very similar, while that of hirsuta 
(Pto. Venecia) is very different. Certainly much more material from 
the different subspecies of Xiphorhynchus picus is required in order 
to satisfactorily classify the forms of Furnaricola parasitic on them. 

The chaetotaxy of segment VIII in the females and the male 
genitalia have been largely used in the classification of the species 
and subspecies of this genus, the characters which appear to be the 


3] have examined 5 males and 10 females from three supposedly different 
subspecies of Xiphorhynchus picus. All are conspecific but may be roughly 
divided into two subspecies. In addition to the specimens cited above from 
X. p. saturatior, there is a single female from Covenas (coast of Dept. Bolivar) 
in the range of X. p. dugandi which cannot be separated from them, being small 
and deeply colored, and must be called F. h. hirsuta. 

732-993-662 


414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


most dependable, but I have not been able to examine a sufficient 
number of specimens from the same host species to determine to 
what extent the chaetotaxy may vary. 

Nevertheless, the setae present on the head, prothorax, and last 
abdominal segment of species in other genera of Mallophaga are being 
used extensively now as identifying characters for species and _ species 
groups, so that it seems logical that they may be successfully used 
in Furnaricola. 

Until recently Xiphorhynchus picus has been placed always under 
the genus Dendroplez, where I believe it should have remained. Both 
in morphology and habitat, picus differs strongly from Xiphorhynchus 
auct. whose species are strictly forest dwellers, while in Dendroplex 
picus we have a species habitually found in semiarid open scrub, 
composed largely of xerophytic vegetation, and they are often seen 
out in the open on fenceposts. As further proof we have the very 
great difference in the type of Mallophagan parasites which infest 
them. 


Measurements of the types of F. lachrymosa and F. h. hirsuta are 
as follows: 


lachrymosa lachrymosa 9? hirsuta @ hirsuta 2 
length width length width length width length width 
body 1.63 a 1.91 - 1.33 = 1.40 = 
eed ae - 108 8 - 12 - .087 - - 
temples :O1 A8 .06 020 43 -40 A67 = .428 
prothorax 155° 228 174 = .303 115 = £24 132° 226 
pterothorax 228 .38 .22 412 14 347 195  .365 
abdomen .86 53 1.08 .608 365 .435 td 48 
basal plate 221 .087 .20 .087 
paramera 13 .087 .08 07 
endomera OF .045 .05 .041 


Furnaricola hirsuta picirostris, new subspecies 
Ficures 12, 19a 


Holotype female and allotype male adults, from Xiphorhynchus 
picus picirostris (Lafresnaye), collected by the author at El Conejo, 
Sierra Perijé, Colombia, March 18, 1945 (Carriker type no. 791). 

Diagnosis: Resembles the nominate race in general appearance, but 
in measurements, some are greater, some are less, and some are the 
same. It is larger than hirsuta, especially the female, with longer 
and wider head, but with frons the same width; prothorax same in 
male, larger in female; pterothorax larger in both sexes; abdomen 
longer and wider in male and much longer in female. 

Male genitalia differ in shape and length of paramera, those of 
preirostris being much longer and much narrower basally. Measure- 
ments follow next species. 


REVISION OF GENUS FURNARICOLA—CARRIKER 415 


Furnaricola triangularis, new species 
Ficures 13, 14, 22a 


Holotype female and allotype male adults, from Lepidocolaptes 
souleyetii lineaticeps (Lafresnaye), collected by the author at El 
Conejo, Sierra Perijé, Colombia, March 18, 1945 (Carriker type 
no. 792). 

Diagnosis: Head practically an equilateral triangle, with narrow 
frons, rounded temples, and with anterior plate and its supporting 
carinae extending for half the length of plate beyond the tips of the 
preantennary carinae. 

Pleurites heavily pigmented and with their heads forming a reverse 
hook; spiracles large and hyaline. Basal plate long and much wider 
at distal end; both paramera and endomera differ in details. Repre- 
sented by holotype female, allotype male, and three male and one 
female paratypes. Three females from Lepidocolaptes affinis 
sneiderni, collected at Urréo, Antiéquia, cannot be separated from 
triangularis. When the male from ZL. a. sneiderni is known it may 
show differences in the genitalia which would separate it from 
triangularis, but for the present it seems best to make no attempt 
to separate it subspecifically. 

Measurements of the types of F. hirsuta picirostris and F. triangularis 
are as follows: 


picirostris @ picirostris 2 triangularis triangularis 2 
length width length width length width length width 
body 1.45 - 1.78 - 1.40 - 1.68 - 
a ee - 12 ~ 13 - .098 ~ .098 
temples 49 445 .50 48 445 .415 456 .45 
prothorax .14 .264 14 .264 14 24 13 26 
pterothorax ASO. 0D 2195 2382 eilzs 002 ool .09 
abdomen .78 .50 1.08 Do .74 aL 1.13 .564 
basal plate 18 .081 21 14 
paramera .09 .081 .097 081 
endomera 063 .041 L0G@ aeOs 


Furnaricola fuliginosa fuliginosa Carriker, 1963 


Furnaricola fuliginosa Carriker, 1963, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 13, vol. 5, 
p. 467, figs. 34-35. 

Host: Dendrocincla f. fuliginosa (Vieillot). Types in British 
Museum (Natural History). 

In this species the head is similar to that of certhia, but very much 
smaller; the anterior plate extends farther beyond the preantennary 
carinae and is narrower; thoracic segments same shape as in guttata 
Carriker, but male genitalia smaller and with both basal plate and 
endomera quite distinct in structure. 


416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


It may be noted that the male genitalia in the present species, in 
certhia, and in guttata are in proportion to the size of the hosts, that of 
certhia, being the largest and that of fuliginosa the smallest. 

In the author’s collection are 2 males of this species from D. f. 
lafresnayei, collected in Antiédquia, Colombia, which differ so strongly 
from fuliginosa that they must be given subspecific rank, and are 
described below. 


Furnaricola fuliginosa antioquénsis, new subspecies 


Fiaures 15, 16 


Holotype male adult, from Dendrocincla fuliginosa lafresnayer 
Ridgway, collected by the author at Tarazé, Antidquia, Colombia 
(Rio Cauca), April 26, 1948 (Carriker type no. 793). 

Diagnosis: Very much larger in all measurements than the nominate 
form. Head also similar in shape to that of certhia, but has narrower 
frons and much wider clavi; preantennary carinae narrower basally 
and antennae thicker. There are also differences in the structure of 
the genitalia but the much larger size alone is sufficient for its separa- 
tion from fuliginosa. Represented by the male holotype and one 
male paratype. 

Measurements follow the next species. 


Furnaricola quadraticeps, new species 


Figures 17, 23a 


Holotype female adult, from Cichocolaptes leucophrys (Jardine and 
Selby),* collected by Dr. F. L. Werneck at Serra do Angradas, Edo. 
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Carriker type no. 794). 

Diagnosis: Head of a very unusual shape, the portion posterior to 
the antennary fossae being quite quadrilateral in shape, with slightly 
rounded templar angles and undulating occipital margin; the pre- 
antennary portion of head consists of a perfect truncated cone, with 
wide, heavily pigmented preantennary carinae. 

The thorax and abdomen show no distinctive characters, except 
the very short spines, with thickened bases, at sides of segment VIII 
and with only 3 short setae back of them; segment VIII is small in 
comparison to size of abdomen. Undoubtedly the male, when taken, 
will show decisive differences in the genitalia. Represented by the 
female holotype and four female paratypes. 

Measurements of male holotypes of Ff. fuliginosa, F. f. antioquénsis, 
and female holotype of F. quadraticeps are as follows: 


4 For change of name from Anabates ferruginolentus Wied to Cichocolapes 
leucophrys (Jardine and Selby), see Peters, ‘Birds of the World,’ 1951, vol. 7, 
p. 140. 


REVISION OF GENUS FURNARICOLA—CARRIKER 417 


fuliginosa antioquensis quadraticeps 9 
length width length width length width 
body 1.41 - 1.69 ~ Uls7/al - 
Read ie - 087 - 152 - S12 
temples 445 -423 08 .564 1 .456 
prothorax 14 .20 -205 .337 14 .28 
pterothorax .185 337 .26 458 .235 41 
abdomen .74 .458 .87 61 .966 .58 
basal plate .173 .064 -306 -105 
paramera .092 -067 115 .028 
endomera .05 .043 O71 .051 


Furnaricola anabacerthia, new species 
Ficures 18, 24a 


Holotype female adult, from Anabacerthia striaticollis Lafresnaye, 
collected by the author at Virolin, Dept. Santander, Colombia, Sept. 
19, 1943 (Carriker type no. 795). 

Diagnosis: Also one of the larger species (female, 1.70X.525), 
but with the head of a different shape. Temples rounded; occipital 
margin slightly undulating; preantennary margin almost straight; 
frons wide and anterior plate small, protruding, and wider than long. 
Pleurites heavily pigmented, ventral portion wider than dorsal; heads 
large and rounded; anterior margin of tergites incised laterally and 
with hyaline bands along both sides; sternites as in lachrymosa, but 
wider laterally. Represented by female holotype and one female 
paratype. 

Measurements follow next species. 


Furnaricola longifrons, new species 


Ficures 19, 20, 25a 


Holotype female and allotype male adults, from Margarornis 
squamigera perlatus (Lesson), collected by the author at La Palmita, 
Santander Norte, Colombia, Aug. 14, 1916. (Carriker type no. 796.) 

Head unusually long (female, .477>.39); temples rounded and 
with lateral margins converging from middle of temples to the wide 
frons; preantennary margin slightly concave; anterior plate short, 
wider than long and with anterior edge convex and posterior concave; 
preantennary carinae submarginal; abdominal sclerites normal. 

Basal plate of male genitalia very short, with length but little more 
than that of the paramera (see fig. 20); paramera with thickened 
bases and long, slender, slightly in-curved apical portion; endomera 
almost parallel sided, with slender tip. Represented by female 
holotype, male allotype, and two female paratypes. 

Measurements of the types of F. anabacerthia and F. longifrons are 
as follows: 

782-223-663 


418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


anabacerthia ? longifrons @ longifrons @ 
length width length width length width 
body 1.70 ~ 1.44 - 1.59 - 
heaat frons - 14 - “13 - “13 
temples .48 42 -456 .38 .477 .39 
prothorax 15 .26 14 215 14 20 
pterothorax .195 38 .185 33 -195 347 
abdomen 1.00 -025 .80 .435 .92 -50 
basal plate .123 O77 
paramera oll .077 
endomera .063 .033 


Furnaricola acutifrons acutifrons Carriker, 1944 
FicurEs 6a, 32 
Furnaricola acutifrons Carriker, 1944, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 86, 
pl. 4 (figs. 1, 2), pl. 5 (fig. 1). 

Host: Synallaxis albescens perpallida Todd. 

Head long and slenderly conical, similar to F’. acutifrons chocoana, 
new subspecies; anterior plate protruding far beyond tips of pre- 
antennary carinae; pleurites with long, pointed heads (not rounded 
or hooked), black in median portion hke F. punensis, new species; 
male genitalia similar to those of F’. a. chocoana; (female; body,1.71X 
.48; head, .46>.26); three short setae back of spines in VIII. 


Furnaricola acutifrons subsimilis Carriker, 1944 
Fiaures 18a, 33 
Furnaricola acutifrons subsimilis Carriker, 1944, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 3, 
no. 2, p. 87. 

Host: Leptoxyura cinnamomea=Certhiaxis cinnamomea fuscifrons 
(Madaraégz). 

Very closely related to acutifrons, but head slightly longer and wider; 
pterothorax shorter and wider; endomera wider in anterior portion 
and narrower posteriorly; basal plate not constricted near distal end, 
but parallel sided; spines on VIII long and slender; one long, four 
short setae; (female; body, 1.74.48; head, .48.38). 


Furnaricola acutifrons chocoana, new subspecies 


FIGURES 21, 22, 26a 


Holotype female and allotype male adults, from Synallazis albescens 
hypoleuca Ridgway, collected by the author at Unguia, Dept. Chocé, 
Colombia, March 11, 1950 (Carriker type no. 797). 

Diagnosis: A very strikingly shaped head, much longer than wide, 
and with short, squarish temples (head, female, .46X.37) and long, 
tapering preantennary portion; bucal canal narrow and anterior 
plate small. Dorsal portion of pleurites narrow, blackish medially, 
while sternal portion is uniformly pigmented, wide, and with a small, 
rounded protuberance on inner margin, slightly posterior to the head. 


REVISION OF GENUS FURNARICOLA—CARRIKER 419 


Only sternite visible is the genital plate, covering median portion of 
segments VI and VII; structure and chaetotaxy of VIII distinct (see 
fig. 26a). 

Male genitalia small; basal plate short; paramera with thickened 
bases and long, incurving tips; endomera of usual shape (see fig. 22). 

Represented by the female holotype, the male allotype, and one 
male paratype. 

Measurements follow next species. 


Furnaricola punensis, new species 
Ficure#s lla, 23, 24 


Holotype (and only specimen) male adult, from Synallawis c. 
cabanisi Berlepsch and Leverkiihn, collected by the author at Bella 
Pampa, S. Peru, June 6, 1931 (Carriker type no. 798). 

Diagnosis: A small species with rather narrow, conical head, with 
wide frons, rounded temples and strongly undulating occipital margin. 
The preantennary carinae are short, blackish, and submarginal; 
antennae unusually thick and gular sclerite of unusual shape. 

First abdominal segment very large, parallel sided, and as wide as 
pterothorax. Male genitalia strikingly different, almost unique. 
Paramera with basal portion wide and parallel sided, with slender, 
curving tips arising from outer portion and with a rather long, slender 
bifurcation on inner margin (see fig 24); endomera also long, with 
swollen sides and wide, truncate tip. 

The only other species described in the present paper with bifurcated 
paramera is myrmeciza, from an antbird (Formicariidae), but in my 
first paper on the genus (Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 3, no 2, pp. 83-96) 
there are three species with bifurcated paramera, two quite similar, 
with the bifurcation starting near base of paramera (heterocephala and 
laticephala), one from a Furnariidae, the other from a Formicariidae. 
The third species has a short bifurcation similar to the present species 
and is from a Furnartiidae also. 

Until much more material is available for study it is impossible to 
assign this type of genitalia to any particular type of host. 

Measurements of F. acutifrons chocoana and F. punensis are as 
follows: 


chocoana chocoana 9? punensis 
length width length width length width 

body 1.45 — 1.78 — 1.39 ad 
Haha ee — 076 — .087 — .108 

temples -40 .326 46 37 391 .35 
prothorax a1l3? .198 .14 220 li .206 
pterothorax .185 .282 Dilid .314 .185 .282 
abdomen .76 ou 1.09 A477 .825 .445 
basal plate 15 -065 .16 .044 

paramera AUT -066 .05 .03 


endomera .04 .09 .04 .026 


420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 


Furnaricola myrmeciza, new species 
Ficures 12a, 25, 26 


Holotype female and allotype male adults, from Myrmeciza 7. 
immaculata (Lafresnaye), collected by the author at Heda. Santana, 
Santander, Colombia, Oct. 10, 1949 (Carriker type no. 799). 

Diagnosis: May be recognized by the shape of the head, the entire 
lateral margins from base of temples to frons uniformly convex (see 
fig. 25), and with the hyaline band around frons wide. Heads of 
pleurites slender, pointed, and curved inward. The holotype has 
three long spines on right side of segment VIII and the usual two on 
left side. Have seen one other case of three spines on right side of 
VALE. 

Male genitalia very characteristic, there being presently no other 
known species quite like it. The basal plate is small, expanded at 
anterior end; paramera nearly as long as basal plate, slender, tapering, 
with a reverse curve, and with a slender bifurcation at sides of endo- 
mera; endomera typical. 

Represented by the female holotype, male allotype and one male 
and one female paratypes, and by a single female from Myrmeciza 
laemosticta pallida, collected at Heda. Belen, Antiéquia, which can- 
not be separated from the female holotype. Measurements follow 
next species. 

Furnaricola pyriglena, new species 


Figures 13a, 27 


Holotype female adult, from Pyriglena leuconota picea Cabanis, 
collected by the author at Enefias, Chanchamayo, Peru, March 4, 
1930 (Carriker type no. 800). 

Diagnosis: A rather large species with a conical-shaped head, 
narrow frons and rounded temples. There are no outstanding 
characters for this species, excepting shape of head, anterior and 
gular plates and shape of segment VIII of abdomen. Legs small, 
especially the coxae and second leg; median portion of pleurites black. 

Measurements of the types of F. myrmeciza and F. pyriglena are 
as follows: 


myrmeciza myrmeciza 2 pyriglena @ 
length width length width length width 
body 1.41 _ 1.54 - 1.78 - 
ee ee - a - “10 - 1.08 
temples 434 .398 43 -385 -50 48 
prothorax a2 2235 3 .24 .155 <2 
pterothorax 19 .303 .205 .337 ald 37 
abdomen .673 -458 91 49 1.06 .04 
basal plate .14 04 
paramera -105 .073 


endomera .06 .036 





REVISION OF GENUS FURNARICOLA—CARRIKER 421 


Furnaricola pipraphaga, new species 
Figures 15a, 28 


Holotype female adult, from Pipra pipra comata Berlepsch and 
Stolzman, collected by the author at Enefias, Chanchamayo, Peru, 
March 12, 1930 (Carriker type no. 801). 

Diagnosis: Head decidedly triangular, somewhat similar to that of 
F. triangularis, but the mandibles are quite different, as well as the 
preantennary carinae, clavi and gular plate (see fig. 28). Head also 
resembles that of pyriglena in shape, but the abdominal sclerites are 
very different, the tergites in pyriglena almost filling the segments 
and with prominent sternites in III—VII, while in the present species 
the pleurites are without heads and tergites widely separated by 
hyaline bands, and the sternites, if present, are entirely invisible, 
excepting the genital sternite covering portions of VII and VIII. 

One long and five short setae behind the short, slender lateral spines. 
Male unknown. Represented by the holotype female only. 

Measurements follow next species. 


Furnaricola inexpectata, new species 
Ficures 14a, 29 


Holotype female adult, from Pipra caeruleicapilla Tschudi, col- 
lected by the author at La Pampa, southeast Peru, July 8, 1931 
(Carriker type no. 802). 

Diagnosis: Head very differently shaped from that of F’. pipraphaga 
described above, being somewhat similar to that of F’. acuticeps choco- 
ana, but with more rounded temples and much wider frons and with 
wide, heavily pigmented preantennary carinae having corrugated 
inner margins. The gular plate very similar to that of pipraphaga, 
but pterothorax longer and wider and with third pair of legs much 
smaller. Also lacks the sternites as in pipraphaga; long spines on 
VIII similar, but only three very short setae back of them. 

Measurements of the types of F. pipraphaga and F. inexpectata are 
as follows: 


pipraphaga 2? inexpectata 2 

length width length width 

body 1.68 - 1256 — 
Heed ae _ .108 = .108 
temples 467 458 .467 391 

prothorax 14 25 sls 24 
pterothorax 18 39 174 347 

abdomen 1.00 61 89 OZ 


Note: There is a faint possibility of straggling in the case of this and the pre- 
ceding species, although no real proof. The genus Furnaricola is, on the whole, 
quite sedentary in its habits, clinging tightly to the feathers of the dead bird, 
and not moving about as do many other genera. The only thing that is suspicious 


422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


is the fact that the two females are so very different, while both are from hosts 
of the same genus. Further checks are being made to find out what species of 
birds were actually collected on the two days corresponding to the dates of the 
taking of the two specimens under discussion. 

Furnaricola hylactiphaga hylactiphaga, new subspecies 


Figures 20a, 30 


Holotype female adult, from Scytalopus magellanicus affinis Zimmer, 
collected by the author at Yanac, Huascardén, Peru, March 22, 1932 
(Carriker type no. 803). 

Diagnosis: Head slenderly conical, with the short, broken, pre- 
antennary carinae black; gular plate small and without appendages; 
thoracic segments normal; abdomen elongated oval, with deeply 
pigmented, narrow pleurites; tergites heavily pigmented in outer 
portion and pale in median portion. 

Tergites separated medially, with rounded ends. The only known 
host on which have been taken Furnaricola with this type of tergites 
is Scytalopus. 

Six rather longish setae behind the short, lateral spines on VIII. 
Male unknown. Represented by the female holotype and one female 
paratype. 

It will be most interesting to see what type of genitalia is present 
in the species from Scytalopus, and also in those from the Pipridae. 

Measurements follow next species. 


Furnaricola hylactiphaga canae, new subspecies 


Fieures 21a, 31 


Holotype female adult, from Scytalopus magellanicus canus Chap- 
man, collected by the author at Heda. Potreros, near Frontino, 
Antiéquia, Colombia, June 7, 1950 (Carriker type no. 804). 

Diagnosis: As in the nominate race, the tergites are divided medi- 
ally; the pleurites are narrow dorsally and partly black, with wider, 
paler sternal portion; head with preantennary margin slightly concave 
and with temples more expanded. Anterior plate rather long, and 
divided as in the nominate race (see fig. 31). Sternal spines on VIII 
short, with 1 long and 5 very short setae behind them. Male un- 
known. Represented by the holotype female and one female paratype. 

Measurements of F. h. hylactiphaga and F. hylactiphaga canae are 
as follows: 


hylactiphaga ? canae 9 
length width length width 
body 1.60 - 1.41 - 
head| tone = .09 ~ 105 
temples 435 39 415 308 
prothorax -108 .228 eZ -206 
pterothorax 19 43 -16 -293 


abdomen 955 Ol: .80 415 


REVISION OF GENUS FURNARICOLA—CARRIKER 423 


Furnaricola parvigenitalis Carriker, 1944 
Figure 8a 


Furnaricola parvigenitalis Carriker, 1944, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 3, no. 2, 
p. 88, pls. 4 (figs 3, 4), 5 (fig. 2). 

Host: Synallaxis erythrogaster Sclater. 

Head similar to that of pwnensis, new species, but narrower at 
temples and with the preantennary carinae continuous to tip of frons; 
frons narrow, with anterior plate protruding almost entirely beyond 
tips of preantennary carinae; bucal canal much narrower than in 
punensis; male genitalia very different (see key); (female: body, 
1.59X.45; head, .4385X.35). 


Furnaricola laticephala Carriker, 1944 
Figure 27a 


Furnaricola laticephala Carriker, 1944, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 89, 
pls. 4 (figs. 5, 6), 5 (fig. 3). 

Host: Cranioleuca subcristata (Sclater). 

Head unlike any species here figured. Sides of temples nearly 
straight, with blunt posterolateral angles (not rounded); head nearly 
as wide at clavi as at temples, converging rapidly from clavi to frons, 
with sides concave. Pleurites wider and paler ventrally than dorsally; 
tergites pale but sternites heavily pigmented. Male genitalia with 
paramera bifurcated; paramera straight, with short, slender tips; 
(female: body, 1.73>.586; head, .445.41). 


Furnaricola titicacae Carriker, 1944 


Figure 10a 


Furnaricola titicacae Carriker, 1944, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 91, 
pls. 4 (figs. 7, 8), 5 (fig. 4). 
Host: Phleocryptes melanops schoenbaenus Cabanis and Heine. 
One of the larger species and somewhat aberrant in structure of 
preantennary portion of head; frons very wide (.135) and completely 
encircled by a wide hyaline band. It is also one of the species in 
which the male has bifurcated paramera (see keys); (female: body, 
1.73 X.59; head, .445.41). 


Furnaricola chunchotambo Carriker, 1944 


FiIGuRE 3a 
Furnaricola chunchotambo Carriker, 1944, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 3, no. 2, 
p. 92, pl. 6 (fig. 1). 
Host: Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo=X. ocellatus chunchotambo 
(Tschudi). 
Head triangular in shape, wide at rounded temples, with lateral 
margins expanded slightly at clavi; frons narrow; anterior plate half 


424 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


the length of bucal canal and does not extend beyond tips of pre- 
antennary carinae; bucal canal expanded laterally in median portion; 
gular plate with pointed, lateral sclerites at base; tergites very pale 
and sternites invisible. Male unknown; (female: body, 1.74.52; 
head, .54.477). 


Furnaricola cephalosa Carriker, 1944 


Furnaricola cephalosa Carriker, 1944, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 94, 
pl. 6 (figs. 2, 3). 

Host: Glyphorhynchus spirurus pectoralis=G. s. sublestes Peters. 

Female unknown. 

Head very wide at temples, wider than abdomen, semitriangular in 
shape. Sides of head much expanded laterally at clavi; bucal canal 
very short; anterior plate wider than long, short, and not protruding. 
Pleurites wider ventraly, dark brown; tergites very pale; sternites 
prominent and dark brown; (male: body, 1.1841; head, .39.43). 
For genitalia, see key. 


Furnaricola heterocephala Carriker, 1944 


Furnaricola heterocephala Carriker, 1944, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 3, no. 2, 
p. 95, pl. 4 (figs. 4-6). 

Host: Gymnocichla c. chiroleuca=G. nudiceps chiroleuca Sclater and 
Salvin. 

Female: body, 1.45.50; head, .45.40. 

Shape of head much as in anabacerthia, new species, but prothorax 
narrower; segment I of abdomen narrower; pleurites parallel sided 
(not swollen at heads as in anbacerthia); two long and two short 
setae back of spines on VIII. 

Basal plate very short, with rounded distal end wider than at base; 
paramera bifurcated as in parvigenitalis, but paramera thicker basally 
and with tips more slender; endomera more or less as in myrmeciza, 
new species. 

Tergites and sternites about equal in color, ight brown; sternites 
narrower than tergites, are separated by wide hyaline bands, and are 
darker along posterior margin. 


Furnaricola guttata Carriker, 1963 


Furnaricola guttata Carriker, 1963, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 13, vol. 5, p. 466, 
figs. 31-33. 
Host: Xiphorhynchus guttatus polystictus (Salvin and Godman) 
(Carriker type no. 702); types in British Museum (Natural History). 
Superficially resembles certhia Carriker, but head narrower at both 
frons and temples; prothorax parallel sided as in chunchotambo Car- 
riker; the peculiar clear sternal sclerites of the thorax are unusual. 
Male genitalia same type as that of certhia but smaller, especially 


REVISION OF GENUS FURNARICOLA—CARRIKER 425 


the basal plate, and paramera differ in shape; (female: body, 174.565; 
head, .51 > .468). 
Furnaricola mirandae Carriker, 1963 


FIGURE 5a 


Furnaricola mirandae Carriker, 1963, Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle, Caracas, 
Venezuela, vol. 23, p. 30, pl. 10 (fig. 2). 


Host: Synallaris unirufa castanea Sclater (Carriker type no. 680). 

Most closely related to F. acutifrons Carriker, differing in wider 
frons and anterior plate, the latter not extending beyond tips of pre- 
antennary carinae; a hyaline band, concave medially, around frons; 
pterothorax with lateral margins convex and strongly divergent 
(very slightly in acutifrons); ventral portion of pleurites wider and 
more deeply colored than dorsal. 

Body much shorter than in acutifrons, but head nearly the same size. 
Known from a single female, the holotype (body, 1.50.46; head, 
.456.38). (See figure 5a for spines and setae on segment VIII.) 


426 PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL, 118 





Ficures 1-5.—Furnartcola tergalis, new species: 1, body of male; 2, male genitalia. F 
certhia certhia Carriker: 3, head and prothorax of male; 4, male genitalia. 


| 
colombiana, new subspecies: 5, male genitalia. 


é 
F. certhia 


Ficures la—5a.—Chaetotaxy of segment 
VIII of females (bird hosts in parens): la, F. tergalis, new species (Xiphocolaptes a. 


albicollis); 2a, F. certhia Carriker (Dendrocolaptes c. certhia); 3a, F. chunchotambo Carriker 
(Xiphorhynchus ocellatus chunchotambo); 4a, F. lachrymosa, new species (X. 1. lachrymo- 
sus); 5a, F. mirandae Carriker (Synallaxis unirufa castanea). 


REVISION OF GENUS FURNARICOLA—CARRIKER 427 





/ = = 
yh ON 


ba \ | 





Ficures 6-10—Furnaricola certhia microgenitaliz, new subspecies: 6, head and thorax of 
male; 7, male genitalia. F. lachrymosa, new species: 8, body of female; 9, male genitalia. 
F. hirsuta hirsuta, new species: 10, body offemale. Ficures 6a-10a.—Chaetotaxy of seg- 
ment VIII of females (bird hosts in parens): 6a, F. a. acutifrons Carriker (Synallaxis 
albescens perpallida); 7a, F. heterocephala Carriker (Gymnocichla nudiceps chiroleuca); 
8a, F. parvigenitalis Carriker (Synallaxis erythrogaster); 9a, F. acutifrons subsimulis 
Carriker (Synallaxis cinnamomeus fuscifrons); 10a, F. titicacae Carriker (Phloecryptes 
melanops schoenbaenus). 


428 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 








Ficures 11-15.—Furnaricola hirsuta hirsuta, new species: 11, male genitalia. F. h. picir- 
ostris, new species: 12, male genitalia. F. triangularis, new species: 13, body of female; 
14, male genitalia. F. fuliginosa antioquénsis, new subspecies: 15, head and thorax of 
male. Figures 1la-15a.—Chaetotaxy of segment VIII of females (bird hosts in parens): 
lla, F. punensis, new species (male) (Synallaxis cabanisi); 12a, F. myrmeciza, new species 
(Myrmeciza immaculata); 13a, F. pyriglena, new species (Pyriglena picea); 14a, F. in- 
expectata, new species (Pipra caeruleicapilla); 15a, F. pipraphaga, new species (Pipra 
pipra comata). 


REVISION OF GENUS 


FURNARICOLA—CARRIKER 429 





_ Ficures 16-19.—Furnaricola fuliginosa antioquénsis, new subspecies: 16, male genitalia. 
F. quadracapitis, new species: 17, body of female. 


F. anabacerthia, new species: 18, 
body of female. 


F. longifrons, new species: 19, body of female. Ficures 16a-19a.— 
Chaetotaxy of segment VIII of females (bird hosts in parens): 16a, F. h. hirsuta, new sub- 
species (Xiphorhynchus picus dugandi); 17a, F. h. hirsuta (X. p. saturatior, type host); 
18a, F. acutifrons subsimilis Carriker (Certhiaxis cinnamomea fuscifrons); 19a, F. hirsuta 
picirostris, new subspecies (Xiphorhynchus picus pictirostris). 





430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 








Ficures 20-23.—Furnaricola longifrons, new species: 20, male genitalia. F. acutifrons 
chocoana, new subspecies: 21, body of female; 22, male genitalia. F. punensis, new 
species: 23, body of male. Ficures 20a—23a.—Chaetotaxy of segment VIII of females 
(bird hosts in parens): 20a, F. h. hylactiphaga, new species (Scytalopus magellanicus affinis) ; 
21a, F. h. canae, new subspecies (Scytalopus magellanicui canus); 22a, F. triangularis, — 
new species (Lepidocolaptes souleyetti lineaticeps); 23a, F. quadraticeps, new species (Ci-_ 
chocolaptes leucophrys). 





REVISION OF GENUS FURNARICOLA—CARRIKER 431 





Ficures 24-27.—Furnaricola punensis, new species: 24, male genitalia. F. myrmeciza, 
new species: 25, body of female; 26, male genitalia. F. pyriglena, new species: 27, body 
of female. Ficures 24a-27a.—Chaetotaxy of segment VIII of females (host birds in 
parens): 24a, F. anabacerthia, new species (Anabacerthia striaticollis); 25a, F. longifrons, 
new species (Margarornis squamigera perlatus); 26a, F. acutifrons chocoana, new sub- 
species (Synallaxis albescens hypoleuca); 27a, F. laticephala Carriker (Cranioleuca sub- 
cristata). 


432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 

















Ficures 28-33.—Furnaricola pipraphaga, new species: 28, body of female. F. inexpectata, 
new species: 29, body of female. F. h. hylactiphaga, new subspecies: 30, body of female. 
F. h. canae, new subspecies: 31, body of female. F. a. acutifrons Carriker: 32, male 
genitalia, from type. F. a. subsimilis Carriker: 33, head and thorax of female, male 
genitalia. 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1966 


Proceedings of 
the United States 


National Museum 





SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION + WASHINGTON, D.C. 


Volume 118 1967 Number 3533 


REVISION OF CHALCID WASPS 
OF GENUS EURYTOMA 
IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 


By Ropert E. BucBee ' 


The species of the genus Hurytoma Lliger, from America north of 
Mexico, have never been treated in a taxonomic study. The first 
species of the genus from the United States were described by Thomas 
Say in 1836, probably from specimens taken somewhere in the state 
of Indiana, but the type material is lost. Additional species were 
described by Francis Walker (1843 and 1846), Asa Fitch (1859), and 
Benjamin D. Walsh (1870). In 1881 William Ashmead published his 
first descriptions of new species of Hurytoma and continued to do so 
into the early 1900’s. He was a most productive worker and in 1888 
issued a revised generic table of the family Eurytomidae, designated 
genotypes for all genera of the family in 1894, and in 1904 published 
the comprehensive ‘Classification of the Chalcid Flies.”” These 
works, however, consisted primarily of brief descriptions and keys to 
the genera but did not include keys to the species. Although many 
of the Ashmead species are recognized today on the basis of his type 


1 Professor and Head of the Department of Biology, Allegheny College, Mead- 
ville, Pa. 
433 


434. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


material, some of his published descriptions are so brief and general 
that they could apply to many species within the genus. 

In more recent years additional species have been added by A. A. 
Girault (1916-1920), A. B. Gahan (1922-1934), and the author of 
this revision (1939—), among others. 


Source of Study Material 


A study of several collections was made in preparation for this 
revision. With the aid of a grant, No. G—1308, from the National 
Science Foundation it was possible to spend a sabbatical year studying 
collections of this genus in the United States. Collections studied 
included those of the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C., 
Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada, and Cornell University, 
Ithaca, N.Y. In addition, collections from the Universities of 
Oregon, North Dakota, Wisconsin, and Illinois, as well as my own 
collections, were available and contained some new species and im- 
portant host and distribution data. 

All available types in the United States and Canada have been 
examined. Type material of a number of species has been lost or 
destroyed. This is true for the two species described by Say 
(Hurytoma studiosa and E. orbiculata), three species described by 
Walsh (/. gigantea, EL. bicolor, and E. auriceps), and E. solenozopheriae 
Ashmead. Neotypes are designated for these species, and E. studiosa 
and FE. auriceps are redescribed below. 

Nineteen new species are described and several species, the original 
descriptions of which were brief and inadequate, are redescribed. 

The key to the 82 species treated in this revision is based on an 
unpublished one by the late A. B. Gahan, formerly of the US. 
Department of Agriculture, Division of Insects. Mr. Gahan’s key 
was modified and enlarged considerably. The key suffices for most 
of the more distinct species, but for many of the species good key 
characteristics have been difficult to find. Experience reveals certain 
characteristics that may seem obvious to the worker constructing 
the key but which are difficult to interpret by those unfamiliar with 
the group. No claim is made for a completely accurate and workable 
key, but a first attempt must be tried at some time. It is hoped that 
the present key will eventually lead to the preparation of a more 
adequate one as weaknesses are discovered. 

In the course of preparing this revision, I have received help from 
a number of people. Dr. B. D. Burks of the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, Entomology Research Branch, Washington, D.C., and 
Dr. Oswald Peck, Canada Department of Agriculture, Research 
Branch, Ottawa, Canada, made available collections containing 














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NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 435 


Eurytoma. Both men read the manuscript and made many con- 
structive suggestions and criticisms. Their encouragement and help 
are gratefully acknowledged. Dr. Henry Dietrich, Curator of 
Insects, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., extended to me many 
courtesies while I studied the collection at Cornell. Frank Kurezewski 
and Mrs. Karlin Happe Grunau, former students at Allegheny College, 
prepared some of the drawings. I am also indebted to my secretary, 
Vanile Birkbeck, who typed the manuscript. 


Systematic Treatment 


In the systematic treatment the species occur in the same order as 
in the key. The citation of the original description in addition to 
important papers dealing with synonomy, host relationships, and 
life-history data follow. No attempt has been made to be exhaustive 
in the list of references, but some care has been taken to select those 
that seem to contain the most important information. A citation 
of the location of the types, type locality, distribution, and host 
follow in order. 

The locality records for most of the species are shown on maps. 
The records are based on specimens that were actually seen in the 
various collections listed in a previous paragraph. 


Host Relationships 


Five orders of insects and six families of plants are represented 
among the hosts (see appendix). Hosts for all but 2 of the 82 species 
in the revision are listed but should be accepted with the reservations 
stated in the next paragraph. About half (33 species) of the parasitic 
species occur on hosts belonging to eight families of the order Hymen- 
optera. Coleoptera (17 species, 6 families), Diptera (7 species, 4 
families), Lepidoptera (4 species, 7 families), and Homoptera (3 species, 
1 family) follow in descending order. At least 12 species are phytoph- 
agous, and one of these (Hurytema pachyneuron) is suspected of being 
both phytophagous and parasitic. The habits of the remaining species 
are unknown or uncertain. 

Host data for many species are incomplete. In many cases the 
host gall from which the parasite emerged is indicated, but it cannot 
always be assumed that this implies a direct host-parasite relation- 


ship. In most galls there may be other primary and secondary 


parasites of other genera, families, or orders and often inquilines, so 
that unless the parasites have actually been observed to emerge from 
the host larvae, the exact association is unknown. Often only the 
plant species on which the wasp was caught or from which galls were 


436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


collected is known. The information tells nothing about actual host 
relationships, since most plants may have more than one species of 
gallmaker on them. However, some parasite-host relationships have 
been well established, e.g., in Hurytoma neomexicana Girault (Brand- 
horst, 1943) EF. gigantea Walsh (Hughes, 1934 and Uhler, 1951), # 
solenozopheriae Ashmead (Driggers, 1927), H. pissodis Girault (Taylor, 
1929), EH. obtusiventris Gahan (Hughes, 1934 and Uhler, 1951), £. 
pint Bugbee (Miller, 1953), and EF. bolteri Riley (Leiby, 1922 and 
Barber, 1938). There are a few other species in which the evidence 
is quite convincing, but the number is not more than one-quarter of 
the species treated herein. 

Several species are known to be hytophneousa in such unrelated 
plant tissues as bulbs, stems, leaves, and buds of orchids (E. orchide- 
arum (Westwood)), sumac seeds (E. rhois Crosby and E. seminis 
Bugbee), the fleshy parts of the fruits of juniper (EZ. juniperinus 
Marcovitch), the seeds of Ceanothus dwwaricatus (FE. squamosa new 
species), and in the stems of certain grasses (EH. bromi (Howard), 
E. eragrostidis (Howard)). 

In at least one species, EH. pater Phillips(=F. pachyneuron Girault), 
both phytophagy and parasitism have been suggested (Phillips, 
1917). This evidence suggests that the Eurytoma larva begins as 
a parasite of the larva of Harmolita tritici (Fitch) in the stems of 
Elymus species, but may complete its development on plant tissue. 
Whether this represents a transition from parasitism to phytophagy 
or vica versa or simply an ability to be somewhat omnivorous in 
its eating habits is not clear from the evidence presented. Gahan 
(1922, pages 37-38) presents some arguments in favor of the first 
alternative mentioned. 

The citation of the host applies to the type material and is taken 
from the original description except for specimens in which a host 
was not indicated. In the latter case, hosts are listed that were 
indicated on labels of determined specimens found in the various 
collections or cited in publications subsequent to the original descrip- 
tion. 

It has been impossible to check all of the names of the hosts. 
Several reference works, however, have been consulted often and 
have been most helpful. These include: “Catalogue of the Coleoptera 
of America North of Mexico” by Leng, published in 1920 and the 
supplements issued in 1927, 1933, 1939, and 1948; ‘“Hymenoptera of 
America North of Mexico,” 1951, by Muesebeck, Krombein, Townes 
and others, and the first supplement published in 1958; ‘Insect Pests 
of Farm, Garden, and Orchard” by Peairs and Davidson, 1956; ‘‘Plant 
Galls and Gall Makers” by Felt, 1940; ““Hymenoptera of Connecticut’’ 
by Viereck, 1916. 


No. 3333 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 437 


Explanation of Terms and Measurements 


Segmentation of the abdomen: Following well-established homol- 
ogies the propodeum and the petiole are counted as the first two 
segments of the abdomen. Thus the abdomen is considered to have 
seven terga beyond the petiole, and the long tergum, often referred 
to as the fourth, will be designated in this revision as the sixth. 

The ninth tergum (ninth abdominal segment) varies from elongate 
and pointed to very short, broad, and stubby. Laterally, on each 
side, is a small round cercus. 

Measurements of the ninth tergum have been made from the distal 
tip to the proximal limit of the chitinized area or to where the inter- 
segmental membrane begins. In all cases the insect was viewed 
laterally. Measurements of the length of the abdomen were made 
from the same lateral view, from the distal tip of the ventral valves 
to the proximal end of the abdomen where it joins the petiole; ie., 
the petiole is not included. The length of the sixth segment was 
measured in lateral view from the posterior border of the fifth seg- 
ment to the posterior edge of the sixth, unless otherwise stated. 

Female genitalia (fig. 4): The entire genitalia were dissected from 
the abdomen and mounted in diaphane on glass slides. Various 
terms have been applied to the parts of the female genitalia of the 
Chalcidoidea. In this paper the following terminology is used. The 
dorsal valves represent the ninth abdominal tergum, which consists 
proximally of two parts that fuse together distally to form the exposed 
tip of the ninth tergum. The ventral valves, designated as the 
gonoplac (Scudder, 1961) or third valvula (Snodgrass, 1935), lie 
internal to and extend distally beyond the dorsal valves. Proximally 
the ventral valves expand into a broad plate that bends dorsally or, 
sometimes, posteriorly. The fulcral plates, called the gonangulum 
(Scudder, 1961) or anterior plate (Snodgrass, 1935), are two rectan- 
gular-shaped parts that articulate at their proximal ends with the 
dorsal extension of the ventral valves, and along their anterior ventral 
margin with the proximal ends of the dorsal valves. Stylet arch is 
formed by the bending of the stylets dorsally, posteriorly, and finally 
ventrally to the point where they attach to the distal end of the 
fulcral plates. Depending upon the degree of dorsal extension of the 
ventral valves, the stylet arch may be in a horizontal, oblique, or 
vertical plane. 

Petiole: The second abdominal segment connecting the abdomen 
to the propodeum. 

Propodeum (fig. 3): The first abdominal segment fused with 
the thorax (Snodgrass, 1911). Viewed from the posterior of the 
thorax, the propodeum in most species is concave. In the center of 


438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


the concavity may be a wide or narrow, complete or incomplete, 
central or median groove demarked by lateral carinae. In the median 
groove there may be a single central carina that divides it equally 
into right and left halves. The carina usually extends ventrally only 
one-third to one-half the length of the groove. In other species the 
median groove may be absent and the whole surface uniformly 
punctate or irregularly ridged. Lateral areas are triangular and 
located laterad to the lateral carinae outlining the median groove. 
They are usually sculptured differently from the groove. Where the 
median groove is present dorsally only, the lateral areas blend into 
the concavity of the propodeum ventrally. 

Tegula (fig. 1): A small scalelike sclerite carried on the thorax at 
the extreme base of the forewing. 

Ocellocular line: Line between the lateral margin of a lateral ocellus 
to the medial margin of a compound eye as seen in dorsal view of the 
head. 

Scape (fig. 2): The proximal division of the antenna that arises 
from the base of the scrobe cavity, and articulates distally with the 
pedicle. 

Flagellum: That part of the antenna distal to the ring joint. The 
terminal unit may consist of what appears to be two and sometimes 
three closely fused segments. Most often the last two are closely 
fused, and the preceding third segment is separated by a distinct 
annulation. Thus the flagellum appears seven segmented or occa- 
sionally six segmented if all three terminal units are fused. In a few 
species the terminal unit may be weakly enlarged to give the appear- 
ance of a subclavate condition. The remaining segments of the 
flagellum are truncate distally. 

Marginal vein (fig. 5): Measurement of the length was made 
from the point at which the proximal extension of the vein is flush 
with the margin of the wing, distally to the point at which the post- 
marginal and stigmal veins diverge. 

Postmarginal vein: Measured from its point of departure from the 
marginal vein to its distal tip. 

Stigmal vein and club: Short vein that extends from the distal end 
of the marginal vein outward at less than a 45° angle. It ends in a 
small enlargement known as the stigmal club. 

Forecoxa: The anterior face of the forecoxa in most species has a 
shallow, oblique depression. In a few species the depression is 
accentuated by a raised carina that makes it appear much deeper. 

Umbilicate puncture: Round depression circumscribed by a raised 
carina with a small raised tubercle in the center. It covers the dorsum 
of the thorax, head, and anterior of the head. 


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No. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 439 


Genus Eurytoma Mliger 


Eurytoma Illiger, 1807a, p. 192.—1807hb, p. 128. 

Decatoma Spinola, 1811, p. 151. 

Ennetoma Dahlbom, 1857, p. 292. 

Enneatoma [sic] Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 332. [Emendation.] 
Bephratella Girault, 1913, p. 95. 


Type species: Chalcis abrotani Panzer (=Pteromalus appendigaster) 
Swederus, designated by Westwood, 1840. 

Frema.e.—Varies in length from 1.5 to 7.0mm. Color is most often 
black; occasionally some yellow may occur on the head, lateral 
prothorax and mesothorax, tegula and legs; black may be replaced by 
deep brown in a few species. Abdomen showing seven terga not 
counting the petiole and propodeum; rectangular, oval, or circular 
from a lateral view with slight to extreme lateral compression; ninth 
tergum (exposed ends of the dorsal valves of the genitalia) varies in 
length from .06 to .45 mm; pointed and plow shaped with a prominent 
cercus on each side; may be in line with the horizontal axis of the 
abdomen or project dorsad with the ventral valves at a 30° to 40° 
angle. Petiole may be longer than wide and equal in length to the 
hind coxae or wider than long; sixth abdominal tergum usually as long 
or longer than fourth and fifth combined; lateral surface of sixth often 
covered with fine reticulations that may fade out so that dorsal surface 
is smooth and shiny, or they may extend over dorsal surface. 

Internal genitalia variable; in most species dorsal and ventral valves 
turn dorsally, anteriorly, at less than a right angle; stylet arch is in 
an oblique plane; dorsal extension may be so slight that stylet arch is 
in horizontal plane in some species while in others dorsal and ventral 
valves may turn dorsally at right angle, and the ventral valves turn 
posteriorly forming an arc of 180°, in the latter case the stylet arch is 
in vertical plane; width of dorsal valves may be wide for horizontal 
length or quite narrow and may be yellow except for posterior tip or 
black for entire length. 

Propodeum usually concave with or without a narrow to wide 
median furrow; if furrow is lacking, surface often finely reticulate; if 
furrow is present, lateral areas often reticulate or irregularly ridged; 
in a few species the propodeum is rounded or sloping posteriorly, but 
in most species it drops sharply at almost right angles to the scutellum. 

Dorsal surface of the thorax covered with umbilicate punctures; 
parapsidal grooves on the mesothorax usually complete; broad collar- 
like pronotum usually as wide or only slightly less than width of 
mesonotum in dorsal view; prepectus always present. 

Head with occiput, frons, and genae covered with umbilicate 
punctures, although in a few species punctures may be reduced or 


440) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


wanting, especially on frons and genae; deep scrobal cavity; a few 
species with prominent striae converging on clypeus from below eyes 
and across lower part of face. 

Antenna with one ring joint; pedicle usually shorter than first 
funicle joint; flagellum usually with five truncate segments followed 
by sixth segment that is separated from the terminal unit of two 
closely fused segments by a distinct annulation, but never as deeply 
excised as the preceding five segments; flagellum usually filiform 
although in a few species the terminal three units may be slightly 
swollen or subclavate. 

Foretibia with a single curved tibial spur; hindtibia with two 
straight tibial spurs, one slightly longer than the other; front coxa 
rectangular with a shallow transverse depression on anterior surface; 
depression may be outlined ventrally in a few species by a raised carina. 

Wings clear and hyaline; forewing with a short marginal vein that 
may be longer than or equal in length to the postmarginal; both veins 
most often linear, although in a few species marginal may be broader 
than postmarginal and more heavily chitinized; no true stigma; 
stigmal vein shorter than or equal in length to marginal and ending 
in a small club; only other vein present is the submarginal. 

Maue.—Smaller than the female, ranging from .85 to 4.2 mm. in 
length. Resembles the female as far as head, thorax, legs, and wing 
characteristics are concerned. Chief differences are in antenna and 
abdomen. Antenna consists of a scape with a rounded, knoblike 
protuberance just below articulation with petiole; flagellum with 
five, occasionally four, longer than wide, dorsally produced, pedicellate 
segments with two long whorles of hairs on two, three, and four; 
terminal unit of two or three closely fused segments. Abdomen with 
an elongate petiole, equal to or longer than hindcoxae; shape of the 
abdomen from the side triangular to oval; in cross section round to 
oval and not as long or deep as in female; sixth tergum usually the 
longest. 

Summary of generic characteristics (female only): Small; mostly 
black with extremities of femur and tibia, often tegula, scape of 
antenna, and tips of ventral valves yellow; abdomen with seven terga; 
most often showing varying degrees of lateral compression; sixth 
tergum usually as long or longer than fourth and fifth combined and 
with fine scalelike sculpturing on at least lower lateral surface; ninth 
tergum often elongate and pointed, bearing a round cercus on each 
side. 

Female genitalia with dorsal and ventral valves produced dorsally, 
anteriorly, in varying degrees so that stylet arch may be in a horizontal, 
oblique, or vertical plane. 








No. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 441 


Propodeum most often at approximately a right angle to the scutel- 
lum; usually shallowly concave and with or without a median furrow. 

Thorax covered dorsally with coarse umbilicate punctures; para- 
psidal grooves on the mesonotum complete; pronotum collar-shaped 
and usually as long as the mesonotum; prepectus always present. 

Head usually with umbilicate punctures on vertex, frons, and genae. 

Antenna elbowed; scape attached at the base of a deep scrobal 
cavity; one small ring joint between pedicle and first joint of the 
flagellum; flagellum 6- or 7-segmented; if 6-segmented, terminal unit 
consists of three closely fused segments; otherwise two closely fused 
segments; antenna usually filiform or weakly clavate. 

Front coxa always with a shallow oblique depression on anterior 
face; in a few species depression appears deeper because of a raised 
carina; foreleg with one curved tibial spur and hindleg with two 
straight tibial spurs. 

Remarks. —The description and summary of the characteristics of 
the genus EHurytoma are the author’s concept of the genus, based on 
his knowledge of the North American species only. A revision of 
the genera of the family Eurytomidae on a worldwide basis might 
narrow or expand the limits of the genus, but as yet such a study 
has not appeared. 


The genus is worldwide in its distribution with described species 
from the Arctic Circle to Patagonia and southern Africa. Although 
an accurate count has not been made, there must be in the neighbor- 
hood of 450 or more described species. 


The author hopes that this treatment of the species of Kurytoma 
in North America north of Mexico will help increase the knowledge 
of this large genus and will aid those who are working with the genus 
in the United States and other countries, presently and in the future. 


The key is restricted to the females because several species of 
Eurytoma lack males and in some others males occur sporadically 
in small numbers only. The species are not arranged phylogenetically 
although some of the more specialized morphologically appear at 
the beginning of the key and many of the more generalized toward 
the end. 


Explanation of some of the structures and measurements used in 
the key appear in a preceding section. 


Key to Species of Eurytoma of North America Based on Female 


1. Abdominal petiole longer than wide; longer than, equal to, or only slightly 
shorter than the hindcoxa ...... .- .Group A. Petiolata (p. 442) 
Abdominal petiole short; breadth may be equal to length or greater than 
Tet gt ee al be el ae Gi, so) Group B. Brevipetiolata (p. 443) 2 


4492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


2. Head with frons, often clypeus and lateral surfaces of pronotum yellow or 
reddish brown. . . . . . . . . Complex I. Bicolor (p. 443) 
Head and thorax entirely place or ee bolly or.in! part, dark, brown: Seen 
3. Abdomen narrow and rectangular in lateral view; only slight lateral compres- 
sion; triangular in cross section; propodeum sloping posteriorly with a deep, 
narrow, complete median furrow; ninth tergum and ventral valves in line 
with horizontal axis of abdomen. . Se Il. Pachyneuron (p. 444) 
Abdomen and propodeum not as above .. . Lee 4 
4, Abodmen may be strongly laterally compr pee, view al fom ‘tae side dow! 
gate or broad to deeply oval; in cross section narrowly oval with greatest 
width in upper one-third; ovipositor may be tilted dorsad in relation to 
longitudinal axis of abdomen. . . . . Complex III. Gigantea (p. 444) 
Abdomen not strongly compressed; more nearly oval in outline in lateral 
view and not greatly lengthened or deeply oval; ovipositor more nearly 

in line with longitudinal axis of abdomen. 
Complex IV. Tylodermatis (p. 445) 


Group A. Petiolata 


1. Abdominal petiole longer than hindcoxa, very slender, approximately round 
in cross section; pronotum with 3—4 transverse ridges; abdomen extremely 
laterally Conipneced ie So Cote A all phlocotitt Ashmead 

Abdominal petiole not longer than fmdgome not so slender; more nearly 
triangular in cross section; ridges on pronotum absent . ...... 2 

2. Abdominal petiole more nearly equal in length to hindecoxa. . .... 38 
Abdominal petiole distinctly shorter than hindcoxa . . . SP eo 

3. Face with prominent striae converging on the clypeus; aodomen elongate and 
laterally compressed; medium large species averaging 3.5 mm. in length; 
ninth tergum elongate and pointed . . . . 2. orchidearum (Westwood) 

Face nonstriated; abdomen short and plump; small species averaging 2—2.5 
mm. in length; ninth tergum short and blunt. ... . Soe 

4. Propodeum with a prominent tubercle, dorsally, on each Sel of concavity; 
sixth tergum sculptured over entire surface; head entirely black. 

3. mammae, new species 

Tubercles absent on propodeum; sixth tergum smooth and shining dorsally; 
head yellow except for black area around ocelli and occiput. 

4. lycti Ashmead 

5. Forecoxa with a prominent raised ridge on anterior face outlining a deep, 


rounded depression ... of a tee ao 
Forecoxa without a omiaent Paice ride on Hnnenon face ee eet 

6. Legs yellow or orange yellow; black infuscation when present on hindfemora 
Onlyilee tere Jie AR eas 


Legs with black or Garkptaw n natusCation! on Faces nl often ontibiae. 8 

7. Anterior ocellus not separated from two lateral ocelli by distinct carinae; 
anterior edge of pronotum without tubercles; eyes without emargination 
medially .... . .. . . 5. doreaschemae Ashmead 
Anterior ocellus ecparated ee ee lateral ocelli by raised carina; two 
small tubercles projecting dorsally on anterior edge of pronotum; eyes 

with prominent emargination medially . . . 6. semicircula, new species 

8. Propodeum with lateral areas narrow and rounded; surface covered with 
irregular ridges and pits; median furrow narrow and indicated by lateral 
carinae in dorsal half. ... . 5: (ore eee, 
Propodeum broad and concavity Shallow: sureace ‘Sonered wits fine uniform 
punctations; median furrow absent. . .. . . 7. profunda, new name 


NO. 


= 


10. 


mt. 


12. 


13. 


3533  ##CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 443 


Length of sixth abdominal tergum dorsally, approximately equal to length 
of fifth or at most 1% times length of fifth; ninth tergum stout and as 
long or longer than eighth tergum ... . . . 8. conica Provancher 

Length of sixth abdominal tergum, dorsally a least twice the length of 
fifth; ninth tergum half or less than half the length of the eighth tergum. 

10 

Central carina of median furrow present in upper half only; first joint of 
flagellum a third longer than second joint; stigmal club rectangular and 
larceny he: ... . . 9. magdalidis Ashmead 

Central carina bE Pucaiiia feara eee to base of furrow; first joint of 
flagellum only a sixth longer than second; stigmal club narrowly rectan- 
gular, appearing as slight enlargment of stigmal vein. 

10. inornata Bugbee 

Propodeum sloping; narrowly concave with a narrow and deep median 


furrow; abdomen rectangular, very slightly compressed ..... . 12 
Propodeum vertical or abrupt; concavity wide; median furrow wide, nar- 
row or absent; abdomen not as above . . . she" ae MS 


Umbilicate Dancin reduced on head and (eee very peiellga and deli- 
cate; abdomen with sixth segment longer than fifth dorsally. 

11. minnesota Girault 

Umbilicate punctures not reduced, sharp and deep; abdomen with sixth 

segment not much longer than fifth dorsally; marginal about twice the 

length of the postmarginal; antenna with distinet club. 
12. illinoisensis Girault 
Petiole about one-half the length of hindcoxa; marginal vein broad, but not 


heavily chitinized ..... . . . . . 18. sphaera, new species 
Petiole one-half or less the length a famieesee marginal vein linear; stigmal 
ehip.rectangular 2... ee er ee £4. obtusilobas etnend 


Group B. Brevipetiolata 
Complex I. Bicolor 


Postmarginal vein one-half or less the length of the marginal vein . . . 2 
Postmarginal vein more than one-half the length of the marginal vein . 3 
Small species averaging 1.9 mm. in length; propodeum wide and shallow; 
surface finely and evenly punctate; no median furrow; all coxae yellow; 
venter of abdomen reddish brown .... . . . 15. semivena Bugbee 
Medium-sized species averaging 2.9 mm. in length; propodeum wide and 
shallow with median furrow indicated by lateral carinae in upper half to 
two-thirds of length; hindcoxa often black on outer and anterior faces. 
16. flavovultus Bugbee 
Abdomen and thorax black; clypeus, upper part of frons, small spot behind 
eye, and spot on anterolateral edge of pronotum, yellow. 
17. bicolor Walsh 
Abdomen and thorax mostly deep brown; orange-yellow color on face, lateral 
aspect of pronotum, legs, and often coxae. . . ee Te 
Medium-sized species averaging 3.3 mm. in length; mate distinctly clav- 
ate with a long and narrow first funicle joint, clearly longer than the ped- 
ICE apes Stns ... . . 18. lutea, new species 
Small species ee ‘2. 31 mm. in ene antenna filiform; first funicle 
joint only slightly longer or equal to pedicle as seen from above. 
19, juniperinus Marcovitch 


444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Complex II. Pachyneuron 


1. Marginal vein thicker and broader (2 to 3 times) than postmarginal . . 2 
Marginal vein linear or less than twice width of postmarginal; not thick- 
eEnediits|\.a09 dass {CORTE erates 

2. Color deep reddish bron arekidiae ie ama hindcoxne: head and thorax 
with reduced umbilicate punctures. ...... 20. bromi (Howard) 
Color usually black; mid- and hindcoxae yellow; head and thorax with dis- 
tinct umbilicate punctures. . . ... . . . 21. pachyneuron Girault 


3. Body color light brown; legs and coxae yellow; sixth tergum two or more 
times the length of five and unsculptured laterally. 
22. eragrestidis (Howard) 
Body color dark reddish brown including coxae; sixth tergum about 1% times 
the length of the fifth and finely sculptured laterally to dorsal surface. 
23. neomexicana Girault 


Complex III. Gigantea 


1. Abdomen in lateral view deeply oval to circular in outline; strongly com- 
pressed; ovipositor tilted dorsad so that it is transverse to the longitudinal 


axis of the abdomen .. . ny Leoanseee ge ee ee 
Abdomen in lateral view Clonente: if eripoeitaen is tilted Homa it is only 
slightly above the longitudinal axis of the abdomen. . ....... 6 


2. Marginal vein broad in relation to postmarginal; postmarginal half the length 
of marginal; prominent striae converging on the clypeus, covering lower 
half of face; first funicle segment twice as long as broad. 

24. californica Ashmead 

Marginal vein linear or nearly same width as postmarginal; the latter more 
than half the length of marginal; striae absent or only a few present. . 3 

3. Sixth gastral tergum strongly sculptured on sides, this sculpture extending 


dorsally nearly or to the horizontal dorsal portion of tergum. . . . 4 
Sixth tergum smooth and polished dorsally; lateral as liented to 
lower two-thirds or less... . ‘ aa Geet) 


4. Ninth gastral tergum long, its cerca Macated ave or six Sime nie ions diam- 
eter of cercal scar from apex of tergum; margin of scrobe cavity with a 
distinct angle or tubercle a little above base of scape; scape, tegula, and 
legs black... .. ... . . 25. gigantea Walsh 

Ninth tergum much Shoneer, the cereal: scar ro more than two or three times 
its own length from apex of tergum; margin of scrobe cavity without angle 
or tubercle; scape, tegula, and legs except coxae, testaceous. 

26. querci-globuli (Fitch) 

5. Legs with reddish-brown infuscation on femora and tibiae; propodeum with 
a wide incomplete median furrow that narrows ventrally. 

27. solenozopheriae Ashmead 

Legs with femora and tibiae yellow; propodeum with acomplete, wide median 
furrow that maintains same width dorsoventrally . . . 28. furva Bugbee 

6. Face clothed with dense, long, recumbent yellow hair; legs more or less 
reddish\. «2,27: ee oa 29. pissodis Girault 

Face clothed with ieee doce. meambent Bileery white hair; legs yellowish 
brown ers. : = Ae, Sd 

7. Head unusually thick’ Anteromeaterionie® anterioe: serrate ceed in profile 
from above strongly convex; sixth gastral tergum laterally as well as 
dorsally very nearly sculptureless; legs, including anterior and midcoxae, 





10. 


No. 3533  CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 445 


reddish testaceous; posterior ae sometimes with femora and tibiae 
infuseated, <<) /.tyn ... . . 380. cleri Ashmead 
Head more transverse, if ierkadiy: convex action ly, the coxae at least are 
black and sixth tergum usually more strongly sculptured laterally . . 8 
Tegula, scape, flagellum, and legs, yellow; marginal vein about three times 
the length of the short postmarginal vein. . . 31. flavicrus, new species 
Tegula, often scape, flagellum, and legs, except extremities, black; marginal 
less than three times the length of the postmarginal vein, about 14%. . 9 
Average length 3.0 mm. (2.4-3.4); ninth tergum averages .22 mm. (.20-.25) ; 
sixth tergum longer than three and four combined or about one-third 
length of abdomen. . . ... . . 02. contractura, new species 
Large species averaging ahaa 5. 0 mm, (3.7—6.6); ninth tergum averages 
.46 mm. (.27-.63); sixth tergum about same length as three and four 
combined or about one-quarter length of abdomen . . ates PLO 
Scape yellow or with slight blackish tinge dorsally only; force and midlegs 
yellowish brown; veins pale clay yellow; marginal vein thin or linear; 
stigmal club narrow to linear. . . ... . . . 33. discordans Bugbee 
Scape, femora, and tibiae of all legs usually with some black infuscation; 
veins yellowish brown; marginal vein narrow to broad but never linear; 
stigmal club rectangular to square... .... . . 34, acuta Bugbee 


Complex IV. Tylodermatis 


Abdomen reddish brown or at least sixth tergum reddish brown; femora and 
nigel yellow; Or testaceous>, 2 Shen i\-) =: Hao <p dexiptge = = 2 
Abdomen dark brown to black. ... . ge ee 
Dorsal valves of genitalia narrow for honeonsal ieneah, aialee arch and 
fulcral plate in a vertical plane; postmarginal vein averages about one-half 
the length of the marginal ..... . .. . . 35. prunicola Walsh 
Dorsal valves of genitalia broad for iorizontell length; stylet arch and fulcra] 
plate in an oblique plane; Ea aae vein averages about 80% length of 


AMAT OUNAl ear smi. a ko ... . . 36. celtigalla Bugbee 
Face with strong striae conver ee on ely pets ne vse to brown, never 
bitickw#egicteats Akones Oe 


Face without eee diaincts oaeeene ane may ne a view weak striae 
limited mostly to lower angle of face; not covering whole lower half of face; 
tegula variable but most often dark leon to;blacksawemtarcy - 8 

Sixth tergum long, fully 40% length of abdomen; heavily scuypimed’e over 
entire surface; marginal vein linear and twice the length of the post- 
marpinal. 9. - . .. . « 87. lacunae, new species 

Sixth tergum less tion ‘40% fait of eneone sculpturing limited to lower 
three-quarters or less of sixth tergum; marginal vein may be broader and 
longer than, or equal in length to postmarginal. . . . ae. 5 

Marginal vein equal in length to postmarginal vein; pee eur wide and 
shallow; median furrow indistinct or indicated dorsally only; abdomen oval 
and eee ns . .. . . 388. nigricoxa Provancher 

Marginal vein longer ease onan aul abdomen laterally compressed. . 6 

Legs with black infuscation on femora and tibiae; coxae black; funicle joints 
of male antenna not noticeably pedicellate and lacking lone whorles of 
WAITS: iyi. Saye . . .. . . 89. querci Fullaway 

Legs all eae or peopel iniaseaie on hindfemora and tibiae only; 
coxae black or with some yellow on fore- and often on midcoxae; funicle 
jointa:of migle pedicellate.,.).. 6.0) «lel siie woerered ime ails © 6 ia 


446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


7. Ninth tergum averages .12 mm. in length; marginal vein wider than post- 
marginal; median furrow of eae indicated in upper one-third to 
one-half. ... . . . . . . 40. auriceps Walsh 

Ninth tergum eee 20: mm. in Wisnvane Marea and postmarginal linear 
or about same width; median furrow complete to base. 
41. brevivena Bugbee 

8. Transverse carina on underside of front coxa ean. into a tooth or short, 
blunt tubercle on outer margin. .. . 3, ean coe) 

Transverse carina on underside of front coxa 08 mode’ in a tooth on 
outer margin; carina not sharp; bordering a very shallow depression. . 10 

9. Propodeum irregularly, transversely striated medially; coarsely rugose 
laterally; abdomen not compressed, rather blunt at apex. 

42. obtusiventris Gahan 

Propodeum within excavation, nearly uniformly alveolately sculptured; 
abdomen compressed, acute at apex. . . . . . 43. vernonia, new species 

10. Sixth, seventh, and eighth terga densely clothed laterally with long, white 
hair, continues across dorsum of seventh and eighth terga; all terga finely 
sculptured dorsally; face densely hairy; stigmal vein as long as marginal; 
postmarginal much longer than marginal. . . . 44. bigeloviae Ashmead 

Long, dense, white hair absent on terga; sixth tergum bare, others sparsely 


hairy, laterally, but vestiture not long. . . . 5 5 cyt Ce aL 
11. Pedicle, viewed dorsally, as long as the first fmucle rin: 2 e, Aope comes 
Pedicle distinctly shorter than the first funicle joint.. . . ...... 14 


12. Propodeum broad and shallowly concave to almost flat; median furrow 
absent or indicated by wide-spaced lateral carinae in upper one-third to 
one-half only; rest of surface ae an ridged and pitted or finely 
punctate. .... 5 VAR aa eels 

Propodeum rounded ana one concave mith a dec ad narrow median 
furrow usually complete to base; head viewed dorsally, rounded anteriorly. 
45. atripes Gahan 

13. Small species averaging 1.6 mm. (1.3-1.9) in length; veins yellowish brown 
and linear; marginal averaging .20 mm. (.17—.25) and postmarginal aver- 
aging .10 mm. (.07—.12); thus marginal averages twice the length of 
postmarginal.. .... ... . . 46. levivultus Bugbee 

Larger species averaging 3. 3. mm. (2. 7-3. 7) in length; veins dark brown and 
marginal wider than linear postmarginal; marginal only slightly longer 
than postmarginal; marginal averaging .11 mm. and postmarginal .10 mm. 


imslenoths.! Gk, .4 . .. . 47. tumoris Bugbee 

14. Antennal elub diane a little fiieker thant thefunicles io Sse ee > 
Antennae filiform or without a distinct club. . . .. . saree Se LG 

15. Propodeum with a wide, complete median furrow that fills concavity of 
propodeum; lateral areas absent. . . . . . . . 48. fossae, new species 
Median furrow in upper one-half only or complete to base; lateral areas 
distinct and finely punctate. ... . 2 Sh ey: AG? tomtici Ashmead 


16. Width of malar space less than half the eye height: sixth gastral tergum very 
weakly sculptured at lower angles only, Oana it is smooth; interstices 
between umbilicate punctures of thorax unsculptured. 

50. appendigaster (Swederus) 

Width of malar space fully half as great as eye height (frequently longer) ; 
sculpture of sixth tergum usually more ete interstices often 
sculptured fits oie. Af ARAN Pe sel 7i 

17. Abdomen plump; Globular 41 in itera and Aprils view; indicate only slight 
lateral compression; ninth tergum short, broad, Anal stubby, averaging 


NO. 


18. 


12. 


20. 


Pls 


22. 


23. 


24, 


25. 


26. 


27. 


3533  #CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 447 


.17—.19 mm. in Rens aecuae and postmarginal veins often equal in 


Hem cb Hvicw ey gerne Secdhiat i % AS 
Abdomen oval, As some Oral eo re Rea variable; 
marginal vein usually longer than postmarginal. . . Jetset 20 


Abdomen lightly sculptured and limited on sixth to fon half or less; 
dorsal surface smooth and shiny; sixth segment narrow, averaging ee 
1%) times the length of the fifth; marginal vein longer than post- 
ADAM INA hye 91 3 . .. . . 51. seminis Bugbee 
Abdomen more or less tne Reniewinted all over; may disappear on 
dorsoposterior borders of fifth and sixth tergum or cover entire surface; 
marginal and postmarginal veins most often equal in length; sixth tergum 
more nearly twice length of fifth .... Seacee oh Sot AO 
Propodeum broad but with a narrow, deep, comets aes furrow that 
narrows gradually toward base . . .. . . . 52. altifossa, new species 
Propodeum without a median furrow or an indication of one in dorsal 
one-third only. ... . . .. . . 53. crassa, new species 
Sculpturing on sixth ARE fore heavy ventrally and extending over 
dorsal surface, either covering entire surface or forming a narrow band 


along anterior margin .. . ant) eee 
Sculpturing on sixth tergum nedered fs Tees half re aes or less of 
surface; dorsal surface smooth and shiny... . ts WOU) 


Sixth na completely covered with fine aster eee Heaee, ventrally, 
becoming lighter dorsally; dorsal valves broad for horizontal length. 

54. terrea Bugbee 

Sixth tergum with closely spaced heavy reticulations ventrally that become 

lighter dorsally and recede toward anterior margin in the form of a narrow 


AI has) fei 3) sys ah atehenlcoes: bee 
Propodeum with a narrow or Eine pomplete eda oe sles ee aiieel S20 
Propodeum with an incomplete median furrow restricted to upper half or 

JOSS sec aa: sons), Lost spel Ball herncoscae ie tes, oO 
Dorsal valves narrow ce hompontal eae 6 a cs Ste NEA S24 
Dorsal valves broad for horizontal length . . set ican lO 
Ninth tergum elongate and pornlens averaging 29 mm. in mieaeth (.20-.35) ; 

antenna filiform .. . ... . . 55. incerta Fullaway 
Ninth tergum short and Peon averaging .16 mm. in length (.13-.19); 

antenna weakly clavate .... ... . . 56. stigmi Ashmead 


Genitalia averages 2.1 mm. in length aa ‘81 mim. in height; median groove 
with a median carina complete to base; ocellocular line about twice 
diameter of lateral ocellus ... . .... . 57. sciromatis Bugbee 

Genitalia averages 1.5 mm. in length (. 4-1.8) and .75 mm. in height 
(.62-.87); thus the height is about half the length; stylet arch nearer to 
horizontal plane than an oblique plane; ocellocular line less than twice 


the diameter of the lateral ocellus . .. . . 58. tylodermatis Ashmead 
Dorsal valves of female genitalia broad for horizontal length . . . . . 27 
Dorsal valves narrow for horizontal length . .. . micah Youe9) 


Legs with reddish-brown to black infuscation on foes nad feedtaranes rest 
of legs yellow; dorsal valves of female genitalia broad for horizontal 
length; marginal and postmarginal most often equal in length, averaging 
.29 mm. (.25-.35); marginal vein linear. . . . 59. gossypii, new species 

Legs with black or dark-brown infuscation on femora and tibiae of all 
legs or lacking on foretibia only; marginal vein broader than postmarginal 
WL TaMM RAMS BRE Beg aie: Need oye: “sarah Eke Reeee sein, ae ca ee, ee 


448 


28. 


29. 


30. 


30. 


34. 


35. 


36. 


37. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Propodeum with an incomplete median furrow; area below furrow and 
lateral areas finely and evenly punctate. Internal genitalia short; 
length equal to twice the height; stylet arch in a horizontal plane. 

60. squamosa, new species 

Propodeum with a wide, shallow, complete median furrow that narrows 
ventrally; furrow crossed by irregular horizontal ridges; lateral areas 
roughly ridged and punctate. Internal genitalia with length less than 
twice the height and stylet arch in an oblique plane . 61. calycis Bugbee 

Size large, averaging 4.5 mm. (3.9-5.2) in length; ninth tergum elongate 
averaging .28 mm. in length (.25-.32); faces and postmarginal veins 
often equalinlength ..... ... . . 62. pini Bugbee 

Size medium, averaging 3.2 mm. (3. 0- 3. 7) in lene ninth tergum averaging 
.20 mm. (.17—.22) in length; marginal usually longer than postmarginal. 

63. baccae, new species 

Ninth abdominal segment short and blunt, averaging less than 0.20 mm. in 


length (range 10-19)... .. Ae cones etek 
Ninth abdominal segment more elongate mid acutely pointed, averaging 
0.20 mm. or more in length (range .23-.29) ... . ile tex iat yaa 
Median furrow of propodeum wide and indicated by dateral carinae in upper 
one-third to one-half only, or may be absent. . .. . Ne eto 
Median furrow complete to base of propodeum and nated laterally by 
complete lateral carinae... . dat ER ee MRS 


Abdomen quite plump, only slight Tateral Commie Tiayeinall vein longer 
than postmarginal vein; ninth tergum very short and stubby averaging 
less than .10 mm. in decizt int UML ae ee .... . 64. rhois Crosby 

Abdomen compressed but not extremely so; Peeaneanal vein often euqal in 
length to postmarginal; ninth tergum more uated averaging .10 mm. 


or more in length ::09..: . 5 Mas Cael eet 
Legs with a black to dark radeisie Broa eardeencon on all denier and tibiae; 
coxae usually black ..... s, whales ste 34 
Legs all yellow or black to daaebreen anruseason! on faude and midlegs 
only; coxae may be yellow or black ..... ly ies aa Od, 
Color dark brown to black; marginal vein Browder: ‘an postmarginal; 
tegula and scape yellow to brown. . . . SDs Wi amo 
Color black, marginal vein linear or about same asi as Sa ostmaceirrle 
tegula and scape most often black or dark brown . . . LR Aree O 


Marginal and postmarginal veins most often equal in engin antenna 
filiform; dorsal valves of genitalia narrow for horizontal length and stylet 
archinanoblique plane... . ... . . 65. levo, new species 

Marginal vein always longer than postamesial vein; antenna subclavate; 
dorsal valves broad for horizontal length and stylet arch in a Horizontal 
planevrs, 3 . .. . . 66. crassineura Ashmead 

Propodeum eee a are dian ron that is wide at top but narrows ventrally ; 
lateral and central carinae distinct in upper one-half to three-quarters; 
first funicle joint narrow and elongate. . . .. . . 67. parva Phillips 

Propodeum flat and without a median furrow; surface finely punctate; first 
funicle joint longer than wide but not noticeably thin and elongate. 

68. fusca, new species 

Legs with black or brown infuscation on hindfemora and tibiae and occa- 
sionally on midfemora and tibiae; marginal vein stout or broader than 
postmarginal vein. Ninth tergum short, averaging .15 mm. in length 
GIAQ= 17) ater ae aad ee Gina! Reet olin at ROO INiGuuS bug Bee 








NO. 


38. 


39. 


40. 


41. 


42. 


43. 


44. 


45. 


46. 


47. 


3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 449 


Legs all yellow often including front and midcoxae; marginal vein linear; 
ninth abdominal tergum short, averaging .19 mm. in length (.17-.20). 
70. flavicrurensa Bugbee 

Postmarginal vein averages 70-72% the length of marginal vein; dorsal 


valves narrow to medium .. . Pa Nae oD) 
Postmarginal vein averages 80% or eee ihe iieth af marginal vein; 
dorsal valves of female genitalia wide for horizontal length . . . . . 40 


Marginal vein long, averaging .42 mm. (.35-.45) in length; tegula black. 
71. longavena Bugbee 
Marginal vein short, averaging .29 mm. See in length; tegula black or 


dark brown. . . ise ote (2) studiosa Say 
Ninth abdominal ferent Shact baal oe Syeruaias -10-.13 mm. in length 
CTS Fo ast vary) 2 Sea ee. an ee 


Ninth abdominal rea ee sapere 15 mm. or more in ener (.10-.22). 
73. spongiosa Bugbee 
Sixth abdominal tergum about as long as four and five combined; median 


furrow of propodeum narrows toward base. . . 74. obtusa, new species 
Sixth abdominal tergum narrow, very little longer than fifth; median furrow 
with approximately parallel lateral carinae . . . 75. imminuta Bugbee 
Ocellocular line distinctly longer ean ae twice) than diameter of 
lateral ocellus. . .. . ... . . 76. bolteri Riley 
Ocellocular line subequal Ges ert nes more nearly eaeel) to diameter of 
lateral ocellus. . ... Wid) As ioukas 


Dorsal valves of the female aan prowl fer honenmial longa propodeum 
with a narrow median furrow outlined my lateral carinae to base of pro- 
podeum; tegula black ..... ... .. 77. spina Bugbee 

Dorsal valves of female genitalia narrow foe horizontal length and only 
slight dorsal extension of dorsal and ventral valves; propodeum variable, 
wide, and shallow without median furrow or incomplete median fur- 


TO WemsR EVD Et Neglics 22. foe ot Fal Sip 5 “icy Ry a Sea roy a tak tes so eA ee 
Marginal vein broader than postmarginal vein; all veins brown. . . . 45 
Marginal vein linear and about same width as postmarginal; veins pale 

vellowe~ co0.* = ew etre AG 


Sculpturing on frien perisee ae sath fereue famed ‘a lowes half or less; 
dorsal surface smooth and shiny; femora and tibiae with black infuscation. 
78. picea, new species 
Sculpturing on sixth covers most of lateral surface but may disappear or 
continue over dorsal surface; femora and tibiae often yellow or with some 
brown infuseation. .. . ... . . 79. calearea Bugbee 
Basie color of legs yellow with) Taerie eons of black or dark-brown 
infuscation on middle and hindtibia and femora; oe vein longer 
than postmarginal vein. .. . Se ope ee eee ee 
Basic color of legs orange-brown mie min eee on hindfemora in 
some specimens; marginal and postmarginal veins equal in length. 
80. apiculae Bugbee 
Legs yellow except for black or reddish-brown infuscation on hindfemora 
only; sculpturing on lateral aspect of sixth abdominal tergum limited to 
lowers altey i014 ..y . ... . 81. mali, new species 
Forelegs often yellow or math Bink infuscation on femora; black infuscation 
on mid- and hindfemora and tibiae; lateral sculpturing on sixth abdominal 
tergum usually covers lower half completely and then diminishes toward 
anterior margin to just below dorsal surface . . . 82. diastrophi Walsh 
219-931—67——_2 


450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


Group A. Petiolata 
1. Eurytoma phloeotribi Ashmead 


Map 1 
Eurytoma phloeotribi Ashmead, 1894, p. 826.—Peck, 1951, p. 577. 


Types: U.S. National Museum, no. 25505; type series consists of 
6 females, 1 of which I have labelled and designated as lectotype. 

Type locality: Morgantown, W. Va., bred Mar. 23, 1893, by A. D. 
Hopkins, Acc. no. 6117a, from Mulberry. 

Distribution: United States: West Virginia, Virginia, Washington, 
D.C., North Carolina, New York, Oregon, California, Idaho. Canada: 
Quebec. 

Hosts: Phloeotribus frontalis (Oliver) in Mulberry (Ashmead, 1894). 
Phloeotribus dentifrons (Blackman) (Peck, 1951, in Musebeck et al., 
U.S. Dept. Agric. Monogr., no. 2). Pityophthorus liquidambarus 
Blackman (Peck, 1951, 1n Musebeck et al., U.S. Dept. Agric. Monoer. 
no. 2). Pseudopityophthorus minutissimus (Zimmermann) (Peck, 
1951, in Musebeck et al., U.S. Dept. Agric. Monogr., no. 2). Pseudo- 
pityophthorus pruinosus (Kichhoff) (Peck, 1951, in Musebeck et al., 
U.S. Dept. Agric. Monogr., no. 2). Scolytus muticus Say (Peck, 1951, 
in Musebeck et al., U.S. Dept. Agric. Monogr., no. 2). Stephanoderes 
dissimilis (Zimmermann) (Peck, 1951, 71 Musebeck et al., U.S. Dept. 
Agric. Monoegr., no.2). Scolytus abietis Blackman from Abies grandis 
(specimens in U.S. National Museum collection). 

Additional locality records and specimens: U.S. National Museum 
collection (22 females and 11 males). 

This species seems to be limited in its parasitism to the Engraver 
beetles of the family Scolytidae. 

Eurytoma phloeotribi with its abdomen extremely compressed 
laterally, round elongate petiole, and coiled female genitalia might 
well be separated from Hurytoma as a distinct genus. Since only the 
one species is known, and there are only a few specimens, it seems 
best to leave it in Eurytoma until more study material is available. 


2. Eurytoma erchidearum (Westwocd) 


Tsosoma orchidearum Westwood, 1869, p. 1230; 1882, pp. 307-328.— Moore, 1916, 
pp. 3-12.— Felt, 1916, p. 336. 
Eurytoma orchidearum Gahan, 1922, p. 41.—Peck, 1951, p. 577. 
Eurytoma phoenix Girault, 1917, p. 11; 1920, p. 204.—Bugbee, 1956, p. 504. 
Types: Hope Department of Entomology, University Museum, 
Oxford, England. 
Type locality: Brazil. 
Distribution: Cosmopolitan. 
Host: Orchids (Cattleya species). 


No. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 451 


Remarks: E. orchidearum (Westwood) occurs wherever orchids are 
grown and shipped. It first appeared in the United States in Natick, 
Mass. in 1889 (Felt, 1916). It is phytophagous in the bulbs, stems, 
buds, and leaves of many orchid species. An account of its biology 
is given by Moore (1916). See Bugbee (1956) for taxonomic notes. 
This species lacks the raised carinae bordering a deep depression on 
the anterior face of the forecoxae, and the propodeum has a deep 
median furrow with raised lateral carinae, especially prominent at 
the base. 

3. Eurytoma mammae, new species 


Ficure 10; Map 2 


Female: Mostly black. Average length 2.3 mm. (1.8-2.7). Abdo- 
men bluntly oval in lateral view and approximately equal in length to 
the head and thorax combined; length not including the petiole aver- 
ages 1.0 mm. (.82-1.2); surface of sixth tereum of the abdomen cov- 
ered entirely with fine scalelike sculpturing that becomes more delicate 
over dorsal surface. Ninth tergum short, blunt, and about equal in 
length to the eighth tergum; averages .07 mm. (.05-.10) in length. 
Internal genitalia average 1.1 mm. in length; dorsal valves broad for 
horizontal length and turn dorsally, anteriorly along with ventral 
valves at less than a right angle; stylet arch close to a horizontal plane; 
dorsal valves black at distal tip, remainder yellow; distal tip of ventral 
valves extends only slightly beyond tip of dorsal valves. Petiole 
longer than wide, and about two-thirds the length of hindcoxae; 
flattened dorsally and without a median, dorsally produced scale at 
anterior end. Propodeum broad and shallowly concave; surface finely 
punctate except dorsally and sometimes a narrow strip down middle 
that may be irregularly ridged; carina outlining dorsal margin of 
concavity slanting ventrolaterally and produced into a posteriorly 
directed, sharp tubercle on each side before it bends ventromedially ; 
area lateral to carina, including sides of propodeum, punctate. Tegulae 
yellow. Pronotum flattened dorsally. Eyes, scrobe cavity, and 
clypeus emarginate. Antenna with yellow scape and pedicle; flagel- 
lum brown and six jointed, first segment longer than wide, two to 
five moniliform. Legs with dark-brown infuscation on femora only, 
except for midfemora that may lack it; tibiae yellow; forecoxae with an 
oblique raised carina on anterior face below a deep depression. Wing 
veins yellow; marginal and postmarginal linear; stigmal vein short; 
club narrow and rectangular; marginal longer than postmarginal vein, 
averaging .22 mm. (.20-.25) and .13 mm. (.10-.15) respectively. 

Male: Unknown. 

Types: 9 females. Holotype female and paratypes in the U.S. 
National Museum collection, Washington, D.C. (USNM 66051). 
Paratypes in the Bugbee collection, Meadville, Pa. 


452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


Type locality: Arlington, Va., May 30, 1958, K. V. Krombein col- 
lection. Paratypes collected June 4, July 3 and 6, 1955; May 26, 
1957, by K. V. Krombein. 

Host: Unknown for the type series. Possibly Stegmus species and 
Leperisinus aculeatus (Say). 

Distribution: United States: Virginia, New Jersey, Maryland, and 
Illinois. 

Remarks: This species is close to Hurytoma lyctt Ashmead but can 
be separated from it by the more extensive sculpturing that covers 
the dorsal surface of the sixth abdominal tergum, the tubercles on the 
propodeum, and the lack of any yellow on the head. 


4. Eurytoma lycti Ashmead 
Map 2 


Eurytoma lycti Ashmead, 1894, p. 325.—Elliott and Marley, 1911, pp. 452-496.— 
Peck, 1951, p. 576. 


Types: U.S. National Museum, no. 11869. Type material consists 
of 1 female which I have labeled and designated as type. 

Type locality: Morgantown, W. Va., bred Sept. 10, 1893, by 
A. D. Hopkins. 

Distribution: United States: Virginia, West Virginia, Kansas. 

Host: Lyctus striatus Melsh in Hickory (Ashmead, 1894). 

Remarks: The only host record for this species is Lyctus striatus 
Melsh, nesting in Hickory, cited in the original description by Ashmead 
(1894). It is probably rather widely distributed as the lone specimen 
from Riley County, Kansas, suggests. 

This species is distinguished by the presence on the propodeum of 
a very narrow but quite deep median furrow, the absence of a thin 
scale on the dorsal surface at the anterior end of the petiole, and a 
raised obtuse tubercle, and the absence of distinct, complete parapsidal 
erooves on the mesonotum. 


5. Eurytoma dorcaschemae Ashmead 
Maps 5, 35 


Eurytoma dorcaschemae Ashmead, 1888, p. 2, appendix.—Peck, 1951, p. 576. 
Eurytoma dorchasemi Bridwell, 1899, pp. 203-211. [Emendation.] 


Types: U.S. National Museum no. 11908. Type series consists of 
2 females and 2 males and I have labelled and designated 1 female 
specimen as lectotype. 

Type locality: Riley County, Kans. Marlatt collection, Sept., 
718, 719. 

Distribution: United States: Kansas, North Carolia, New Jersey. 
Canada: Saskatchewan. 


No. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 453 


Hosts: Dorcaschema alternatum (Say) (Ashmead, 1888). Phloeotri- 
bus frontalis (Oliver) (Peck, 1951, in Muesebeck et al., U.S. Dept. 
Agric. Monogr., no. 2). 

Remarks: This species is similar to H. conica Provancher but differs 
from it in the yellow legs without dark brown to black infuscation on 
femora and tibiae. 

The two female specimens from White Fox, Saskatchewan, Canada, 
differ slightly from the type female, but because of the all-yellow legs 
and only two specimens for comparison, it seems best to include them 
with FE. dorcaschemae. 

The scanty host data suggest that the species is parasitic on wood- 
boring beetles belonging to the families Cerambycidae and Scolytidae. 


6. Eurytoma semicircula, new species 
Figures 12, 22; Mar 3 


Female: Black. Averages 4.5 mm. (4.3-4.8) in length. Abdomen 
averages 2.0 mm. (2.0—2.2) in length; oval in lateral view; sculpturing 
on lateral aspect of sixth tergum heavy ventrally but extends only to 
about middle of surface so that dorsal surface is smooth and shiny; 
sixth tergum longer than three and four combined; ninth tergum short 
and stubby, averages .15 mm. (.12~.17) in length. Internal genitalia 
averages 2.0 mm. in length and .50 mm. in height; height equal to 
one-quarter the length; dorsal valves black and wide for horizontal 
length; dorsal and ventral valves turn dorsally, anteriorly, only 
slightly so that stylet arch is in a horizontal plane. Petiole longer 
than wide and about half the length of the hindcoxa; anterior end of 
petiole with a flat, rounded, dorsally projecting scale flanked on each 
side by a bluntly pointed, dorsolaterally, projecting tubercle. Pro- 
podeum with a narrow concavity; median furrow dorsally, with one 
large or two round or slightly oval depressions with shiny surfaces, 
followed below by a single row of round, shiny-surfaced depressions 
that may be smaller toward base; lateral areas finely and evenly 
punctate. Tegula black. Prothorax with two dorsally projecting 
tubercles on anterior border, one on each side of middorsal line. 
Median ocellus separated from two lateral ocelli by a raised, curved 
carina. Compound eyes with a prominent carina along medial 
margin. Short hairs on face may have a golden tinge. Antennae 
filiform; joints longer than wide; first funicle joint about twice the 
length of the pedicle; scape with outer face orange brown. Legs with 
the coxae black; front coxae with a prominent, flared carina on 
anterior face running diagonally from the upper, outer margin to 
medial margin; rest of legs orange brown, except hindfemora which 
may have some black infuscation medially on outer surfaces. Wing 
veins straw yellow to light brown in color; linear; marginal averages 


454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


.29 mm. (.27-.32) and postmarginal averages .25 mm. (.25-.27) in 
length. 

Male: There are no males in the type series. 

Types: 4 females. Holotype female and paratypes in the U.S. 
National Museum collection, Washington, D.C. (USNM 66052). 
Paratype female in the Bugbee collection, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: southwest Hidalgo County, Tex. Collected Jan. 1, 
1947, by G. B. Vogt. 

Host: Reared from larvae of Leptostylus gibbulosus in fruit of Sap- 
indus drummondw in March 1947. 

Distribution: Known only from the type locality in Texas. 

Remarks: The new species is close to the E. conica, FE. profunda, and 
E.. dorcaschemae group of species. It can be separated from them by 
the curved carina between the front and the two lateral ocelli, the 
emarginated eyes, the slightly raised tubercles on the anterior border 
of the prothorax, and the orange-brown color of the legs and scape. 


7. Eurytoma profunda Bugbee, new name 
Map 3 


Decatoma maculipes Ashmead, 1886, p. 126. 
Eurytoma maculipes Ashmead, 1887, p. 195.—Peck, 1951, p. 576. 


This new name with its redescription is presented for Hurytoma 
maculipes (Ashmead) 1887 not Hurytoma maculipes Motschulsky 1863. 

Female: Black. Average length 3.7 mm. (3.0—4.1); abdomen aver- 
ages in length 1.8 mm. (1.4-1.9); long sixth segment averages .73 mm. 
(.62—.80) ; thus the sixth is about 40% of the length of the abdomen; 
fine scaling on sixth segment covers lower % to % of lateral surface; 
heavy ventrally but becomes lighter and recedes toward anterior 
margin dorsally; dorsal valves (9th tergum) short and stubby; averages 
.16 mm. in length (.15-.17); abdominal petiole longer than is typical 
of the genus, averages .12 mm. (.10-.15); prominent dorsally project- 
ing scale or node anteriorly where petiole joins the propodeum; 
periole length equal to about one-quarter the length of the hindcoxae 
which averages .42 mm. in length (.35-.45). Internal genitalia with 
wide, stout dorsal valves with only slight dorsal curvature anteriorly; 
ventral valves bend dorsally, anteriorly, but extend only slightly 
above dorsal valves; stylet arch in a horizontal plane; length of geni- 
talia averages 1.5 mm. (1.6-1.7); height averages .78 mm.; whole 
structure appears weakly developed with slight dorsal development, 
anteriorly. Propodeum wide and deeply concave; entire surface may 
be covered with fine uniform punctations or indication of median 
furrow that is wide at top but narrows abruptly and disappears in 
lower half. 


No. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 455 


Antenna short and stocky; scape yellow; flagellum including 
pedicel averages 1.0 mm. in length; first segment longer than wide; 
two to five becoming progressively shorter until four and five are 
approximately square; segments not moniliform but sharply truncate 
at distal ends; slightly swollen terminal unit composed of three 
closely fused segments; legs with the coxae black; dark brown to 
black on all femora; knees yellow; foretibiae may be yellowish brown 
or show dark-brown infuscation medially; dark brown to black in- 
fuscation on mid- and hindtibiae medially; forecoxae with a pro- 
nounced, semicircular, horizontal, carinated ridge about middle of 
anterior face in contrast to the usual shallow, rounded oblique depres- 
sion characteristic of most species of the genus. Wing veins light 
yellow and thin; marginal vein averages .35 mm. in length (.30-.37) 
and postmarginal .24 mm. (.22-.25). 

Male: Average length 3.3 mm. (3.2-3.4). Scape of antenna 
black; first 4 segments of flagellum, pedicellate distally, dorsally 
raised, and center slightly constricted; fifth segment not pedicellate 
distally but separated from terminal segments by a deep annulation; 
pointed terminal unit composed of two closely fused segments. Legs 
with black to dark brown on all femora and tibiae; knees yellowish 
brown. Marginal and postmarginal veins linear; marginal averages 
.33 mam. (.380-.35) in length and shorter postmarginal .23 mm. (.20- 
wt) 

Types: Holotype female in the U.S. National Museum, no. 25506, 
Washington, D.C. 

Type locality: Holotype locality, Jacksonville, Fla., bred April 1885. 

Hosts: Specimens were bred from Iva ciliata, Ambrosia trifida, 
and Solanum rostratum stems. No insect host species stated. Holo- 
type female from gall of Dryorhizoxenus floridanus Ashmead (Ashmead, 
1886). 

Distribution: Known so far only from central and southern Texas 
and Jacksonville, Fla. 

Remarks: The redescription was based on the holotype female 
and the specimens listed above. The prominent raised almost hori- 
zontal carinated ridge on the forecoxae, the elongate petiole, the 
wide and shallow propodeum with the surface finely punctate, and 
the very long sixth abdominal segment make this species easily 
recognizable. 

The host of this species was not given for any of the specimens 
in the series listed above. However, parasites determined as Hury- 
toma tylodermatis are recorded from weevil larvae (Trichobaris terana) 
in the stems of Solanum rostratum (Pierce 1908a, and Pierce, Cushman, 
and Hood, 1912), (Lizus scrobicollis) in Ambrosia trifida (ibid, and 
Pierce 1908b), and (Trichobaris trinotata) from stems of Solanum 


456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


carolinese (Chittenden, 1911). It is possible that one or more of 
the aforementioned weevils might serve as host for this species. 

Dalla Torre (1898, p. 339) proposed the name Eurytoma maculi- 
tarsis for Eurytoma maculipes of Motschulsky when it should have 
been proposed for Ashmead’s species. Since Dalla Torre did not 
accompany his proposal with a description and Motschulsky’s species 
is still good, Eurytoma maculitarsis of Dalla Torre is a nomen nudum. 

Decatoma (=Eurytoma) maculipes (Ashmead, 1886 and 1887) is 
preoccupied by /. maculipes of Motschulsky 1863. 

I have hesitated to propose a new name for EL. maculipes of Ashmead 
1887, since I have not seen the type material of EL. maculipes of 
Motschulsky 1863. However, since the species described by Mot- 
schulsky came from Ceylon and the species of Ashmead came from 
Florida, the chances of the two being the same are very remote; 
therefore, the new name is proposed for Ashmead’s species. 


8. Eurytoma conica Provancher 


Fiacure 9; Map 3 


Eurytoma conica Provancher, 1887, pp. 192, 193.—Peck, 1951, p. 576.—Bugbee, 
1956, p. 504. 

Isosoma abnorme Ashmead, 1896, p. 219. 

Harmolita abnorme Phillips and Emery, 1919, pp. 436, 468. 

Eurytoma abnorme Hoffmann, 1942, p. 19. 

Eurytoma abnormis Bugbee, 1956, p. 504. 

Eurytoma phloeosint Ashmead, 1894, p. 327.—Bugbee, 1956, p. 504. 

Types: Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada: 1 female 
lectotype (see Bugbee, 1956). 

Type locality: Ottawa, Canada. 

Distribution: Canada: Quebec, Ontario, British Columbia. United 
States: Illinois, California, North Carolina, New York, Connecticut, 
Kansas, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Indiana, Oregon, West Virginia, 
Texas. 

Hosts: Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman in Pinus echinata (speci- 
mens in U.S. National Museum collection). Pissodes strobi (Peck) 
(specimens in Dept. Agric. collection, Ottawa, Canada and U.S. 
National Museum collection). Cylindrocopturus longulus (LeConte) 
(U.S. National Museum collection). Dendroctonus brevicomis 
LeConte (Bugbee collection). 

Remarks: Hurytoma conica can be easily confused with E. dor- 
caschemae. The most consistent difference between the two is the 
presence in the former species of deep brown to black infuscation on 
all femora and tibiae in contrast to the all-yellow legs in the latter. 

The hosts of this species are chiefly members of the family Scoly- 
tidae. For notes on synonymy, see Bugbee (1956). 


NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 457 


9. Eurytoma magdalidis Ashmead 
Mar 4 


Eurytoma magdalidis Ashmead, 1894, p. 326.—Beal and Massey, 1942, pp. 316— 
318.—Hoffmann, 1942, p. 19.—Peck, 1951, p. 577. 

Types: U.S. National Museum no. 11868; type series consists of 
2 females, 1 of which, with the accession number 60586, I have labelled 
and designated lectotype. 

Type locality: Morgantown, W. Va., bred by A. D. Hopkins, Acc. 
no. 6058b. 

Distribution: United States: West Virginia, North Carolina, New 
York, Kansas, California. Canada: Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba. 

Hosts: Magdalis armicollis Say, in elm (Ashmead, 1894). Onev- 
deres cingulatus (Say), on hickory (hickory twig girdler) (Beal and 
Massey, 1942). Anthribus cornutus Say (U.S. National Museum 
collection). Cylindrocopturus longulus (LeConte) on Pinus sp. (U.S. 
National Museum collection). 

Remarks: E. magdalidis Ashmead with its dark legs, rounded, nar- 
row propodeum, long sixth abdominal segment, and generally smaller 
dimensions seems to be distinct from the preceding species. Its hosts 
belong to families of beetles whose larvae bore in plant tissue. 


10. Eurytoma inornata Bugbee 


Eurytoma inornata Bugbee, 1962, pp. 347-348. 


Type: 3 females and 1 male. Holotype female emerged Mar. 27, 
1962, from nest number 92361F, cell 1, K. V. Krombein collection. 
Two paratype females emerged Mar. 22 and 24, 1962, from nest 
number 92361B, cell 1 and nest number 92361F, cell 4. The single 
male emerged Mar. 22, 1962, from nest number 92361F, cell 3, K. V. 
Krombein collection. Holotype in the U.S. National Museum, Wash- 
ington, D.C. Paratypes in the Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, 
Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Plummers Island, Md. 

Host: Believed to be Euplilis rufigaster (Packard), nesting in hibiscus 
stems. 

Distribution: Maryland. 

Additional specimens: Plummers Island, Md., collected July 22, 
1962, by K. V. Krombein, 1 female; collected near Plummers Island, 
Md., Sept. 9, 1962, by K. V. Krombein and bred from cacoon of 
Euplilis sp., 1 female; Plummers Island, Md., collected Sept. 10, 1962, 
by K. V. Krombein and bred from cacoon of Tryporylon species, 1 
female. 

Remarks: See Bugbee 1962. 


458 PRCCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


ll. Eurytoma minnesotae Girault 


Mar 4 


Eurytoma minnesota Girault, 1916, p. 338. 
Eurytoma minnesotae Peck, 1951, p. 577. 

Types: U.S. National Museum, no. 20322, 5 females and 2 males. 

Type locality: Olmsted, Minn., reared from Quack grass, 1906, 
Ainslie collection. 

Distribution: United States: Minnesota. 

Host: Agropyron (Quackgrass sp.) (Girault, 1916). 

Remarks: Additional specimens of E’. minnesotae were not found in 
any of the collections examined. It seems to be a valid species, how- 
ever, as the elongate petiole will separate it from any of the other 
species bred from Quackerass, such as EL. pachyneuron Girault. The 
small size, absence of a flared carina on the anterior surface of the 
front coxae, and the rounded narrow propodeum with a narrow and 
deep, complete, median furrow, will also help to distinguish E. min- 
nesotae. 

12. Eurytoma illinoisensis Girault 


Map 5 
Eurytoma illinoisensis Girault, 1920, p. 206.—Peck, 1951, p. 576. 


Types: U.S. National Museum, no. 20629, 2 females. 

Type locality: Urbana, Ill. Reared in connection with Isosoma= 
(Harmolita). 

Distribution: United States: Illinois, South Dakota, New Mexico, 
Wisconsin, and Iowa. Canada: Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia. 

Host: Reared in connection with Zsosoma (Girault, 1920). Elymus 
species (Girault, 1920). Stipa columbiana, Vicia villosa, V. angusti- 
folia, and V. americana (Bugbee collection). 

Remarks: The material included under F. alinoisensis Girault is 
a mixture of what may be more than one species. Unfortunately, 
good representative series from more than one locality were not 
encountered in this study. One or two specimens, often without 
host data, from a few scattered localities, are not enough to give an 
adequate picture of the variation of a species. 

The rectangular-shaped abdomen with the narrow sixth abdominal 
tergum that is about equal in length to the fifth, the rounded pro- 
podeum with a deep and narrow concavity, and the obviously clavate, 
elongate antennae are characteristics of this species. 


13. Eurytoma sphaera, new species 


Figure 17; Map 6 


Female: Black. Average length 2.9 mm. (2.6-3.2). Abdomen 
plump, globular, or approximately round in outline from a lateral 





No. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 459 


view; averages 1.3 mm. (1.2-1.5) in length; sculpturing heavy on 
lateral surface of sixth, but disappears dorsally; segment six from a 
dorsal view as long or longer than segments five and six combined; 
ninth tergum short and stubby, averaging .09 mm. (.07—.12) in length 
with a small oval cercus on each side. Internal genitalia with broad 
dorsal valves for horizontal length and very little dorsal extension 
anteriorly; arch of the stylets in a horizontal to an oblique plane; 
length of genitalia averages 1.3 mm. (1.1-1.5) and height averages 
88 mm. (.72-1.1); length thus about 1.7 times the height. Petiole 
elongate; less than half the length of hindcoxa; a prominent pointed 
scale on dorsal anterior surface, a small lateral projecting tubercle 
on each side. Tegula yellow to dark brown. Propodeum with a 
shallow coneavity with a distinct median furrow demarked by lateral 
carinae complete to base and a central carina for three-quarters of 
length; furrow narrows toward base; lateral areas finely punctate 
ventrally and irregularly ridged dorsally. Antenna filiform; scape 
yellowish brown; flagellum six segmented; joints longer than wide 
but becoming progressively less so from base to tip; last segment 
consisting of three closely fused units. Fine striae on face converging 
on clypeus from below eyes and base of antennae. Legs may be all 
yellowish brown or black smudge on middle of outer face of front 
femora and tibiae; black infuscation encircling mid- and hindfemora 
and tibiae; front coxae may be yellow or all black. Wing veins 
yellowish brown to brown; marginal stout and broad but not heavily 
chitinized; postmarginal short, stout, and truncate at outer end; 
marginal averages .30 mm. (.25-.35) and postmarginal averages .20 
mm. (.17—.25); marginal vein always longer than postmarginal by 
about .10 mm.; stigmal vein short; club large and almost square. 

Males: Black. Average length, 2.9 mm. (2.2-3.3). Scape of 
antenna yellowish brown or upper one-third black and rest yellowish 
brown. Legs all yellowish brown or hindfemora and sometimes hind- 
tibiae may have a brown to black smudge medially on outer surface; 
front coxae as in the female; midcoxae may be all yellow. Wing veins 
yellowish brown to dark brown. Marginal averages .29 mm. (.27-.35) 
and postmarginal averages .19 mm. (.15-.22). 

Types: 56 females and 63 males. Holotype female, allotype male, 
and paratypes in the U.S. National Museum collection (USNM 66053). 

Type locality: Wyatt, La., Oct. 31, 1934, Kinsey collection. 
Emerged from June 14 to 30, 1935. 

Host: Disholcaspis spongiosa (Karsch) and D. quercus-globulus 
(Fitch) on Quercus stellata, Kinsey collected and determined. 

Distribution: Southern Ohio and Illinois, south to the Gulf of 
Mexico: east to the Atlantic coast and west to eastern Texas and 
Missouri. This species seems to follow the coastal plain, extending 


460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


northward through the Mississippi River Valley and then spreading 
eastward and westward by way of its main tributaries, such as the 
Tennessee, Ohio, and Missouri. This suggests that the species may 
be found also even farther north, wherever its hosts occur. 

Remarks: EF. sphaera and EF. obtusiloba Ashmead are closely related 
but £. sphaera has a longer petiole, averaging about half the length 
of the hindcoxae, in contrast to /. obtusiloba where the petiole averages 
nearer one-fourth the length of the hindcoxae. In addition, the 
marginal vein is broader, and also longer in relation to the post- 
marginal; the stigmal club is larger than in EF. obtusiloba. E. sphaera 
also has a wider and not as deep a median furrow on the propodeum. 
E. sphaera has been bred from cynipid galls belonging to the genus 
Msholeaspis on oak only, while EF. obtusiloba is restricted to the genus 
Diplolepis on rose. 


14. Eurytoma obtusilobae Ashmead 
Map 6 


Eurytoma obtusilobae Ashmead, 1885, p. 13; 1888b, pp. 1-8 [lapsus calami].— 
Bugbee, 1951, pp. 251-253 [redescription].—Peck, 1951, p. 577.—Burks, 
1958, p. 81. 

Types: U.S. National Museum, no. 25504; type series consists of 
3 females and 1 male of which I have labelled 1 female specimen as | 
lectotype. | 

Type locality: Jacksonville, Fla. 

Distribution: United States: Probably all of North America 
(Bugbee, 1951). 

Hosts: Undetermined cynipid gall on Quercus obtusiloba (Ashmead, 
1885). Diplolepis radicum (Osten Sacken) on Rosa palustris and R. 
carolina (Bugbee, 1951). 

Remarks: This species is closely related to E. sphaera. For 
distinguishing characteristics, see remarks under the latter species. 


Group B. Brevipetiolata 
Complex I. Bicolor 


15. Eurytoma semivenae Bugbee 
Map 7 
Eurytoma semivenae Bugbee, 1957, pp. 47-48.—Moser, 1965, pp. 1-95. 


Types: 5 females and 8 males; holotype female, allotype male and 
3 paratypes in the U.S. National Museum (USNM 66035) ; paratypes 
in University of Texas and Cornell University. 

Type locality: Palo Duro Canyon, Tex. 

Distribution: United States: Texas, Kansas, Ohio, New York, 
Arkansas. 


No. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 461 


Host: Pachypsylla vesicula (Riley) on Celtis reticulata, C. occidentalis 
and C. mississippiensis and P. mamma (Riley) on C. occidentalis. 

Remarks: Additional characteristics that will help to separate this 
species from the succeeding one are the presence of only two tubercles 
on the proximal end of the fulcral plate; the shorter ninth tergum 
that averages .14 mm. (.10-.17) in length, and the yellow color of the 
horizontal length of the dorsal valves. 


16. Eurytoma flavovultus Bugbee 
Map 8 
Eurytoma flavovultus Bugbee, 1957, pp. 45-47. 


Types: 64 females and 25 males; holotype female, allotype male in 
the U.S. National Museum (USNM 66038); paratypes in the U.S. 
National Museum, University of Texas, and Cornell University. 

Type locality: Austin, Tex. 

Distribution: United States: Texas. 

Host: Pachypsylla venusta Osten Sacken on Celtis reticulata. 

Remarks: In addition to the characteristics listed in the key, the 
longer ninth tergum averaging .22 mm. (.20-.25), the black horizontal 
length of the dorsal valves, and the presence of three tubercles on 
the proximal end of the fulcral plate, will help to distinguish this 
species. 

17. Eurytoma bicolor Walsh 
Map 7 


Eurytoma bicolor Walsh, 1870, p. 298.—Ashmead, 1881b, p. 30.—Viereck, 1916, 
p. 521.—Cole, 1931, p. 35.—Peck, 1951, p. 575. 

Types: 1 male and 2 females. Types lost. Neotypes: 29 females 
and 6 males in the U.S. National Museum. 

Type locality: Probably from the vicinity of Rock Island, IIL. 
where Walsh did much of his collecting. Neotypes: Bloomington, 
Ind. 

Distribution: United States: Connecticut, Washington, D.C., Iowa, 
Virginia, Indiana, Ohio, [linois. Canada: Ontario. 

Host: Galls on black oak (Walsh, 1870). Typha latifolia (cat- 
tails) EF. bicolor larva found in dried galls on stem (Cole, 1931). 
Sphex=(Isodontia) harrisi (Fernald) (Peck, 1951). Scolytus rugulosus 
(Ratzeburg) (Peck, 1951). Aulacidea tumida (Bassett). Aulacidea 
podagrae (Bassett). Hurosta solidaginis Fitch. 

Remarks: Some of the hosts listed for E. bicolor seem very doubtful, 
especially Sphex harrisi (Fernald) and Scolytus rugulosus (Ratzeburg). 
The hosts most commonly stated belong to the genus Aulacidea that 
produce galls on several species of Lactuca. £. bicolor is quite variable, 


462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


but the presence of yellow to yellow brown on the lower half of the 
frons, around the compound eyes, and the anterior lateral edges of the 
pronotum is quite consistent. 


18. Eurytoma lutea, new species 
Map 8 


Female: Mostly brown to orange yellow. Average length 3.3 mm. 
(3.0-3.9). Abdomen oval from a lateral view; medium amount of 
lateral compression; deep brown in color except for yellow venter 
anteriorly; sculpturing on lateral aspect of sixth tergum limited to 
lower half; ninth tergum in line with horizontal axis of abdomen and 
averages .21 mm. (.20-.25) in length. Internal genitalia average 1.6 
mm. in length and 1.0 mm. in height, thus the height is more than 
half the length; dorsal valves black and narrow for horizontal length; 
turn dorsally, anteriorly, with ventral valves at right angles; stylet 
arch in an oblique plane. Propodeum with a complete median fur- 
row that occupies most of the wide, shallow concavity; lateral carinae 
complete to base and central carina in upper half only; lateral areas 
narrow with fine irregular ridges covering surface. Tegula yellow. 
Two small spots on dorsum and lateral surfaces of pronotum yellow; 
rest of thorax brown above and yellow laterally. Head yellow except 
brown vertex. Antenna with yellow scape and flagellum; clavate; 
all funicle joints longer than wide; terminal three joints fused together 
to form a slightly enlarged club. Legs including coxae orange 
yellow, except brownish infuscation medially on hindfemora and tibiae, 
and occasionally on midtibiae. Wing veins linear and pale yellow; 
marginal vein averages .29 mm. (.25-.35) and postmarginal averages 
.21 mm. (.20—.22) in length. 

Male: Averages 2.9 mm. (2.7-3.1) in length. Mostly yellow except 
for black area on vertex around ocelli; black to dark-brown dorsum of 
thorax. Abdomen and petiole dark brown. Wing veins yellow. 
Antenna with yellow scape and brown flagellum; funicle consists of 
five longer than wide pedicellate segments; the sixth segment not 
pedicellate distally but separated from terminal unit by a distinct 
annulation. 

Types: 12 females and 7 males. Holotype female, allotype male, 
and paratypes in U.S. National Museum collection, Washington, 
D.C. (USNM 66054). Paratypes in the Bugbee collection, Meadville, 
Pa. 

Type locality: Monroe, Mich. L. C. Jones collector. 

Distribution: United States: Michigan. 

Host: From Elecampane (Jnula helenium Linneaus). 

Remarks: No clear host relationship was discernible from the data 
on the labels, other than that the species was bred from Elecampane. 








No. 3533  CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 463 


It might be phytophagous or parasitic on some gallmaker or borer. 

The new species seems most closely related to E. juniperinus 
Marcovitch. The two can be separated, however, by the characteris- 
tics contained in the key. 


19. Eurytoma juniperinus Marcovitch 


Map 8 
Eurytoma juniperinus Marcovitch, 1915, p. 166.—Gahan, 1922, p. 41.—Peck, 
1951, p. 576. 

Types: Paratypes or cotypes in alcohol at Cornell University. 

Type locality: Ithaca, N.Y. 

Distribution: United States: New York. Canada: Ontario. 

Host: Phytophagous in the fleshy part of fruits of Juniperus 
virginiana (Marcovitch, 1915). 

Remarks: The broad marginal vein in relation to the linear post- 
marginal and the weakly clavate antennae are additional character- 
istics to look for in this species. 


Complex II. Pachyneuron 
20. Eurytoma bromi (Howard) 


Map 9 


Isosoma bromi Howard, 1896, p. 11. 
Harmolita bromi Gahan, 1922, p. 43.—Peck, 1951, p. 569. 
Eurytoma bromi Bugbee, 1956, p. 505.—Burks, 1958, p. 80. 

Types: U.S. National Museum, no. 2745, 2 females and 1 male. 

Type locality: Los Angeles, Calif. 

Distribution: United States: California, New York, Ohio. 

Host: Bromus ciliatus Linneaus (Howard, 1896). Muhlenbergia 
sylvatica. 

Remarks: The weakly clavate antennae with a narrow and elongate 
first segment of the flagellum and the presence of the reddish-brown 
hindcoxae and sometimes midcoxae are additional characteristics of 
this species. 


21. Eurytoma pachyneuron Girault 
Ficgure 6; Mar 10 


Eurytoma pachyneuron Girault, 1916, p. 337.—Jones, 1932, p. 412.—Bugbee, 
1956, pp. 503-504. 

Eurytoma pater Girault, 1920, p. 207.—Phillips, 1917, p. 145.—Gahan, 1922, 
p. 37.—Brandhorst, 1943, p. 174. 

Eurytoma phoebus Girault, 1920, p. 204.—Gahan, 1933, pp. 33-36.—Hill and 
Pinckney, 1940, pp. 1-13.—Peck, 1951, p. 577.—Bugbee, 1956, pp. 503-504. 


Types: U.S. National Museum, no. 20321, 1 female. 


464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Type locality: Glendale, Calif., collected in 1914 by T. D. Urbahns, 
Webster no. 11214. 

Distribution: United States: Northern United States from coast 
to coast. Canada: Alberta, Quebec. 

Host: Agropyron repens (Linneaus) (Cornell University collection. 
Host not stated). Phytophaga destructor (Say), (Gahan, 1933). 
Harmolita tritici (Fitch) (Gahan, 1933). Elymus canadensis Linneaus 
(Gahan, 1933, host not stated). Harmolita atlantica Phillips and 
Emory (specimens in U.S. National Museum collection). Elymus 
triticoides, E. condensatus (specimens in U.S. National Museum 
collection). Harmolita elymophage Phillips and Emory (Peck, 1951 
in Muesebeck et al, U.S. Dept. Agric. Monogr., no. 2). Scolytus 
rugulosus Ratzeburg (Peck, 1951 in Muesebeck et al, U.S. Dept. 
Agric. Monogr., no. 2). Galls on Sttilias grandiflora (Brandhorst, 
1943). 

Remarks: See Bugbee (1956) for notes on synonymy of this species. 
The most likely hosts of L. pachyneuron appear to be species of 
Harmolita on Elymus species. The record from Scolytus rugulosus 
(Ratzeburg) seems doubtful. The reference to Phytophaga destructor 
(Say), although doubtful, might be possible, since Phillips (1917) 
showed that EF. pater= (EF. pachyneuron) may be parasitic on Harmolita 
larvae in the early stages of its larval development but can finish its 
late larval growth as a plant feeder. In its earlier stages, it might 
destroy Hessian fly larvae as well as Harmolita. 

In the collections of the U.S. National Museum, Department of 
Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada and Cornell University are numerous 
long series of #. pachyneuron. In the majority of cases, the host plant 
is cited as a species of Elymus, but the insect host was determined in 
one or two cases only. In the Cornell University collection is a long 
series from Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) but without any insect host 
designation. Harmolita species do occur in this grass and therefore 
could serve as hosts. 

This is a variable species as pointed out in the article by Bugbee 
(loc. cit.). Leg color which was used to separate EL. pachyneuron, 
E. pater, and FE. phoebus proved unreliable, and since the three species 
were alike in all other characteristics, the latter two were placed in 
synonymy with EL. pachyneuron. 

The wide postmarginal vein in relation to the linear marginal vein, 
the clavate antennae, the weakly developed female genitalia with the 
wide dorsal valves and stylet arch in a horizontal plane, added to the 
characteristics mentioned in the key, will help to distinguish this 
species. 


No. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 465 


22. Eurytoma eragrostidis (Howard) 
Map 8 


Eurytomocharis eragrostidis Howard, 1896, p. 21.—Girault, 1916, pp. 337-341.— 
Gahan, 1922, pp. 42, 51. 
Eurytoma eragrostidis Peck, 1951, p. 576. 


Types: Female holotype no. 2754, U.S. National Museum, Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Type locality: Lafayette, Ind. 

Distribution: United States: Indiana, Illinois. 

Host: Reared from Eragrostis poaeoides by F. M. Webster in 
September 1885 and March 1886 (Howard, 1896). Agrostis alba 
(Peck, 1951). 

Remarks: This species was shifted to Hurytoma from Hurytomocharis 
by Peck (1951). It shows some affinities with E. pachyneuron and 
EF. neomexicana in possessing a deep, narrow, complete median furrow 
on the propodeum, and in the lack of lateral compression of the 
triangular-shaped abdomen as viewed in cross section. Distinguishing 
features include: reduced umbilicate punctures on the thorax; rounded 
propodeum without lateral areas; very scanty, if any, sculpturing on 
the ventrolateral surface of the sixth tergum and the all-yellow legs 


and coxae. 
23. Eurytoma neomexicena Girault 


Mar 9 


Eurytoma neomexicana Girault, 1920, p. 205.—Brandhorst, 1943, pp. 169-170.— 
Peck, 1951, p. 577. 


Types: 3 females and 1 male, no. 20627, U.S. National Museum, 
Washington, D.C. 

Type locality: Koebele, N. Mex. 

Distribution: United States: New Mexico, Kansas, Nevada, Colo- 
rado. Canada: Saskatchewan, Quebec. 

Host: Reared in connection with Jsosoma (Girault, 1920). Sider- 
anthus spinulosus (Brandhorst, 1943). 

Remarks: Brandhorst (1943) remarks that “Most every seed of the 
plant (S. spinulosus) has been destroyed by this phytophagous 
eurytomid.”’ 

The reduction in the prominence of the umbilicate punctures on 
the head and thorax, the deep reddish-brown color, the noticeably 
clavate antenna, the broad dorsal valves of the female genitalia, and 
the short first segment of the flagellum that is approximately equal 
to the pedicle from a dorsal view may be added to the characteristics 
mentioned in the key. 


219-931—67——_3 


466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


Complex III. Gigantea 


24. Eurytomea californica Ashmead 


Map 11 
Eurytoma californica Ashmead, 1887, p. 195.—Peck, 1951, p. 575. 


Types: U.S. National Museum, no. 25509; type series consists of 
4 females and 2 males of which I have labelled and designated 1 
female as lectotype. 

Type locality: Los Angeles, Calif. 

Distribution: United States: California, Washington. 

Host: Callirhytis pomiformis (Ashmead) (Ashmead, 1887). Andri- 
cus californicus Ashmead on Quercus lobata (specimens in U.S. Na- 
tional Museum collection). Disholcaspis corallina (Bassett) on Q. 
douglasii (specimens in U.S. National Museum collection). D. 
washingtonensis (Gillette) on Q. douglasii (specimens in U.S. Na- 
tional Museum collection). D. plumbella Kinsey, Bugbee collection, 
Meadville, Pa. 

Remarks: Hurytoma californica Ashmead is closest to E. auriceps 
and seems to be the west coast equivalent of the latter species. There 
is a question as to whether it should be considered as a species distinct 
from EF. auriceps. If additional material was available from Oregon 
and Washington as well as east of the Sierras, /. auriceps and E. 
californica might grade into each other. The material from Seattle, 
Washington runs smaller and some of the specimens lack the black 
splotches on the femora and the tibiae of the legs which are more typical 
of EL. auriceps. 

The presence of black infuscation on the legs of most specimens, 
shallow propodeum occupied by the wide median furrow, the heavier, 
stouter marginal vein, and the heavier, more extensive sculpturing on 
the sixth abdominal segment can be used to distinguish EF. californica 
from EF. auriceps. 


25. Eurytoma gigantea Walsh 
FicurRE 7; Map 11 


Eurytoma gigantea Walsh, 1870, p. 300.—Ashmead, 1881b, p. 30; 1887, p. 194.— 
Fyles, 1894, pp. 120-122.—Hughes, 1934, pp. 119-122.—Gahan, 1934, 
pp. 116-117 (wrongly credits name to Ashmead).—Uhler, 1951, pp. 41, 42.— 
Peck, 1951, p. 576.—Judd, 1953, pp. 295-296.—Miller, 1959b, pp. 246-251. 


Types: 2 females captured at large (Walsh, 1870). The two original 
specimens have been lost. Neotypes: Neotype female emerged June 
10, 1934 from a gall of Hurosta solidaginis, collected on Nov. 28, 
1933 on Solidago, Bugbee collected and determined. Paratype series 





NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 467 


of 50 females and males collected in 1933 and 1934 from the same host. 
Neotype female and paratypes in the U.S. National Museum; para- 
types in the Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 
Neotype locality: Bloomington, Ind. 
Distribution: United States: Indiana, Florida, New York, Min- 


-nesota, Tennessee, Kansas, North Dakota, Arkansas, Mississippi, 


Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Montana. Canada: Ontario, Quebec, New 
Brunswick. 

Host: Eurosta solidaginis Fitch in Goldenrod. 

Remarks: Eurytoma gigantea is one of the largest species of the 
genus found in the United States and is always well represented in 
most chalecid collections. Its host relationships, an external parasite 
of the trypetid fly, Eurosta solidaginis, have been well documented. 


26. Eurytoma gquerci-globuli (Fitch) 
Map 12 


Macroglenes querci-globuli Fitch, 1958, p. 812. 
Eurytoma querci-globuli Ashmead, 1900, p. 554.—Judd, 1957, pp. 193-195.— 
Peck, 1951, p. 578.—Bugbee, 1958a, pp. 193-198. 
Eurytoma punctiventris Walsh, 1870, p. 299. 
Type: U.S. National Museum, no. 1829, holotype female. 
Distribution: United States: Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, 
Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsy]l- 
vania, New Hampshire, Kansas, Missouri, Kentucky, Arkansas, 
Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia, North Dakota. Canada: 
Ontario. 


Host: Disholcaspis quercus-globulus (Fitch). Disholeaspis mamma 
(Walsh). Disholcaspis colorado (Gillette). Disholcaspis cinerosa 
(Bassett). 

Subspecies: Descriptions, Bugbee, 1958. Hurytoma querci-globuli 
rubra Bugbee. Mississippi, Florida. Host: Disholcaspis virens (Ash- 
mead) on Quercus virginiana. (Holotype female and male and female 
paratypes in U.S. National Museum.) FE. querci-globuli utahensis 
Bugbee. Utah. Host: D. colorado (Gillette) on Q. utahensis (holo- 
type female and female paratypes in U.S. National Museum). 


Remarks: See Bugbee (1958) for taxonomic, and distributional 
notes. The color of the abdomen in this species may vary from all 
black to entirely reddish brown or show varying combinations in 
between. The yellow scape and legs with occasionally black infus- 
cation on the hindfemora only, will distinguish this species from 
Eurytoma gigantea. 


468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


27. Eurytoma solenozopheriae Ashmead 
Map 13 


Eurytoma solenozopheriae Ashmead, 1887, p. 196.—Driggers, 1927, pp. 253-259.— 
McAlister and Anderson, 1932, pp. 1164-1169.—Peck, 1951, p. 578. 

Neotypes: 18 females and 15 males, collected May 1, 1949, by 
O. Peck from gall of Hemadas nubilipennis. Neotype female and 
neoparatypes in the collection of the Department of Agriculture, 
Ottawa, Canada. Neoparatypes in the Bugbee collection, Allegheny 
College, Meadville, Pa. Ashmead (1887) states that the species was 
described from specimens from Toronto, Canada, sent to him by 
William Brodie. The types seem to have been lost. 

Neotype locality: Marmora, Ontario, Canada. 

Distribution: United States: Maine, Connecticut, Washington, 
D.C., New Jersey, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania. Can- 
ada: Ontario, Quebec. 

Host: Hemades nubilipennis (Ashmead), gallmaker on blueberry, 
Vaccinium corymbosum, and V. pennsylvanicum (Driggers, 1927). 

Remarks: Ashmead (1887) implies in his remarks following the 
description of F. solenozopheriae that the host gallmaker on blueberry 
was the cynipid Solenozopheria (=Loxaulus) vaccini (Ashmead). 
Driggers (1927) demonstrated that the true gallmaker was a chalcid, 
Hemadas nubilipennis (Ashmead), and that he was unable to breed a 
single female specimen of S. vaccinii from the galls. It was discovered 
later that the single female specimen that Ashmead had was bred 
from a gall on oak rather than Vaccinium. 

The yellow scape, tegula, and legs including the fore- and midcoxae 
and the deeper reddish-brown hindcoxa; the reddish-brown abdomen; 
the very narrow dorsal valves of the female genitalia that bend 
sharply dorsally, anteriorly, then posteriorly with the ventral valves, 
forming an arc of 180°, and the vertical plane of the stylet arch, are 
additional characteristics of this species. 


28. Eurytoma furva Bugbee 
Map 13 
Eurytoma furva Bugbee, 1958a, p. 198. 


Types: 11 females and 9 males; holotype female in the U.S. National 
Museum (USNM 66031); paratypes in the Bugbee collection, Alle- 
gheny College, Meadville, Pa., and in the U.S. National Museum. 

Type locality: Napa, Calif. 

Distribution: Known only from the type locality. 

Host: Disholcaspis washingtonensis (Gillette) on Quercus douglasir. 

Remarks: This species differs from Hurytoma querci-globuli in the 
longer sixth abdominal tergum, the reduction of the sculpturing to 





NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 469 


the lower half or two-thirds of the lateral surface of the sixth tergum, 
and in the deeper reddish-brown color of the abdomen and tegulae. 


29. Eurytoma pissodis Girault 
Fiaures 1-5; Map 14 


Eurytoma pissodis Girault, 1917b, p. 88.—Graham, 1918, pp. 175-180; 1926, 
pp. 26, 29.—Taylor, 1929, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 167—246; vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-86.— 
Plummer and Pillsbury, 1929, p. 29.—MacAloney, 1930, pp. 1-87.—Peck, 
1951, p. 577. 

Types: 1 holotype female, no. 20969, 2 paratype females, and 1 
male paratype, in the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 

Type locality: Minnesota. 

Distribution: United States: Minnesota, Wisconsin, New Hamp- 
shire, Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut, California, Washington. 
Canada: Ontario. 

Host: Pissodes strobi (Peck) (white pine weevil). 

Remarks: Additional characteristics that will help to distinguish 
this species include the heavy sculpturing on the sixth tergum of the 
abdomen that covers the dorsal as well as the lateral surface, the yellow 
legs including the fore- and midcoxae, and the elongate ninth tergum. 


30. Eurytoma cleri Ashmead 


Map 15 


Eurytoma cleri Ashmead, 1894, p. 323.—Hopkins, 1899, pp. 345, 427, 429.— 
Taylor, 1929, p. 37.—Peck, 1951, p. 576. 

Types: 1 female, no. 11206, in the U.S. National Museum, Wash- 
ington, D.C. is the only type material of this species known, so | 
have designated it as the type. 

Type locality: Morgantown, W. Va. 

Distribution: United States: Virginia, North Carolina, New York, 
New Mexico, California, Montana. 

Host: Clerid larvae in scrub pine (Ashmead, 1894). Pissodes 
strobt (Peck) (Hopkins, 1899 and Taylor, 1929). Ips oregoni (Eich- 
hoff), Dendroctonus monticolae Hopkins. 

Remarks: The greatly elongated ninth tergum averaging .42 mm. 
(.30-.54) and the narrow dorsal valves of the female genitalia in con- 
junction with the characteristics noted in the key make this species 
quite distinct. 


31. Eurytoma flavicrus, new species 
Figures 19, 29; Map 15 


Female: Head and thorax black; abdomen black changing to reddish 
brown ventrally; antenna, tegula, legs including coxae yellow; occa- 


470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


sionally slight brownish infuscation on hindfemora and some black on 
forecoxae. Average 2.9 mm. (2.4-3.2) in length. Abdomen longer 
than head and thorax combined; averaging 1.9 mm. (1.4-2.1) in 
length; laterally compressed so that greatest width in cross section is in 
uper third; sixth segment as long as three, four, and five combined; 
its lateral surface heavily sculptured for lower three-quarters but 
dorsal surface smooth and shiny; ninth tergum long and pointed; 
averaging .35 mm. (.25-.40) in length; cercus about middle of length. 
Internal genitalia averages 2.1 mm. (2.0-2.2) in length and 1.2 mm. 
(1.1-1.3) in height; ventral and dorsal valves turn dorsally, anteriorly 
at approximately a right angle; broadened dorsal extension of ventral 
valves measures .25 mm. at widest part; dorsal valves narrow for 
horizontal length and yellow in color except for exposed black tip; 
stylet arch in an oblique plane; length of genitalia averages slightly 
longer than abdomen because of elongate ninth tergum. Propodeum 
with a wide concavity marked laterally by lateral carinae that may be 
complete to base or fade out in lower third; center of concavity finely 
punctate and with two or three short, incomplete carinae extending 
toward center from lateral carinae; lateral areas narrow and present 
in upper half only. Lateral ocelli large and approximately equal in 
diameter to length of ocellocular line. Antenna with seven segmented 
flagellum, first five segments longer than wide, truncate, moniliform; 
sixth separated from terminal unit of two closely fused segments by a 
distinct annulation. Wing veins light yellow, linear; postmarginal 
vein short, averaging .12 mm. (.10-.15); marginal vein averaging .35 
mm. (.25-.40) or approximately three times the length of the post- 
marginal. 

Male: Length 2.3 mm. Color much as in the female; may be black 
infuscation on hindfemora and hindcoxae; rest of legs yellow. Antenna 
with four longer than wide, pedicellate segments; fifth segment without 
pedicle but separated from six by an annulation; seven and eight 
closely fused; two whorls of long hairs on two, three, and four. Mar- 
ginal and postmarginal veins with same relationships as in the female. 

Types: 9 females and 7 males. Holotype female and paratypes in 
the collection of the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. 
Paratypes in the Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, 
Pa. Paratype series dated as follows: 1 female, May 10; 4 females, 
May 14; 1 female, May 15; 1 female, May 18; 1 female, May 25; 
2 males, May 5; 2 males, May 8; 3 males, May 9, 1951. 

Type locality: Clemson, 8.C., May 14, 1951, W. Mason. 

Distribution: Known only from the type locality. 

Host: From gall on Nyssa sylvatica. Host gallmaker not stated. 

Remarks: This species seems most closely related to Hurytoma 
contractura, new species, /. discordans, and EF. acuta. They all have 











No. 3533  CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 471 


an elongated abdomen with considerable lateral compression and an 
elongated ninth tergum. The dorsal valves of the genitalia are narrow 
for their horizontal length. The yellow legs, tegula, antenna, the 
very short postmarginal vein in relation to the long marginal, and the 
four pedicellate segments of the male antenna instead of five, will 
distinguish this new species from those mentioned above. 


32. Eurytoma contractura, new species 
Fiaures 13, 31; Map 15 


Female: Black except for tarsi and extremities of femora and tibiae. 
Average 3.0 mm. (2.4-3.4) in length. Abdomen averages 1.7 mm. 
(1.6-1.8) in length; longer than head and thorax combined and 
laterally compressed; sixth segment longer than two and three com- 
bined, or about a third length of abdomen; densely sculptured on 
lower half; sparse, silvery pile on segments seven and eight. Ninth 
tergum long and pointed, averaging .22 mm. (.20-.25) in length. 
Internal genitalia averages 1.7 mm. (1.6-1.8) in length and 1.1 mm. 
(1.0-1.2) in height; dorsal and ventral valves turn dorsally, anteriorly 
at a right angle; stylet arch in an oblique plane; dorsal valves entirely 
black and narrow for horizontal length but expand, after turning 
dorsally, into a broader plate; ventral valves expand dorsally into a 
broad plate averaging .20 mm. at widest part. Propodeum with a 
wide concavity that is practically all median furrow; lateral areas 
absent; surface with irregular, horizontal ridges; lateral carinae in 
upper half to two-thirds. Tegula black. Umbilicate punctures on 
pro- and mesothorax very shallow and widely spaced with shagreened 
surfaces between; punctations fade into a shagreened area on anterior 
third of mesothorax. Antenna with the scape black; flagellum with 
five longer than wide truncate segments; first segment about twice as 
long as wide; sixth separated from seventh by a deep annulation and 
slightly swollen so that antenna appears weakly clavate. Legs with 
coxae black and black to dark-brown infuscation on all femora and 
tibiae. Wing veins yellow and linear; marginal vein averages .25 
mm. or about 1.3 times the length of the postmarginal that averages 
.19 mm. (.17-.20). 

Male: Color as in the female. Averages 1.8 mm. (1.4-2.1) in 
length. Antenna with five longer than wide pedicellate segments; 
last two closely fused. Wing vein relationships as in the female 
except both veins shorter; marginal averages .21 mm. and postmar- 
ginal .16 mm. in length. 

Types: 6 females and 6 males. Holotype female and allotype in 
the collection of the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. 
Paratypes in the Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 


472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Paratype specimens dated: 5 females, May 4, 1949; 6 males, May 30, 
1949. 

Type locality: Marmora, Ontario, Canada, May 4, 1949, O. Peck. 

Distribution: Known only from the type locality. 

Host: Melanagromyza schineert (Giraud). 

Remarks: Hurytoma contractura is close to E. flavicrus, the preceding 
new species, in the similarly shaped, elongated abdomen, configuration 
of the female genitalia, and the elongated ninth tergum. The former 
differs, however, in the black tegula and legs, the shorter postmarginal 
vein in relation to the marginal, and in the male antenna that has five 
pedicellate segments instead of only four. 


33. Eurytoma discordans Bugbee 
Map 16 


Eurytoma discordans Bugbee, 1951, pp. 220-223.—Burks, 1958, p. 81. 

Types: 9 females and 12 males. Holotype female, allotype and 
paratypes in the U.S. National Museum (USNM 61219); paratypes 
in the Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Howe, Ind., galls, collected on Dec. 20, 1930. 

Distribution: United States: Indiana, Massachusetts, Virginia, 
Michigan, Wisconsin, Maine. Canada: Ontario, Quebec, Alberta. 

Host: Diplolepis globuloides (Beutenmuller)=(D. variabilis (Bas- 
sett)) on Rosa species, Periclistus pirata (Osten-Sacken) and Syno- 
phromorpha= (Periclistus) sylvestris (Osten-Sacken). 

Remarks: The host of this species is believed to be an inquiline, 
Periclistus sylvestris (Osten-Sacken), that modifies the host gall, D. 
globuloides (Beutenmuller), described by Beutenmuller in 1892 from 
the gall only. The true gallmaker has been determined as Diplolepis 
variabilis (Bassett), and so D. globuloides (Beutenmuller) is placed as 
a synonym of D. variabilis (Bassett) in Hymenoptera of America 
North of Mexico (1951). Hurytoma discordans differs from E. acuta 
in the color of the scape (all yellow or upper extremity black only), 
the pale yellow color of the wing veins, narrow stigmal club and 
marginal vein, and the presence of a wide median furrow on the 
propodeum that maintains same width from top to bottom. 


34. Eurytoma acuta Bugbee 
Map 16 


Eurytoma acuta Bugbee, 1951, pp. 225-228.—Burks, 1958, p. 80. 

Types: 27 females and 11 males: Holotype female, allotype and 
paratypes in the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. Para- 
types in the Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Price, Utah. 


NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 473 


Distribution: United States: Utah, Colorado, North Dakota, 
Michigan, Minnesota, Arizona, Nevada, Montana. Canada: Mani- 
toba, Saskatchewan, Alberta. 

Host: Diplolepis tuberculatriz xerophila Kinsey and Ayres on Rosa 
species, Diplolepis arefacta (Gillette). 

Subspecies: The following subspecies are included under Eurytoma 
acuta. ‘The descriptions will be found in Bugbee, 1951, Ann. Ent. 
Soc. Amer. vol. 44, pp. 213-260. 

Eurytoma acuta acuta Bugbee. Utah and Colorado. Hosts: 
Diplolepis tuberculatriz form xerophila Kinsey and Ayres, D. tuber- 
culator variety coloradensis Kinsey and Ayres (USNM 61220). 

E. a. absona Bugbee: Colorado. Host: ? Diplolepis multispinosa 
(Gillette) (USNM 61223). 

E. a. gemina Bugbee. Arizona. Host unknown (USNM 61224). 

E.. a. intermedia Bugbee. N. Dakota. Host: Smooth rose gall 
(USNM 61221). 

E. a. ramosa Bugbee. Michigan, Minnesota, Manitoba, Saskat- 
chewan. Hosts: Diplolepis tuberculator complex. 

Types: U.S. National Museum (USNM 61222). 

Remarks: /. acuta is a close western relative of the eastern E. 
discordans. It can be distinguished from the latter, however, by the 
scape that may be all black or upper half black and lower half yellowish 
brown, the darker brown color of the wing veins, broader marginal 
vein, almost square stigmal club, the wide median furrow on the 
propodeum that narrows ventrally, and the black infuscation that 
usually occurs on all of the legs. 


Complex IV. Tylodermatis 


35. Eurytoma prunicola Walsh 
Map 17 
Eurytoma prunicola Walsh, 1870, p. 298.—Peck, 1951, p. 578. 
Eurytoma prunicola globulicola Walsh, 1870, p. 299. 

Female: Reddish brown to black. Medium-sized species averaging 
3.3 mm. (3.0-3.7) in length. Abdomen averages 1.6 mm. (1.5-1.7) in 
length; oval from a lateral view; laterally compressed but not ex- 
tremely so; most often reddish brown in color with some black in- 
fuscation on dorsal surface of segments three through five and often 
on posterior half of ninth tergum; less often black may be more 
extensive but sixth segment usually reddish brown; longer than four 
and five combined and heavily sculptured on lower lateral surface; 
dorsal surface smooth; ninth tergum and ventral valves project 
upward at considerably less than a right angle in relation to horizontal 
axis of the abdomen; ninth tergum mediumly elongate, sloping and 


474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


somewhat blunt, averaging .19 mm. (.15-.25) in length. Internal 
genitalia with the dorsal valves very narrow for horizontal length 
and black to light reddish brown in color; dorsal and ventral valves 
turn dorsally, anteriorly, at approximately a right angle; ventral 
valves curve dorsally and then slightly posteriorly so that stylet arch 
and fulcral plate are in a vertical plane; whole structure averages 
1.6 mm. (1.2-1.9) in length and 1.0 mm. (.87-1.1) in height; height 
averages about 64% of the length. Thorax with the tegula yellow or 
yellowish brown; most often some deep reddish-brown coloration on 
dorsal and lateral surface of the pronotum; less often dorsal thorax 
black, or reddish brown extensive on both dorsal and lateral surfaces. 
Propodeum narrowly concave; shallow concavity occupied almost 
entirely by the median furrow that may be delimited laterally by 
distinct, irregular carinae, or lateral carinae may lose identity in 
lower half; median carina more or less complete to base dividing 
furrow into small irregular rectangles, largest at top, smallest toward 
base; median carinae may separate deep rectangular depression below 
base of median furrow into two foveae; lateral areas narrow and ir- 
regularly ridged and pitted. Head most often black, occasionally 
deep reddish brown frons; fine striae on face converging on the 
clypeus. Antenna with the scape yellow; flagellum appears six 
jointed; segments longer than wide. Legs yellow including coxae. 
Wing veins yellow; marginal mediumly broad and stout and averages 
.32 mm. (.32—.37) in length; postmarginal linear, short, and averages 
.15 mm. (.15-.17) in length; thus the marginal is quite often twice 
the length of the postmarginal; stigmal vein short and club deeply 
rounded so that it appears almost square. 

Male: Black or mostly reddish brown. Averages 2.6 mm. (2.3- 
3.0) in length. Thorax and abdomen most often black, or reddish- 
brown tinge to lateral pronotum and occasionally to dorsal pronotum 
and lower, lateral meso- and metanotum; may be a deep reddish- 
brown splotch on the lateral aspect of sixth abdominal segment. 
Head often black, or it may have a reddish-brown frons. Petiole 
longer than hindcoxa by about 1% times; most often black but may 
be reddish brown. Legs and all coxae yellow or hindcoxae may be 
black to dark reddish brown. Tegula yellow. Antenna with the 
scape yellow; flagellum appears 7-segmented. Wing veins with same 
relationships as in the female. 

Types: U.S. National Museum, no. 1531, 1 female and 4 males, 
labelled by A. Bolter, 1890. 

Type locality: No locality is given for the types but Walsh de- 
scribed many of his species from material collected in the vicinity of 
Rock Island, Ill. Lacking any specific evidence otherwise, it seems 





No. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 475 


safe to assume that the type material of this species may have come 
from the same area. 

Distribution: United States: Kansas, southern Illinois and Indiana 
to Maryland, south to South Carolina and Mississippi, and west to 
Texas. 

Host: Walsh (1870) lists his specimens as having been bred “from 
the Cynipidous oak-gall Q. prunus, Walsh,’? which appears to be 
Amphibolips prunus (Walsh) that occurs on various Red Oak species. 
A. gainsei Bassett and Callirhytis seminator (Harris). 

Remarks: There does not seem to be any basis by which E. prunicola 
globulicola Walsh can be distinguished from FE. prunicola Walsh. 
The considerable variation in the reddish-brown coloration of the 
specimens examined, on which the redescription is based, ranges from 
abdomens that are all black, except the long sixth segment, to those 
that are all reddish brown, except for some black infuscation on the 
dorsal surface of segments three to five. Walsh distinguishes EF. 
p. globulicola from E. prunicola because of the former’s reddish- 
brown (rufous) abdomen. 

E. prunicola appears to be closest to EL. querct-globult. The reddish- 
brown coloration is much the same, and, as in Ff. querci-globuli, the 
color variation ranges from predominately black in some of the more 
northern populations (Indiana and Illinois), to predominately reddish 
brown in the southern material (Bonneau, 8.C.). It differs, however, 
in the oval abdomen with less lateral compression, longer sixth abdom- 
inal segment, shorter ninth tergum, less posterior extension of the 
ventral valves of the female genitalia, less extensive sculpturing on the 
lateral surface of the sixth abdominal segment, a stouter, broader 
marginal vein, and a short postmarginal vein in relation to the 
marginal. 

The redescription is based on the types in the U.S. National 
Museum collection and the considerable number of specimens in the 
author’s collection. 


36. Eurytoma celtigalla Bugbee 


Map 18 
Eurytoma celtigalla Bugbee, 1957, pp. 49-50. 


Types: Holotype female, allotype, and paratypes in the USS. 
National Museum (USNM 66037). Paratypes in the University of 
Texas, Austin, Tex., Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., and Bugbee 
collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Buda, Tex. Collected June and Aug. 13, 1955, 
February and Mar. 7, 1956, by J. Riemann. 

Distribution: Known only from central Texas. 


476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Host: Phytophaga celtiphylla Felt on Celtis species, C. mississippi- 
ensis and C. laevigata. 

Remarks: This species runs generally smaller in all its measurements 
than Hurytoma prunicola. In addition, the dorsal valves of the female 
genitalia are broad in contrast to the narrow valves of the preceding 
species and the postmarginal vein is about 80% the length of the 
marginal instead of nearer 50%. 


37. Eurytoma lacunae, new species 
Map 18 


Female: Mostly black. Averages 2.2 mm. (2.0-2.3) in length. 
Abdomen averages 1.1 mm. (1.0-1.2) in length; oval in outline from 
a lateral and dorsal view; dark brown to black in color; sixth tergum 
fully two-fifths to one-half the length of the abdomen; its surface both 
dorsally and laterally covered by fine sculpturing; ninth tergum 
averages .17 mm. (.15-.20) in length. Internal genitalia average 
1.0 mm. in length and .62 mm. in height; thus the height is slightly 
more than one-half the length; dorsal valves narrow for horizontal 
length and turn dorsally, anteriorly, at a right angle; stylet arch in 
an oblique plane; dorsal valves yellowish brown except for exposed 
distal tip which is black. Propodeum with a wide, shallow depression 
without any median furrow or distinct lateral areas; surface covered 
with irregular, fine punctations except for several larger pits dorso- 
laterally. Tegula yellow. Face with prominent striae from below 
eye and base of antennae that converge upon the clypeus. Antenna 
with yellow scape and yellow to light-brown flagellum; funicle five 
jointed; the first jomt longer than wide, the rest becoming shorter, 
so that number five is about as long as wide; terminal unit of three 
closely fused segments. Legs including the fore- and midcoxae yellow; 
hindcoxae may have brown infuscation mixed with the yellow. Wing 
veins light yellow and linear; marginal vein, which averages .24 mm. 
(.22-.25), is twice the length of the postmarginal, which averages 
.12 mm. (.10-.12). 

Male: Black. Averages 1.3 mm. in length. Legs all yellow 
except brownish infuscation on middle of hindfemora. Tegula yellow. 
Scape and flagellum of antenna yellow to yellowish brown; funicle 
consists of only four elongate, pedicellate joints; terminal unit of 
two closely fused joints separated from the fifth by an annulation. 
Wing veins yellow with the same length relationships as in the female. 

Types: Holotype female, allotype, and paratypes in the USS. 
National Museum (USNM 66055); paratypes in the Bugbee collec- 
tion, Meadville, Pa. 


No. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 477 


Type locality: Kent Island, Md. Specimens collected Feb. 8, 1953, 
and emerged Mar. 3, 1953. 

Host: Bred from galls of Protaplonz species on Baccharis helmifolia. 

Remarks: The male antenna of this new species has only four 
pedicellate segments in the flagellum. The fifth is separated from 
the two closely fused terminal units by an annulation rather than a 
short pedicle. The lack of yellow or reddish brown on the head, 
thorax, and abdomen will distinguish this species from Hurytoma 
guniperinus or EF. prunicola. 


38. Eurytoma nigricoxa Provancher 


Map 18 
Eurytoma nigricoxa Provancher, 1887, p. 193.—Peck, 1951, p. 577. 


Types: Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada, 1 female with 
three labels. First label reads: ‘Type, E. nigricoxa Provancher no. 
2513.” Second label reads: ‘EH. nigricora Provancher, Type 739.” 
Third label reads: ‘Lectotype, LE. nigricoxra Comeau, April, 1940.” 

Type locality: Ottawa, Canada. 

Distribution: Canada: Quebec, British Columbia, and Manitoba. 

Host: Rose galls and Periclistus species (specimens in Department 
of Agriculture collection, Ottawa, Canada). 

Remarks: This species superficially resembles E. studiosa Say, but 
the thorax is more robust and the propodeum is broad and shallowly 
concave without a clearly defined median groove. It differs also in 
the equal length of the marginal and postmarginal veins. 


39. Eurytoma querci Fullaway 


Map 18 
Eurytoma quercit Fullaway, 1912, p. 278.—Peck, 1951, p. 578. 


Types: Leland Stanford University, lot 508, specimen 45, 1 female; 
lot 509, specimen 20, 1 male, paratype. 

Type locality: Stevens Creek (Santa Clara County), Calif. Col- 
lected Nov. 24, 1906. The type female emerged Mar. 6, 1907, and 
the male emerged in the laboratory Jan. 27, 1907. 

Distribution: United States: California. 

Host: Acraspis guadaloupensis (Fullaway) on Q. chrysolepis (Fulla- 
way, 1912) Andricus lasius (Ashmead) (Fullaway, 1912). 

Remarks: The type female seems close to E. californica Ashmead, 
but it is smaller in all its measurements; has more black infuscation 
on the legs (not in blotches as in E. californica); brown rather than 
yellow tegulae, and the abdomen is not deeply oval but more 
rectangular in shape in a lateral view. 


478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


40. Eurytoma auriceps Walsh 


Map 19 


Eurytoma auriceps Walsh, 1870, p. 299.—Triggerson, 1914, pp. 1-34.—Viereck, 
1916, p. 522.—Peck, 1951, p. 575.—Bugbee, 1956, p. 503. 

Eurytoma auricpes seminatrix Walsh, 1870, p. 299. 

Eurytoma vagabunda Ashmead, 1881a, p. 134. 

Female: Black. Length averages 3.8 mm. (2.7—4.0). Abdomen 
black to deep reddish brown; oval in lateral view; averaging 1.3 mm. 
(1.0-2.0) in length; lateral compression medium; segment six dorsally 
equal in length to segments four and five combined; sculpturing on 
lower lateral surface of sixth heavy, but it plays out dorsally so that 
upper half of lateral surface and dorsal surface are smooth and 
shiny; white pile covers dorsal and lateral one-half of segment eight; a 
few scattered hairs on dorsal and lower lateral aspect of seven; ninth 
tergum short, broad and stubby; averaging .12 mm. (0.7-.22) in 
length; ninth with exposed ends of ventral valves projecting upward 
at less than a 45° angle in relation to horizontal axis of the abdomen. 
Internal genitalia average 1.3 mm. (1.0-2.0) in length; 1.0 mm. 
(.82-1.5) in height, height averages about 77% of the length; dorsal 
and ventral valves anteriorly turn dorsally at approximately a right 
angle; expanded plate of ventral valves may bend slightly posteriorly 
so that stylet arch approaches a vertical plane; dorsal valves black for 
horizontal length and narrow; black may or may not continue onto 
shghtly wider dorsal extension of dorsal valves. Tegula yellow. 
Propodeum shallowly concave; median furrow outlined by distinct 
lateral carinae, clearly indicated in dorsal third or half only, extent of 
median carina same or ventrally for about three-quarters of length of 
furrow; lower area crossed by irregular horizontal ridges dividing sur- 
face roughly into rectangles. Scape with outer face all yellow or upper 
half black to dark brown; antenna filiform; segments of the flagellum 
in the larger specimens longer than wide with the fifth only a little 
shorter than the first; in smaller specimens, segments become pro- 
gressively shorter distally, so that five may be almost square; six 
closely applied to seven and separated by a shallow annulation; seven 
appears to consist of two closely fused units, about equal in length to 
first segment. Lower half of face covered with striae that converge 
upon the clypeus. Legs chrome yellow or brownish infuscation on 
hindfemora and tibiae; front coxae may be all yellow, or medial and 
anterior faces yellow only; midcoxae also variable from yellow to black; 
hindeoxae black. Wing veins yellow to yellowish brown; marginal 
vein stout and wider than postmarginal; marginal averages .30 mm. 
(.22-.42) and the short, stubby postmarginal vein averages .16 mm. 








NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 479 


(.12-.22) in length; the postmarginal averages about 53% the length 
of the marginal; stigmal vein short and stout, averaging .14 mm. 
(.12-.20). 

Male: Body black. Abdominal petiole long, averaging 1.33 times 
the length of hindcoxa, or hindcoxa about three-fourths length of 
petiole; legs most often including all coxae, scape and tegula yellow; 
less often hindcoxa black and some black infuscation on middle of 
outer face of hindfemora and occasionally hindtibiae. Pile covering 
face and on thorax, often with a golden-yellow tinge; less often silvery 
white. Wing veins brown; marginal vein stout, averaging .30 mm. 
(.20-.37) and postmarginal averages .16 mm. (.12-.20) in length; 
stigmal averages .17 mm. (.15-.20). 

Neotypes: Neotype female and male in U.S. National Museum; 
paratypes in the Bugbee collection, Meadville, Pa. Additional 
specimens in the series from which the types were picked include 31 
females and 19 males. 

Type locality: Elsah, Jersey County, Ill. (Principia College). J. E. 
Remington collection (ex pupa, June 6, 1946), 155. 

Host: Reared from pupa June 5 and 6, 1946, in gall of Callirhytis 
seminator (Harris), L. H. Weld determined, on Quercus alba. The 
lost type material came from Acraspis erinacet (Beutenmuller), 
A. hirta (Osten-Sacken), Amphibolips spongifica (Osten-Sacken) and 
Diplolepis radicum (Osten-Sacken). 

Distribution: EF. auriceps occurs over most of the eastern half of the 
United States and Canada probably to the northern limit of white 
oak distribution. Its hosts are species of cynipids, producing galls, 
principally on the white oaks Quercus alba and Q. stellata. 

The list of additional host records was taken from specimens in my 
own collection located at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa., the 
collections of the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C., and 
Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. Andricus flocci, A. ignotus, A. 
patton, A. foliatus, Amphibolips cookii, Acraspis pezomachoides, 
Callirhytis lanata, Disholcaspis globulus, D. spongiosa, D. mamma, 
Holcaspis fasciata, and Sphaeroteras melleum. 

Remarks: This is a highly variable species. It has been impossible 
to find any good morphological characteristics that would distinguish 
more than one species. All characters seem to intergrade throughout 
the widespread distributional area. 

Since the original types seem to be lost, the redescription is based 
on a neotype and a paratype series from a locality in Illinois in prox- 
imity to the area where Walsh is believed to have collected. 


480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


41. Eurytoma brevivena Bugbee 


Map 20 
Eurytoma brevivena Bugbee, 1958a, p. 198. 


Types: 13 females and 1 male; holotype female in the U.S. National 
Museum (USNM no. 66032); paratypes in Bugbee collection, Mead- 
ville, Pa. 

Type locality: Grand Canyon, Ariz., collected Jan. 26, 1920, A. C. 
Kinsey. 

Distribution: Known only from the type locality. 

Host: Disholcaspis quercus-globulus (Fitch) on Quercus gambelii 
(Bugbee, 1958). 

Remarks: The host of this species is probably not the species indi- 
cated on the labels, because D. quercus-globulus does not extend 
westward to Arizona according to Weld in Muesebeck and others 
(1951). Its host will probably be found to be a western species of the 
genus Disholcaspis associated with Quercus gambeli. 

The strong striations on the lower face converging on the clypeus, 
the short postmarginal vein that averages about half the length of the 
marginal, and the wide median furrow on the propodeum that narrows 
ventrally, are additional characteristics of this species. 


42. Eurytoma obtusiventris Gahan 


Map 20 


Eurytoma obtusiventris Gahan, 1934, pp. 116-118.—Hughes, 1934, pp. 119-122.— 
Breland, 1939, p. 725.—Uhler, 1951, p. 40.—Judd, 1953, p. 296.—Peck, 1951, 
p. 577.—Miller, 1959b, pp. 246-251. 
Types: Holotype female, no. 49893, and 57 paratype females in 
the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 
Type locality: Ithaca, N.Y., collected and reared by G. F. Hughes 
in 19380. 
Distribution: United States: New York, Michigan, Indiana, Mas- 
sachusetts, Louisiana, Kansas, Ohio. Canada: Ontario. 
Host: EHurosta solidaginis Fitch on Solidago species (Gahan, 1934). 
Remarks: No males have appeared in any of the series of E. 
obtusiventris from the more northern states (New York, Michigan, 
Indiana) and southern Canada. The females, therefore, must be 
parthenogenetic. However, the series reared from Tephritis (= Neo- 
tephritis) finalis (Loew) on Helianthus species from Columbus, Miss., 
by Breland (1939) and determined by Gahan as E. obtusiventris, 
does contain several males. I have examined some of the Breland 
specimens and have included them in the succeeding new species. 
Characteristics that separate this species from the next one, in 





No. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 481 


addition to those listed in the key, are given in the section entitled 
“Remarks,” under the succeeding species. 


43. Eurytoma vernonia, new species 
Fiaure 15; Map 21 


Female: Medium-sized species averaging 2.1 mm. (1.8-2.5) in 
length. Black except for proximal and distal extremities of tibiae 
and femora, all of tarsi and wing veins which are yellow to yellowish 
brown. Abdomen dorsally arched anteriorly, triangular in shape 
from a lateral view and moderately laterally compressed; averaging 
1.3 mm. (1.3-1.4) in length; sculpturing on lateral aspect of the long 
sixth tergum heavy for lower half and then becomes lighter in upper 
half, disappearing entirely so that dorsal surface is smooth and shiny; 
ninth tergum short and pointed averaging .12 mm. (.10-.15) in 
length and in line with the horizontal axis of the abdomen; black to dark 
brown in color. Internal genitalia short; dorsal and ventral valves 
turn dorsally, anteriorly, at a right angle to horizontal axis so that 
stylet arch is in an almost vertical plane; height more than half of 
length; height averaging .82 mm. (.80-.87) and length 1.2 mm. 
(1.1-1.3); dorsal valves black and narrow for horizontal length. 
Propodeum at right angles to the scutellum; wide shallow concavity 
that is evenly punctate except for three or four large round pits with 
shiny surfaces along dorsal margin; median furrow, lateral and central 
carinae may be absent or carinae indicated dorsally by short stubs 
only. Tegula black. Pronotum narrow; its width less than half 
its length. Antenna short and stocky; enlarging slightly distally so 
that they appear clavate; pedicle and first funicle segment about 
equal in length viewed from above; first funicle segment slightly 
longer than wide, rest almost square; three closely fused units in the 
club; scape black. Front coxa with a prominent tubercle about mid- 
way on the anterior outer margin. Wing veins yellow; marginal and 
postmarginal linear, the marginal longer than the postmarginal, 
averaging .17 mm. (.15-.20) in length and the postmarginal averaging 
.12 mm. 

Male: Black; exceptions as in the description of the female. Length 
averages 1.6 mm. (1.3-1.9). Antenna with the first four funicle seg- 
ments about equal in length, pedicellate, longer than wide and de- 
pressed medially; a whorl of long hairs arises from each hump on either 
side of the depression and extends outward at right angles to the longi- 
tudinal plane of the segment; fifth funicle segment not pedicellate 
distally, nor noticeably depressed; its proximal end has longer hairs 
that appear to arise from a slight eminence and may or may not simu- 


219-931—67——_+4 


482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118 


late a whorl; distal end with shorter hairs; terminal unit of two, short, 
closely fused segments separated from the fifth by a deep annulation 
and about same length as fifth; hair much shorter and extends anteri- 
orly or in same plane as terminal segments. Marginal vein of the fore- 
wing averages .16 mm. (.15-.20) and postmarginal vein .11 mm. 
(.10-.12) in length. 

Types: 32 females and 9 males. Holotype female, allotype, and 
paratypes in the U.S. National Museum (USNM 66056); paratypes 
in the Bugbee collection, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Manhattan, Kans. Collected by R. Schwitzgebel, 
Sept. 1, 1940. Paratypes collected in August and September 1940. 

Distribution: U.S.: Pennsylvania, Oklahoma, and Mississippi. 

Host: Bred from trypetid seed maggots in seeds of Vernonia interior 
Small (Ironweed). 

Additional host: Tephritis (= Neotephritis) finalis in sunflower (Bre- 
land, 1939). 

Remarks: This new species is most closely related to Hurytoma 
obtusiventris Gahan. The relationship is suggested by the presence of 
the raised tubercle on the outer margin of the forecoxae, the narrow 
pronotum, the short, stocky female antenna, and the sharp angle 
formed by the scutellum and propodeum. It can be separated from 
E.. obtusiventris, however, by its smaller size, the evenly punctate 
propodeum in contrast to the transversely striated propodeum of 
E.. obtusiventris, its more oval and laterally compressed abdomen, and 
the presence of males with their distinctive antennae. 

Schwitzgebel and Wilbur (1943) list two species of parasites as 
Eurytoma new species that were bred from trypetid seed maggots 
(p. 8). The series of 56 females mentioned above, from which this 
new species was described, was part of their reared material so that it 
is very likely that its real host is one of the species of trypetid listed 
in their paper. The exact relationships of host and parasite were not 


determined. 
44, Eurytoma bigeloviae Ashmead 


Map 21 


Eurytoma bigeloviae Ashmead, 1890, pp. 25, 45.—Peck, 1951, p. 575.—Bugbee, 
1956, p. 504. 
Eurytoma chalcidiformis Girault, 1917a, p. 3. 
Types: U.S. National Museum no. 11865. Original description 
based on 1 female specimen, which is designated as type. 
Type locality: West Cliff, Colo. (reared by T. D. A. Cockerell). 
Distribution: United States: Colorado, California, Utah. 
Host: Trypeta (= Tephrella) bigeloviae (Cockerell) (Ashmead, 1890). 
Remarks: For notes on the synonymy of £. chalcidiformis Girault 
with this species, see Bugbee (1956, p. 504). 





NO. 35833  CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 483 


45. Eurytoma atripes Gahan 


Map 22 


Eurytoma atripes Gahan, 1933, p. 36.—Hill and Pinckney, 1940, p. 8.—Peck, 
1951, p. 575.—Nelson, 1953, p. 250. 

Types: U.S. National Museum, 1 type female and 1 allotype, 
no. 44838, plus a paratype series of 24 specimens. 

Type locality: Carlisle, Penn. 

Distribution: United States: Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York, 
Ohio, Tennessee, Washington, Oregon, North Dakota. Canada: 
Alberta. 

Host: Hessian fly puparia Phytophaga destructor (Say) and 1 
specimen from Cephus cinctus Norton (Gahan, 1933). Larvae of 
both Cephus cinctus Norton and Bracon cephi (Gahan) (Nelson, 
1953). 

Remarks: Locality records shown on the map were taken from the 
paper by Gahan (1933) and represent the types plus the 24 additional 
specimens on which he based the description of the species. 

This is a small species with a very short, stubby ninth tergum 
averagine 0.8 mm. (.06-.10). The female genitalia are weakly 
developed with wide dorsal valves, only slight dorsal extension ante- 
riorly, and the stylet arch is in a horizontal plane. The antennae are 
weakly clavate. 

46. Eurytoma levivultus Bughbce 
Map 21 
Eurytoma levivultus Bugbee, 1957, pp. 48-49. 

Types: 7 females and 3 males; holotype female in the U.S. National 
Museum; paratypes in Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Mead- 
ville, Pa. 

Type locality: Columbus, Ohio, collected June 1955 by J. Moser. 

Distribution: United States: Ohio and Texas. 

Host: Pachypsylla gemma Riley. 

Remarks: The lack of any yellow or reddish-brown color on the 
frons, the reduced umbilicate punctures on the pronotum, vertex, and 
occiput of the head, the flat evenly punctate propodeum, and the 
black infuscation always on the middle and hindfemora and tibiae 
and often on the front legs help to distinguish this species. 


47. Eurytoma tumoris Bugbee 


Eurytoma tumoris Bugbee, 1962, pp. 345-346. 


Types: 24 females and 23 males. Holotype female and allotype 
male from Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County, Calif. Collected by 
R. W. Stark, Mar. 25, 1962. Reared in Berkeley, Calif., Apr. 6, 
1962, from Scots pine. Additional specimens in alcohol with the 


484. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


same locality, collection, and rearing dates as above. Types and 
paratypes in the U.S. National Museum and paratypes in the Bugbee 
collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. and the University of 
California at Berkeley. 

Type locality: Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County, Calif. 

Host: Believed to be phytophagous in the stems of Pinus sylvestris. 

Distribution: California. 

Remarks: See Bugbee (1962). 


48. Eurytoma fossae, new species 
FicurEs 11, 24; Map 22 


Female: Averages 2.8 mm. (2.2-3.3) in length. Black except for 
the tarsi, knees, and apices of mid- and hindtibiae, occasionally all of 
foretibiae and wing veins. Abdomen, viewed laterally, narrowly oval; 
longer than head and thorax combined; averaging in length 1.5 mm. 
(1.2-1.7); sixth tergum dorsally, longer than three and four combined; 
sculpturing limited to lower anterior half of lateral surface; rest of 
surface shiny black; ninth tergum short, averaging .14 mm. (.12-.17) 
in length. Internal genitalia average 1.5 mm. in length and .77 mm. 
in height; thus height is about half the length; dorsal valves narrow 
and black for horizontal length and turn dorsally, anteriorly, with 
ventral valves at less than a right angle in relation to the horizontal 
axis; stylet arch in an oblique plane. Propodeum rounded with a 
deep, narrow concavity occupied by a median furrow, wider at top 
and delimited laterally by complete lateral carinae to base; central 
carina may extend from dorsal margin for half to three-quarters 
length of median furrow; spaces in furrow with shiny, unsculptured 
surfaces; lateral areas absent or if present very narrow. Thorax with 
the tegula black. Antenna with the scape black; first segment of the 
funicle slightly longer than pedicle, itself longer than wide and trun- 
cate distally; next four segments subequal to square and truncate dis- 
tally; distal three segments grouped closely together to form a slightly 
expanded club. Legs with black infuscation on all femora and tibiae, 
except occasionally foretibiae; tarsi may have black infuscation on 
dorsal surface. Wing veins light brown and linear; marginal vein 
longer than postmarginal, averaging .32 mm. (.25-.35) in length and 
postmarginal averaging .22 mm. (.20-.22). 

Male: Averages 1.9 mm. (1.6—2.2) in length. Wing veins are dark 
brown; marginal Jonger than postmarginal, averaging .27 mm. 
(.25-.30), and postmarginal averaging .16 mm. (.15-.17) in length. 

Types: 8 females and 10 males; holotype female and allotype male 
in the U.S. National Museum collection, Washington, D.C. (USNM 
66057). Paratype females in the U.S. National Museum, Bugbee col- 
lection, Meadville, Pa., and University of California. 





| 
| 


n 





No. 3533  CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 485 


Type locality: Albany, Alameda County, Calif., collected May 1958 
by L. E. Caltagirone. 

Distribution: United States: California. 

Host: Bred from gall on Salix species produced by Euura pacifica 
(Marlatt), Burks determined, and E. resinicola (Marlatt). 

Remarks: The new species resembles Hurytoma stigmi Ashmead 
and Hf. tomict Ashmead in the slightly clavate antennae and the wide 
median furrow of the propodeum. 


49. Eurytoma tomici Ashmead 


Map 22 
Eurytoma lomict Ashmead, 1894, pp. 325, 326.—Taylor, 1929, p. 37.—Peck, 
1951, p. 579. 

Types: 1 male type no. 11870, U.S. National Museum. Apparently 
this is all the type material there is and so the 1 male specimen is 
designated as type. 

Type locality: Morgantown, W. Va. 

Distribution: United States: New York, West Virginia. 

Hosts: Tomicus (=FPityogenes) plagiatus (LeConte) (Ashmead, 
1894), Cylindrocopturus eatont Buchanan (Peck, 1951), C. furnissi 
Buchanan (Peck, 1951), Hpiblema strenuana (Walker) (Peck, 1951). 

Additional hosts: Phloeosinus species, and Cylindrocopturus longulus 
(LeConte) ; records U.S. National Museum. 

Remarks: Hurytoma tomici Ashmead is very close to E. stigmi 
Ashmead. The temptation to call them one species was strong, but 
because of the rather meager material of both species, it seems best 
to keep them separate with the hope that adequate series with precise 
host data will be available someday. 

In general E. tomict seems to have more black infuscation on the 
legs, especially in the male, and less sculpturing on the surface of the 
sixth tergum. In £. stigmi the fine scaling may extend over the dorsal 
surface while it is limited to the lower one-half of the lateral surface 
of the sixth tergum in E. tomici. 


50. Eurytoma appendigaster (Swederus) 


Map 23 


Pteromalus appendigaster Swederus, 1795, p. 217. 

Eurytoma appendigaster (Swederus), Dalman, 1820, pp. 13-14 [designated by 
Dalman as genotype].—Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927, pp. 20, 21.—Allen, 
Holloway and Haeussler, 1940, pp. 1-61.—Peck, 1951, p. 575.—Claridge, 
1959, pp. 4-6. 


Types: Swederus types nonexistent (see below). Neotype female 
in the collection of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm, 
Type locality: Uncertain, 


486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Distribution: Canada: Ontario, New Brunswick. 

Host: Macrocentrus ancylivorous Rohwer, Apanteles solitarius 
(Ratzeburg’), Cremastus minor Cushman. 

Additional localities: Specimens in the collection of the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. Vineland, Ontario, host 
Macrocentrus ancylivorus, Cremastus minor. McAdam, N.B., from 
Apanteles solitarius. Moncton, Apanteles cacoons. Vineland, Ontario, 
host Lasperyresia (=Grapholitha) molesta (Busck). 

Remarks: The status of Hurytoma appendigaster in the United States 
is uncertain. It is listed by Peck (1951) as occurring in New England, 
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, but I have been unable 
to verify these localities. I have not recognized the species in my 
own extensive collection of eurytomids and the only material that 
I feel sure of in the U.S. National Museum collection is from Europe. 
The only specimens that seem to fit H. appendigaster are in the col- 
lection of the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. 

M. F. Claridge (1959) states that there is no Swederus material of 
this species existent, but there is material of Boheman, who probably 
saw the original material. He sent me one of Boheman’s specimens 
and a specimen that Claridge himself had determined as 7. appendi- 
gaster. I have also seen some specimens in the U.S. National Museum 
collection that A. B. Gahan compared with Boheman’s specimens 
and determined as FL. appendigaster. There are several characteristics 
that stand out in the material mentioned above. The male antenna 
are distinctly seven segmented with segment six separated from seven 
by a short petiole. All of the males of North American species of 
Eurytoma that I have seen have segments six and seven either 
closely fused or separated by a shallow annulation, not by a distinct 
petiole. The female has the sculpturing reduced on the long sixth 
abdominal segment, so that it is limited to the lower anterior third 
of the lateral surface. The umbilicate punctures on the mesonotum 
are large, close together, and the ridges between them are not sculp- 
tured but are smooth and shiny. The first segment of the antenna 
is longer than wide, at least twice as long as wide. The redescription 
by Claridge (loc. cit.) does not mention some of the characteristics 
listed above. He does, however, pick a neotype female from the 
Boheman collection. 

The species is included in this revision because of the specimens in 
the collection of the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. 


51. Eurytoma seminis Bugbee 
Map 24 


Eurytoma seminis Bugbce, 1941, pp. 98-102.—Peck, 1951, p. 578. 
Types: 15 females and 8 males; holotype female, male, and female 





| 
| 
NO. 3533 +CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE A487 
paratypes in the U.S. National {Museum (USNM 58244); paratypes 
in Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Hays, Kans. 
_ Host: Phytophagous in the seeds of Schmaltzia= (Rhus) trilobata 
) (Nuttall). 

Distribution: United States: Kansas, Oklahoma. 

Remarks: The lack of black infuscation on the tibiae of the legs 
and the reddish-brown to yellow scape of the antenna are additional 
characteristics to look for in this species. 


52. Eurytoma altifossa, new species 
Figures 21, 23; Map 23 


Female: Black except for yellow fore- and midtibiae, extremities 
of hindtibiae and all femora, scape of antenna, and wing veins. Aver- 
age in length 3.4 mm. (3.2-3.8). Abdomen globular and plump with 
only slight lateral compression; sixth tergum about 1% times the 
length of the fifth; sculpturing of fine, shallow punctations covers 
all of lateral surface of sixth tergum and extends over dorsal sur- 
face on anterior half; covers most of lateral and dorsal surfaces of 








all other abdominal terga; ninth tergum short and stubby, averaging 

14 mm. (.12-.17) in length. Internal genitalia with broad dorsal 

valves for horizontal length and their color is black; very little dorsal 
extension ateriorly, of dorsal and ventral valves, so that stylet arch 
is close to a horizontal plane; average length of genitalia 1.5 mm. and 
average height .75 mm.; thus height is about half of length. Propo- 
deum broad with a shallow concavity in center of which is a deep, 
narrow, complete median furrow that narrows gradually toward base; 
central carina in upper third; large lateral areas. Antenna filiform; 
flagellum with five trunctate segments distally; sixth separated from 
seventh by a distinct annulation, terminal unit of two closely fused 
segments. Legs may have fore- and midtibiae yellow or with slight, 
light-brownish infuscation on middle of outer surface; same on hind- 
tibiae; darker brown infuscation toward base of fore- and midfemora 
and on middle of hindfemora. Wing veins linear; marginal slightly 
longer than postmarginal; marginal averages .30 mm. (.25-.37) and 
postmarginal averages .25 mm. (.17-.30); stigmal club rectangular. 

Male: Color much the same as in female except that color of the legs 
is darker and more extensive. Average length 2.4mm. Relation of 
wing veins as in the female but average slightly shorter. 

Types: 5 females and 1 male. Holotype female, allotype, and para- 
types in the collection of the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, 
Canada and paratypes in the Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, 
Meadeville, Pa. 


488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Type locality: Aweme, Manitoba. Collected June 10, 1929, by | 
R.M. White. Paratypes collected June 12, 13, 16, and Aug. 13, 1929. | 
Host: From galls on Ozytropis lamberti. Host relationship not | 
stated. | 

Distribution: Known only from the type locality. 

Remarks: This new species resembles Hurytoma crassa, new species, 
in its plump, globular abdomen and extensive sculpturing of the 
abdominal terga. It differs, however, in the complete, narrow median 
furrow on the propodeum, the shorter postmarginal vein in relation 
to the marginal, and the lack of as dark and extensive infuscation 
on the legs. 


53. Eurytoma crassa, new species 
Fiaures 16, 25; Map 24 


Female: Black. Length averages 3.4 mm. (3.1-3.8). Abdomen 
plump; oval from a lateral view; averaging 1.9 mm. (1.7—2.0) in total 
length; most often whole surface of segments four through eight 
covered with fine punctations; less often sculpturing reduced on dorsal 
surface of sixth to a narrow band covering anterior half of surface; 
ninth tergum broad and pointed, averaging .19 mm. (.15-.22) in 
length and usually in line with horizontal axis of the abdomen. In- 
ternal genitalia with broad and stout dorsal valves for horizontal 
length anterior to concavity behind exposed tip; dorsal and ventral 
valves turn dorsally, anteriorly, at slightly less than a right angle; 
stylet arch in an oblique plane; length of genitalia averages 1.8 mm. 
(1.7-2.0) and height averages .98 mm. (.92-1.0); anterior dorsal 
expanded plate of ventral valves, narrow, maintaining same width 
or narrowing slightly at top. Propodeum broad, shallowly concave, 
without a median furrow, or an indication of one in dorsal third only; 
rest of surface covered with irregular ridges with fine punctations 
between. Tegula black. Antenna with the scape most often en- 
tirely black; less often with yellow base; flagellum filiform; segments 
one to five longer than wide; six closely applied to seven but dis- 
tinguished from it by a shallow annulation. Legs with black in- 
fuscation on all femora and tibiae. Wing veins yellow; marginal 
and postmarginal linear; marginal averages .26 mm. (.22—.30) in 
length and postmarginal averages .27 mm. (.27—.32); thus the post- 
marginal is most often longer than the marginal, less often equal to 
it in length; stigmal club small and narrowly rectangular in shape. 

Male: Black. Averages in length 2.0 mm. (1.5-2.8). Abdomen 
may be covered with fine, delicate punctations over entire surface, or 
sculpturing extends over two-thirds of lateral surface of sixth segment 





xo. 3533 + #CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 489 


only, leaving dorsal surface smooth and shiny. Propodeum may have 
a complete wide median furrow that maintains same width from top 
to bottom. Wing vein relationships and color of the legs same as 


in the female. 


Types: 6 females and 1 male. Holotype female in the U.S. Na- 


, tional Museum (USNM 66058); paratypes in Bugbee collection, 


_ Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 


Type locality: Gosport, Ind. Holotype collected on Mar. 28, 


1933; emerged May 30, 1933. Paratypes collected on Mar. 28 and 


_ Apr. 3, 1933; emerged May 30 and June 1, 1933. 


Host: Bred from dipterous gall on Ragweed (Ambrosia species). 
The gallmaker is believed to be a species of Trypetidae. 

Additional hosts records include Trypeta (=Callachna) gibba Loew, 
and 7. (=Aciurina) notata Coquillett. 

Distribution: Eastern half of the United States, from Illinois, Ohio, 


and Indiana, south to Louisiana and west to Texas and New Mexico. 


Remarks: The most likely hosts of this new species seem to be dip- 
terous gallmakers of the family Trypetidae and Ortalidae. 

This species differs from E. tylodermatis and E. pint in having a 
broader, shallow, concave propodeum with a wider median furrow that 
is indicated dorsally only; in other specimens the median furrow may be 
lacking entirely, and the surface may be covered with fine, even punc- 
tations dorsally and irregular horizontal ridges ventrally; postmar- 
ginal vein is usually longer or equal in length to the marginal, seldom 
shorter; the extensive reticulation of the abdominal segments, es- 
pecially the sixth, which may be completely covered or reduced to a 
narrow band on the anterior half of the dorsal surface. 


54. Eurytoma terrea Bugbee 
Map 25 
Eurytoma terrea Bugbee, 1951, pp. 238-240.—Burks, 1958, p. 82. 


Types: 7 females. Holotype female in the U.S. National Museum. 
Paratypes in the Bugbee collection, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Ashland, Oreg. 

Distribution: Oregon. 

Host: Diplolepis polita (Ashmead) var. on Rosa species. 

Remarks: Additional characteristics that will help to define this 
species include: black tegula and scape; black infuscation on femora 
and tibiae of all legs; broad dorsal valves of the female genitalia that 
turn dorsally, anteriorly, only slightly with ventral valves, so that 
stylet arch is in a horizontal plane. 


490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


55. Eurytoma incerta Fullaway 


Map 16 


Eurytoma incerta Fullaway, 1912, pp. 274-282.—Bugbee, 1951, pp. 234-238 [re- 
description].—Peck, 1951, p. 576.—Burks, 1958, p. 81. 

Types: 4 females and 1 male in collection L.S.J.U. (lot 499, specimen 
23). Types could not be located under the above number and must 
be presumed lost. Neotypes: Junction City, Oreg., Apr. 9, 1920, 
from Diplolepis neglectus on Rosa species Kinsey collected. In addi- 
tion, there are 22 females and 20 males in the U.S. National Museum 
and in the Bugbee collection, Meadville, Pa. 

Neotype locality: Junction City, Oreg. 

Distribution: United States: Oregon, California. Canada: Sas- 
katchewan. 

Host: Diplolepis neglectus (Gillette) (=D. tuberculatriz (Cockerell)), 
D. polita (Ashmead) variety and D.t. descansonis Kinsey and Ayres, 
on Rosa species. 

Subspecies: Description in Bugbee, 1951. Eurytoma incerta varia 
Bugbee. California. 

Host: Diplolepis tuberculator descansonis Kinsey and Ayres. 

Remarks: Diplolepis neglectus galls are indicated as being modified 
inquiline inhabited galls of D. tuberculatriz (Kinsey and Ayres, 1922). 
The actual host then is an unknown inquiline cynipid species rather 
than the true gallmaker. 

Eurytoma incerta is the equivalent of /. acuta of the east. It runs 
smaller in all its measurements, the propodeal median furrow is 
narrower and deeper, and the scape of the antenna is most often 
all black. 


56. Eurytema stigmi Ashmead 


Map 26 
Eurytoma stigmi Ashmead, 1895, p. 271.—Peck, 1951, p. 578. 


Types: Type series consists of 2 females and 3 males, no. 25507, 
U.S. National Museum. One female specimen is labelled and des- 
ignated as lectotype. 

Type locality: Los Angeles, Calif. 

Distribution: United States: California, Oregon. 

Host: Stigmus inordinatus Fox (Ashmead, 1895). 

Remarks: See E. tomict. 


57. Eurytoma sciromatis Bugbee 


Eurytoma sciromatis Bugbee, 1962, pp. 346, 347. 


Types: 10 females and 5 males. Holotype female and allotype 
male in the U.S. National Museum. Paratypes in the Bugbee 
collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 


no. 3883 +~=CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 491 





Type locality: Watson, La. Holotype collected Feb. 23, 1962, 
by S. J. Barras. 

Paratypes collected Feb. 23 and Mar. 14, 1960 by S. J. Barras. 

Host: Bred from cankers on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and slash 
pine (P. elliotti) caused by Cronartium fusiforme. 

Distribution: United States: Louisiana and Georgia. 

Remarks: The exact host relationships of this species are not known 


(see discussion, Bugbee, 1962). 


58. Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashmead 


Figure 30; Map 25 


 Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashmead, 1896, p. 218.—Gahan, 1932, p. 738 [places 


Bruchophagus herrerae Ashmead as synonym of FE. tylodermatis].—Pierce, 
1907, pp. 39-44; 1908a, pp. 1-53; 1908b, pp. 117-122; 1908d, pp. 380-396.— 
Chittenden, 1908, pp. 29-32; 1911, pp. 85-93.—Cushman, 1911, pp. 489- 
510.—Pierce, Cushman, and Hood, 1912, pp. 9-99 [list of weevil hosts].— 
Dickerson and Weiss, 1920, pp. 32-74.—Myers, 1927, pp. 241-244.— Fenton 
and Dunham, 1929, pp 66—-68.—Parker and Lamerson, 1934, pp. 90-95.— 
Putman, 1935, pp. 105-109.—Beacher, 1947, pp. 530-544.—Peck, 1951, p. 579. 
Bruchophagus herrerae Ashmead, 1902, p. 324. 

Female: Black. Length averages 3.9 mm. (3.6-4.8). Abdomen, 
from the side, narrowly oval or conical; lateral compression slight; 
averaging 2.2 mm. (1.8-2.6) in length; sixth segment long, averaging 
.78 mm. (.70-.90) at widest point; sculpturing on lateral surface of 
sixth tergum heavy ventrally, continues dorsally for about one-half 
to two-thirds of surface and then fades out so that dorsal surface is 
smooth and shiny. Valves of ovipositor usually in line with the hori- 
zontal axis of abdomen. Ninth tergum short to moderately elongate, 
broad and somewhat bluntly pointed; averaging .19 mm. (.12-.25) in 
length. Internal genitalia with very little dorsal extension of valves 
anteriorly ; dorsal valves mediumly broad for horizontal length turning 
dorsally with ventral valves at much less than a right angle; stylet 
arch in a horizontal to oblique plane; whole structure averages 1.5 mm. 
(1.4-1.8) in length and .75 mm. (.62-.87) in height; thus height is half 
of length or length equal to about twice the height. Tegula black. 
Propodeum with a wide, shallow concavity and a narrow and deep, to 
wide and shallow, usually complete median furrow; furrow widest at 
top and narrows ventrally; lateral areas with rough punctations be- 
tween fine irregular ridges; median carina in furrow in upper one- 
third to one-half only; lateral carinae usually discernible to base. 
Antenna filiform; the scape all yellow or dark brown to black except 
yellow base; flagellum often with segments one to five longer than 
wide, moniliform, or segments four and five may be almost square; 
segment six separated from seven by a distinct annulation but not as 
truncate as proximal segments; whole structure appears short and 


492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 | 


stocky. Legs may have dark brown to black infuscation on all femora 
and tibiae or may be all yellowish brown; most often some infuscation | 
medially on hindfemora and tibiae; all coxae black or deep reddish | 
brown. Wing veins yellow to yellowish brown; marginal linear to 
about twice the width of postmarginal; marginal averages .36 mm. _ 
(.30-.42) and postmarginal averages .28 mm. (.22-.37) in length; 
thus marginal is always longer than postmarginal; stigmal club small | 
and more or less rectangular in shape. 

Males: Black. Length averages 3.4 mm. (38.0-4.0). Scape of 
antenna most often black; less often base of scape with varying | 
amounts of yellow or yellowish brown. Legs variable; may be black 
to dark-brown infuscation on all femora and tibiae; less often infusca- 
tion on hindfemora only or legs all yellowish brown. Wing veins | 
brown to brownish yellow; marginal vein averages .33 mm. (.27-.37) 
and postmarginal averages .24 mm. (.20-.27) in length. 

Types: Lectotype female and allotype male, USNM 25503, Agri- | 
culture rearing number 113203. One additional female with Agri- | 
culture number 113202 in the U.S. National Museum collection, 
Washington, D.C. The first female cited above is labelled and desig- 
nated as lectotype. Additional specimens used in connection with the 
redescription include 89 females and 29 males also in the U.S. National 
Museum collection. 

Type locality: Rosslyn, Va., F. H. Chittenden. 

Host: From the larva of Tyloderma foveolatum Say. 

Distribution: Canada and the eastern two-thirds of the United 
States, Ontario, south to South Carolina and Louisiana and west to 
Texas and Arizona. 

Remarks: In 1896 Ashmead described Eurytoma tylodermatis as a 
parasite of the ‘larva of a beetle, Tyloderma foveolatum Say.’? Addi- 
tional determinations during the succeeding years have raised the 
number of hosts of E. tylodermatis to 56 or more (Peck, 1951, im 
Muesebeck et al., U.S. Dept. Agric. Monogr., no. 2). 

This is due in part to Ashmead’s description which is so general that 
it encompasses many species of the genus Hurytoma. Furthermore, 
his description was based on two females and one male specimen only, 
which was not enough material to give an adequate picture of the 
range and limits of variation of the species. 

In 1951 the U.S. National Museum loaned me all the specimens 
which had been accumulating in their collection of Hymenoptera for 
many years under the label of LE. tylodermatis. A study was made of 
the material plus specimens in my own collection amounting alto- 
gether to about 4000 individuals. Even this number was not enough 
to give an adequate picture of the geographical distribution, or the 
range of variation of the several species in the complex. Many 





xo. 3533  CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 493 


collections consisted of only one or two specimens. Too often the 


host was not indicated or only the host plant was named from which 
the parasite was bred. Exact relationships of host and parasite, 
therefore, were impossible to determine in many cases. 


The results of this study must be considered as only tentative. 
The need for more material from additional localities, plus more 
exact determinations of host relationships, will lead to clearer defini- 


tions of the species of the complex in the future. Nevertheless the 
importance of these parasites, occurring as they do on many hosts 


of economic importance, makes it necessary to make some attempt to 


put the classification of the parasites on a more realistic basis. The 


redescription is based on the holotype female, allotype male, and an 


additional series of 7 females in the U.S. National Museum collection, 


Washington, D.C. 

This species has its closest affinities with the Eurytoma pim, E. 
diastrophi, and E. bolteri group of species. The whole complex is 
probably associated with the larvae of weevils and small moths that 


live in stems of various species of plants. They act as either primary 


or secondary parasites. Hosts listed for the specimens of E. tyloder- 
matis examined include: Trichobaris texana, which is reported to 
occur in stems of Solanum rostratum; Lizus scrobicollis in stems of 
Ambrosia trifida (Pierce, 1908 a, b, and c; Pierce, Cushman and Hood, 
1912); Tyloderma foveolatum in the stems of Oenothera biennis; Mom- 


pha eloisella also in stems of O. bienmas. Additional possibilities 


reported in the literature include Trichobaris trinotata in Solanum 


 carolinense (Chittenden, 1911) and Lizus musculus, in Polygonum 
 pennsylvanicum (Pierce, 1907); Coleophora malivorella and Tricho- 


baris rostratum. 


59. Eurytoma gossypii, new species 
Map 26 


Female: Black. Length averages 4.2 mm. (3.84.6). Abdomen 
plump and oval in lateral view; averages 2.2 mm. (1.9-2.4) in length; 
long sixth abdominal segment averages .68 mm. (.62-.75); surface 
of sixth covered by fine shallow pitting which covers all of lateral 
surface for lower half to three-fourths, then sculpturing recedes 
toward anterior margin and may continue over dorsal surface in a 
narrow band. Ninth tergum, mediumly long and pointed; averages 
26 mm. in length (.25-.30); anterior half naked and with finely 
shagreened or smooth surface; posterior half with shallow pits and 
covered with white pile. Internal genitalia average 2.1 mm. in 
length; in height 1.2 mm.; anterior expanded plate of dorsal valves 
averages .20 mm. in width at widest point; dorsal and ventral valves 
bend dorsally, anteriorly, at about a right angle and stylet arch is in 


494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


an oblique plane; dorsal valves broad for posterior two-thirds. 
Propodeum narrow; deeply concave; median furrow, if present, wide 
and indicated in upper one-quarter to one-third only; lateral surfaces 
roughly pitted and center crossed by fine horizontal irregular carinae; 
flat carina across top center bends ventrolaterally; shallow rectangular 
depression at base. Tegula black to dark brown. Antenna with 
the outer face of scape yellowish brown; whole structure short and 
stocky; segments truncate on distal ends; first segment longer than 
wide; two to five almost square; last three closely fused to form a 
bluntly pointed terminal unit. Legs reddish brown on base of 
forefemora and reddish brown to black medially on hindfemora; 
apices yellow; tibiae yellowish brown. Wing veins light yellow and 
thin; marginal and postmarginal veins usually equal in length; 
marginal averages .29 mm. (.27-.32); postmarginal averages .29 mm. 
(.25-.35). 

Male: Black. Length averages 3.0 mm. (2.6-3.5). Scape usually 
with lower half yellowish brown and upper half black or dark brown; 
antenna with first five segments pedicellate; six and seven closely 
united; first segment longer than wide and covered with long hairs; 
two to five shorter, though still slightly longer than wide and each 
with two whorls of long hairs. Legs with dark brown on all femora 
and tibiae; knees and apices yellowish brown. Wing veins yellow 
and marginal and postmarginal veins equal in length, marginal 
averages .26 mm. (.25-.27); postmarginal averages .26 mm. (.25-.30). 

Types: 6 females and 5 males. Holotype female and allotype male 
in the U.S. National Museum (USNM 66059). Paratypes in Bugbee 
collection, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Arlington, Tex. Holotype female collected Aug. 6, 
1908, by F. C. Bishop. Male and female paratypes bred Aug. 14-21, 
1908. 

Distribution: Its range will probably correspond to that of its host 
Anthonomus grandis, the cotton-boll weevil, although this study 
included specimens from Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana only. 
Fenton and Dunnam (1929) record a species determined as LE. tyloder- 
matis, which could be this species, from Florence, 8.C., and Pierce, 
Cushman and Hood (1912) list #. tylodermatis as a cotton-boll weevil 
parasite from Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas, and Mexico. 

Host: Parasite of Anthonomus grandis Boheman, the cotton-boll 
weevil. 

Remarks: This species seems to be close to E. pini in the equal 
length of the marginal and postmarginal veins, the fine pitting on the 
surface of segment 6 of the abdomen, which extends as a narrow band 
over the anterodorsal surface, and the short, stocky antenna with 
segments 2 to 5 approximately square. 





NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 495 


It may be distinguished from EL. pini by the broad dorsal valves of 
the female genitalia; the narrower, more deeply depressed propodeum; 


lack of brown infuscation on the yellowish tibiae; and the shorter but 
- equal lengths of the marginal and postmarginal veins. 


The importance of this parasite in reducing the number of the 


_ boll weevils is considerable. Fenton and Dunnam (loc. cit.) found it 


third in importance to Microbracon mellitor (Say) and Catolaccus 
hunteri Crawford, at Florence, S.C. Pierce (1910) believes that it 


occurs most often as a primary, ectoparasite of the larvae of A. 


grandis. He also believed (Pierce 1908a) that this species, which he 


_ knew as L. tylodermatis, had several alternate hosts including Lizus 
_ scrobicollis in the stems of Ambrosia trifida. In several ways this 


species is close to H. tylodermatis which has been bred from L. scrobi- 


—eollis, but the characteristics listed above will separate them. L. 


scrobicollis is a native weevil while the cotton-boll weevil was intro- 
duced from Central America, and it seems to be almost exclusively 
confined to cotton as its host. Furthermore, the weevil passes 
through 3 to 5 generations a year thus providing ample stages for the 
parasite to oviposite on, and a need for alternate hosts seems quite 
unlikely. 

The sex ratio favors the females, as Pierce (1908b) found the per- 
centage of males in his rearings to be 35.4%. Pierce, Cushman, and 


_ Hood (1912) report a sex ratio of 64.9% females to 35.1% males. 


60. Eurytoma squamosa, new species 
Figure 20; Map 27 


Female: Mostly black. Averages 2.2 mm. (2.0-2.6) in length. 
Abdomen oval from a lateral view and quite plump; averaging 1.1 mm. 
(1.0-1.3) in length; terga two through eight heavily sculptured 
laterally, becoming lighter over dorsal surface; sixth tergum, laterally 
and dorsally as long or longer than four and five combined; ninth 
tergum short and stubby, averaging .08 mm. (.07—.10) in length. 
Internal genitalia short and widely spread; average 1.3 mm. (1.2—1.5) 
in length and .65 mm. (.57—.75) in height; thus the height is equal to 
half the length; dorsal valves broad for horizontal length and black; 
dorsal and ventral valves turn dorsally, anteriorly, only slightly at 
much less than a right angle; stylet arch in a horizontal plane. Pro- 
podeum concavity broad, wide and shallow; median furrow indicated 
dorsally by barely discernible lateral carinae that converge and fade 
out entirely about the middle of propodeum; area below median 
furrow and lateral areas finely and evenly punctate with a few fine 
horizontal ridges among punctations. Tegula dark brown to black. 
Scape of antenna black or yellow; pedicle not less than three-quarters 
the length of the first funicle joint, that is, slightly longer than wide; 


496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


rest of funicle joints approximately square. Legs with black to dark- 
brown infuscation on all femora and tibiae, except yellow foretibiae in 
afew. Wing veins brownish yellow; marginal vein broad, especially 
toward distal end; postmarginal vein linear; marginal vein only 
slightly longer, averaging .19 mm. (.17—.22) in length, than the post- 
marginal which averages .17 mm. (.17-.20). 

Male: Mostly black. Averages 1.8 mm. (1.7-1.9) in length. 
Abdomen with fine sculpturing over entire surface. Legs with black 
infuscation on all femora and tibiae. Scape of antenna black; flagel- 
lum with five pedicellate segments and a terminal unit of two closely 
fused segments. Wing veins brown; marginal vein broad, averaging 
.19 mm. and postmarginal averages .16 mm. in length. 

Types: 49 females and 3 males. Holotype female, allotype 
male, and paratypes in the U.S. National Museum collection (USNM 
66060). Paratypes in Bugbee collection, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Ventura County, Calif. Holotype female collected 
Jan. 11, 1941, lot 41-594. Paratypes collected Jan. 11, 1941, lot 
41-594, from Pleasanton, Calif. 

Distribution: United States: California, Idaho, Washington. 

Host: Bred from seeds of Ceanothus divaricatus. 

Additional host species: C. thyraiflorus, C. cordulatus, C. velutinus, 
and C. sanguineus. 

Remarks: This new species is apparently phytophagous within the 
seeds of several species of Ceanothus. It seems to be closely related to 
the phytophagous seed infesting species (Hurytoma rhois Crosby and — 
EH. seminis Bugbee) in sumac. The sixth abdominal tergum that is | 
longer than four and five combined, and the short stubby ninth tergum, | 
averaging .08 mm. in length will distinguish this species from EF. — 
seminis, while the plump abdomen with the more extensive sculpturing 
of the sixth tergum will separate it from EF. rhovs. 


61. Eurytoma calycis Bugbee 


Map 27 
Eurytoma calycis Bugbee, 1961, pp. 33, 34.—Thomas and Herdy, 1961, pp. 34-39. 


Types: 27 females and 28 males. Holotype female, allotype male, 
and paratypes in the collection of the Canada Department of Agri- 
culture, Ottawa, Canada. Paratypes in the Bugbee collection, 
Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Black Sturgeon Lake, Ontario, Canada. Emerged 
July 2, 1958, J. B. Thomas collection, vial 4, no. 6, lot 59-153. Para- 
type specimens from the same locality, collected by J. B. Thomas on 
June 13, 1956, 2 females and 2 males; July 2, 1956, 1 female; emerged 
June 4-25 and July 2-4, 1958, 24 females and 11 males; June 1958, 


No. 3538 ~=CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 497 


15 males. All specimens except those collected in 1956 from vial 4 or 
5, nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; lot 59-153. 

Distribution: Canada: Ontario. 

Host: Phytophagous in the buds of jack pine (Pinus banksiana). 

Remarks: This species is close to EH. squamosa in its size relation- 
ships, short ninth tergum, sculpturing of the abdomen, color of the 
legs, and phytophagous habit. It differs, however, in the shallow, 
complete median furrow and the rougher sculpturing of the lateral 
areas, the more dorsally produced female genitalia, and the different 
host. 





62. Eurytoma pini Bugbee 


| Map 27 
| Eurytoma pint Bugbee, 1958b, pp. 197—200.—Watson and Arthur, 1959, pp. 478- 
| 484.—Miller, 1959a, pp. 768, 769. 

Types: Holotype female, allotype, and paratypes in the USS. 
National Museum (USNM 66025). Paratypes in the Bugbee col- 
lection, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Washington, D.C., A. D. Hopkins collection. 

Host: Rhyaciona rigidiana (Fernald), R. buoliana (Schiffermiiller), 
and R. frustrana (Comstock) on Pinus sylvestris and P. banksiana. 
Additional hosts from labels on determined specimens in the U.S. 
National Museum and Bugbee collections: Acrobasis rubrifasciella 
(Peck). Hucosoma scudderrana Clemens. Pectinophora gossypiella 
(Saunders). Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth). Epiblema 
strenuana (Walker). Cremastus cookii Weed. 

Distribution: Throughout the pine-growing regions of Canada 
and the United States from southern Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, 
Saskatchewan, and British Columbia south to Maryland, Virginia, 
Missouri, and Nebraska. 

Remarks: For more complete details of host relationships, see 
Bugbee (1958). This important parasite has been confused for many 
years with LHurytoma tylodermatis Ashmead. It differs from LE. 
tylodermatis, however, in averaging larger (4.5 mm.) ; presence of more 
extensive sculpturing on the sixth abdominal tergum; longer ninth 
tergum (averaging .28 mm.); narrow horizontal portion of the dorsal 
valves and the lack of a well-defined, complete median furrow on the 
propodeum. 

63. Eurytoma baccae, new species 
FIGurRE 26; Map 28 

Female: Black. Averages in length 3.2 mm. (3.0-3.7). Abdomen 
oval; lateral compression medium; abdomen averages in length 1.8 
mm. (1.6—2.5); sixth segment averages .57 mm. (.50—.62); three- 


quarters of its lateral surface covered with fine, shallow punctations 
219-931—67__5 


498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


which recede dorsally toward anterior margin and continue over 
dorsal surface in a narrow band; ninth abdominal segment elongate 
and sharply pointed, averaging .20 mm. (.17—.22) in length. Internal 
genitalia dorsally extended, anteriorly, so that both dorsal and ventral 
valves turn dorsad at approximately a right angle in relation to 
horizontal length; stylet arch in an oblique plane or halfway between 
a horizontal and vertical plane; dorsal valves not broad, mediumly 
narrow for horizontal length; whole structure averages 1.6 mm. 
(1.5-1.7) in length, 1.1 mm. (1.0-1.1) in height. Propodeum con- 
cave; faint, wide median furrow sometimes indicated by lateral 
carinae in dorsal half only or often lacking; lateral areas irregularly 
punctate and ridged. Tegula black. Scape variable, all black or 
dark brown except base, or outer face all yellowish brown; flagellum 
short and stocky; first segment longer than wide; segments two to 
five becoming progressively shorter so that five is approximately 
square; six to eight closely grouped, although six is separated from 
seven by a shallow annulation; flagellum same diameter throughout 
length, and segments one to five truncate distally. Legs with black 
to dark brown on all femora and tibiae except sometimes yellowish 
brown foretibiae; knees and apices yellowish brown. Wing veins 
yellow and narrow to linear; marginal either longer than postmarginal 
or equal to it in length; marginal averages .27 mm. (.25-.32) in 
length and postmarginal averages .24 mm. (.22~.25); stigmal club 
small and rectangular in shape. 

Male: No males in the type series. Two male specimens from 
Glen Burnie, Md., appear to belong to this series. 

Types: 4 females. Holotype female and paratypes in the US. 
National Museum collection (USNM 66061); additional paratypes 
(3 females and 2 males) in the Bugbee collection, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Wathena, Kans., emerged July 3-11, 1939, P.G. 
Lamerson collection. 

Distribution: United States: Kansas, Maryland. 

Host: Parasite (external on larvae) of the Strawberry Leafroller 
(Ancylis comptana (Frolich)), and hyperparasite (?) of Cremastus 
cookii Weed, a primary parasite of the Strawberry Leafroller. 

Remarks: This species can be distinguished from FE. pina by its more 
dorsally produced genitalia that turn dorsad anteriorly, at almost a 
right angle; its smaller size; shorter marginal and postmarginal veins; 
and the short, stocky antenna with the segments of the flagellum 
truncate distally. 

The host is a native of Europe; it was introduced into the United 
States and is now quite widespread. According to Peairs and David- 
son (1956, p. 495) it is ‘present over a large part of the United States, 
from the Mississippi Valley eastward.” 





No. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 499 


64. Eurytoma rhois Crosby 
Map 28 


Eurytoma rhois Crosby, 1909, p. 52; 1909, pp. 369, 385-388.—Gahan, 1922, 
p. 42.—Bridwell, 1923, p. 262.—Bugbee, 1939, pp. 415-427; 1941, p. 101.— 
Peck, 1951, p. 578. 


Types: Female holotype and male allotype, plus paratypes, in the 


collection of Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 


Type locality: Ithaca, N.Y. 

Distribution: United States: New York, Washington, D.C., Penn- 
sylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Tennessee, Arkansas, Missouri, Louisiana, 
Kansas, and Michigan. 

Host: Phytophagous in the seeds of sumac, Rhus typhina, R. glabra, 
and R. copallina. 

Remarks: This widespread species occurs wherever its host, sumac 
species, are found. The oval abdomen with the sixth tergum equal in 
length to four and five combined, the reduced sculpturing on the 
lateral surface of the sixth, and its smaller size, will help to differentiate 
this species from FE. seminis Bugbee. 


65. Eurytoma levo, new species 


Map 29 


Female: Black. Length averages 3.3 mm. (2.5-3.8). Abdomen 
averages 2.0 mm. (1.7—2.4) in length; plump with slight lateral com- 
pression; laterally and ventrally dark brown to rufous, shiny black 
dorsally only; oval from a lateral and dorsal view; sculpturing limited 
to lower half of segment six or less. Ninth tergum short and broad, 
averaging .15 mm. (.12-.17) in length. Internal genitalia with the 
dorsal valves mediumly narrow for horizontal length or the length of 
the exposed portion of the ninth tergum is about two-thirds the width 
of the dorsal valves at their widest point; dorsal and ventral valves 
turn dorsally, anteriorly, at less than aright angle; stylet arch oblique; 
whole structure averages 1.6 mm. (1.5-1.7) in length and 1.0 mm. 
(.09-1.1) in height; thus height averages 62 percent of the length. 
Tegula dark brown. Propodeum broad; shallowly depressed; wide 
median furrow indicated dorsally by lateral carinae for about one-half 
or less of length; surface of furrow crossed by irregular horizontal 
ridges; deep pit absent at base of propodeum; lateral areas narrow; 
dorsal carina flat across top of furrow. Antenna filiform, with the 
scape yellowish brown and flagellum dark brown; segments of funicle 
moniliform, longer than wide; legs with dark-brown to black infusca- 
tion on all femora; dark brown on middle of mid- and hindtibiae and 
often on foretibiae; knees and apices yellow and foretibiae may be also; 
medial and outer faces of forecoxae may be yellowish brown. Wing 


500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


veins yellow; marginal broader than postmarginal; marginal averages | 


.26 mm. (.25-.30) and postmarginal averages .26 mm. (.22-.30) in 
length; thus marginal and postmarginal often equal in length; stigmal 
club small and rectangular in shape. 

Males: There are only two males in the series that are curled up 
so that a true measurement of their length cannot be made. Probably 
averages 2.18 mm. in length. Abdomen shiny black to very deep 
brown. Tegula dark brown. Scape of antenna black except base 
which may be yellowish brown. Legs with black or dark brown on 
all femora and tibiae; apices and knees yellowish brown. Wing veins 
much the same as in the female; marginal averages .25 mm. and post- 
marginal .23 mm. in length. 

Types: 6 females and 2 males. Holotype female, allotype male, 
and paratypes in the U.S. National Museum (USNM 66062); para- 
types in Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: King and Queen Co., Va. Collected June 5 and 8, 
1940. L. A. Hetrick collection. 

Distribution: United States: Known only from Virginia. 

Host: Parasite of pine xyelid gall. 

Remarks: The marginal vein is broader than the linear post- 
marginal and the two veins are most often equal in length. The female 
genitalia are short in relation to the height and the dorsal valves are 
narrow for their horizontal length. Scape and tegula are yellowish 
brown. 

66. Eurytoma crassineura Ashmead 


Mar 29 
Eurytoma crassineura Ashmead, 1894, p. 324.—Schedl, 1932, pp. 1, 2.—Peck, 
1951, p. 576. 

Types: U.S. National Museum no. 25508. Type series consists of 
6 females and 3 males of which 1 female has been labeled and desig- 
nated as lectotype. 

Type locality: Morgantown, W. Va. from Scolytus rugulosus Ratze- 
burg. 

Distribution: United States: Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Wash- 
ington, D.C., New York, North Carolina, Idaho, Oregon, Colorado. 
Canada: Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia. 

Host: Scolytid larvae in plum, cherry, and apple (Ashmead, 1894). 
Scolytus rugulosus Ratzeburg in peach (Ashmead, 1894). Magdalis 
armicollis Say in elm (record from U.S. National Museum collection). 

Remarks: The rectangular-shaped abdomen, very broad dorsally, 
with the long sixth abdominal tergum that often covers the seventh 
tergum and that lacks sculpturing except at the extreme ventral, 
anterior edge, help to distinguish this species. In addition, the 


| 


; 


| 


No. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 501 


slightly longer petiole that has its width about equal to its length, 
the broad postmarginal vein that is usually twice the length of the 
marginal, the very weakly developed female genitalia with wide- 
spread and broad dorsal valves, and the stylet arch in a horizontal 
plane make this species quite distinct. 


67. Eurytoma parva Phillips 
Maes 30, 35 


Eurytoma bolterit var. parva Phillips, 1918, pp. 11, 14—Gahan, 1933, pp. 1-147. 
Eurytoma bolteri Riley parva Girault, 1920, pp. 207, 208. 

Eurytoma parva Phillips, 1927, pp. 743-758. 

Eurytoma boltert parva Peck, 1951, p. 575. 

Types: Female holotype and 5 female paratypes in the U.S. National 
Museum, no. 23779. 

Type locality: Warrenton, Va. Emerged 1917, W. J. Phillips 
collection, Webster no. 9350. 

Distribution: United States: New York, Virginia, Indiana, Kansas, 
Ohio, Washington, D.C., Pennsylvania. Canada: Alberta, Saskatch- 
ewan. 

Host: Harmolita tritici (Fitch) on wheat (Phillips, 1918 and 1927). 
Lepidopterous galls on Solidago (Girault, 1920). 

Additional hosts: Cephus cinctus (Department of Agriculture collec- 
tion, Ottawa, Canada). 

Remarks: This species has never had a full description published. 
Phillips (1918) published a picture but did not give a description 
because he was using a manuscript name given the species by Girault. 
Girault’s paper (1920) was delayed in publication and does not 
contain a description either but merely a reference to some specimens 
from Youngstown, Ohio, Front Royal, Va., Holliday, Utah, and 
Waterloo, N.Y., with a few notes on scape color, wing vein length, 
and on variation in the median channel of the propodeum. Thus 
the species is credited to Phillips. I have been unable to discover 
all the specimens that Girault mentions, but the three females from 
Falls Church, Va. (R. A. Cushman collection) from lepidopteran 
galls on Solidago have been determined by me as Eurytoma bolteri 
Riley. The type specimens in the U.S. National Museum, collected 
by Phillips, are quite different from E. bolteri. On the basis stated 
above, I doubt that E. parva has been bred from lepidopterous galls 
on Solidago as stated in Girault’s paper. 

In the description of Eurytoma atripes, Gahan (1933) points out that 
E. atripes and E. parva are very similar. He further suggests that the 
two species may be one and the same. He separates the two on the 
basis of the smaller size and the shorter funicle joints of EF. atripes. 


502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Both species are bred from wheat, but E. atripes parasitizes Hessian 
fly puparia (Phytophaga destructor (Say)) and E. parva destroys 
larvae of the wheat jointworm (Harmolita tritici (Fitch)). There are 
also records of both species having been bred from the larvae of the 
wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton). FE. atripes, so far as I 
have been able to determine, has never been observed emerging from 
H. tritici larvae. Until suitable life-history studies are made that 
show that these two species of Hurytoma are either restricted to distinct 
hosts or will parasitize the same hosts, it seems best to treat them as 
two good species. 

E. parva displays an additional characteristic that can be used to 
separate it from F. atripes. The propodeum has a wider median 
furrow with lateral and median carinae that extend ventrally about 
three-fourths the length of the propodeum before fading out. Below 
the furrow the surface is finely punctate. 


68. Eurytoma fusca, new species 
Map 30 


Female: Black. Length averages 2.1 mm. (1.8-2.9); abdomen 
plump; oval from a lateral view and with some lateral compression; 
length averages 1.4 mm. (1.2-1.6); sixth abdominal segment at 
longest point averages .47 mm. (.40-.55); fine pitting limited to lower 
anterior quarter of lateral surface of sixth; surface of rest of segment 
smooth; ninth abdominal segment short but sharply pointed, averaging 
in length .15 mm. (.12-.17). Internal geintalia short and weakly 
developed dorsally, anteriorly; dorsal valves narrow for horizontal 
length and bend dorsally at less than a right angle anteriorly; stylet 
arch in an oblique plane but only a little above a horizontal plane; 
whole structure averages 1.4 mm. in length, .73 mm. in height, and 
expanded dorsal extension of ventral valves averages .12 mm. in width. 
Propodeum only slightly depressed to flat; median furrow absent or 
indicated in upper one-half only; surface finely punctate; slightly 
arched dorsal carinae curves ventrally for about one-third length of 
propodeum and then fades out or turns laterally. Scape of antenna 
most often with outer face black to dark brown, except yellowish- 
brown base; less often lower half yellowish brown; rest black to dark 
brown; segments of flagellum slightly longer than wide; first the 
longest, two to five about equal, six to eight closely fused as a terminal 
unit. Legs most often with black to dark brown on all femora and 
tibiae; knees and apices yellowish brown; less often foretibiae all 
yellowish brown. 'Tegula often deep reddish brown. Wing veins 
straw yellow; marginal longer than postmarginal; marginal averages 





NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 503 


.24 mm. (.20-.27) and postmarginal averages .18 mm. (.17—.20) in 
length. 

Male: Black. Averages 1.6 mm. (1.1—2.1) in length. Scape with 
_ outer face black to dark brown. Black to dark brown on all femora 
and tibiae of legs, except for knees and apices which are yellowish 
brown. Wing veins light yellow; marginal averages .23 mm. (.20-.27) 
and postmarginal averages .18 mm. (.15-.22) in length. 

Types: 8 females and 6 males. Holotype female, allotype male, 
and paratypes in U.S. National Museum (USNM 66063). Paratype 
specimens in the Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Crown Point, N.Y., July 19, 1934, O. H. Hammer 
— collection. 

Distribution: United States: New York, Kansas, Washington. 

Host: Bred from apple curculio material, Tachypterellus quadri- 
gibbus (Say), T. q. magnus List, and T. consors Dietz. 

Remarks: This species is close to Hurytoma mali, new species, but 
can be separated from it by its much smaller size, more black to 
dark-brown infuscation on the legs, and the shallower more uniformly 
punctate propodeum. 

It is probably a primary parasite of the apple curculio. Specimens 
which were determined as Hurytoma tylodermatis have been shown by 
Parker and Lamerson (1934) and Hammer (1936) to be external para- 
sites of the larvae, pupae, and occasionally adults of T.q. magnus List 
and T’. quadrigibbus (Say). Although this smaller species is bred from 
the Apple Curculio along with E. mali, and both species occurred in 
the same series, they can be easily separated by the characteristics 
mentioned above. 


69. Eurytoma iniquus Bugbee 
Map 31 
Eurytoma iniquus Bugbee, 1951, pp. 253, 254.—Burks, 1958, p. 81. 

Types: Holotype female and allotype male in the U.S. National 
Museum, Washington, D.C. (USNM 61235). Paratypes in the 
Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Manitou, Colo. 

Distribution: United States: Colorado. 

Host: Diplolepis neglecta (Gillette) (=D. tuberculatrix) on Rosa 
species. 

Remarks: The short ninth tergum averaging .15 mm. in length, 
combined with the broad marginal vein in contrast to the linear post- 
marginal, and the narrow dorsal valves that turn at right angles 
dorsally, anteriorly, with the ventral valves so that the stylet arch is 
vertical, help to characterize this species. 


504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 118 


70. Eurytoma flavicrurensa Bugbee 


Map 31 
Eurytoma flavicrurensa Bugbee, 1951, pp. 258, 259.—Burks, 1958, p. 81. 

Types: Holotype female in the U.S. National Museum (USNM 
61238). Paratypes in the Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, 
Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Ashland, Oreg. 

Distribution: United States: Oregon. 

Host: Diplolepis polita (Ashmead) variety on Rosa species. 

Remarks: This species differs from other eurytomids from rose galls 
in the yellow legs including the fore and midcoxae. 


71. Eurytoma longavena Bugbee 


Map 35 
Eurytoma longavena Bugbee, 1951, pp. 249, 250.—Burks, 1958, p. 81. 

Types: 4 females and 3 males; holotype female, allotype male, and 
paratypes in the U.S. National Museum (USNM 61233). Paratypes 
in the Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Terrace, B. C., Canada. 

Distribution: Canada: British Columbia. 

Host: Diplolepis bicolor (Harris) subspecies on Rosa species. 

Remarks: The unusually long marginal vein that averages 1.4 times 
the length of the postmarginal and the long sixth tergum with the 
sculpturing reduced to the lower one-third of the lateral surface aid in 
differentiating this species. 


72. Eurytoma studiosa Say 


Map 32 


Eurytoma studiosa Say, 1836, pp. 272, 273.—Walsh, 1870, p. 299.—Ashmead, 
1887, p. 195.—Townsend, 1894, pp. 102—104.—Bridwell, 1899, pp. 203-211.— 
Triggerson, 1914, pp. 1-34.—Viereck, 1916, pp. 520, 521.—Peck, 1951, 
p. 578.—Bugbee, 1956, p. 505. 

Eurytoma succinipedis Ashmead, 1881, p. 31. 

Eurytoma lanulac Fitch, 1859, pp. 781-854. [New synonymy]. 


Female: Mostly black. Length averages 2.6 mm. (2.3-3.2). Ab- 
domen deep reddish brown to black; oval from a side view and broadly 
oval from a dorsal view indicating only slight lateral compression. 
Length of abdomen averages 1.3 mm. (1.3-1.5); long sixth segment 
equal to four and five combined and lateral surface finely scaled or 
pitted on lower half to one-third only. Ninth tergum mediumly 
elongate and pointed, averaging .13 mm. (.10-.17) inlength. Internal 
genitalia with the dorsal valves narrow or mediumly wide for hori- 
zontal length; dorsal and ventral valves turn dorsally, anteriorly at 
less than aright angle, and expanded plate of ventral valves bends only 
slightly posteriorly; stylet arch and fulcral plate in an oblique rather 


NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 505 


than a vertical plane; whole structure averages 1.5 mm. (1.4-1.9) in 
length and .98 mm. (.87—1.2) in height; thus the height averages about 
65% of the length. Thorax black or with a deep reddish-brown 
tinge. Tegula brown to black. May be a few weak striae on lower 
part of face. Propodeum shallowly concave with a wide median fur- 
row that may be complete to base; furrow may narrow toward base; 
central carina divides furrow into squares with largest at top; carina 
may be complete to base or fade out about halfway down; surface of 
squares shiny and smooth; large carinated pits dorsolateral to furrow; 
lateral areas with rough-pitted and ridged surfaces. Scape of antenna 
yellowish brown to black; flagellum distinctly 6-jointed; joints longer 
than wide but they become progressively shorter distally so fourth and 
fifth may be almost square. Legs with black or deep reddish-brown 
infuscation on all femora and mid- and hindtibiae or fore- and mid- 
legs yellow and hindlegs with infuscation only; coxae black or deep 
reddish brown. Wing veins yellow, linear; marginal always longer 
than postmarginal; averaging .29 mm. (.25-.37) in length and post- 
marginal averages .21 mm. (.17-.27); thus postmarginal is equal to 
about 72% of length of marginal. 

Male: Black. Averages 2.2 mm. (1.8-2.6) inlength. Tegula black 
or deep brown. Scape black or base may be yellow. Antenna with 
the flagellum seven segmented; first five segments truncate and pedi- 
cellate on distal ends and all about equal in length; six and seven 
closely applied together but separated by a shallow annulation. Legs 
with black infuscation on all femora and tibiae except forelegs in a 
few; coxae black. Petiole slightly longer than hindcoxa which aver- 
ages about 85 to 90% length of petiole. 

Neotype: Female, Bloomfield, Ind. Collected Oct. 18, 1936, 
by A. C. Kinsey; emerged May 5, 1937. In U.S. National Museum. 
In addition there are 18 female and 15 male specimens in the U.S. 
National Museum and in the Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, 
Meadville, Pa. 

Host: Neotypes from Acraspis pezomachoides (Osten Sacken) on 
Quercus alba, Kinsey determined. 

Range: The United States wherever oak occurs. 

Additional host records from specimens in the study collections 
include: Acraspis hirta, A. erinacei, A. macrocarpae, A. villosa, A. 
derivatus, A. ozark, A. gemmula, Andricus ignotus, A. cicatricula, 
A. flocci, Callirhytis elongata, C. clavula, C. seminator, Disholeaspis 
spongiosa, D. washingtonensis, D. quercus-globulus, D. succinipes. 

Remarks: The additional hosts indicated below were taken from 
the list compiled by Peck (1951, in Muesebeck et al., Monogr., no. 2, 
U.S. Dept. Agric.): 


219-931—67——_6 


506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Rhabdophaga batatus Walsh, PR. brassicoides Osten Sacken, R. cornuta 
Walsh, &. strobiloides Walsh, dipterous gall on Leptilon canadense, 
galls of Huura nodus Walsh, E. salicis-ovulum (Dalla Torre), E. per- 
turbans (Walsh), Nematus hospes (Walsh), Amphibolips spongifica 
(Osten Sacken), Callirhytis seminator (Harris), Diastrophus fragariae 
Beutenmuller, Dryocosmus palustris (Osten Sacken), Xanthoteras 
forticorne (Walsh), Mordellistena nigricans (Melsheimer) in galls of 
Eurosta solidaginis Fitch, Kuura orbitalis Norton, E. salicicola Smith, 
Phylloxera caryae-fallax Riley, P. c.-globuli Walsh, Lasioptera solida- 
ginis Osten Sacken. 

Eurytomid specimens from most of the above hosts were not en- 
countered in the various collections studied so that I can vouch for | 
only those detailed following the redescription of E. studiosa. 

The majority of hosts belong to the gall-making genera, Acraspis 
and Andricus of the family Cynipidae. 

E. studiosa is an extremely variable, wide ranging species with a wide 
selection of hosts. It probably contains several subspecies and might 
be separated into two or more species. The whole complex needs 
more detailed morphological and life-history studies so that accurate 
host data can be secured. | 

The original types of E. studiosa are believed lost. In the U.S. 
National Museum collection are several specimens determined by | 
Ashmead as this species from Jacksonville, Fla. However, they 
do not seem to fit the original description too well. The original 
description is rather meager and so generalized that it could be 
applied to any number of eurytomid species. In one respect, how- | 
ever, Say’s description is quite clear—that the color of the legs (ie., 
femora and tibiae) is dark, except for the “whitish” tarsi. This is 
not much to go on, but the specimens determined by Ashmead and © 
other specimens determined later by A. B. Gahan have yellow legs 
with at the most some light-brown infuscation on the femora and — 
tibiae, as well as yellowish-brown fore- and midcoxae. Say’s descrip- — 
tion also implies that the general coloration of the species is black. — 
Many of the specimens in the collection of the U.S. National Museum _ 
have brown abdomens, yellow to brownish scapes and tegulae. In 
addition, Say’s original specimens came from Indiana; and the neotype | 
specimens from Bloomfield, Ind., bred from Acraspis pezomachoides 
on Quercus alba, seem to come closer to Say’s description than any 
other material examined. 

Ashmead (1887) lists E. lanulae Fitch, FE. teredon Walker, E. pythes 
Walker, and £. boltert Riley as synonyms of E. studiosa. FE. boltert — 
Riley is a good species. I have been unable to check the two Walker | 
species, so they are not included. £. lanulae is represented in the 


| NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 507 


US. National Museum by a single female whose characteristics fall 
_ within the range of variation of I’. studiosa as limited in the revision. 


| 73. Eurytoma spongiosa Bugbee 
Map 33 
| Eurytoma spongiosa Bugbee, 1951, pp. 254—257.— Burks, 1958, p. 82. 
Types: 44 females and 16 males; holotype female, allotype male, 
and paratypes in the U.S. National Muesum (USNM 61236). Para- 
types in Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Bloomington, Ind. 

Distribution: United States: east of the Sierra Nevada mountains. 
Canada: Sasketchewan, Ontario. 
Host: Diplolepis rosae (Linneaus), D. dichlocera (Harris), and D. 
- tuberculator (Cockerell) on Rosa species. 
Subspecies: Hurytoma spongiosa curvavena Bugbee. Description, 
_ Bugbee (1951). Minnesota. Host: Diplolepis multispinosa (Gillette) 
_(USNM 61237). 

Remarks: FE. spongiosa is the eurytomid parasite bred from the 
common mossy rose gall (Diplolepis rosae (Linnaeus)) on wild rose. 
Its small oval abdomen with only slight lateral compression, short 
sixth abdominal tergum that is about the same length as the fifth, 
black tegula, and its weakly developed female genitalia, anteriorly, 
with the stylet arch in a horizontal plane are distinguishing character- 
istics in addition to those given in the key. 


71. Eurytoma obtusa, new species 
Figure 28; Map 31 


Female: Black. Length averages 3.3 mm. (3.0-4.1). Abdomen 
plump; slight lateral compression; averages 1.9 mm. (1.8—1.9) in 
length, first segment, in lateral view, rises abruptly almost straight 
dorsad from petiole before curving posteriorly. Sixth segment, viewed 
laterally or dorsally longer than segments four and five together; 
averages .74 mm. (.70—.80) in length; sculpturing on lateral surface 
of sixth covers lower half to three-fourths then recedes anteriorly; 
does not extend over dorsal surface; ninth abdominal segment short 
and stubby, averaging .13 mm. (.12—.15) in length; fringe of hairs 
limited to tip and along ventral margin, covering posterior third to 
quarter of segment; rest naked; cercus close to ventral margin and 
oval in outline. Internal genitalia averages 1.7 mm. (1.6—1.8) in 
length, .97 mm. (.95—1.0) in height, and anterior expanded plate of 
ventral valves averages .18 mm. (.17—.20) in width at widest point; 
whole structure short but sturdy; dorsal valves wide for horizontal 
length except just anterior to exposed tips; dorsal and ventral valves 
turn dorsally, anteriorly at less than a right angle; stylet arch in an 


508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


oblique plane. Propodeum depressed and with a narrow, shallow, 
but distinct median furrow; widest at top; lateral carinae converging 
immediately below two large rectangular depressions at top of furrow; 
lateral to rectangular depressions; leading lateroventrally, are three or 
four pentagonal- or hexagonal-sided pits; below these, rest of lateral 
areas covered with fine small pits. Tegula black. Scape of antenna 
all yellowish brown or with upper tip dark brown; segments one to 
five of flagellum longer than wide and moniliform; segment six closely 
applied to segment seven but separated by a distinct annulation; six 
to eight form terminal unit; flagellum filiform. Legs all yellowish 
brown except black coxae and white tarsi or may be dark brown on 
base of forefemora and medially on hindfemora; wing veins thin, 
yellow in color; marginal averages .31 mm. in length (.30-.37) and 
postmarginal averages .25 mm. (.22—.27); thus the marginal is always 
longer than the postmarginal. 

Male: Black. Averages 2.6 mm. (2.1-3.2) in length; scape of 
antenna with lower half to two-thirds yellowish brown, rest black; 
segments one to five pedicellate and slightly constricted; six separated 
from seven by a distinct annulation; all segments longer than wide; 
two to five with two whorls of long hairs. Legs light yellowish 
brown, except hindfemora which are brown or black medially; tarsi 
white. Marginal vein averages .29 mm. (.27—.32) in length and post- 
marginal averages .20 mm. (.20-.22). 

Types: 7 females and 5 males. Holotype female, allotype male, 
and paratypes in U.S. National Museum (USNM 66064). Paratypes 
in Bugbee collection, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Haddon Heights, N.J., collected Aug. 8, 1931, by 
L. J. Bottimer. 

Host: Bred from Bruchus brachialis Fahraeus in seeds of Vicia 
villosa (Hairy vetch). 

Distribution: The host weevil (B. brachialis) of this species was 
introduced from Europe into the United States and first discovered at 
Haddon Heights, N.J. in June 1930 (Pinckney, 1937). Bridwell and 
Bottimer (1933) give the distribution of the host as New Jersey, 
Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, and Virginia. Peairs (1947) 
and Peairs and Davidson (1956) add Georgia, and state that it has 
been ‘‘Trecorded in a limited area near Portland, Oregon, and in 
Washington.”’ The only parasite specimens that I have seen came 
from the type locality. 

Remarks: This species is close to EF. tylodermatis in size, length of 
abdomen, relation of length of marginal and postmarginal veins, 
genitalic, and antennal characteristics. It differs in possessing a 








NO. 3533  CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 509 


shorter ninth abdominal segment, a more dorsally arched and plumper 
abdomen, lighter colored scape of the antenna, and its range. 


75. Eurytoma imminuta Bugbee 


Map 31 


| Eurytoma imminuta Bugbee, 1951, pp. 259-260.—Burks, 1958, p. 81. 


Types: 9 females and 1 male, holotype female, allotype male, 


_ paratypes in the U.S. National Museum (USNM 61239). Paratypes 


in Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Pyramid Lake, Nev. 

Distribution: United States: Nevada, Utah, Oregon. 

Host: Diplolepis variabilis (Bassett) variety on Rosa puberulenta. 

Remarks: Although close to E. spongiosa, this species can be sep- 
arated by its very short dorsal valves (ninth tergum) that average 
10 mm. (.07-.12) in length, and the narrow and deep, complete 
median furrow on the propodeum. 


76. Eurytoma bolteri Riley 
Map 34 


Eurytoma boltert Riley, 1869, p. 177.—Viereck, 1916, p. 521 [emendation].— 
Ashmead, 1887, p. 195.—Bridwell, 1899, pp. 203-211.—Leiby, 1922, pp. 
81-94.—Barber, 1938, pp. 173-176.—Peck, 1951, p. 575. 

Types: 3 females, no. 2789 in the U.S. National Museum. 

Type locality: One of the female types bears the no. 38E. The 
following notations under type locality were taken from a card file 
in the U.S. National Museum. Washington, D.C., galls collected 
Aug. 1867; emerged May 1, 1868. 

Distribution: United States: Washington, D.C., New York, Vir- 
ginia, Indiana, South Dakota, Kansas. 

Host: Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis (Riley) on Solidago species. 

Remarks: The commonest host for this species is Gnorimoschema 
gallaesolidaginis on Solidago species. Other host designations are 
questionable as I have bred many specimens of eurytomids and never 
recovered this species from any other host. 

E. boltert is a large species averaging 5.0 mm. in length. The 
marginal and postmarginal veins are most often equal in length, and 
the propodeum is wide with a shallow concavity, in the center of which 
is a narrow, shallow median furrow that narrows ventrally. The 
lateral surface of the sixth tergum is heavily sculptured to the dorsal 
surface where sculpturing becomes lighter and may continue over 
dorsal surface along anterior border, or fade out altogether. 


510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


77. Eurytoma spina Bugbee 


Map 34 
Eurytoma spina Bugbee, 1951, pp. 250, 251.—Burks, 1958, p. 81. 


Types: 5 females; holotype female, paratypes in U.S. National 
Museum collection, no. 61234. | 

Type locality: La Grande, Oreg. 

Distribution: United States: Oregon. Canada: Saskatchewan. 

Host: Diplolepis tuberculator var. versicolor Kinsey and Ayres on 
Rosa species. 

Remarks: Characteristics in addition to those in the key include 
the length of the ninth tergum that averages .22 mm., the length of 
the marginal and postmarginal veins (the marginal averages only 
.04—.05 mm. longer than the postmarginal), and the weakly developed 
female genitalia with wide dorsal valves for horizontal length. 


78. Eurytoma picea, new species 


Map 35 


Female: Black except for brown wing veins, yellow base of scape, 
and extremities of femora, tibiae, and whitish tarsi. Length averages 
3.6 mm. (3.1-4.1). Abdomen oval from lateral and dorsal views; 
medium lateral compression so that greatest width in cross section is 
nearer middle; sixth tergum about two times the length of the fifth; 
smooth and shiny surface except for fine scaling on lower, anterior 
half; ninth tergum elongate, averaging .22 mm. (.24-.25) in length. 
Internal genitalia with narrow dorsal valves that turn dorsally, ante- 
riorly, with the ventral valves at slightly less than a right angle so 
that stylet arch and fulcral plate are in an oblique plane; dorsal 
valves dark brown to black for entire length; whole structure aver- 
ages 1.7 mm. (1.6-1.8) in length and .97 mm. (.95-1.0) in height. 
Propodeum narrowly concave with a wide, shallow, complete median 
furrow that narrows toward base; central carina about one-quarter 
to three-quarters length of furrow; surface between horizontal ridges 
within furrow, smooth and shiny; lateral areas narrow or nonexistent. 
Antenna with a flagellum of five truncate, slightly moniliform, seg- 
ments; sixth separated from the terminal unit by a shallow annula- 
tion. Legs with black to dark-brown infuscation on all femora and 
tibiae. Wing veins brown; marginal about two times the width of 
postmarginal, quite long, averaging .40 mm. (.35—.50) in length; post- 
marginal averages .27 mm. (.22-.32) in length. 


| 


| 
| 


NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 511 


Male: Color as in the female except that scape is entirely black. 
Length averages 2.2 mm. (2.1-2.4). Abdomen sculptureless dorsally 


and laterally. Umbilicate punctures on mesothorax with interstices 


sculptureless. Antenna with five pedicellate segments and a terminal 
unit of two closely fused segments in flagellum; segments two to five 
with two whorles of long hairs. Marginal vein averages .36 mm. 
(.32-.40) and postmarginal averages .25 mm. (.22-.27) in length. 

Types: Holotype female, allotype, and a paratype series of 24 fe- 
males and 19 males in the collection of the Department of Agriculture, 
Ottawa, Canada. Collected or emerged July 29, 1938, Sept. 6, 1938, 
and May 5-19, 1939. R.H. Longmore collector. Paratypes in the 
Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. and the U.S. 
National Museum. 

Type locality: New Westminster, B. C., Canada, forestry station. 
Distribution: United States: Washington. Canada: British Colum- 
bia. 

Host: Pissodes sitchensis Hopkins on Picea sitchensis. 

Remarks: This new species runs smaller than ELurytoma pissodis; 
has more infuscation on the legs; brown wing veins; less sculpturing 
on the sixth abdominal tergum and a distinct, complete median furrow 
on the propodeum. Its host is a different species of weevil occurring 
on the Sitka Spruce (P2cea sitchensis). 


79. Eurytoma calcarea Bugbee 


Map 36 
Eurytoma calcarea Bugbee, 1951, pp. 240-248.—Burks, 1958, p. 81. 


Types: Holotype female, allotype, and paratype in the U. S. Na- 
tional Museum (USNM 61227). Paratypes in the Bugbee collection, 
Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Wellsville, Utah. 

Distribution: Eastern two-thirds of the United States from the 
Atlantic coast west to Oregon and south to Kansas. 

Host: Diplolepis variabilis (Bassett) and D. bicolor (Harris) on 
Rosa species. 

Subspecies: Description, Bugbee (1951). 

Eurytoma calcarea ignobilis Bugbee (USNM 61228). Nebraska. 
Host: Diplolepis bicolor (Harris). 

Ec. infima Bugbee. Illinois. Host: D. bicolor (Harris) (USNM 
61230). 

E. c. lucida Bugbee. Illinois. Host: D. bicolor (Harris) (USNM 
61229). 


512 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


E. c. mimica Bugbee. Maine and Massachusetts. Host: 
D. bicolor (Harris). (USNM 61231.) 

E. c. singularis Bugbee. Massachusetts. Host: D. nebulosus 
(Bassett). (USNM 61232.) 

Remarks: The dorsal and ventral valves of the female genitalia 
turn dorsally, anteriorly, at right angles so that the stylet arch is in 
an oblique plane and the dorsal valves are uniformly narrow for their 
horizontal length (see figs. 9 and 10, Bugbee, 1951). 


80. Eurytoma apiculae Bugbee 
Eurytoma apiculae Bugbee, 1966, pp. 210-211. 


Types: 21 females and 17 males. Holotype and allotype from a 
series of 8 females and 10 males from Contra Costa County, Calif. 
Collected July 8, 1965, from nest of Ceratina punctigena, nos. 261 and 
142 c,d, e, h, by T. Brown and H. Daly. Types and paratypes in the 
U.S. National Museum, Univ. of California, Berkeley, and Bugbee 
collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Contra Costa County, Calif., Russel Tree Farm. 

Host: Ceratina punctigena Cockerell, C. nanula Cockerell, and 
C. dallatorreana Friese. 

Remarks: See Bugbee, 1966. 


81. Eurytoma mali, new species 
Figures 18, 27; Map 36 


Female: Black. Averages 4.1 mm. (3.44.8) in length. Abdomen 
plump with only slight lateral compression, averaging 2.4 mm. in 
length (2.1-2.6); sixth abdominal segment long, averaging .74 mm. 
(.65-.80) ; sculpturing on lateral face of sixth limited to lower half; 
ninth segment elongated and sharply pointed, averaging .25 mm. in 
length (.20-.30); internal genitalia averages 1.9 mm. (1.5-2.1) in 
length and in height 1.1 mm. (1.0-1.2); expanded anterior plate of 
ventral valves averages .19 mm. (.15-.22) at widest point; dorsal 
valves narrow for horizontal length and turn dorsally with ventral 
valves, anteriorly, at a right angle in relation to horizontal length; 
stylet arch oblique or halfway between a vertical and horizontal 
plane. Propodeum concave; indications dorsally of a wide, shallow 
median furrow that may fade out completely in lower quarter; 
lateral areas with uneven surface finely punctate and irregularly 
ridged, and without deeper five- or six-sided punctures limiting areas 
dorsally. Tegula deep brown to black. Antenna with the outer 
face of scape all yellowish brown; segments one to five of a flagellum 


No. 35333  CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 513 


longer than wide and truncate distally; six separated from seven by 


| 
j 


a shallow annulation; flagellum filiform. Legs may have all femora 
and tibiae yellowish brown or hindfemora may be brown to dark 
brown medially. Wings with the veins yellow to brown; marginal 
vein thin and long, averaging .38 mm. (.35-.40) in length; post- 
marginal shorter than marginal, averaging .30 mm. (.27—.32) in length; 
stigmal club narrowly rectangular in shape. 

Male: Black. Averages 3.3 mm. (3.0-3.6) in length. Outer face 
of scape black except yellowish-brown basal extremity. Legs with 
femora and tibiae of fore- and midlegs yellowish brown; hindfemora 
dark to light brown, except yellowish-brown apices and knees; hind- 
tibiae yellowish brown. Wing veins brownish yellow to straw 
yellow; marginal vein longer than postmarginal; marginal averages .37 
mm. (.35-.40) in length; postmarginal averages .27 mm. (.25-.27). 

Types: 6 females and 4 males. Holotype female, allotype male, 
and paratypes in the U.S. National Museum (USNM 66065). Para- 
types in the Bugbee collection, Meadville, Pa. 

Type locality: Troy, Kans. Collected or bred (?) July 2-14, 
1932. P. G. Lamerson collection. 

Distribution: Kansas, New York, Wisconsin, Washington. 

Hosts: Parasite of the apple curculio, Tachypterellus quadrigibbus 
(Say), 7. g. magnus List, and T. consors Dietz. 

Remarks: This species is apparently widespread, occurring wherever 
apples are grown and its hosts, the apple curculio, T achypterellus 
quadrigibbus or T. consors, are present. The importance of the 
parasite as a natural control of the host is great. Parker and Lamer- 
son (1934) credit it with over half of the total parasitism of the cur- 
culio (7.q. magnus) in northeast Kansas in the years 1932-1933. 
Ritcher (1936), using the name Z. tylodermatis, states that it was the 
most important and numerous parasite in Wisconsin in 1934-1935, 
where parasitism ran as high as 40-63%. Hammer (1936) lists it 
again as E. tylodermatis, from T. quadrigibbus in the Champlain 
Valley. 

Distinguishing features of this species are the extremely narrow 
dorsal valves of the female genitalia, the reduced sculpturing on the 
sixth abdominal segment, the all yellowish-brown legs with the excep- 
tion of the reddish-brown tinge to the hindfemora, and the longer than 
wide segments of the antenna. It resembles /. fusca, new species, but 
the characteristics mentioned above will separate them. 


514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


82. Eurytoma diastrophi Walsh 
Map 37 


Eurytoma diastrophi Walsh, 1870, p. 299.—Mayr, 1878, p. 311.—Ashmead, 1881, 
p. 30; 1887, pp. 194-198 [Ashmead proposed the name, EH. Mayri for E. 
diastropht of Mayr 1878].—Bridwell, 1899, pp. 203-211.—Viereck, 1916, 
Pp. 021:—Peek, 19515 'p. 576; 


Types: Walsh (1870) states that there were 2 males and 19 females 
on which his description was based. In the U.S. National Museum is 
a single male, bearing the type no. 1532 and the notation, ‘through 
A. Bolter, 1890.” This male speciman is probably not one of the 
original types. In order to have something more definite to go by, 
I have chosen a neotype female from Bloomington, Ind. The fe- 
male emerged May 23, 1933, from a gall of Diastrophus nebulosus 
collected by R. Bugbee on Apr. 12, 1933, on Rubus species, Kinsey 
determined. An additional neoparatype series from the same locality, 
date of collection, and host includes 49 males and 28 females that 
emerged from May 23-30, 1933. Neotype female and neoparatypes 
in the Bugbee collection, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. and in 
the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 

Type locality: Probably from the vicinity of Rock Island, Ill. 
where Walsh conducted much of his collecting. Neotype locality, 
Bloomington, Ind. 

Distribution: United States: Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, 
Virginia, Massachusetts, Washington, D.C., North Carolina, Indiana, 
Illinois, Tennessee, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, or wherever 
blackberry occurs. 

Hosts: Distrophus cuscutoeformis (Osten Sacken). Diastrophus 
nebulosus (Osten Sacken). Diastrophus niger Bassett. Galls of 
Callachna gibba (Loew) (Peck, 1951). 

Remarks: The host record Callachna gibba (Loew), is very doubtful 
as this species seems to be restricted to gallmakers on blackberry 
belonging to the cynipid genus Diastrophus. 

This is a medium-sized species averaging 3.9 mm. in length. The 
propodeum displays an incomplete, weakly developed median furrow 
in the upper half to one-quarter, or furrow may be absent entirely. 
Ninth tergum averages .26 mm. (.17-.32) in length. Female genitalia 
moderately developed anteriorly, so that stylet arch is in an oblique 
plane. 


NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 515 


Appendix 
Species Not Included in the Revision 


The species listed below have not been included in the revision for 
one or more of the following reasons: Types not checked by the 
author; types inadequate to make a satisfactory judgment; types 
lost; the original description too brief or general to allow a definite 
decision; inclusion in the genus Hurytoma, as limited by the generic 
description, doubtful. 

The types of the six species Hurytoma abatos, E. cretheis, E. hecale, 
E. pythes, and E. teredon, described by Walker (1843) and E. iphis 
Walker (1846), are located in the British Museum and I have not 
been able to check them personally. Letters from M. F. Claridge, 
Department of Zoology, University College, Cardiff, England, and 
G. J. Kerrich of the British Museum, London, give their impres- 
sions of the Walker types. They seem to agree that FE. iphis, E. 
cretheis, and FE. pythes are probably not true Eurytoma. The British 
Museum did loan me a single cotype male of £. teredon, and it is a 
good Hurytoma, but the single male specimen is insufficient to de- 
termine the status of the species. 

E. abnormicornis Walsh (1870). This species was described from a 
single female captured at large that seems to be lost. The three 
males in the U.S. National Museum collection under this species 
are not adequate to determine the position of the species. 

E. albipes (Ashmead). Transferred to the genus Tenuipetiolus 
(Bugbee, 1951). 

E. albitarsis Ashmead, nomen nudum (Bugbee, 1956). 

EF. ashmeadi (Ashmead). Ashmead (1894, page 327) described 
Eurytomocharis minuta and designated it as the genotype. Minuta 
was preoccupied by Walker (1832), and so the new name was proposed 
by Peck (1951, page 575) who, at the same time, placed Eurytomocharis 
as a synonym of Hurytoma. Until the genera of the family Euryto- 
midae are revised, I would exclude ashmeadi from the genus Eurytoma. 

E. aulacis Ashmead, nomen nudum (Bugbee, 1956). 

E. brachypterum (Ashmead). This species was orginally described 
as Systole brachyptera by Ashmead in 1886 (page 126). In 1894 
(page 328) he transferred the species to Hvorysoma and in 1951 (page 
574) Peck placed the genus as a synonym of Eurytoma. The very 
elongate abdomen is not typical of the genus Eurytoma, so the species 
is not included in the revision. 


516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Ef. floridana (Ashmead) 1887, was described as Lamprostylus 
Jloridanus from a single male captured at large and transferred to the 
genus Hurytoma by Peck (1951). The shape and sculpturing of the 
abdomen are not typical of Hurytoma. 

E. hegeli, nomen nudum (Bugbee, 1956). 

E. lanulae Fitch, 1859. This species is a synonym of ELurytoma 
studiosa Say, 1836, according to Ashmead, 1887. The single female 
type, no. 1824, in the U.S. National Museum collection would fall 
within the range of variation of EL. studiosa. 

EH. maga Girault, 1920. Removed to the genus Prodecatoma 
(Bugbee, 1956). 

E. medicaginis (Gahan). Transferred to the genus Tenuipetiolus 
(Bugbee, 1951). 

E.. muhlenbergiae (Howard), 1896. Removed to the genus Eury- 
tomocharis (Bugbee, 1956). 

H. nevadense Ashmead, 1894. This species is represented by a 
single male specimen located in the collection of the Philadelphia 
Academy of Science. 

E. orbiculata Say, 1836. Described from a single male specimen 
that seems to be lost. The description is not complete enough to 
place this species with certainty. 

E. polygraphi (Ashmead). Transferred to the genus Ipideurytoma 
(Bugbee, 1956). 

FE. querei-pisi (Fitch), 1859. Described originally in the genus 
Macroglenes, the species was removed to Eurytoma by Ashmead in 
Smith’s, “Insects of New Jersey,” 1900. The holotype female, no. 
1830, in the U.S. National Museum collection has the abdomen broken 
off and glued on a tip below the rest of the specimen. It is possible 
that this is not the original type as it does not fit the original descrip- 
tion. The specimen is yellow to reddish brown and Fitch describes 
the species as black. 

E. sculpta Ashmead, 1887. Transferred to Bruchophagus (Bugbee, 
1956). 

E. triodiae (Howard), 1896. Holotype female no. 2755 in the U.S. 
National Museum. Howard placed this species in the genus Hury- 
tomocharis but Peck in Muesebeck, Krombein and others (1951) 
placed it in Eurytoma. Until the genera of the family Hurytomidae 
are studied and more clearly delimited, I prefer to exclude this species 
from Eurytoma, chiefly on the basis of the lack of any sculpturing on 
the lateral surface of the sixth tergum. 

f&. vitis (Saunders), 1869. Although transferred to the genus 
Eurytoma by Peck (1951), this species belongs in the genus Evoxysoma, 
which seems to be a recognizable genus (see Bugbee, 1936, pages 
199, 200). 





NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 


Fossil Species 


Eurytoma sepulta Brues, 1910. Described from three specimens, 
no. AY (type), A103 both from Station 14 and no. 2100, MCZ, 
Florissant, Colo. Types in the American Museum of Natural 


History. 


Eurytoma sequax Brues, 1910. 


No. A120 from Station 14, Floris- 


sant, Colo. Type in the American Museum of Natural History. 


Parasites and Hosts 


Eurytoma acuta Bugbee 


E. altifossa Bugbee 


E. apiculae Bugbee 


E. appendigaster (Swederus) 


E. atripes Gahan 


E. auriceps Walsh 


E. baccae Bugbee 
E. bicolor Walsh 


E. bigeloviae Ashmead 


Diplolepis tuberculator var. xerophila Kinsey 
and Ayres. 

D. arefacta (Gillette) on Rosa species. 

From galls on Oxytropis lamberti; host re- 
lationship not stated. 

Ceratina punctigena Cockerell 

C. nanula Cockerell 

C. dallatorreana Friese 

Macrocentrus ancylivors Rohwer 

Apanteles solitarius (Ratzeburg) 

Cremastus minor Cushman 

Phytophaga destructor (Say) 

Cephus cinctus Norton 

Bracon cephi (Gahan) 

Amphibolips spongifica (Osten Sacken) 

A. cookii Gillette 

Andricus pattoni (Bassett) 

A. foliatus Ashmead 

A. ignotus (Bassett) 

A. flocct (Osten Sacken) 

Acraspis pezomachoides (Osten Sacken) 

A. erinacei (Beutenmuller) 

Callirhytis lanata (Gillette) 

C. seminator (Harris) 

Diplolepis radicum (Osten Sacken) 

D. weldi (Beutenmuller) 

Disholcaspis mamma (Cresson) 

D. spongiosa (Karsch) 

D. quercus-globulus (Fitch) 

Dryocosmus tmbricariae (Ashmead) 

Philoniz fulvicollis Fitch 

Sphaeroteras melleum (Ashmead) 

Ancylis comptana (Frolich) 

Aulacidea tumida (Bassett) 

A. podagrae (Bassett) 

Isodontia harrist (Fernald) 

Scolytus rugulosus Ratzeburg 

Eurosta solidaginis Fitch 

In dried galls on stem of Typha latifolia: 
host relationship not stated. 

Trypeta bigeloviae (Cockerell) 


517 


518 PROCEEDINGS 


E. bolteri Riley 

E. brevivena Bugbee 
E. bromi (Howard) 
E. calcarea Bugbee 
EB. 


. californica Ashmead 


. calycis Bugbee 
. celtigalla Bugbee 
. clert Ashmead 


Se & 


E. conica Provancher 


. contractura Bugbee 
. crassa Bugbee 


&& 


E. crassineura Ashmead 


E. diastrophi Walsh 


E. discordans Bugbee 


E. dorcaschemae Ashmead 
FE. eragrostidis (Howard) 
E. flavicrus Bugbee 

E. flavicrurensa Bugbee 
E. flavovultus Bugbee 

E. fossae Bugbee 

E. furva Bugbee 

E. fusca Bugbee 


E. gigantea Walsh 


OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 | 


Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis (Riley) 

Eurosta solidaginis Fitch 

Tyloderma foveolatum Say 

Disholcaspis quercus-globulus (Fitch) 

Phytophagous in stems of Bromus ciliatus, 
Muhlenbergia sylvatica, and timothy. 

Diplolepis bilolor (Harris) 
D. variabilis (Bassett) 

Callirhytis pomiformis (Ashmead) 

Andricus californicus Ashmead 

Disholcaspis corallina (Bassett) 

D. plumbella Kinsey 

D. washingtonensis (Gillette) 

Phytophagous in buds of Pinus banksiana 

Phytophaga celtiphylla Felt 

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann 

D. monticolae Hopkins 

Ips oregont (Hichhoff) 

Pissodes strobi (Peck) 

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann 

D. brevicomis LeConte 

Pissodes strobi (Peck) 

Cylindrocopturus longulus (LeConte) 

Phloeosinus dentatus (Say) 

Stephenoderes dissimilis (Zimmermann) 

Melanagromyza shineri (Giraud) 

Trypeta (=Callachna) gibba (Loew) 

T. (=Aciurina) notata (Coquilett) 

Dipterous galls on Ambrosia species 

Scolytus rugulosus Ratzeburg 

Magdalis armicollis Say 

Diastrophus cuscutoeformis (Osten Sacken) 

D. nebulosus (Osten Sacken) 

D. niger Bassett 

Callachna gibba (Loew) 

Diplolepis variabilis (Bassett) 

Periclistus pirata (Osten Sacken) 

Synophromorpha (= Periclistus) sylvestris 
(Osten Sacken) 

Dorcaschema alternatum (Say) 

Phloeotribus frontalis (Oliver) 

Phytophagous in stems of JFragrostis 
poaeoides and Agrostis alba 

Galls on Nyssa sylvatica 

Diplolepis polita (Ashmead) var. 

Pachypsylla venusta Osten Sacken 

Euura pacifica (Marlatt) 

E. resinicola (Marlatt) 

Disholcaspis washingtonensis (Gillette) 

Tachypterellus quadrigibbus (Say) 

T.q. magnus List 

T. consors Dietz 

Eurosta solidaginis Fitch 





NO. 


E 


E. 


mS & 


me 


Ree ees 


Bebe & fh 


3533 


. gossypit Bugbee 
illinoisensis Girault 


. mminuta Bugbee 
. ncerta Fullaway 


. niquus Bugbee 
. nornata Bugbee 


. juniperinus Marcovitch 


. lacunae Bugbee 


levivultus Bugbee 
levo Bugbee 
longavena Bugbee 


. lutea Bugbee 
. lycti Ashmead 
. magdalidis Ashmead 


. mali Bugbee 


. mammae Bugbee 


minnesota Girault 
neomexicana Girault 


. nigricoza Provancher 
. obtusa Bugbee 


obtusilobae Ashmead 
obtusiventris Gahan 
orchidearum (Westwood) 
pachyneuron Girault 


. parva Phillips 


. phloeotribi Ashmead 


CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 


519 


Anthonomus grandis Boheman 

Host relationships unknown, reared in con- 
nection with Harmolita and from Elymus 
species 

Diplolepis variabilis (Bassett) 

Diplolepis neglecta (Gillette) 

D, polita (Ashmead) 

D. tuberculator var. descansonis Kinsey and 
Ayres 

Diplolepis neglecta (Gillette) 

Euplilis rufigaster (Packard) in Hibiscus 
stems 

Phytophagous in the fruits of Juniperus 
virginiana 

From galls of Protaplonz species 

Pachypsylla gemma Riley 

From pine xyelid gall 

Diplolepis bicolor (Harris) 

From Elecampane 

Lyctus striatus Melsh 

Anthribus cornutus (Say) 

Cylindrocopturus longulus (LeConte) 

Magdalis armicollis Say 

Oncideres cingulatus (Say) 

Tachypterellus quadrigibbus (Say) 

T. q. magnus List 

T. consors Dietz 

Leperisinus aculeatus (Say) 

Stigmus species 

Phytophagous in Agropyron species 

Reared in connection with Harmolita 

Phytophagous in seeds of Sideranthus 
spinulosus 

Periclistus species 

Bruchus brachialis Fahraeus 

Diplolepis radicum Osten Sacken 

Eurosta solidaginis Fitch 

Phytophagous in Cattleya species 

Phytophagous in Agropyron repens, Elymus 
canadensis, and E. triticoides 

Parasite of Harmolita tritici (Fitch) and 
Phytophaga destructor (Say) 

Galls on Sitilias grandiflora 

Harmolita tritici (Fitch) 

Lepidopterous galls on Solidago 

Cephus cinctus Norton 

Phloeotribus frontalis (Oliver) 

P. dentifrons (Blackman) 

Pityophthorus liquidembarus Blackman 

Pseudopityophthorus minutissimus (Zimmer- 
mann) 

P. pruinosus (Hichhoff) 

Scolytus muticus Say 


520 


E. 
E. 


E. 
E. 


E. 


& 


See Fe F&F & 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


picea Bugbee 
pint Bugbee 


pissodis Girault 
profunda Bugbee 


(= EH. maculipes Ashmead) 


prunicola Walsh 


. querct Fullaway 


. querci-globult (Fitch) 


. rhois Crosby 
. sciromatis Bugbee 


. semicircula Bugbee 
. seminis Bugbee 


. semivena Bugbee 


. solenozopheriae Ashmead 
. Sphaera Bugbee 


. spina Bugbee 


. spongiosa Bugbee 


. sguamosa Bugbee 


VOL. 118 


S. abietis Blackman 

Stephanoderes dissimilis (Zimmermann) 

Pissodes sitchensis Hopkins 

Acrobasis rubrifasciella Peck 

Eucosoma scudderiana Clemens 

Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) 

Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiffermuller) 

R. frustrana (Comstock) 

R. rigidana (Fernald) 

Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth) 

Epiblema strenuana (Walker) 

Cremastus cookii Weed 

Pissodes strobi (Peck) 

Dryorhizozenus floridanus (Ashmead) 

Belonocnema treatae Mayr 

Amphibolips prunus (Walsh) 

A. gainesi Bassett 

Philoniz fulvicollis Fitch 

Callirhytis seminator (Harris) 

Acraspis guadaloupensis (Fullaway) 

Andricus lasius (Ashmead) 

Disholcaspis quercus-globulus (Fitch) 

D. colorado (Gillette) 

D. mamma (Cresson) 

D. cinerosa (Bassett) 

Phytophagous in seeds of Rhus typhina, 
R. glabra, and R. copallina 

From cankers on Pinus taeda and P. 
elliotti caused by Cronartium fusiforme 

Leptostylus gibbulosus 

Phytophagous in seeds of Schmaltzia tri- 
lobata 

Pachypsylla vesicula Riley 

Hemadas nubilipennis (Ashmead) 

Disholcaspis spongiosa (Karsch) 

D. quercus-globulus (Fitch) 

D. succinipes (Ashmead) 

D. sileri (Bassett) 

Diplolepis tuberculator 
and Ayres 

Diplolepis rosae (Linneaus) 

D. dicholcerus (Harris) 

D. tuberculator (Cockerell) 

D. t. wasatchensis Kinsey and Ayres 

Phytophagous in seeds of Ceanothus divari- 
catus 

C. thyraiflorus 

C. cordulatus 

C. velutinus 

C. sanguineus 





versicolor Kinsey 





NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 521 


E. stigmi Ashmead 
E. studiosa Say 


E. terrea Bugbee 
E. tomici Ashmead 


E. tumoris Bugbee 
E. tylodermatis Ashmead 


E. vernonia Bugbee 


Stigmus inordinatus Fox 

Acraspis pezomachoides (Osten Sacken) 
. hirta (Osten Sacken) 

. erinacet (Beutenmuller) 

. macrocarpae Bassett 

. villosa Gillette 

. derivatus (Kinsey) 

. ozark (Kinsey) 

. gemmula (Bassett) 

Andricus ignotus (Bassett) 

A. cicatricula Bassett 

A. flocci (Osten Sacken) 

Callirhytis elongata (Kinsey) 

C. clavula (Osten Sacken) 

C. seminator (Harris) 

Disholcaspis spongiosa (Karsch) 

. washingtonensis (Gillette) 

. quercus-globulus (Fitch) 

. succinipes (Ashmead) 

. silert (Bassett) 

. colorado (Gillette) 

Dryocosmus palustris (Ashmead) 
Philoniz fulvicollis Fitch 

Sphaeroteras mellewm (Ashmead) 
Xenthoteras eburnea (Bassett) 
Diplolepis polita (Ashmead) var. 
Tomicus (=Pityogenes) plagiatus (LeConte) 
Cylindrocopturus eatoni Buchanan 

C. furnisst Buchanan 

C. longulus (LeConte) 

Epiblema strenuana (Walker) 
Phloeosinus species 

Phytophagous in stems of Pinus sylvestris 
Tyloderma foveolatum Say 

Coleophora malivorella Riley 

Mompha eloisella (Clemens) 
Trichobaris texana LeConte 

T. trinotata (Say) 

Lizus scrobicollis Boheman 

L. musculus Say 

Tephritis (= Neotephritis) finalis Loew 
Trypetid seed maggots in Vernonia interior 


See ee 


Sera 


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(The few sources not seen by the author are listed without 
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on 
bo 
bo 





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NO. 3633 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 525 


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1930. The white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck): Its biology and control. 
Bull. New York State Coll. For. Tech. Publ., no. 28, vol. 3, pp. 1-87. 
McAutstTEr, L. C., Jk., and ANDERSON, W. H. 
1932. The blueberry stem-gall in Maine. Journ, Econ. Ent., vol. 25, no. 6, 
pp. 1164-1169. 
Marcovitcu, 8. 
1915. The biology of the juniper berry insects, with descriptions of new 
species. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 163-179. 
Mayr, G. 
1878. Arten der Chalcidier-Gattung Hurytoma durch Zucht erhalten. Vern. 
Zool.-Bot. Gesh. Wien., vol. 28, pp. 297-334. 
Miuuer, W. E. 
1953. Biological notes on five hymenopterous parasites of pine bud and 
stem moths in Ohio. Ohio Journ. Sci., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 59-63. 
1959a. Preliminary study of European pine shoot moth parasitism in lower 
Michigan. Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 768-769. 
1959b. Natural history notes on the goldenrod ball gall fly. Journ. Ten- 
nessee Acad. Sci., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 246-251. 
Moors, J. B. 
1916. The cattleya fly. New Jersey Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 308, pp. 3-12. 
Mossr, J. C. 
1965. The interrelationships of three gall makers and their natural enemies, 
on Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.). New York State Mus. and 
Sci. Service, Bull. no. 402, pp. 1-95. 
MOoTSCHULSKY. 
1863. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, vol. 36, p. 43. 





No. 35333  #CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 527 


MuEsEBEcK, C. F. W., and Donanian, 8. M. 
1927. Astudy of hyperparasitism, with particular reference to the parasites 
of Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratzeburg). U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 
1487, pp. 1-35. 
MusEsEBEck, C. F. W.; KromBein, K. V.; and Townss, H. K. 
1951. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. U.S. Dept. Agric. 
Monogr., no. 2, pp. 1-1420. 


| Myers, M. A. 


; 


1927. Observations on the habits and life history of the moth Lophoptilus 

eloisella. Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 35, pp. 241-244. 
Netson, W. A. 

1953. Observation on hyperparasitism of the wheat stem sawfly Cephus 
cinctus Nort. (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) Canadian Ent., vol. 85, 
no. 7, pp. 249-251. 

Parker, R. L., and LAMERSON, P. G. 

1934. Hymenopterous parasites of the western apple curculio in northeastern 
Kansas (Yachypterellus quadrigibbus magnus List) (Coleoptera, 
Curculionidae). Journ. Kansas Ent. Soc., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 90-95. 

Preatirs, L. M. 

1947. Insect pests of farm, garden and orchard, 4th ed., 523 pp. 
Prairs, L. M., and Davipson, R. H. 

1956. Insects pests of farm, garden and orchard, 5th ed., 661 pp. 
Peck, O. 

In Meusebeck, Krombein, Townes and others. 1951. Hymenoptera of 
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PuHILuirs, W. J. 

1917. Report on Jsosoma investigations. Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 10, no. 1, 
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1918. The wheat jointworm and its control. U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers’ 
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1927. Eurytoma parva (Girault) Phillips and its biology as a parasite of the 
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Puiturrs, W. J., and Emery, W. T. 

1919. A revision of the chalcid-flies of the genus Harmolita of America north 

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1907. Notes on the biology of certain weevils related to the cotton boll 
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1908b. The economic bearing of recent studies of the parasites of the cotton 
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1908ce. Factors controlling parasitism with special reference to the cotton 
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1908d. A list of parasites known to attack American Rhynchophora. Journ. 
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1910. On some phases of parasitism displayed by insect enemies of weevils. 
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Pierce, W. D.; Cusuman, R. A.; and Hoop, C. E. 

1912. The insect enemies of the cotton boll weevil. U.S. Dept. Agric. Bur. 

Ent. Bull. 100, pp. 9-99. 


528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


PINCKNEY, J.S. 
1937. The vetch bruchid, Bruchus brachialis Fahraeus. Journ. Econ. Ent., 
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PLUMMER, C. C., and Pituspury, A. E. 
1929. The white pine weevil in New Hampshire. Univ. New Hampshire 
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1887. Additions and corrections on Volume II de la Faune Entomologique du 
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Putman, W. L. 
1935. Notes on the hosts and parasites of some Lepidopterous larvae. 
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1869. The solidago gall moth: Gelechia gallaesolidaginis, n. sp. Missouri 
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RitTcHER, P. O. 
1936. Larger apple curculio in Wisconsin. Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 29, no. 4, 
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SAUNDERS, W. 
1869. The grape-seed insect Isosoma vitis, n. sp. Canadian Ent., vol. 2, 
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1932. Parasites reared from forest insects in 1929. Canadian Ent., vol. 66, 
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1900. Insects of New Jersey, pp. 3-755. 
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1811. Classification des diplolepaires. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris, vol. 17, 
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1795. Beskrifning pa et nytt Genus Pteromalus ibland Insecterna (Forts.). 
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1929. The biology of the white pine weevil Pissodes strobi (Peck) and a study 
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; 


NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 529 


Tuomas, J. B., and Herpy, H. 

1961. A note on Eurytoma calycis Bugbee (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) 
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TOWNSEND, C. H. T. 

1894. Notes on the Tenthredinid gall of Huura orbitalis on Salix and its 

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TRIGGERSON, C. J. 

1914. A study of Dryophanta erinacet (Mayr) and its gall. Ann. Ent. Soc. 

Amer., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1-34. 
UuLER, L. D. 

1951. Biology and ecology of the goldenrod gall fly Hurosta solidaginis 

(Fitch). Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 300, pp. 3-51. 
Virreck, Henry L. 

1916. Hymenoptera of Connecticut. State Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 22, 

pp. 1-824. 
WALKER, F. 

1832. Monographia Chalciditum, 2. Ent. Mag., no. 1, pp. 12-29, 115-142, 
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1843. Description des Chalcidites trouvees au Bluff de Saint-Jean, dans la 
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Soc. Ent. France, ser. 2, vol. 1, pp. 145-162. 

1846. List of the specimens of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the 
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Wats, B. D. 

1870. On the group Eurytomides of the hymenopterous family Chalcididae: 
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pp. 367-370. 

Watson, W. Y., and Artuur, A. P. 

1959. Parasites of the European shoot moth, Rhyacionia bouliana (Schiff.), 

in Ontario. Canadian Ent., vol. 91, no. 8, pp. 478-484. 
WEstwoop, J. O. 

1840. An introduction to the modern classification of insects, vol. 2, pp. 
160-161. 

1869. Note on insects found attacking orchids. Gardeners’ Chron. Agric. 
Gaz. (Nov.), p. 1230. 

1882. On the supposed abnormal habits of certain species of Eurytomides, 
a group of the hymenopterous family Chalcididae, Trans. Ent. 
Soc. London, p. 2, July, pp. 307-328. 


219-931—67—_7 


530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 






TEGULA DORSAL VALVES 
(Gth TERGUM) 


LAGELLUM 











LATERAL AREA ANTENNA 2 
LATERAL CARINA \ 
CENTRAL FURROW 
PROPODEUM «- 
(POSTERIOR 
VIEW) 
DORSAL STYLETS 
VALVES 
| ay] FULCRAL 
ia Ey PLATE 
HTRAL 
VALVES 
MARGINAL, VEIN FEMALE GENITALIA 
POSTMARGINAL VEIN 4 


FORE WING STIGMAL VEIN 


Ficures 1-5.—Eurytoma pissodis Girault, female: 1, lateral view; 2, antenna, lateral view; 
3, propodeum, posterior view; 4, genitalia, lateral view; 5, forewing, dorsal view. 


NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 531 





Ficures 6-13.—Female, lateral view: 6, Eurytoma pachyneuron, abdomen; 7, E. gigantea, 
abdomen; 8, E. contractura, new species, abdomen; 9, E. conica; 10, E. mammae, new 
species; 11, E. fossae, new species; 12, E. semicircula; 13, E. contractura, new species. 





532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





Ficures 14-20.—New species, female, lateral view: 14, Eurytoma lutea; 15, E. vernonia; 
16, E. crassa; 17, E. sphaerae; 18, E. mali; 19, E. flavicrus; 20, E. squamosa. 


No. 3833 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 533 





_ Ficures 21-31.—New species, female, lateral view: 21, Eurytoma alltifossa. Genitalia: 
| 22, E. semicircula; 23, E. altifossa; 24, E. fossae; 25, E. crassa; 26, E. baccae; 27, E. mali; 
| 28, E. obtusa; 29, E. flavicrus; 30, E. tylodermatis; 31, E. contractura. 


118 


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i 
i 
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i 
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' 
i 
i 
i 


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Map 1.—Locality records for E. phloeotribi. 








mammae @ E. lycti @ 


a 
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no. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 535 





Map 3.—Locality records. 
E, semicircula® E. profunda@ E.conica @ 





Map 4.—Locality records. 
E. magdalidis @ FE. minnesotae @ 





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536 





Map 5.—Locality records. 
E. illinoisensis @ . dorcaschemae © 





Map 6.—Locality records. 
E. sphaera @  E. obtusilobae @ 


537 


OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 


CHALCID WASPS 


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,2 
8 
oO S 
D-s 
BO 
BR 
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30 
8 
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= a 
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Map 8.—Locality records. 
E. flavovultus @ EE. lutea @ E.juniperinus© _ E. eragrostidis © 


OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


PROCEEDINGS 


538 








yo 


1 
i a races 
7 i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 


1 
c 


Map 9.—Locality records. 
i” @ 


E. bromt @ E. neomexicana @ 


: 
i 
i 
i 





Map 10.—Locality records for E. pachyneuron. 


539 


CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 


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Map 11.—Locality records. 
E. californica @ E. gigantea @ 


ay, 





Map 12.—Locality records for E. querci-globult. 


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540 





Map 13.—Locality records. 
E. solenozopheriae @ FE. furva @ 








Map 14.—Locality records for E. pissodis. 


541 


EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 


CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS 


NO. 3533 


1 
LL. 


! 
! 
i 
‘ 


ee pean y 





Map 15.—Locality records. 
E. cleri @ E. flavicrus @ E£. contratura ® 





Map 16.—Locality records. 
E. discordans @ E.acutaQ E.tncerta ® 


VOL. 118 


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542 





Map 17.—Locality records for E. prunicola. 


i 
i 
i 
‘ 
i 


e 


freee 


AT ieee, 


X. 





Map 18.—Locality records 
E. celtigalla @ FE. lacunae @ E. nigricoxa ® E. querciO 


543 


CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 


NO. 3533 


i 
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i 
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oe ee . 
ts ws we my 





Map 19.—Locality records for E. auriceps. 





—Locality records. 


E. brevivena @ E. obtusiventris @ 


Map 20 


544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 








Map 21.—Locality records. 
E. vernonia @ E. bigeloviae@ E. levivultus & 


mh 
Nil 


Boece SS 
j ® 





Map 22.—Locality records. 
E. atripes @ E.fossaeCQ _ E. tomici @ 


NO. 3533 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 545 














Map 23.—Locality records. 
E. appendigaster @ E. altifossa @ 





Map 24.—Locality records. 
E. crassa @ E. seminis @ 


OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS 


546 


Map 25.—Locality records. 
E. tylodermatis @ E. terrea @ 








Map 26.—Locality records. 


E. stigmi @ E. gossypii @ 


547 


CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 


U 





| NO. 3533 


Map 27.—Locality records. 
E. squamosa @ E£.calycis® E. pini @ 





E. baccae@ E.rhois @ 


Map 28.—Locality records. 


548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





Map 29.—Locality records. 
E.levo @ £. crassineura ® 





Map 30.—Locality records. 
E. parva @ =E. fusca@® 


CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 549 


NO. 3533 





Map 31.—Locality records. 
E. iniquus @ E£. flavicrurensa @ E. obtusa @ E.imminutaO 





Map 32.—Locality records for E. studiosa. 


VOL. 118 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


590 


i 


i 
i 

i 

i 

i 

i 
i 
t 
Kos 








Map 33.—Locality records for E. spongiosa, 





Map 34.—Locality records. 


E. boltert @ £E. spina @ 


NO. 3633 CHALCID WASPS OF GENUS EURYTOMA—BUGBEE 551 











Map 35.—Locality records. 
E. dorcaschemae @ E. parva @ E.longavena® E. piceaOCE 





Map 36.—Locality records. 
E. calcarea @ E.mali@ 


5a2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





Map 37.—Locality records for E. diastrophi. 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1967 


Broceedings of 


the United States 





National Museum 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION «© WASHINGTON, D.C. 


Volume 118 1966 Number 3534 


THE EURYHALINE COPEPOD GENUS EURYTEMORA 
IN FRESH AND BRACKISH WATERS OF THE 
CAPE THOMPSON REGION, CHUKCHI SEA, ALASKA 


By Micvprep Stratton WILson and Jerry C. TasH ! 


Collections made in the vicinity of Cape Thompson, Alaska, on the 
coast of the Chukchi Sea during the course of biological investigations 
by the Atomic Energy Commission (Project Chariot), have yielded 
six species of the euryhaline copepod genus Eurytemora. ‘These oc- 
curred in brackish waters (coastal lagoons, pools, and ponds) and in 
fresh waters (inland lakes, pools, ponds, and pools and ponds near 
the coast). Collections were made in 1959 by Douglas Hilliard and 
in 1950-1961 by J. C. Tash. These data partly supplement those of 
Johnson (1961) who collected from some of the lagoons in 1959. 
Additional data come from samples from other regions of Alaska 
accumulated by M. S. Wilson and referred to herein as the Wilson 
collection. Reports on other copepods and crustacean groups of 
the Cape Thompson collections are included in papers by Wilson 
and Tash (MS.) and Hilliard and Tash (1966). 

Financial support of the Atomic Energy Commission for field work 
in 1959 by Douglas Hilliard and in 1960-1961 by J. C. Tash, and of 
the National Science Foundation for studies by M.S. Wilson (grant 


1 Wilson: Arctic Health Research Center, U.S. Public Health Service, An- 
chorage, Alaska; Tash: U.S. Public Health Service, Klamath Lake Project, 
Klamath Falls, Oregon. 


553 


554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


G 21643 to the Smithsonian Institution) is acknowledged. We are 
indebted to Mr. Hilliard for collections, some physical data and critical 
reading of the manuscript, and to Miss Gayle Heron for making 
available, prior to publication, a copy of her paper (Heron, 1964). 


Inland Lakes, Pools, and Ponds 


| 
ir 


| 


| 
f 


Only one species of Hurytemora, new to science, occurred in samples — 


from 4 of 10 small, shallow, permanent, unnamed bodies of fresh 


water (herein termed lakes) and 7 nearby smaller, less permanent > 


pools and ponds situated in wet Carer marsh and meadow. One 
lake (reference no. 9), located about 11 miles inland from Cape 
Thompson, has an outlet to a small creek draining to the Kukpuk 
River. The other three lakes, located near one another about 7 
miles inland, have no defined inlets or outlets, the incoming water 
originating from drainage of the surrounding marsh during snowmelt 
and rains. Emergent vegetation occurs at the edges of the lakes; in 
the type locality (Lake 4), broad-fingered beds of Arctophila extend 
toward the center. The lakes are ice-free for about 24-3 months of 
the year (from early to mid-June to early September). In 1960, the 
maximum temperature range recorded weekly for Lake 4 from July 1 
to August 11 was 13.2—15.5° C.; by September 4, this dropped to 4° C. 

Quantitative and qualitative samples were taken at regular intervals 
and stations from the open, deep water of Lake 4 with no. 12-mesh 


plankton nets on an open Clarke-Bumpus sampler. The other lakes | 


were sampled on one or two dates by casting nets from the shore. 

The existence of the new species, described below, has been known 
for many years from immature copepodid stages collected at Umiat 
(Wilson collection) but it was impossible to define until adults were 
collected in the Cape Thompson samples. The Umiat collection and 
one made by Tash in the Noatak region extend the known distribu- 
tion of the species beyond the Cape Thompson region. 


Family Temoridae 


Eurytemora arctica, new species 


FIGuREs 1-3 


TypPE LocaLiry.— Unnamed lake (reference no. “Lake 4’’), about 
7 miles inland from coast of Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson region, 
Alaska, 68°11’09” N., 165°42’05” W.; surface area, 2.1 hectares; 
maximum depth, 2.4 meters. 

Typres.—Holotype 9, USNM 106647; allotype 7, USNM 106648. 

DerrinitiIon.—Female: Metasomal wings and genital segment not 
laterally expanded; caudal rami slightly longer than urosome segments 
2 + 3; antennules reaching to near end of metasome. Leg 5: Exopod 


NO. 3534 EURYTEMORA—WILSON AND TASH 500 


segment 1 with 2 outer spines; inner process directed inwards and 
about 4 width of distal part of segment; inner apical spine of 
exopod 2 much longer than outer apical spine. Male: Antennules a 
little longer than metasome, with stout, long aesthetes; spines of 
segments 8-12 of right antennule not more developed than those of 
left. Leg 5 of adult: Right exopod 2 constricted near middle with 
basal part wider than distal; anterior proximal part of left basal 
segment 2 produced into spinous point; left exopod 2 without apical 
digitiform protrusion. Leg 5 of copepodid stage V: Inner apical spine 
of exopod 2 much longer than outer spine, that of left side the longer, 
equaling half or more of the length of its segment. 

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Total length: 1.85—2.02 mm.(metasome= 
total anterior division, 1.09-1.16; urosome, 0.765—0.855; measure- 
ments middorsal line, top of head to end of caudal rami, from specimens 
in which urosome was separated and mounted in shallow depression 
slide to overcome effect of ventral curvature). All segments of 
metasome well defined (figs. la, b); greatest width in second segment 
(thoracic somite 1) equal to about one-half total length of metasome. 
Cephalic segment rounded anteriorly, slightly broadened at midpoint, 
without pronounced cephalic depression (viewed laterally in exact 
midline); dorsal cuticular protuberance at distal midpoint of seg- 
ment, variable in size and prominence (fig. la). Last 2 segments 
of metasome reduced in both width and length (fig. 16); wings of last 
segment not expanded laterally, nearly symmetrical, produced posteri- 
orly to near midpoint of genital segment, apices rounded and each 
bearing a fine, sensory setule (figs. 1c, d). 

Urosome (figs. 1d, e): Genital segment rounded laterally in proximal 
half but without prominent protrusions either laterally or ventrally; 
operculum (external genital flap) broader than long, rounded distally, 
partially encircled by depressed cuticular ornamentation of nar- 
row, lobed sclerotizations armed with short setules (fig. le). 
Segments 2 and 3 with lateral hairs that extend over distal outer 
portion of dorsal surface of segment 3. Caudal rami a little longer than 
segments 2 + 3 (about 1.13:1); widest just below base, length about 
6 X this greatest width; inner and outer margins with fine hairs and 
dorsal surfaces with closely placed, short, scalelike hairs. Terminal 
caudal setae (except short, dorsally placed seta) slender, unjointed, 
longer than rami; lateral seta a little shorter, plumose only on inner 
margin; second apical seta (from outer margin) the longest. 

Antennule (fig. 1g) reaching to about middle of metasomal wings or 
a little beyond; 24-segmented (counting imperfectly separated seg- 
ments 8-9); beginning with 12, the segments regularly elongated; 


556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


numerical setation as common in the genus (s=seta; sp=spine; 
a= aesthete). 





segment segment 
1 3s, a 13 2s 
2 33, a 14 2s, & 
3 2s, a 15 2s 
4 Is 16 2s, a 
5 2s, & Lz 2s 
6 Is 18 2s 
7 2s,a 19 2s, a | 
8 sp 20 1s 
9 2s, a 21 1s 
10 sp 22 Is + Is 
11 2s, a 23 Is + Is,a 
12 Is, a, Sp 24 6s, a 


Aesthetes subequal to short setae of proximal segments but much 
shorter than long setae of other segments; most setae of segments 7-20 
very long, reaching end of succeeding 3 segments or beyond; those of 
segments 17, 19, and 20 the longest; many segments with irregularly 
placed hairs. 

Mandible blade (fig. 1f) with prominent, incompletely rounded gap 
separating first denticle from others; second denticle single, with hyaline 
cap; others with doubled or tripled points of which one carries a 
hyaline cap. Antenna and other cephalic appendages as typical for 
the genus. 

Legs 1-4 (figs. 2d-g) comparatively elongate (fig. 1a). Segmenta- 
tion and setation as typical for the genus, all setae plumose (not 
completely illustrated in figures). Basal segment 1 of all legs with 
inner seta; basal segment 2 with slender outer seta on legs 3-4. Leg 
1: Exopod segment 3 only a little longer than exopod 1, with 3 spines 
and 4 setae, apical spines with hyaline membranes, innermost spine 
subequal to or a little shorter than segment, apical seta usually 
reaching considerably beyond apical spine; endopod 1-segmented, 
with 6 setae, the apical reaching to end of exopod 3 or beyond. 

Legs 2-4: Exopod segment 3 with 3 spines and 5 setae; endopods 
2-segmented, second segment with 6 setae in legs 2-3 and 5 setae 
in leg 4, all apical setae reaching beyond exopod 3. Exopod segment 
3 of legs 2-3 shorter than exopod segments 1 + 2 (about 1:1.24; 
range 1:1.21-1.31), that of leg 4 subequal to segments 1 + 2 (1:1.08); _ 
inner apical spine of leg 2 a little shorter than or subequal to exopod 


Ficure 1.—Eurytemora arctica, new species, female: a, habitus, lateral view, leg 5 omitted 
(Lake 4), and variation of cephalic protuberance (Lake 8); 6, habitus with apex of anten- 
nule, dorsal view (Lake 4); c, detail of right metasomal wing, lateral view; d, detail of 
metasomal wings and urosome, dorsal view; ¢, genital segment, ventral view, with detail 
of operculum; f, mandible, apex of blade; g, antennule. 


tt 
‘3 fy 
ud 


OS LLL LEE 


fy 

SS 
Zi 

: LZ 





558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


3, that of legs 3-4 longer than exopod 3 (leg 3, from 1.02 to 1.10:1; 
leg 4, from 1.08 to 1.17:1); inner apical seta reaching almost to end 
of or a little beyond inner spine in leg 2, shorter than spine in legs 3-4. 
(Measurements of exopod segments in midline, exopod 1 measured 
from exact base which is inserted deeply into basal segment 2; in 
above ratios, exopod 3 expressed as 1). 

Leg 5 (figs. 2a, b): Exopod segment 1, outer spines variable in 
length, first usually longer than width of segment, second as long as 
first spine or shorter; outer margin of segment constricted distad to 
insertion of first spine; inner process slender throughout, directed 
inwards, tip upcurved and finely serrate, about 4 * width of distal 
part of segment (process measured from notch near base to its tip; 
segment from notch of process to insertion of distal spine). Exopod 
segment 2 slender, length less than twice width (about 1.7:1); 
length of outer apical spine variable, ranging from about one-half to 
a little more than that of segment (figs. 24 and 2b show extremes); 
inner apical spine elongate, shorter than or subequal to total exopod 
length and ranging from 5.6 to 7 X length of segment 2 and from 
3.2 to 4.8 & that of outer spine; segment not produced to sharp point 
between spines, with or without setule on inner margin. 

Copepodid stage V: Total length (1 specimen, Lake 4, July 28, 
1960): 1.72 mm. (metasome, 1.025; urosome, 0.695). Cephalic pro- 
tuberance present. Metasomal wings shorter than in adult but of 
similar form. Proportional length of urosome segments similar to 
adult, but caudal rami shorter, their length less than segments 2 + 
3 (0.8:1), width about 4 X length; genital segment without lateral 
protrusions. Antennules a little shorter than metasome. Leg 5 
(fig. 2b): Inner process of exopod 1 a little longer than width of 
segment. Length of specimens from Umiat less than that of Lake 4 
specimen (1.321.438 mm.); length of their caudal rami subequal to 
or only a little less than urosome segments 2 + 3. 

DESCRIPTION OF MALE.—Total length: 1.56-1.65 mm. Greatest 
width of metasome in segments 2-3; distal segments not so narrowed 
as in female. Distal cephalic protuberance present. Urosome (fig. 
3f) without ornamentation; segment 4 the shortest, segment 5 the 
longest. Caudal rami: Length subequal to urosome segments 3 + 
4 + 5, about 7 X greatest width; with inner marginal and outer 
distal hairs but no surface ornamentation; caudal setae similar to 
those of female, lateral seta subequal to and others longer than rami. 

Antennules reaching a little beyond metasome. ‘The left differmg 





Ficure 2.—Eurytemora arctica, new species, female (appendages drawn to same scale): 
a and ¢, leg 5, adult, showing variation in outer spines and detail of bases of exopod 3 
spines; b, leg 5, copepodid stage V; d, leg 2; ¢, leg 1; f, leg 3, exopod 3; g, leg 4. 








560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


from female in more distinct separation of segments 8—9 and in having 
only 1 seta on segment 11 and sometimes 2 setae on segment 4 (this 
latter possibly an anomaly); aesthetes on all of segments 1-19 except 
on 4; setae not as long as those of female; many of the aesthetes 
more developed than in female (fig. 3b), those of segments 13, 15, 
and 17 unusually stout and elongate, each reaching almost to end of the 
succeeding 3 segments. Right antennule: Spines of segments 8-12 all 
very short (fig. 3c), not more developed than reduced spines of seg- 
ments 8, 10, and 12 of left antennule; aesthetes of segments 13 and 15_ 
stout and elongate (fig. 3a), reaching beyond succeeding 2 segments; 
apical portion beyond geniculation 2-segmented, subequal in length 
to combined segments 15-18; approximate ratio of lengths of last. 
4 segments (segment 17 expressed as 1): 1:1.4:2:2.6. 

Mandible blade and legs 1-4 similar to female. 

Leg 5 (figs. 3d, e; drawn from legs mounted in shallow depression 
slides so that structural features not distorted by cover glass pressure) : 
First basal segments fused, remnant of connecting plate present; 
left longer than right; right with inner marginal lobes. Right leg: 
Basal segment 2 with small inner proximal lobe, distal part of segment 
broadened inwardly; exopod 1 with prominent inner distal swelling; 
exopod 2 only a little longer than exopod 1, constricted near middle 
but without segmental separation in any observed specimens, basal 
part broader than distal and with marginal sclerotization and short) 
inner and outer spines, narrowed distal part a little longer than basal. 
Left leg: Inner proximal portion of anterior face of basal segment 2 
sclerotized (or cuticle thickened), forming narrow plate produced 
into spinous point; outer spine of exopod 1 longer than width of seg-. 
ment; exopod segment 2 a little longer than right exopod 2, distal por- 
tion broadened beyond middle, apex irregular in shape but without 
prominent protrusion and armed with very short spinules. 

Copepodid stage V: Total length range: 1.275-1.56 mm. (Lake 4, 
1.38-1.46 mm.; Lake 3, 1.56 mm.; Umiat, 1.275-1.40 mm.). Form 
of metasome similar to adult; cephalic protuberance not prominent. 
Urosome 4-segmented, last segment (= segments 4 + 5 of adult) 
subequal in length to segments 2 + 3; caudal rami subequal to seg- 
ments 3-5, asin adult. Antennules reaching to end of metasome or a 
little beyond. Leg 5 (fig. 3g): Spines of exopod segments stout; inner 
apical spine longer than outer, that of left side longer, usually more 
than one-half length of segment (a single specimen collected from 





Ficure 3.—Eurytemora arctica, new species, male (appendages drawn to same scale): 
a, right antennule, from segment 7 to apex; J, left antennule, segments 11-20; c, right 
antennule, spines of segments 8-12; d and e, leg 5, adult, anterior view (from 2 specimens | 
in slightly different positions and undistorted by cover glass pressure); f, urosome, dorsal; _ 
g, leg 5, copepodid stage V, posterior view. | 





| 





562 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Lake 8 had this spine less developed than in all other specimens, its 
length being less than half the segment). 

Taxonomy.—E. arctica is easily distinguished from other species of 
the genus by the combination of characters summarized in the def- 
inition. It does not appear to be closely related to any known species 
but can be assigned on the basis of characters of the antennules and 
female leg 5 to a broadly defined group that includes E. composita and 
E. gracilicauda. Leg 5 is distinctive in both sexes—that of the female 
in the unusually long extension of the inner process of exopod 1 and 
that of the male in the lobes and processes of the basal segments and 
the structure of exopod 2 of both legs. 

Leg 5 of the male is also distinctive in copepodid stage V. No other 
species illustrated in literature or observed from North American 
fresh and brackish waters has long apical spines (as shown in fig. 39). 
The specimens from Umiat and Noatak can therefore be assigned to 
this species, even though adults were not observed. It is also possible 
that the inner process of leg 5 of stage V female is longer than in other 
species of Alaskan Hurytemora, but more study is required to deter- 
mine this. 


OccURRENCE IN CarpE THompson REGION 


LAKE 4 (type locality; see above, p. 554). —Only 33 individuals were 
captured in both quantitative and qualitative open-water and littoral 
samples taken on 17 dates between June 24 and November 7, 1960; 
no specimens occurred after September 8 nor in mid- and late winter 
samples in 1961. The species was present in open-water samples 
taken in the deepest part of the lake on 10 of the 17 dates in 1960 
and in 1 littoral sample (June 24). Of the total 11 dates, only 1 
specimen occurred on 4 dates, from 2 to 6 on 6 dates, and 9 adults, 
the largest number, were taken on the remaining date. From July 21, 
specimens were in copepodid stages V and VI. Stage VI (adults) first 
appeared on July 14 and was the only one present in samples of late 
August to mid-September. Of the 10 adult females, none carried 
ovisacs or spermatophores. Three of the 6 males taken on August 27 
and September 8 had spermatophores attached to the apex of left leg 5. 

Summary of number of specimens of copepodid stages (C) collected 
on the 11 dates of 1960: 


June July August September 
24 tae, 14. 2211-5 28 4 19 27 8 14 

Catt 1 

Cari 2 

Cc IVe 1 ye ea | 

Cc Ve? 1 1 

C Vo 1 2 

Cr Ve Zee 2 4 1 

C Vig 1 1 5 1 1 





NO. 3534 EURYTEMORA—WILSON AND TASH 563 


In 1961, collections were made in Lake 4 from April to August 7. 
No specimens of /. arctica were taken in open water until July 6. 
On July 13 and two subsequent dates, both open water and the beds 
of rooted vegetation (mostly Arctophila fulva) were sampled, the 
latter by hand-dipping a net. The samples from the two areas are 
not quantitatively comparable, but it is believed that due to the 
difficulty of maneuvering both the boat and the net in the thick 
vegetation, only a small part of the population of thelatter wassampled. 

Summary of number of specimens of copepodid stages (C) collected 
on four dates of 1961: 


open water vegetation 
CIV CV2 CYVe¢ CAV. CVO VE Vics 
July 6 1 not collected 
July 13 1 1 2 5 
August 2 1 29 22 
August 7 1 3 6 5 
Total specimens 7 70 


PONDS AND POOLS NEAR LAKE 4.—The poorly drained Carex marsh 
surrounding Lake 4 has numerous ponds and pools of varying size 
and permanence. In 1960, FE. arctica was collected from 3 of those 
having a heavy growth of vegetation around the perimeter or partially 
covering the water. Collection records: (1) Pond (estimated area, 
500 square meters; maximum depth about 1 meter; permanent), 
July 7: 1 C III, 2 C VQ; occurring with Heterocope septentrionalis and 
Diaptomus arcticus. (2) Pool (estimated area, 83 square meters; 
maximum depth about 1 meter), September 8: 1 C VI9 with ovisac, 
15 C VIo’, some with spermatophores attached to apex of leg 5. 
(3) Pool (estimated area, 10 square meters; maximum depth about 1 
meter), September 8: 2 C VI@ (1 with incomplete ovisac), 6 C VI. 

Lake 3 (68°11'09’’ N., 165°42’02’’ W.; surface area, 1.8 hectares; 
maximum depth, about 1.52 meters).—In 1 of 2 samples collected 
on different dates from open water, August 19, 1960: 2C Vo. On 
July 17, 1959, 4 specimens presumed to be this species (C III, C IV) 
were collected by D. Hilliard from 2 separate pools in the vicinity of 
Lake 3. 

Lake 8 (68°11'06’’ N., 165°42’04’’ W.; area 0.03 hectares; max- 
imum depth about 1.52 meters)—In 1 of 2 samples collected on 
different dates from open water, August 19, 1960: 1C Vo’, 1 C VI¢. 

In 1961, no specimens occurred in collections made on one occasion 
from open water and weeds of Lakes 3 and 8. 

Lax 9 (68°14’06’’ N., 165°34’09’’ W.; about 4 miles northeast of 
Lake 4, in Saligvik Valley; outlet to creek tributary to Kukpuk River; 
surface area about 12 hectares; maximum depth unknown but prob- 


564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


ably not over 3 meters).—The single collection from this lake, August 
21, 1960, contained 7 adults: 6 2 (5 with ovisacs), 1 o. 

PONDS AND POOLS NEAR LAKE 9.—(1) Pool (about 1 mile north- 
west; estimated area, 25 square meters; maximum depth about 1 
meter; vegetation largely Carex and Sphagnum), August 23, 1960: 
1C VI9,1CVI°&. (2) Pond (about 1 mile southwest; estimated 
area, 627 square meters; maximum depth about 1.5 meters; vegetation 
largely Hipperus, Arctophila, Sphagnum), August 21, 1960: 1C V@. 

COASTAL REGION SOUTH OF CAPE THOMPSON.—One or two specimens 
were collected from each of four more or less brackish pools near 
Singoalik Lagoon in 1960 (table 1). Large numbers of E. gracil- 
cauda of similar size and habitus (see p. 567), occurred in two of these 
samples and early copepodid stages (C II-C III) that were present 
might be either of the two species. In 1961, recognizable stages of 
E. arctica were not collected in any coastal pools that were sampled. 


OccuRRENCE IN Noatak River WATERSHED 


Locality about 58 miles inland from Chukchi Sea, near junction of 
Kelly and Noatak Rivers, about 67°58’ N., 162°20’ W. Tash collec- 
tion: 12C V 29°; permanent freshwater pond, area about 0.2 hectares, 
depth about 1.8 meters, from weedy margin (Carex dominant), July 
29, 1961; occurring with Diaptomus gracilis. This region is a part 
of the Brooks Range physiographic province southeast of Cape 
Thompson; the Noatak River and its tributaries drain a considerable 
part of the western portion of the northern mountains of Alaska. 
Eurytemora yukonensis, not yet known from the Arctic Slope province, 
also occurred in shallow bodies of water of the Noatak region with 
D. gracilis. 

OccuRRENCE AT UmiatT 


Locality on Colville River in northern Alaska, in foothills of Brooks 
Range, about 65 miles inland from Beaufort Sea, about 69°24’ N., 
152°15’ W. Wilson collection: 41 specimens (9 CIV? @%; 32 C VQ) 
taken by casting small net an unknown distance from shore in shallow, 
freshwater permanent pond, estimated area about 0.2 hectares, 
July 29, 1949, collector, C. S. Wilson; occurring with a few specimens 
of Heterocope septentrionalis (C VI) and Diaptomus pribilofensis (C 
IV-VI). 

Brionomics 


Restriction to either brackish or fresh water cannot be assumed for 
species of Hurytemora, but some occur much more commonly im one 
than in the other. £. arctica was rare in brackish coastal pools and 
was not found in the lagoons at Cape Thompson, although all other 





NO. 3534 EURYTEMORA—WILSON AND TASH 565 


Arctic Slope species that range from brackish into fresh water were 
collected in them. As presently known the species occurs commonly 
in small, shallow freshwater tundra lakes, pools, and ponds, and 
rarely in coastal brackish pools. Its distributional range is in the 
Arctic Slope and Brooks Range physiographic provinces, from the 
coastal region of Cape Thompson east to Umiat and south to the 
Noatak River watershed, between about 67°—70° N. latitude and 
152°-166° W. longitude. 

The species of Hurytemora found in fresh water occur in a variety 
of bodies of water, ranging in size from shallow pools to large, deep 
lakes. Although some species appear environmentally restricted, 
others seem ubiquitous, and it is difficult to judge from distributional 
data what habitats are marginal for such species. For instance, in 
Alaska E. yukonensis occurs in the largest and deepest lakes of the 
State (those of the Bristol Bay region) but is also found in shallow lakes 
and ponds along the lower Yukon and Noatak Rivers, where it has 
been collected from both open waters and submerged vegetation. 
Other species of Hurytemora have been found abundantly in the rooted 
vegetation of small, shallow lakes and ponds; for example, E. gracili- 
cauda was collected in large numbers from grassy margins and from 
beds of Arctophila of small, shallow lakes and ponds on eastern Saint 
Matthew Island in the Bering Sea, about 60°30’ N.,173°30’ W. (Wilson 
collection: August 1954, R. and R. Rausch, collectors; a few Diaptomus 
pribilofensis occurred in some of the weed collections). There are 
records in the literature of other species of EHurytemora associated 
with weeds. Willey (1928a, p. 331; 1923b, p. 6) records a reproducing 
population of EF. affinis “amongst dwarf weeds in the littoral zone of 
a swampy shore” of Lake St. John, Quebec, and Lowndes (1935) 
reports E. velox as not only common among weeds but as being found 
“attached to algae.”’ From these observations it appears that studies 
of freshwater calanoid copepods in geographic regions in which 
Eurytemora is expected to occur must include exploration of more 
than the open waters of lakes and ponds, usually considered as the 
typical habitat for calanoids. 

Eurytemora arctica in the Cape Thompson region represents an 
example of this need for detailed examination of weed beds. In 
the open waters of Lake 4 (depth, 2.4 meters) large numbers of three 
other calanoid copepods (Heterocope septentrionalis, Diaptomus are- 
ticus and D. pribilofensis) were collected throughout the season in 1960 
in noticeable contrast to the small numbers of F. arctica. This erratic 
occurrence of EF. arctica in open-water samples suggested a population 
localized within the lake and from which occasional individuals 
wandered into the selected areas being routinely sampled. Therefore, 
in 1961, other areas of the lake were investigated and larger numbers 


566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


of H. arctica were captured from the thick beds of Arctophila that 
extend out into the lake (water depth, 1.0-1.5 meters) than in open 
water (see above, p. 563)—in contrast to relatively few individuals 
of the other calanoid copepods. Although the data are not as exhaus- 
tive as is desirable, we believe it reasonable to assume that the popula- 
tion of this lake is localized in the Arctophila beds. In the Noatak 
River pond, the species was likewise collected among weeds but not 
from open water. Other records of occurrence contribute little to the 
question of localization in weed beds. The vegetation of the pond at 
Umiat, from which fairly large numbers were taken, is unknown, but 
the method of collecting precluded sampling of both the deepest open 
water and thick weed beds, while not excluding thinly developed 
littoral growths. Excepting Lake 4, none of the bodies of water in the 
Cape Thompson region were sampled adequately or frequently 
enough to determine the absence or the preferences of a highly localized 
or rare species. 

It is reasonable to suggest from the available data that the popula- 
tion of E. arctica in Lake 4 is monocyclic and overwinters as resting 
eggs, rather than as adults or late copepodid stages, as is probably 
true for many other calanoid copepods in shallow bodies of fresh 
water on the Arctic Slope of Alaska (Wilson and Tash, MS.). Data 
are not conclusive because the localized habitat was not adequately 
sampled for a critical study of the life cycle, and the suggestion 
originates from these observations: (1) littoral and open-water samples 
of late spring-early summer in 1960 and 1961, during and after thawing, 
had neither adults nor late copepodid stages; (2) copepodid stages 
found in 1960 showed seasonal progression from early to adult stage, 
and developmental stages were not collected after adults had become 
established; (3) samples from the deep, open waters taken under ice 
in January 1961 (ice depth, 1.22 meters) and in April when ice depth 
was greatest (1.75 meters) contained no Hurytemora of any stage. 

The weedy portion of the lake in which the population is presumably 
established is of such depth (1.0-1.5 meters) that it freezes to the 
bottom by the end of winter (April) so that copepodid stages would 
not survive during the winter. It should be noted also that no 
specimens were collected in open water after September 14, 1960, 
although other calanoids were present in samples taken until Novem- 
ber 7. Presumably, reproduction takes place in the Arctophila bed, and 
overwintering resting eges would be deposited there. The only indica- 
tions of dates of breeding and egg production were late in the season 
(August 21, 27, and September 8) when males with spermatophores 
on leg 5 and females with ovisacs were taken in Lake 4 and nearby 
pools, and in Lake 9. 

Field studies on coastal pool populations were too few to supply 





NO. 3534 EURYTEMORA—WILSON AND TASH 567 


evidence for the bionomics of /. arctica, and only some speculative 


points that might have value in future studies can be offered. Pre- 
sumably development in some pools is both earlier and more rapid 
than in other pools and in Lake 4. The appearance of adults of £. 
arctica in one pool and of F. gracilicauda in two pools as early as June 
29, 1960, cannot be accounted for by overwintering of live specimens, 
because the pools are so shallow they would freeze to the bottom 
before thawing. It is more reasonable to assume that the populations 
of these two species developed from overwintering resting eggs in 
bodies of water that not only melted early (as was observed in the 
coastal area for some bodies of water in May) but had a high enough 
temperature to permit a comparatively rapid development of some of 
the population to the adult stage. If such bodies of water did not 
dry out during the summer season there would be time for develop- 
ment of a second generation as Oloffson (1918) postulated for 2. raboti 
in Spitzbergen and as may be true for some Alaskan Kurytemora. On 
the other hand, adults of a monocyclic population that developed 
rapidly might not persist long after egg production in a shallow pocl 
with fluctuating water level where it is associated with a related and 
more dominant species. Successful collection of a short-lived, mono- 
cyclic species would be dependent upon an element of chance in 
sampling the body of water at the particular short period of time when 
identifiable copepodid stages were present. Such factors might ac- 
count in part for failure to collect more specimens of /. arctica in the 
coastal pools. An additional factor that might be very important but 
difficult to assess until more of the numerous bodies of water along the 
coast of Alaska are investigated, is that brackish water even of very 
low salinity is a marginal habitat for /. arctica, it being dominantly 
a freshwater species. 


Coastal Pools and Ponds 


Three species of Hurytemora were collected in pools and ponds on 
the coast (table 1). Of these, precisely identifiable copepodid stages 
of £. arctica occurred only as one or two specimens in four pools in 
1960, so that its importance as part of the coastal brackish fauna is 
not known. The other two species, EZ. canadensis and E. gracilicauda, 
oceurred in large numbers and frequently enough to be considered 
characteristic elements of both fresh and brackish coastal bodies of 
water. They were associated with one another in brackish pools or 
occasionally with Limnocalanus johanseni, a dominant associate of 
Eurytemora in nearby lagoons and the only other calanoid copepod 
found in the brackish pools. In freshwater pools, E. gracilicauda 
occurred with the freshwater calanoid Heterocope septentrionalis. 


568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Samples reported here represent only a small part of such habitats 
in the entire Cape Thompson region. Most are from the marshy area 
near Singoalik Lagoon and are characterized as pools because of their 
intermittent nature and small size. Many are shallow, ranging from 
only 15 to 30 em. in depth but some have a maximum depth of about 
1 meter. Those near Singoalik and Mapsorak Lagoons are considered 
as more or less brackish; precise salinity records associated with the 
collections are not available but other records indicate that they are 
not continuously fresh. Salinity undoubtedly varies with the fluctu- | 
ating water level which may be considerable both during a season and — 
from one year to another. 

Records are summarized by year of collection in table 1. Excepting 
Pool 1, the pools from which collections were made in 1961 were not 
correlated with any of the previous year, and it is not known which 
correspond to the pools listed for 1960. Copepodid stages are listed 
for each date. In no instance do the collections furnish adequate data 
for life cycle studies, but they do emphasize the value of the locale for 
such studies. Of particular interest is the question of whether such 
populations of Hurytemora, unlike most other calanoids of continental 
bodies of water on the Arctic Slope, produce more than one generation 
a year (Wilson and Tash, MS.). The copepodid stages present in the 
series of 1960 collections in Pool 1 (table 1) suggest two generations of 
E. gracilicauda. Absence of any specimens in the middle of the season 
may have been due to the presence of the species only as naupliar 
stages which collecting gear failed to sample. Production of two 
generations in a season would undoubtedly be dependent upon early | 
melting of snow and ice in the region, as probably happened in 1960 
when adults bearing ovisacs were collected as early as June 29 (see 
discussion under EF. arctica, p. 567). As with E. gracilicauda, the © 
records of #. canadensis in shallow pools that freeze to the bottom, 
not only in the Cape Thompson region but in other parts of its dis- 
tributional range, suggest overwintering of the species as resting eggs. 


Coastal Lagoons 


Including those studied by Johnson in 1959, a total of 11 lagoons 
has been surveyed. As Johnson (1961) indicated, they group natural- 
ly into those lying north and south of Cape Thompson, and they are — 
summarized here by these geographic subdivisions (table 2). They 
are dish shaped in profile, range in length from 3.2 to 8.0 km., are 
shallow (maximum depth, 3 meters), and are free of ice cover for | 
about 2%-3 months. Most do not now have direct connections with _ 
the sea. Maximum temperatures recorded in 1960 were 13.7° C. on — 
July 18 for Mapsorak Lagoon and 16.2° C. for Pusigrak Lagoon. | 





NO. 3534 EURYTEMORA—WILSON AND TASH 569 


TABLE 1.—Calanoid copepod species composition (genera EKurytemora and Lim- 
nocalanus) of Cape Thompson coastal pools and ponds, 1960-1961 








Location ’ 
Body Of} (see table 2 for lo- 


2 Copepodid stages (I-VI) 
water | ‘cation of lagoons) | 3 
oa) 


E. arctica EE. gracili- FE. imms.t EF. cana- L. johan- 


cauda densis seni 
1960 
pool near Akoviknak X | July 138 LV=Vir 
Lagoon 
pool E. end Mapsorak BK July 26 IV 
Lagoon 
pothole | dry creekbed near ? July 26 “I-VI 
Mapsorak La- 
goon 
Pool1 | near Singoalik Bx June 29 *IV-VI Iil 
Lagoon 
July 4 *V-VI *V-VI 
July 11 v-VI I-Il AA 
July 18 Vice) *IV-VI I-III 
July 25 *VI III 
Aug. 1,8 
Aug. 17 L-Il 
Aug. 22 VI 
Aug. 29 V-VI II-V 
pool near Singoalik x June 29 VES) AVSV IE 
Lagoon 
July 12 IV-V V-VI 
3 pools | near Singoalik x July 12 *IV-VI III *IV-VI 
Lagoon 
pool near Singoalik x Aug. 23 IV-V II-III VI (19) 
Lagoon 
2 pools | near Singoalik EXG Aug, 23 *IV-VI II-III 
Lagoon 
pond near Singoalik x July 12 V-VI VI 
Lagoon 
2 pools | near above pond x Aug. 29 |VI (29, 1%) 
pool E. bank Singoalik X | Aug. 6 IV-VI 
Creek, 1 mi. N. 
Singoalik Lagoon 
pool near above X | Aug. 6 VI with Heterocope 
septentrionalis 
pool near Singoalik X | Aug. 6 *IV-VI 
Creek, 2 mi, 
inland 
pool E. bank Ogotoruk X | July 28 Vv 
Creek, 1 mi, N. 
Chariot site 
1961 
Pool1 | near Singoalik x July 10 *IV-VI II-III 
Lagoon 
pool near Singoalik x July 10 IV-VI IV-V 
Lagoon 
pool near Singoalik p.4 July 10 *VI *III-VI VI 
Lagoon 
pool near Singoalik >:¢ July 10 II-V 
Lagoon 
pool near Singoalik x July 10 IV-V I-III IlII-V 
Lagoon 
pool at Chariot site X | July 16 IV-VI with Heterocope 
(68°06’ N., 165° septentrionalis 
45’ W.) 





*Females with attached ovisacs present in sample. 
{Stages I-III of EZ. arctica and E. gracilicauda cannot be distinguished from one another with precision; 
probably most, if not all, specimens listed in this column are E. gracilicauda; none are E. canadensis. 


570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


With a few exceptions during the observed periods, salinity was 
relatively low (table 2). It seems logical to expect, however, that 
the salinity of all the lagoons may be subject to greater or lesser 
variation both throughout the season and from one year to another 
because of physical factors influenced by the weather and climate 
of this high latitude region. Strong winds are frequent even in the 
summer months, resulting in practically no thermal or haline strati- 
fication and contributing also to an erratic sampling of plankton 
organisms. ‘Thus, data from one week or year to another are not 
necessarily sufficient to estimate accurately the quantitative abun- 
dance of a species or to assume that its absence from a sample means 
that it was also absent from the lagoon. Records in table 2 should 
be viewed on the basis of these considerations. 

Johnson found four species of Hurytemora in nine of the lagoons 
in 1959. Two of these (Z. herdmani, E. pacifica) were not found 
in our collections, but three additional species (EZ. composita, E. 
raboti, E. gracilicauda) occurred. FE. arctica was not present in 
the lagoons but was collected in pools, so that eight species of Euryte- 
mora occur in the coastal area. In order to indicate what is known 
of the continuity of species composition shown by three years of 
collecting, Johnson’s records for August 1959 are combined here 
with our records of July 1959 and of 1960-1961 (table 2). 

With two exceptions, collections from the eight lagoons south of 
Cape Thompson yielded only E. canadensis, usually in association 
with and in smaller numbers than Limnocalanus johanseni. Both of 
these species in Alaska occur along the coast in waters ranging from 
low salinity to fresh, but there are more known records of E. eanaden- 
sis than of L. johanseni in fresh water with associated freshwater 
calanoid genera such as Heterocope and Diaptomus (literature and 
Wilson collection). 

Mapsorak Lagoon (Johnson no. 28) presents a striking example of 
the temporal nature of the copepod communities that may at times 
be collected. In 1959, Johnson found nine marine species that he con- 
sidered as having been “probably only recently recruited from the 
sea.”” He describes the lagoon as having ‘‘a narrow above-sea-outlet 
that probably floods with sea water during high storms.’’ That this 
large assemblage of species probably had been washed into the lagoon 
from the sea is suggested by the high salinity and by the fact that 
none of the species was found in series of samples taken weekly in 
1960 and 1961. The difference in the species of Hurytemora found in 
the three years is noteworthy. . herdmani and E. pacifica, occurring 
only during the period of high salinity in 1959, are typical of inshore 
waters of the Alaskan coast but are not known from fresh waters nor 
from waters of extremely low salinity. In 1960, relatively low salinity 





NO. 3534 EURYTEMORA—WILSON AND TASH 571 


was recorded and four other species of Hurytemora were found (table 2), 
all of which range from brackish to fresh waters. Of these, EH. com- 
posita and EH. raboti were not collected again in Cape Thompson sam- 
ples, but since they are known to be widely distributed in diverse bodies 
of water along the northwestern Alaskan coast, they may well occur in 
unsampled ponds or pools of the area. Whether populations are estab- 
lished in inshore-offshore waters is unknown but both have been 
recorded from coastal continental bodies of water of high salinity 
(Mohr et al, 1961; Holmquist, 1963; Heron, 1964). Since ovigerous 


females and developmental stages of both species were found in the 


lagoon in 1960 on several dates, it was surprising not to find them in 
1961 samples. The other two species of 1960 samples, E. canadensis 
and E. gracilicauda, are both highly characteristic of waters of very 
low salinity and commonly range into fresh waters. LE. gracilicauda 
occurred in very small numbers on only two different dates in 1960, 
and its absence in 1961 suggests it may have been a straggler washed 
into the lagoon from nearby pools. 

The sparsity of numbers of individuals of species such as E. cana- 
densis, and the lack of knowledge of occurrence of other species 
throughout the season, did not make the collections of value for life 
cycle studies. However, observations of the populations of EZ. foveola 
from the lagoons north of Cape Thompson indicated that they were 
reproducing. Collections in July contained ovigerous females with 
developing ova, accompanied by all copepodid stages, suggesting the 
possibility that this species could produce two generations during 
favorable seasons. Aiautak Lagoon is very large (about 8 km. in 
length), and the single collection, a littoral tow from the south end, 
may give an incomplete indication of its calanoid species composition. 
E. foveola has not yet been found in fresh water (Wilson collection), 
but its occurrence in lagoons of low, variable salinity and association 
with other species of Hurytemora that are known to range from 
brackish to fresh waters, suggest a greater euryhalinity than indicated 
by the presently known occurrences. 

Crustaceans other than calanoid copepods were at times abundant 
in the lagoons, especially Cyclops spp. and Daphnia spp. (Johnson, 
1961; Hilliard and Tash, 1966). Both of these freshwater genera 
are recorded throughout literature from brackish waters along sea- 
coasts (examples can be found in Gurney, 1933; C. B. Wilson, 1932; 
Lagerspetz, 1958; Carpelan, 1964). Some species are tolerant of low 
salinities and of changing conditions throughout the season. The 
almost universal tendency to consider them as genera confined to 
fresh water may be misleading when attempting to characterize 
coastal bodies of water by their faunal elements. In some regions, 
the absence of freshwater calanoid genera is probably more significant 


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574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


in determining brackishness in absence of other data. In the Cape 
Thompson lagoons of very low salinity, the common freshwater 
calanoid genera of the region, Heterocope and Diaptomus, have not 
established populations. A few specimens of D. arcticus were found 
in one lagoon in August 1960, but since none were collected at other 
dates, we believe them to be stragglers washed into the lagoon from 
a freshwater source. The few harpacticoid copepod genera that were 
collected are, like the calanoid genera Eurytemora and Limnocalanus, 
those having species with varying degrees of euryhalinity—Daniels- 
senia, Nitocra, Onychocamptus. 


Distribution of Cape Thompson Eurytemora 


The group of eight species of Hurytemora in the relatively small area 
surveyed on the coast of the Chukchi Sea, ranging 39 miles north and 
south of Cape Thompson (from latitude 68°15’-67°55’ N. and longi- 
tude 165°02’-166°08’ W.) and about 11 miles inland (from latitude 
68°11’-68°14’ N.) is the largest assemblage of species of the genus 
recorded from any similar-sized area of the world. This group also 
represents about one-half of the species known for the world and 
nearly all of those known for Alaska (8:10) or North America (8:11). 
Similar large numbers of species occur in coastal areas south of Cape 
Thompson, where Heron (1964) found, in a single sample, five species 
in Kivalina Lagoon and four species in two samples from Krusenstern 
Lagoon. Including those of neritic waters and continental bodies of 
water, five species are currently known (literature and Wilson col- 
lection) along the Beaufort seacoast from Point Barrow eastwards 
as well as along the coast of the Bering Sea south to the Alaska 
Peninsula. Similar numbers occur in nearby Asian waters so that 
the geographic region of northern and western Alaska and north- 
eastern Asia is, in present-day distribution, richer in numbers of species 
than any other of the world. This large representation probably 
reflects the northern origin of both the genus and many of its species, 
and emphasizes how well the biological requirements of the species 
are met by the arctic-subarctic environment. The species of all 
types of habitat illustrate the strong zoogeographic affinity between 
the copepod faunas of Alaska and northeastern Asia, previously 
pointed out by M. S. Wilson (1953b). 

The eight species of Cape Thompson Eurytemora include all but 
one of the total number known for landlocked bodies of water of 
the Arctic Slope physiographic province of Alaska, of which the 
Cape Thompson region is a part. In this province, comprising the 
Arctic coastal plain and the foothills of the Brooks Mountain Range, 








NO. 3534 EURYTEMORA—WILSON AND TASH 575 


including the Chukchi seacoast south to about Cape Krusenstern, 
Eurytemora is known from scattered localities along the Beaufort and 
Chukchi seacoasts to about 65 miles inland. The nine Arctic Slope 
species include those of inshore-offshore waters (#. americana, herd- 
mani, pacifica) which have been found at least once in a body of 
water on land. The species composition of the two large lagoons 
south of Cape Thompson at Kivalina and Cape Krusenstern, studied 
by Heron (1964), is similar to that of some lagoons at Cape Thompson 
except that EH. americana was present and EH. canadensis was absent 
from Heron’s samples. Further exploration of fresh waters may add 
to the Arctic Slope list the tenth species known from Alaska, £. 
yukonensis M.S. Wilson (1953a). The northernmost record of this 
species is just southeast of Cape Thompson in the Noatak River 
watershed (above, p. 564). 

Four Cape Thompson species are recent additions to North 
American fauna. In addition to FE. arctica described above, 
foveola was described from Cape Thompson lagoons by Johnson 
(1961). E. raboti ranges from Spitzbergen and the Siberian coast to 
the Barrow region, Alaska, where it has been found in collections of 
J. L. Mohr and associates, made in 1953 in brackish ponds (Wilson 
collection) and in 1960 in Nuwuk Lake (Mohr et al, 1961). It was 
collected in 1961 from Sinclair (or Minga) Lake, east of Barrow, by 
Holmquist (1963). It was first recognized in North American waters 
by Heron (1964) in 1959 samples from Krusenstern and Kivalina 
Lagoons. FE. gracilicauda, another Asian species new to North 
America, was described by Akatova (1949) from freshwater Siberian 
lakes in the basin of the Kolyma River (about 69° N., 161° E.). 
The Wilson collection has several samples of E. gracilicauda from 
Alaskan fresh and brackish waters, ranging from the Arctic Slope 
south to the Alaska Peninsula; figures and notes are in manuscript to 
be published elsewhere. 


Literature Cited 
Axatova, N. A. 
1949. Zooplankton Reki Kolymy i ee basseina. Uchenye Zapiski Lgu., 
no. 126, Ser. Biol. Nauk [Sci. Rep. Univ. Leningrad, no. 126, Biol. 
Sci. Ser.], vol. 21, pp. 341-367, 5 figs. [In Russian.] 
CARPELAN, Lars H. 
1964. Effects of salinity on algal distribution. Ecology, vol. 45, no. 1, 
pp. 70-77, 3 figs. 
GuRNEY, RoBERT 
1933. British fresh-water Copepoda, vol. 3, 384 pp., figs. 1196-2061. Lon- 
don: Ray Society. 
Heron, Gaye A. 
1964. Seven species of Eurytemora (Copepoda) from northwestern North 
America. Crustaceana, vol. 7, pt. 3, pp. 199-211, 26 figs. 


576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Hinurarp, Doveras K. and Tasu, Jerry C. 
1966. Notes on the freshwater algae and zooplankton. Jn Environment 
of the Cape Thompson region, Alaska, U.S. Atomic Energy Com- 
mission, pp. 363-413. 
HoLMQuiIst, CHARLOTTE 
1963. Some notes on Mysis relicta and its relatives in northern Alaska. 
Arctic, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 109-128, 7 figs. 
JOHNSON, MARTIN W. 
1961. The zooplankton of some Arctic coastal lagoons of northwestern 
Alaska with description of a new species of Hurytemora. Pacific 
Sci., vol. 15, pp. 311-323, 19 figs. 
LAGERSPETZ, Kari 
1958. The brackish-water tolerance of some freshwater crustaceans. 
Verh. Internat. Ver. Limnol., vol. 13, pp. 718-721, 2 figs. 
Lownpks, A. G. 
1935. The swimming and feeding of certain calanoid copepods. Proc. 
Zool. Soc. London, 1935, pt. 3, pp. 687-715, pls. 1-2 
Monr, Joun L.; RetsH, Donatp J.; BARNARD, J. LAuRENS; LEwis, RoGER W.; 
and GEIGER, STEPHEN R. 
1961. The marine nature of Nuwuk Lake and lesser ponds of the peninsula 
of Point Barrow, Alaska. Arctic, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 210-223, 7 figs. 
OLOFSSON, OSssIAN 
1918. Studien iiber die Siisswasserfauna Spitzbergens. Beitrag zur Sys- 
tematik Biologie und Tiergeographie der Crustaceen und Rota- 
torien. Zool. Bidrag Uppsala, vol. 6, pp. 183-648, 69 figs. 
WI.iry, ARTHUR 
1923a. Notes on the distribution of free-living Copepoda in Canadian 
waters. Contr. Canadian Biol., new ser., vol. 1, pp. 303-334, 
23 figs. 
1923b. Ecology and the partition of biology. Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, 
ser. 3, vol. 17, pp. 1-9, 1 fig. 
WILSON, CHARLES BRANCH 
1932. The copepods of the Woods Hole Region, Massachusetts. U.S. Nat. 
Mus. Bull. 158, 635 pp., 316 figs., pls. 1-41. 
Witson, MILpRED STRATTON 
1953a. New Alaskan records of EHurytemora (Crustacea, Copepoda). Pa- 
cific Sci., vol. 7, pp. 504-512, 7 figs. 
1953b. Some significant points in the distribution of Alaskan fresh-water 
copepod Crustacea. Proc. Second Alaskan Sci. Conf. (1951), 
pp. 315-318. 
Witson, MILDRED STRATTON, and Tasu, JERRY C. 
MS. The life cycles of freshwater calanoid copepods of the Arctic Slope 
of Alaska. 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:1966 





Proceedings of 


mime United States 





National Museum 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION + WASHINGTON, D.C. 


Volume 118 1966 Number 3535 


NEOTROPICAL MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX 


REVISION OF GENUS PSEUDATTERIA 
(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ! 


By Nicuo.as S. Ospraztsov ” 


The species of the genus Pseudatteria Walsingham with their 
comparatively large size and bright coloring appear as the most 
striking moths among the entire South American Tortricidae; to- 
gether with two other superficially similar genera, Atteria Walker and 
Idolatteria Walsingham, they represent an endemic group of the 
Neotropical fauna. Meyrick (1908) established a separate family 
Ceracidae which included the Oriental and Palaearctic genus Cerace 
Walker. Misled by some superficial resemblance of the Neotropical 
Aitteria with Cerace, the same author (Meyrick, 1910) considered 
them to be synonyms of a common genus. In accordance with this 
the Pseudatteria species, not separated at that time from Atteria, 
should also become members of the family Ceracidae. Later Meyrick 
(1912) included this ‘family’ in the Tortricidae, and treated it 
(Meyrick, 1913) as a group of genera, not naming it separately. 

1 Prepared with the aid of a National Science Foundation Grant. Previous 
parts of this same series are: I and II, Clarke, 1962, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
113, no. 3457, pp. 373-388; III, Clarke, 1964, ibid., vol. 115, no. 3480, pp. 61-84; 
IV, Duckworth, 1964, ibid., vol. 116, no. 3497, pp. 97-114; V, Obraztsov, 1964, 
ibid., vol. 116, no. 3501, pp. 183-196; VI, Clarke, 1964, ibid., vol. 116, no. 3502, 
pp. 197-204; VII, Obraztsov, 1966, ibid., vol. 118, no. 3527, pp. 221-232; VIII, 
Duckworth, 1966, ibid., vol. 118, no. 3531, pp. 391-404. 

2 Deceased May 6, 1966. 

577 


578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Busck (1932) probably overlooked the publication of the name 
Ceracidae by Meyrick and established for the same group a syn- 
onymic family name Atteriidae. Clarke (1955) was the first who 
turned his attention to the male genitalia of Pseudatteria and stressed 
the close relationship of this genus to the genera Polyortha Dognin 
and Ardeutica Meyrick. Studies of the present author have con- 
firmed this relationship in the morphology of the female genitalia 
also. Moreover, these studies have shown that the genera Afteria 
and Idolatteria have nothing in common with Pseudatteria except 
for the superficial resemblance; Afteria should be placed in Ana- 
crusini (new status) and Jdolatteria in the tribe Archipini. The 
genera Pseudatteria, Polyortha, and Ardeutica require separation as 
the new tribe Polyorthini, established in this paper. All of the 
above-mentioned genera are quite distinct from the tribe Ceracini 
which maintains its recognized status (Obraztsov, 1954.) 

This paper represents the first revision of the genus Pseudatteria. 
Until the present, most of the species have been known from the 
original descriptions only; additional information was published by 
Clarke (1958) for the species established by Meyrick. Favorable 
circumstances have given the present author an opportunity to 
examine the type specimens of all known species, to figure them and 
their genitalia, to establish the synonymy, to study extensive com- 
parative materials, and to describe seven new species and one new 
subspecies. The paper deals with 24 species of the genus Pseudat- 
teria; some species are represented by females only. 

The author is greatly indebted to all of the following persons 
and institutions for their cooperation and permission to study the 
specimens in their possession. The author expresses his cordial 
thanks to J. D. Bradley of the British Museum (Natural History) 
(BMNH); Dr. J. F. Gates Clarke of the U.S. National Museum 
(USNM), who also placed at the author’s disposal some photographs 
for the present paper; Dr. P. J. Darlington, Director of the Museum 
of Comparative Zoology (MCZ); Dr. W. Forster and Dr. K. Sattler 
of the Bavarian State Zoological Collection (‘‘Zoologische Sammlung 
des Bayerischen Staates” in Munich; ZSM); Dr. H. J. Hannemann 
of the Zoological Institut and Museum of the Humboldt University 
in Berlin (ZMB); Dr. F. Kasy of the Vienna Museum of Natural 
History (VMNH); Dr. A. B. Klots and Dr. F. H. Rindge of the 
American Museum of Natural History (AMNH); and Dr. G. Petersen 
of the German Institut of Entomology (“Deutsches Entomologisches 
Institut’; DEI). The author is grateful also to W. G. Tremewan 
of the British Museum (Natural History) for his careful assistance 
in making genitalic slides. The work on this paper was done under 
the auspices of the National Science Foundation; this agency also 


NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—-OBRAZTSOV 579 


contributed much to the accumulation of the Neotropical Microlepi- 
doptera in the U.S. National Museum. 


Polyorthini, new tribe 


Tineidae (in part).—Dognin, 1912, Hétérocéres nouveaux de l’Amerique du 
Sud, fase. 6, p. 50. 

Tortricidae, groups B (in part) and D (in part) Meyrick, 1913, in Wytsman, 
Genera insectorum, fase. 149, pp. 20 and 47. 

Atteriidae (in part) Buseck, 1932, Bol. Biol., vol. 21, p. 44. 

Ceracidii (in part).—Diakonoff, 1939, Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist., vol. 


21, p. 128. 

Head with face more or less smooth. Antenna simple or false 
serrate because of slightly raised scales; in male shortly pubescent 
with setae protruding, cilia not longer than width of antennal shaft, 
in female with setae only. Labial palpus porrect, moderate to very 
long, tapering distad, rarely with second segment dilated by scales. 
Vein R; of forewing to costa or apex; no costal fold in male. 

MALE GENITALIA.—Kighth abdominal segment with large, well- 
developed coremata, one on each side of segment; clusters of long 
hair arising from these coremata, in resting position hidden in folds 
of valvae. Uncus moderate to rather long, variously shaped, often 
with an apical thorn directed ventrad and at base generally accom- 
panied by a soft papilla; socius moderate to large, hairy, generally 
padlike with broad base, pendant, occasionally modified; gnathos 
with lateral arms distally fused into a middle process. Valva very 
broad, folded outward along sacculus, crossing it longitudinally at 
about middle, and thus forming a kind of pocket opened costally 
and externally; sacculus slightly sclerotized at base, then occasionally 
prolonged as a narrow strip along edge of fold of valva; costa some- 
times sclerotized, occasionally with a rudimentary harpe; no pulvinus 
and processus basalis. Fultura superior shaped as a transverse bar 
between upper inner angles of valvae; vallum penis generally with 
a lamina praeputialis. Aedeagus generally thick, robust, occasionally 
slender, mostly with an apical process, often with sculptures in apical 
portion; cornutus as arule single, large, corniform or variously platelet 
shaped; rarely more than one cornutus or no cornuti; cuneus of little 
spines or thorns often present. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Papillae anales broad, pelmiform, hairy; 
eighth abdominal segment rather short; ovipositor, if developed, 
formed by three narrow, subcylindrical, retractable segments, and 
ending with minute papillae anales. Sinus vaginalis wide, more or 
less infundibular, deep or rather flat, located caudad of seventh 
abdominal segment, and as broad as latter; sterizma simple, composed 
of a rather narrow, band-shaped, transverse lamella antevaginalis 


580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


occasionally fused with adjoining intersegmental membrane showing 
in this case a somewhat modified structure; lamella postvag- 
inalis generally not defined, membranous, forming dorsal wall of 
sinusal funnel. Antrum tubular, generally sclerotized, always 
rather short and wide, as a rule with two lateral colliculi, one on each 
side of antrum. Corpus bursae generally elongate, much longer than 
broad, occasionally somewhat ovate, in greatest portion membranous 
with very fine sculpture; cervix bursae as a rule not separated from 
corpus bursae, merely definable morphologically, more or less sclero- 
tized and sculptured, as broad as or broader than antrum, occasionally 
fused with it; ductus seminalis opening into caudal portion of cervix 
bursae, close to antrum; cestum elongate, more or less sclerotized, 
often with a longitudinal carina, located or starting in cervical area 
of bursa copulatrix, rarely cephalad of it or missing; signum generally 
present, shaped as slightly sclerotized, small area or plate, not always 
distinctly separated from adjacent surface of corpus bursae, gen- 
erally with a transverse, slightly elevated carina and/or various 
sculptures. 

Remarks.—The valva of the Polyorthini is very peculiar and unique 
for the entire family Tortricidae. If spread, it is extraordinarily 
broad, but normally it is folded along the sacculus, and the broad 
infrasaccular lobe, unbent externally, forms together with the inner 
lobe of the valva a kind of pocket opened externally and costally. 
This pocket serves as a receptacle for the cluster of long hairs of the 
corema. The folded valva is foliaceus in its shape. Morphologically 
the external lobe of the valva is probably the same as the infra- 
saccular portion of the valva of some species of Archipini and Ana- 
crusiini, in which it is rudimentary and not straight. 

The female genitalia of the Polyorthini are characterized by a wide 
ostium bursae, and a low differentiation of the separate sections of the 
bursa copulatrix. In most species of the tribe, merely the antrum is 
separated from the bursa while the cervix bursae is united with the 
corpus bursae. Only some few species have the caudal portion of the 
cervical section narrower than the remaining corpus bursae. The 
ductus seminalis opens into this narrow portion, but in the species 
without this contraction the cervical section of the corpus bursae 
directly receives the ductus seminalis. In connection with this mor- 
phology, there are reasons to indicate the caudal sclerotized sculpture 
of the wall of the corpus bursae as a cestum, leaving the name of the 
signum for the sculpture located closer to the fundus bursae. 

In regard to the genitalia, the tribe Polyorthini is rather close to the 
Cnephasiini. The position of vein R; of the forewing, running in the 
Polyorthini to the costa or the wing apex, speaks rather for a more 
ancient origin of this tribe and its probable relationship to the Tor- 


Se ameutmaenienineieemmepens ase meee nnnneantiatts a 


_—_ 


NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—OBRAZTSOV 581 


tricini. The tribe includes the genera Polyortha Dognin, Ardeutica 
Meyrick, Pseudatteria Walsingham, and others not yet described and 
presently in Polyortha. Thus, a key to the genera of the Polyorthini 
cannot be given until a revision of the genus Polyortha is completed. 


Genus Pseudatteria Walsingham, 1913 
Figures 1-12 


Atteria (in part).—Butler, 1872, Cistula Ent., vol. 1, pp. 89-90.—Felder, 1872, 
Heterocera, in Reise der OGstereichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool. Theil, 
vol. 2, zweite Abth., p. 3.—Butler, 1874, Lepidoptera Exotica, p. 178.— 
Druce, 1901, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, pp. 439-440.—Dognin, 
1904, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. 48, pp. 132-133.—Meyrick, 1909, Trans. 
Ent. Soc. London, p. 14.—Dognin, 1912, Hétérocéres nouveaux de l’ Amérique 
du Sud, fase. 6, p. 51.—Meyrick, 1912, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1911, 
p. 676. 

Pseudatteria Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 10, 
p- 16 [quotation of an unpublished name]; 1913, zn Wytsman, Genera insec- 
torum, fase. 149, p. 22. [Type species: Atteria volcanica Butler, 1872.] 

Pseudatteria Walsingham, 1913, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera 
Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 214; 1914, op. cit., vol. 4, pp. 267-269.—Meyrick, 
1917, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 6, 1924, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 
3, pp. 108-109; 1930, op. cit., vol. 3, pp. 606-608; 1932, op. cit., vol. 4, 
p. 254; 1936, Arb. Morph. Taxon. Ent. Berlin, vol. 3, p. 104.—Clarke, 1958, 
Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera . .. described by 
Edward Meyrick, vol. 3, p. 195. 


Type sprecies.—Pseudatteria potamites Walsingham, 1913 (by 
monotypy and original designation.) 


Description.—Head smooth, sides of vertex with longer and 
raised scales. Antenna simple or pseudoserrate, in male densely 
short ciliated and with setae protruding; cilia not longer than width 
of antennal shaft, setose in female only; scapus long, somewhat 
flattened. Labial palpus about four times width of eye or even 
longer, porrect, slightly curved downward; basal segment pronounced; 
second segment with appressed scales, longest of all segments, almost 
uniformly broad along whole length; terminal segment rather long, 
acute. Proboscis moderate. Thorax smooth. 

Forewing smoothly scaled, elongate-subovate; costa strongly 
arched; apex broadly rotundate, termen obliquely convex; tornus 
broadly rotundate; dorsum almost straight, basally arched. No 
costal fold in male. Twelve veins, all separate; S, very gently bent; 
R, from before middle of discal cell; Re more than twice as near to 
R; as to R,; R; twice as remote from R, as R, is from R;; latter vein 
running to apex; internal vein of discal cell from between R,; and R»; 
M,, Me, Ms, and Cu; almost equidistant; Cu; from lower angle, 
Cuz from about two-thirds of discal cell; A, weak; basal fork of 
Ao; shorter than one-fourth of entire vein. 


582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Hindwing subtrapezoidal, slightly narrower than or as_ broad 
as forewing; costa almost straight or slightly undulate; apex rotundate; 
termen flat or slightly sinuate; tornus broadly rotundate; dorsum 
very slightly convex, strongly curved basally. Eight veins; S, 
almost straight; R and M, more or less approximated in basal third, 
then diverging; Mz and M; parallel; M; and Cu; connate or slightly 
separate at lower angle of discal cell; Cue from three-fourths of discal 
cell; all three of anal veins present. No cubital pecten. 

Mae GeniTauia.—Kighth abdominal segment with large lateral 
coremata bearing clusters of long hairs. Uncus moderately long, 
elongate-scaphiform, flatly calathiform or somewhat obcordate, in 
last two cases on a narrow stalk, or equally broad, slightly flattened 
dorsoventrad, and with a transverse, ventral carina; tip of a scaphiform 
or calathiform uncus generally with an apical thorn directed ventrad 
and often with a small papilla at base of this thorn; middle process of 
enathos short; socius weak, haired, more or less dilated, pendant, 
and with a broad base. 'Tegumen rather broad with narrow pedunculi. 
Valva in folded position rotundate-foliaceus, oblong; costa sometimes 
strengthened, especially at base, occasionally with a rudimentary 
harpe; sacculus generally somewhat dilated at base. Fultura superior 
as a simple, transverse bar; vallum penis generally with a more or less 
large, finely spinose lamina praeputialis; fultura inferior rather high. 
Aedeagus generally thick and somewhat stout, occasionally rather 
slender, in both cases with a process at tip, and in distal portion 
sometimes with little scobination; caulis practically absent; coecum 
penis rather rudimentary; a strong generally conriform cornutus, 
sometimes also a cuneus of minute, more or less numerous thorns. 

FremaALe GENITALIA.—Papillae anales pelmiform, oblong, soft, and 
haired. Sinus vaginalis wide, more or less infundibular. Antrum 
shortly tubular, as wide as sinus vaginalis or narrower, generally with 
lateral colliculi, one on each side of antrum; no separate ductus bursae; 
corpus bursae elongate, sometimes very long; cervix bursae not 
differentiated, united with corpus bursae, generally stronger sclerotized 
than latter and sculptured, and merely perceptible morphologically 
as receiving ductus seminalis; in subgenus Pseudatteria cervical section 
of corpus bursae broader than antrum, in remaining subgenera only 
as broad as antrum, and fused with it; cestum generally present, 
located in cervical section of corpus bursae, generally shaped as a 
strongly sclerotized, elongate plate, as a rule with serrate margins and 
a narrow, longitudinal carina; signum (if present) shaped as a rather 
small, generally scobinate plate or an indistinctly outlined area with 
or without a transverse carina. 

Remarxs.—Among the Neotropical Tortricidae the species of the 
genus Pseudatteria are the most striking moths, which, with their 


I o> 





NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—-OBRAZTSOV 583 


bright color and characteristic markings of the wings, might be 
compared only with the species of the tortricid genera Atteria Walker 
(tribe Anacrusiini) and Jdolatteria Walsingham (tribe Archipini). 
The external morphological characters, like the long labial palpi and 
the vein R; of the forewing leading to the wing apex, make the 
separation of the Pseudatteria species from these two genera very 
easy, and the genitalic characters permit their recognition at once as 
members of the tribe Polyorthini. 


Both male and female genitalia provide the bases for a division of 
the genus Pseudatteria into three subgenera, Pseudatteria Walsingham, 
sensu stricto, Hurynatteria, new subgenus, and Sphaeratteria, new 
subgenus, as they are defined in this paper. Only the external 
morphological characters, common in all three of the above subgenera, 
restrain the present author from raising them to the generic status. 


In respect to the markings of the wings the Pseudatteria species 
might be divided into four groups, independent from the subgeneric 
division: 

1. Markings of forewing consist of more or less broad, black 
marginal streaks, variously numerous, and perpendicular or slightly 
oblique to costa and termen; no spots on dorsum; some occasional, 
scarcely developed spots in internal area of forewing; subcostal area of 
forewing white, variously broad; apicoterminal portion of forewing 
also white, very broad; remaining portion of forewing and hindwing 
orange; latter with some white in cilia only and with black spots on 
margins; no internal spots on hindwing (volcanica Butler; splendens 
Druce; cladodes Walsingham; bradleyi, new species; chrysanthema 
Meyrick; igniflora Meyrick; shafferi, new species; dognini, new species; 
tremewani, new species; maenas Meyrick; and pseudomaenas, new 
species). 

2. Black marginal streaks of forewing as in former group, insome 
species narrower and more numerous; as a rule spots on dorsum present; 
internal area of forewing generally with very numerous and well- 
developed spots; white subcostal area of forewing almost as broad as 
in group 1, or narrower to completely lacking; white apicoterminal 
area of forewing always narrower or lacking; hindwing with spots on 
margins and in internal area (symplacota Meyrick; fumipennis Dognin; 
ardoris, new species; leopardina Butler; marmarantha Meyrick; 
myriocosma Meyrick; unciana Dognin; pantherina Felder; heliocausta f. 
baccheutis Meyrick). The nominate form of heliocausta Dognin shows 
the characters intermediate between the two groups, having on the 
forewing no dorsal spots and no or only some occasional, internal 
spots, and the hindwing well spotted in the internal area. 


3. Dark markings of forewing confluent, leaving ground color of 


584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


forewing in form of spots; hindwing with internal spots separate or 
confluent (dictyanthes Meyrick; buckleyi Druce). 

4. Markings of wings greenish blue; costal spots of forewing less 
numerous than in three preceding groups; two very broad, transverse 
bands, and a large spot in external portion of forewing; hindwing with 
internal spots confluent or separate (cantharopa Meyrick; analoga, 
new species). 

Remarxs.—There are no field or other observations on the living 
moths of the genus Pseudatteria, and no information is yet present 
about the natural enemies of these insects. Consequently nothing 
is known about the biological significance of the bright colors of the 
moths in question, and any treatment of these colors as being sematic 
would be based merely on pure speculation. Nevertheless, it is 
important to emphasize that the Pseudatteria species have their 
analogies among Neotropical Lepidoptera belonging to different 
families. This resemblance is in some cases so deceiving that it may 
mislead (and already has misled) taxonomists and cause misinterpre- 
tations of the systematic position of moths (see Appendix at the end 
of this paper). If the resemblance of the Pseudatleria species to those 
of two other tortricid genera, Atteria and Idolatteria, might in some way 
be explained by the law of homologous series in variation (Vavilov, 
1922), this explanation appears hardly applicable to the cases of a 
remote relationship. For instance, many species of the oecophorid 
genus Humimographe Dognin have not only the color but also the 
details of the wing markings of at least three pattern types as they have 
been observed in the genus Pseudatteria. Only the sizes of the moths, 
shapes of the wings, and other morphological details disclose the 
difterent family membership of these species. The zygaenid species 
Euclimacia tortricalis Druce exactly reproduces the color and wing 
markings of Pseudatteria volcanica or some other species of the pattern 
eroup 1. The above resemblance is in no way less complete than in 
the classical examples of mimicry of some South American Rhopaloc- 
era. It should be mentioned that the Pseudatteria species and their 
analogues, which belong to other families of the Lepidoptera, inhabit 
the same localities in many cases. 

Chronologically Meyrick (1912) was the first to introduce the 
generic name Pseudatteria in the literature, crediting this name to 
Walsingham, and writing ‘‘Pseudatteria Wals. Biol. Centr. Amer. 4 
(ined.).”” In his catalogue of the Tortricidae, in which the above 
quotation was published, Meyrick did not establish any new genus, 
and there is no reason to suppose that he intended to make an excep- 
tion for Pseudatteria. Later, Meyrick (‘15th March 1913”) gave 
a description of this genus and named volcanica Butler, one of the 
Pseudatteria species of his above catalogue, as its type species. He 








NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—OBRAZTSOV 585 


again cited Walsingham as the author of the generic name, with the 
same remark ‘‘ined.” This repeated citation of Pseudatteria as an 
unpublished name showed clearly that Meyrick did not recognize 
his paper of 1912 as validating the publication of this genus. 

In the meantime, Walsingham (1913) had published his Pseudat- 
teria and indicated it as anew genus. He designated the new species 
potamites Walsingham (the only Pseudatteria species under this date) 
as its type species. Walsingham did not mention the publication 
of the genus Pseudatteria by Meyrick (1912), although Walsing- 
ham’s paper was dated “February, 1913.” It is quite clear that the 
publication of the above three papers, two by Meyrick and one by 
Walsingham, at almost the same time, gave these authors no chance 
to quote each other in a proper way. In accordance with this, it 
would be reasonable to reject the publication of Pseudatteria by 
Meyrick (1912), recognizing it as unavailable because this author 
himself attributed this name to Walsingham, declared it as being 
unpublished, and did not mention anywhere that he was introducing 
this name as anew taxon. For these reasons, the genus Pseudatteria 
should become available with the date of its publication by Wal- 
singham (1913), with potamites Walsingham as the type species of 
this genus. A corresponding proposal to place the generic name 
Pseudatteria Walsingham (type species: potamites Walsingham) on 
the “Official List of Generic Names in Zoology,” and the name Pseudat- 
teria Meyrick (type species: volcanica Butler) on the ‘‘Official Index 
of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology,’”’ has been sub- 
mitted by the present author to the International Commission on 
Zoological Nomenclature. The purpose of this proposal is to legalize 
the authorship of Walsingham for the genus in question. The 
decision of the Commission cannot substantially influence the existing 
designation of the type species of the genus Pseudatteria because 
volcanica Butler and potamites Walsingham are conspecific. 


Key to the Pseudatteria Species 


1. Forewing with two broad, greenish-blue bands crossing wing transversely 
from costa to dorsum; a large, concolorous spot distad of these bands. . 2 
Forewing without such Gea Sew e estes = ieee 

2. Large, greenish-blue spot in distal third & eine extended to costa and 
COMCMING NT ree. . . . analoga, new species 
Large, greenish-blue anor in ictal third of ae remote from costa and 
dorsume 2. - . . . . cantharopa Meyrick 

3. Forewing with orange or somew hee ie peas on dark-blue ground, or 
with such spots separated from each other by black interspaces. . . . 4 
Forewing with more or less numerous, black, sometimes slightly prismatic 
spots and/or streaks on white, orange or somewhat yellow ground. . . 5 


586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


4. Hindwing with black spots merely on and near wing margins. 
dictyanthes Meyrick 
Hindwing with black spots in central area, in male occupying a large surface 
and frequently confluent ..... . . . . . buekleyi Druce 
5. Both wings densely covered with spots ead irene: confluent, arranged in 
more or less regular, transverse rows which are smaller and more numerous 
On forewing 5). . . . . Myriocosma Meyrick 
Forewing with more or fee fees reas audio spots on costa, termen, and 
in some species also on dorsum; hindwing also with spots on margins; if 
spots also present in central areas of wings, then not very dense and not 
arranged in transverse rows . . . os ahr See 
6. Spots in central areas of wings ene a iene on hindyanes ol a nT 
No spots in central areas of both wings, or occasional ones on forewing. 15 
7. Interspaces between most of broad costal streaks of forewing with narrower 
and shorter, almost linear streaks . . .. . . . . unciana Dognin 
All of costal streaks of forewing almost equally feats y, none of them linear. 8 
8. Interspace between cubital vein of discal cell, vein Cuz, and A; of hindwing 
with at least four spots ere each other and not overstepping these 
WeINS wits iss <A Aneta) 
Interspace below eaibiteal vein of ciceat ell ana vein Gu of iandeante with 
not more than three spots, all of them overstepping vein Ay, or no spots 
inthis! areas.) <- ai, oleae a eee) 
9. Costa of forewing ah eles piace aaoderetcle: Broad, A greatest part 
somewhat crooked streaks, some of them roundly or irregularly dilated 
toward tips; a straight, narrow, longitudinal streak and below it two 
transverse streaks forming an 88-shaped figure, all three in subterminal 
area in front of three central terminal streaks . . . ardoris, new species 
Costa of forewing with eleven black, rather broad streaks not dilated at tips, 
most of them not crooked; in subterminal area of forewing not more than 
two broad streaks or irregularly ie spots in front of three central 
terminal streaks .... . .. . . heliocausta Dognin 
10. Subterminal spots of forewing Gammel in a distinctly arcuate, although 
slightly brokenrow .. . . . . . . leopardina Butler 
Subterminal spots of forewing nee Gomes any rerilar row, ormissing. . 11 
11. Forewing without subterminal spots; upper of terminal streaks reaches 
imaginary line drawn between penultimate costal streak and tornal spot. 
maenas Meyrick 
Subterminal area of forewing with spots and/or streaks; terminal streaks 
almost equally long among themselves, and upper of them not reaching 
inwards deeper than others. .. . ois iat ela ogc 
12. Subterminal area of forewing without ne louerudiael eirenies only with 
more or less rotundate, ovate, or irregularly shaped spots ..... 13 
Subterminal area of forewing with spots and at least with one longitudinal 
Bimealkes wes pe ste oo ote cone 
13. One of submarginal pote of faane aan Gai: inner fae others and 
generally touching some of external costal streaks; most of terminal 
spots of hindwing confluent. . ... aioe: marmarantha Meyrick 
Subterminal spots of forewing almost pause sized, or some of them only 
slightly larger than others; terminal spots of hindwing distinctly separated. 
pantherina Felder 





i 


} 


No. 


14. 


15. 


16. 


ve 


18. 


19. 


20. 


21. 


22. 


23. 


3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—-OBRAZTSOV 587 


Forewing with more or less large, almost equally sized streaks, following 
more or less regularly one after another along entire dorsum; subterminal 
longitudinal streaks of forewing close to terminal spots, and crossing 
white area not deeply intrusive into orange area. . symplacota Meyrick 

Dorsal spots of forewing irregularly distributed along dorsum, and some of 
them distinctly larger than others; a longitudinal streak, located in 
orange area of forewing, precedes two irregularly rotund, submarginal 
BDOtHT & ay) "0 . . . . . fumipennis Dognin 

Apical and one or ean ferminal ear of foram ing forming a fork connected 
with a longitudinal, subterminal streak crossing entire width of white area. 

pseudomaenas, new species 

Furcate spots of forewing formed either by streaks other than above or by 
same apical and terminal streaks, but then no longitudinal streaks com- 


pletely crossing subterminal area; or no fureate spots on forewing . . 16 
Costa of forewing with not more than nine streaks ......... 17 
Costa of forewing with more than nine streaks ... . cabet ieee er sO) 


Preapical costal streak of forewing not furcate and ace ioveneeted with 
apical streak; penultimate costal streak longest of all on forewing. 
shafferi, new species 
Two preapical streaks of forewing forming a fork, separate or connected 
with apical streak. . ... SPP pee cer Les 
Preapical and penultimate eictol aireais of foreman founds a fork with a 
long “handle’”’ obliquely crossing white area and intruding into orange 
area; tornal spot of forewing connected with trifurcate terminal spot 
above it; hindwing with a large apical spot and three smaller, separate 
eal, SDOUS see) . . . . tremewani, new species 
Apical and two preapical nomad erent o forewing forming a complicate, 
biradiate fork with secondary, occasionally varicate branches and with- 
out a “handle’’; hindwing with apical spot and upper of terminal spots 


eapnected ...... « 3 nausea aero 
Two central terminal aad aE ee peeaae a tart fork connected 
with a rather rotundate tornal spot . .. . . . . bradleyi, new species 
Two central terminal spots of forewing forming a fork separated from 
elongate tornalspot .... . . . . . igniflora Meyrick 
Forewing with two terminal spots and mee an not more than two terminal 
OIMISH he 4 . . . . .chrysanthema Meyrick 
Forewing with not ea (han Paes eeu spots or with not less than three 
terminal points of these spots ... . nen aero 


Forewing with a fork formed by three feseen! paced feemieml spots. 
splendens Druce 
Forewing with a fork formed by two lower, adjacent terminal spots; or 
forks formed by some other, not adjacent terminal spots; or none of 


terminal spots furcate .... Sieh wheel 
Only third costal streak before ee a toca ie ioe inn remainder of 
costalspots a 2. - . . . . . .d@ognini, new species 
Penultimate, pecneiewally Ase fia ae Cage streaks before apex of forewing 
longer than remaining costal spots ... . eit Bao 
Apical and lower of terminal spots of forewing mush Eroeder an a feral 
spot between them .. . . .. . .¢ladodes Walsingham 


Terminal spots of forewing freee annie broad among themselves; apical 
spot of forewing occasionally broader ........ voleantca Butler 


588 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


Subgenus Pseudatteria Walsingham, new status 


Synonymy.—As listed above for the genus. 

Tyre specius.—Pseudatteria potamites Walsingham, 1913; by 
monotypy and original designation. 

Matr.—Uncus elongate, somewhat scaphoid, at least in apical 
portion, as a rule with an apical thorn directed ventrad, and generally 
with a soft papilla ventrad to base of this thorn. Vesica with a large 
cornutus, and generally with a cuneus composed of minute thorns. ° 

Frmate.—Antrum well defined, subcylindrical, narrower than sinus 
vaginalis and adjacent portion of corpus bursae; lateral colliculi 
generally present. Cervix bursae indicated by a stronger sclerotiza- 
tion and striation. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) dognini, new species 
PLATE 1 


Antenna brownish black with white annulation. Labial palpus 
black, at base and inner surface white scaled. Head yellowish white 
with a black median line dilated into a round, preoccipital spot. 
Thorax [damaged; probably black, as some scales preserved in pos- 
terior portion] yellowish white laterally; tegula black with external 
fringes yellowish white. Abdomen orange. Forewing orange, in 
subcostal and apicoterminal areas yellowish white; markings bluish 
black, arranged as follows: ten costal streaks, some of them penetrating 
into orange area; penultimate of these streaks (ninth, counting from 
wing base) much longer than others and spotlike dilated at tip; last 
(tenth) of costal streaks U-shaped, resting with its branches on costa 
before wing apex; two similarly shaped streaks, one on wing apex, 
another on termen above tornus, and a much smaller, rotundate 
terminal spot between them; a rather large, semirotundate spot on 
tornus; an 8-shaped spot oblique basad, located on border of white and 
orange areas, in front of interspace between tornal spot and mentioned 
U-shaped terminal streak above it; cilia bluish black in front of 
terminal streaks and spots, and white in interspaces. Length of fore- 
wing 14-15 mm. Hindwing orange with black, rotundate marginal 
spots: a large spot on wing apex, connected by a blackish shadow with 
two spots, one of them a smaller spot on end of costa, another spot 
slightly smaller than latter spot and located close to lower portion of 
apical spot, basad of it; three rather large spots on termen, first of them 
close to apical spot; a small dot closely following last of terminal spots, 
and two much smaller, widely remote dots on dorsum; in male a little, 
additional dot below and slightly basad of lower spots accompanying 
apical spot; cilia black in front of spots, and orange or whitish in 
interspaces. 





NO. 3595 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—-OBRAZTSOV 589 


MALE GENITALIA.—Uncus with a narrow stalk ending with a 
rotundate, flatly calathiform-dilated apex with an acute point directed 
ventrad and accompanied by a little, haired papilla. Valva sub- 
rectangular with external margin rotundate; sacculus slightly dilated 
at base, and narrowly prolonged along ventral margin (of a folded) 
valva. Aedeagus rather slender with a slightly curved apical process; 
cornutus with two basal branches and a small, conical cap on apex; 
cuneus indiscernible. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis with a trapezoidal lamella 
antevaginalis. Antrum short, tubular with two slightly arcuate 
colliculi remote one from another. Cervical portion of corpus bursae 
with fine, longitudinal striation and a stronger sclerotized, oblique 
striation probably representing a modified cestum; corpus bursae long 
and narrow; signum ovate. 

Tyrrs.—Holotype, USNM 67566, male (genitalia on slide 2-Obr., 
Jan. 22, 1961), Loja vicinity, Loja, Ecuador, 1887 (Dognin Collection), 
allotype, USNM, female (genitalia on slide 4429, JFGC), El Monje 
near Loja, Loja, Ecuador, 1893 (Dognin Collection). 

Remarks.—Very similar to shafferi, new species, but differs from 
it in the shapes of the terminal markings and the subterminal spot 
of the forewing. Also the apical spot and the terminal spots of the 
hindwing are of different shapes and in dognini much larger. The 
female genitalia of both species differ in the shapes of the lamella 
antevaginalis, colliculi, striation of the cervix bursae, and the signum. 

Besides the types of dognini, there is in the U.S. National Museum 
a female specimen from Loja vicinity, Ecuador (pl. 1, fig. 7), somewhat 
resembling this species, and differing from it in the details of the wing 
markings. The costal streaks of the forewing of this specimen are 
distinctly less oblique than in dognini, the penultimate and the last 
of them are simple, and two separate spots are located internobasad 
of these streaks and the streak preceding the penultimate one. Also 
the apical spot of the hindwing is replaced by a group of three separate 
spots. It is quite possible that this specimen might be a variety of 
dognini, but this cannot be proven presently because the abdomen of 
the moth is missing. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) shafferi, new species 
PLATE 2 


Frmaue.—Antenna black with few whitish, scattered scales. Labial 
palpus black, white on scapus and largest portion of inner surface of 
second segment. Head [worn] with black face and white scales 
around it. Thorax blue black with scattered, whitish scales; tegula 
blue black with cream-yellow emargination. Abdomen orange. 


590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


Forewing orange, white in subcostal and apicoterminal areas; markings 
bluish black, arranged as follows: nine streaks on costa, penultimate of 
them (eighth, counting from wing base) longest and dilated at tip; 
a trifurcate streak with short branches resting on wing apex and 
termen below it; another trifurcate streak with short branches resting 
on termen above tornus; a semirotundate spot on tornus, on border of 
white and orange areas: on elongate spot, slightly oblique basad, and 
located between tornal spot and penultimate costal streak; cilia black 
in front of streaks, and white in interspaces. Length of forewing 14 
mm. Hindwing orange with purple-black spots: a large apical spot, 
composed of two confluent spots, one at end of costa, another on wing 
apex; five much smaller spots on termen; cilia black in front of termi- 
nal spots, twice checked with white at apical spot, and white in inter- 
spaces between apical spot and three following terminal spots; re- 
mainder of cilia orange with a black dot on tornus, basad of last 
terminal spot. 

Mauz.— Unknown. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis with a subtrapezoidal, some- 
what obtusely pointed lamella antevaginalis on middle of caudal mar- 
gin. Antrum short, tubular with incurved sides, and with broad, curved 
colliculi touching each other at middle of antrum. Cervical portion of 
corpus bursae membranous caudally, slightly dilated and covered with 
a dense, sclerotized, rather disorderly, longitudinal striation at middle, 
and again narrowed cephalically; cestum indicated by a laterocaudal 
sclerotization in striated area of cervix bursae; corpus bursae long and 
narrow; signum with an arcuate, transverse carina dividing it in an 
open, not well-defined caudal area and a subtriangular cephalic area 
narrowly extended cephalad. 

Typr.—Holotype, 2 (genitalia slide 8680), Guainia (‘“Upper Rio 
Negro”’), Vaupés, Colombia, 800 m. (A. H. Fassl); BM. 

ReMArKs.—Very similar to dognini, new species, and compared with 
it in the description of the latter. In the female genitalia, shafferi is 
also rather close to tremewani, new species, but has no external 
similarity to it. This species is named for M. Shaffer of the British 
Museum (Natural History) for recognition of his kind assistance in the 
preparation of the genitalia slides for the present author’s studies on 
the Neotropical Tortricidae. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) pseudomaenas, new species 


PLATE 3 


Antenna black with whitish spots on some segments. Labial 
palpus black with basal segment, and inner surface and dorsal edge 








No. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—OBRAZTSOV 591 


of second segment cream white. Head cream white with a large, 
black, triangular spot on vertex. Thorax cream white with black 
spots, one anteriorly, and two posteriorly; tegula black with cream- 
white emargination. Forewing orange with costal and apicoterminal 
areas cream white; markings black, arranged as follows: eleven streaks 
on costa; one streak on apex, successively connected with two terminal 
streaks below apex and a broader, straight, longitudinal, subterminal 
streak reaching to imaginary line drawn between third costal streak 
(counting from wing apex) and upper tornal streak, and thus forming 
a trivaricate fork with long ‘‘handle”’; two more terminal streaks 
below this fork, and two tornal streaks, occasionally connected by 
their tips; two round or slightly elongate subterminal spots internad 
of last terminal and upper tornal streaks, connected with themselves 
and occasionally with mentioned streaks; a minute dot basad or 
dorsobasad of ‘‘handle”’ of fork; a minute dot dorsad of tip of sixth 
costal streak (counting from wing apex) ; cilia black in front of streaks, 
and white in interspaces. Length of forewing: male 11 mm.; female 
14 mm. Hindwing orange with nine black spots on margins; two 
largest of them on end of costa and wing apex; remaining spots along 
termen and tornus; interspaces of upper seven of these spots yellowish 
white; cilia concolorous with spots and interspaces. 

Mate GeniTauiaA.—Uncus with a long stalk ending with a dilated, 
ovate-calathiform apex bearing a thorn directed ventrad. Valva 
subrectangular, slightly oblong with external margin rotundate; 
sacculus slightly dilated at base and narrowly prolonged along ventral 
margin (of a folded) valva. Aedeagus rather slender with a narrow 
apical process; cornutus with an apical cap and narrow, basal exten- 
sion; cuneus indiscernible. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis flatly infundibular; lamella 
antevaginalis with a rotundate-trapezoidal dilatation at middle. 
Antrum slightly longer than broad, incurved laterally; two lateral 
colliculi touching each other at middle of antrum. Cervical portion 
of corpus bursae striated; no cestum discernible; corpus bursae narrow, 
moderately long: no signum. 

Typrs.—Holotype, o& (genitalia slide 8668), and allotype, 9 
(genitalia slide 8669), Costa Rica, April 1924 (Janson); BM. 

Remarks.—This new species is known in two specimens, a male 
and a female, well matching each other. Very characteristic of the 
species is a longitudinal streak in the subterminal area of the forewing, 
looking like a “handle” of a trivaricate fork formed by the apical and 
two terminal streaks. The species might remind one of maenas Mey- 
rick, but in the latter the longitudinal steak is formed by the upper 
terminal streak, is broader and shorter than in pseudomaenas, and 


592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


has no fork at the termen. Moreover, maenas has only 10 costal 
streaks of the forewing, and they are somewhat heavier, the external 
ones distinclty longer, and the internal area of the forewing has many 
round, rather large, black spots. Also the spots of the hindwing are 
different in the two species. The lamella antevaginalis of pseudomaenas 
has no sclerotized caudal line, and the striated area of the cervical 
portion of the corpus bursae and the entire corpus bursae are shorter 
than in maenas. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) maenas Meyrick 


PLATE 4 
Pseudatteria maenas Meyrick, 1924, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 3, p. 109.— 
Clarke, 1955, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the 
British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 195; 1958, op. cit., 
vol. 3, p. 196, pl. 98, figs. 4-4b. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis wide, very flatly infundibular; 
lamella antevaginalis semicircular with a narrowly sclerotized caudal 
margin. Antrum as long as broad, deeply incurved laterally; colliculi 
lateral, rather broad, each with a narrow, strongly sclerotized streak 
externally. Cervical portion of corpus bursae rather long with 
longitudinal, slightly undulate striation, laterocaudally with an 
elongate, strongly sclerotized patch (?cestum); corpus bursae long 
and narrow; signum indiscernible. 

Typre.—Holotype, 2 (genitalia slide 4531, JFGC), Chiriqui, Panama, 
1899 (“R.”); BM. 

OTHER SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—®, Las Lagunas, El Volcan Chiriqui, 
Panama, Jan. 28, 1948 (R. E. Ellison); BM. 

REMARK.—No males are known. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) tremewani, new species 
PuaTE 5 

FremaLe.—Antenna blackish brown. Labial palpus cream yellow; 
terminal segment and outer surface of second segment blackish brown. 
Head cream yellow, slightly orange around eyes, and with a black 
spot between antennae and occiput. Thorax reddish orange; black 
dots on shoulder of tegula, and an occasional, black spot at middle of 
thorax. Abdomen reddish orange, occasionally black on tip. Fore- 
wing deep reddish orange, in subcostal and apicoterminal areas 
white; markings black, arranged as follows: nine streaks on costa, 
smallest of them at wing base, and each following, somewhat longer 
than preceding one; penultimate and preapical costal streaks (eighth 
and ninth, counting from wing base) forming a fork with a heavy, 
oblique ‘‘handle” slightly capitate at tip and intruding into orange 





NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—OBRAZTSOV 593 


area; a rather triangular or somewhat elongate spot at wing apex 
and apical portion of termen, trivaricate or quadrivaricate toward 
them; an elongate spot, bivaricate or trivaricate externad, located on 
termen beneath former spot, with lower, internal portion connected 
with upper portion of a large tornal spot, and thus forming a common 
tornoterminal spot touching wing margin at three or four points; 
preapical costal streak, apicoterminal spot, and tornoterminal spot 
occasionally connected by means of narrow crosspieces; cilia black 
in front of markings, and white in interspaces. Length of forewing 
14-15 mm. Hindwing reddish orange with black spots: a large spot 
on wing apex, two smaller spots on termen below former spot, and 
one or two more, smallest, on tornus and dorsum; cilia black in front 
of spots, white in interspace of apical and upper of terminal spots, 
sometimes white also in next interspace, and reddish orange in others; 
some occasional grayish or blackish dots in white or orange interspaces 
of cilia. 

Mate.— Unknown. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis flat with a narrow lamella 
antevaginalis. Antrum cylindrical, slightly longer than broad; 
two large, lateral colliculi, each with a longitudinal, strongly sclerotized 
streak. Cervical portion of corpus bursae with a strong, longitudinal, 
somewhat disorderly striation; no cestum discernible; corpus bursae 
long and moderately broad; signum ovate. 

Typrs.—Holotype, ¢ (genitalia slide 8678), Cuzco, Peru, January 
1901 (Garlepp); BM. Paratypes: 9, Peru; DEI. 2 99 (genitalia 
slide 8677), La Merced (‘‘La Mercede’’), Junin, Peru, 2000-3000 ft. 
(Walkins); BM. 2 99 (genitalia slides 8675, 8676), Bolivia (nos. 
71078, 13496); BM. 3 99 (genitalia slides 4439, JFGC, and 8670), 
Rio Zongo (“Songo’’), Bolivia, 750 m. (A. H. Fassl); BM. 9, same 
data; USNM. 9, same data; DEI. 

Remarxks.—In the genitalia this new species is rather close to the 
new species shaffert and dognini but differs from them in the shape of 
the colliculi and the striation of the cervical portion of the corpus 
bursae. Moreover, tremewani is completely unlike both of these 
species in the wing markings. It is more like chrysanthema Meyrick, 
but has the tornoterminal spot never divided, and always separated 
from the wing margin by several white spaces. The arrangement and 
the shapes of the spots on the hindwing and the genitalia are quite 
different in tremewani and chrysanthema. The species is named for 
W. G. Tremewan of the British Museum (Natural History) in rec- 
ognition of his kind assistance in the dissections of moths; also the 
author is grateful for having his attention drawn to all characters 
observed as new or rare in the slides, including this new species. 


219-933—66 2 





594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) chrysanthema (Meyrick) 


Puates 6, 7, 41 


Alteria chrysanthema Meyrick, 1912, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, for 1911, p. 676.— | 
Clarke, 1955, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the 
British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 88. 

Pseudatteria chrysanthema.— Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, 
pt. 10, p. 16; 1913, 7 Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 149, p. 22.—Clarke, 
1958, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British 
Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 3, p. 195, pl. 97, figs. 3-3c. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis wide, flatly infundibular; 
lamella antevaginalis narrow, obtusely angulate cephalad. Antrum 
short and almost regularly cylindrical; cervical portion of corpus 
bursae with fine, sometimes harldy discernible striation; cestum short, 
occasionally vestigial, generally with a longitudinal carina; corpus 
bursae long, rather broad; signum scobinate, rather triangular. 

Typres.—Lectotype, female (genitalia on slide 4435, JFGOC), 
‘San Augustin,’ Colombia, 3500 ft., September 1895 (‘‘S.”); BM. 
One lectoparatype, female, Iquitos (‘‘Yquitos’’), Loreto, Peru, 1906 
(‘S.”’; Meyrick Collection); BM. 

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Colombia: ?, no exact data; DEI. 
9, Bogoté, Cundinamarca (J. G. Foetterle); VMNH. 2 99, Guainia 
(“Ober Rio Negro’’), Vaupés, 800 m. (A. H. Fassl); BM. Venezuela: 
2 99 (genitalia of one on slide 636-Obr.), no exact data; AMNH. 
British Guiana: 2, no locality data, November—December 1902 
(C. B. Roberts); BM. 9, Georgetown, Demerara (Casbell); BM. 
9, Akaima (“Fort Akayma’’), Rio Demerara; AMNH. 2 99, Berbice 
(Crowley); BM. Ecuador: 9, no exact data (S. E. Cassino Collection) ; 
MCZ. 9, Zamora, May 1886; USNM. 4 99, Loja vicinity, Loja, 1883, 
and 1887; USNM. @ (genitalia slide, prepared by A. Busck on Mar. 
30, 1926), El Monje near Loja, Loja, 1893 (Dognin); USNM. 
Peru: 9, no exact data (M. de Mathan); BM. 2 99, Cuzco, January 
1901 (Garlepp); BM. 5 99 (genitalia of one on slide 8655), Rio 
Chanchosmayo (‘“Chanchamayo’’), Cuzco, June-August 1901 (Hof- 
mann), 1898, and 1912 (O. Schuncke); BM. 2 99, La Merced, Junin 
(R. Toro), and 1915 (“W.”; Meyrick Collection); BM. 9, Rio Col- 
orado, Junin, 2500 ft., August 1903 (Watkins and Tomlinson); BM. 
2 (genitalia slide 4436, JFGC), Moyobamba, San Martin, ‘1° Sem.” 
1887 (M. de Mathan); USNM. 9, Tarapoto, San Martin, May- 
August 1885 (M. de Mathan); BM. Bolivia: 6 99, no exact data 
(71076, 71077; Rolle Heyne, 13497-13499; Germain); BM. 9, Rio 
Zongo (“Songo’’), 750 m.; VMNH. 9 (genitalia slide 67-Obr., 1963), 
same locality, 2500 ft., 1930 (‘‘Z.’’); USNM. 2 99, Chapare, 400 m., 
July 15, 1948, and Aug. 5, 1950 (R. Zischka); ZSM. 9, Prov. del 
Sara, Santa Cruz, 450 m. (J. Steinbach; Meyrick Collection); BM. 





No. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—-OBRAZTSOV 595 


Steinbach); BM. 4 99, ‘‘Yungo del Espiritu Santo,’’ Cochabamba, 
1888-1889 (P. Germain); BM. Brazil: 9, Castro, Parana (E. D. 
Jones; Meyrick Collection) ; BM 

Remarks.—The male of chrysanthema is not known. The spe- 
cies is very similiar to splendens Druce and in some specimens 
hardly distinguishable from it. In splendens the external indentation 
of the subapical terminal spot of the forewing is noticeably deeper 
than in chrysanthema (in which this indentation often is completely 
lacking), usually being represented by two white notches, at least 
as deep as the width of the cilia; the spot itself is separated from the 
tornal spot by a rather broad, white interspace. In chrysanthema 
there is an additional spot between the subapical and the tornal 
spots of the forewing; the interspace between this additional spot 
and the tornal spot is very narrow, or both these spots are confluent. 
The above characters are rather reliable for identification of the 
specimens with the cilia undamaged, but in those with the cilia 
broken they may sometimes not be very distinct. On the hindwing 
of chrysanthema the subapical spot is followed by one or two small, 
black terminal spots which are much smaller than the adjacent spot 
on the termen. In splendens the subapical spot of the hindwing is 
generally confluent with the apical spot; if both of these spots are 
separated, the subapical spot is larger than the terminal spot next 
below. The female genitalia of these two species enable an easy 
separation of both. 


| 
9, Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 750 m., August 1906 to April 1907 (J. 
| 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) analoga, new species 


PLATE 8 


Fremaue.—Antenna brown black with violet gloss. Labial palpus 
brown black with bluish-violet gloss; basal segment and inner 
surface and base of upper edge of second segment orange yeilow. 
Head orange yellow; vertex brown black with bluish-violet gloss. 
Thorax [damaged] concolorous with vertex and with scattered, 
orange-yellow scales; patagia and fringes of tegula orange yellow. 
Abdomen prismatic greenish blue. Forewing orange yellow with 
prismatic greenish blue, fine black-outlined markings, as follows: 
a broad, transverse, somewhat undulate-outlined band, located in 
basal third of wing and slightly narrowed costally; a similar, slightly 
broader band at middle of wing; a large, piriform spot located in 
external third of wing, narrowly extended costally and reaching 
costa, and remote from dorsum; two moderately sized spots near base 
of wing, one on costa, another on dorsum; a minute, costal dot ex- 
ternal of these spots, before first band; two moderate, rotundate 
costal spots, one in interspace of first and second bands, another 


596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


between latter band and piriform spot; two minute dorsal dots in 
same interspaces, each one opposite above-mentioned costal spots; 
eight variously shaped marginal spots, two of them in external 
portion of costa, one on wing apex, four on termen (some of them 
connected by tips), and one (largest spot) on tornus; cilia black in 
front of marginal markings, and orange yellow in interspaces. Length 
of forewing 13 mm. Hindwing orange yellow with black markings: 
large, irregularly shaped spots, confluent and occupying basal two- 
thirds of wing; a preapical spot on costa; an elongate spot extending 
from wing apex to upper portion of termen; a similar spot on termen, 
below former and separate from it; two smaller, rotund spots on 
tornus, touching external margin of confluent spots in inner area 
of wing; cilia orange yellow, in front of marginal spots black; at 
apicoterminal spot black portion of cilia divided by orange yellow. 

Maute.—Unknown. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis wide with a narrow lamella 
antevaginalis. Antrum tubular, broader than long; two narrow, 
lateral colliculi; cervical portion of corpus bursae finely striated, 
closer to antrum with numerous, variously sized, flat, sclerotized 
thorns arranged in form of a girdle; cestum elongate, serrately out- 
lined, with a narrow, stronger sclerotized carina; corpus bursae 
elongate, moderately broad; signum shaped as a semirotundate plate, 
perpendicular to surface of corpus bursae, and resting on a weakly 
sclerotized area. 

Typr.—Holotype, @ (genitalia on slide B.6), Rio Tanampaya, 
La Paz, Bolivia, 1894 (Garlepp; Staudinger Collection); ZMB. 

Remarxs.—Similar to cantharopa Meyrick, but differs in the 
shapes of the spots of the wings: the large, external spot of the 
forewing is extended costad and touches the costa; the marginal 
spots of both wings are larger and on hindwing less numerous. In 
accordance with the genitalia, these two species belong to different 
subgenera. In its appearance analoga is very similar to the gynan- 
drous specimen of an unknown Pseudatteria species, described by 
the present author (Obraztsov, 1962). Until any detailed information 
about the normal moths of this unknown species from Peru and the 
male of analoga is available, it is difficult to discuss their relationship. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) unciana (Dognin) 
PuLaTE 9 


Atteria unciana Dognin, 1904, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. 48, p. 133. 
Pseudatteria unciana.—Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, 
pt. 10, p. 16; 19138, zn Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 149, p. 22. 
FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis very flat, rather tureen 
shaped than infundibular. Antrum broadly cylindrical, slightly 





No. 3585 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—-OBRAZTSOV 597 


longer than broad; two linear, lateral colliculi; cervical portion of 
corpus bursae slightly broader than antrum, with striation consisting 
of fine lines crossing each other; cestum narrow, long, protruding 
striated area; corpus bursae long, rather narrow; signum rotundate 
cephalad, opened caudad. 

Typr.—Holotype, 2 (genitalia slide 4-Obr. Feb. 24, 1961), Zamora, 
Ecuador, September 1886 (Dognin); USNM. 

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Eucador: 3 99, Chiguinda (C 
Buckley); BM. 3 99, Intag (‘‘Intaj’) (C. Buckley); BM. 2 99 
Bafios, 2500 m., June-July 1936 (W. Clarke-Macintyre); VMNH. 

Remarks.—The male of this species is unknown. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) myriocosma Meyrick 
PLATE 10 


Pseudatteria myriocosma Meyrick, 1930, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol, 3, p. 608.— 
Clarke, 1955, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the 
British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 212; 1958, op. cit., 
vol. 3, p. 199, pl. 99, figs. 2-2c. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis wide, infundibular; lamella 
antevaginalis narrow. Antrum short, cylindrical with lateral colliculi 
vestigial; cervical portion of corpus bursae densely striated; cestum 
elongate, hidden in this striation; corpus bursae long and broad; 
signum with a transverse carina, cephalic portion triangular, serrately 
outlined, and caudal portion smooth, rotundate, almost obsolete. 

Typre.—Holotype, @ (genitalia slide 4426, JFGC), Cochabamba, 
Bolivia (Paravicini Collection) ; BM. 

OTHER SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—1 9, Bolivia (ex Germain; Paravicini 
Collection) ; BM. 

ReEeMARKS.—Species of an appearance unique for the entire genus. 
The male is unknown. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) pantherina (Felder) 
PuatE 11 


Atteria pantherina Felder, 1875, in Reise der Fregatte Novara, Zool., vol. 2, pt. 
2, p. 3, pl. 139, fig. 41. 

Pseudatteria pantherina.—Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, 
pt. 10, p. 16; 1913, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 149, p. 22. 


FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis wide, rather deeply tureen 
shaped than infundibular; lamella antevaginalis narrow. Antrum 
subcylindrical, broader than long with sides slightly incurved; colliculi 
narrow, lateral, curved as sides of antrum. Cervical portion of corpus 
bursae finely striated; cestum narrow and long; corpus bursae rather 


598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


long and broad; signum with a transverse carina separating a 
triangular, cephalic area from a flat, open, caudal area. 

Typr.—Holotype, @ (genitalia on slide 5773), Bogotdé, Cundin- 
amarca, Colombia (Lindig; 400161); BM. 

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Colombia: 2 99, no locality data, 
1915 (Meyrick Collection); BM. 1 9, Pacho, Cundinamarca, 
2200 m. (H. Fassl); BM. 1 9, same data; USNM. 2 99, Bogota, 
Cundinamarca (Lindig, Felder Collection, 400162; and Rothschild 
Collection); BM. 

Remarxks.—The shape and size of the spots of the wings are 
slightly variable. The marginal streaks along the external portion 
of the costa and termen of the forewing are either separate or con- 
nected in pairs. On the hindwing the number of the spots is somewhat 
inconstant. The male of the species is unknown. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) fumipennis (Dognin) 
PLATE 12 


Atteria fumipennis Dognin, 1904, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. 48, p. 133. 
Pseudatteria fumipennis.— Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, 
pt. 10, p. 16; 1913, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 149, p. 22. 


MALeE GENITALIA.—Uncus rather long with a narrow basal stalk 
and a scaphiform, dilated and rounded apical portion ending with a 
short, acute point directed ventrad; a little, haired papilla closely 
approximate to this point, and located basad of it. Valva sub- 
rectangular with external margin rounded; sacculus short and rather 
broad, triangular. Aedeagus thick and stout with a narrow apical 
projection; vesica finely punctulate; cornutus large, stout with a short, 
strong, bent hook distally; cuneus shaped as a short, arcuate row of 
minute spines. 

Typr.—Holotype, o& (genitalia slide 3-Obr., Feb. 24, 1961), Micay, 
Valle del Cauca, Colombia, August 1896 (Dognin Collection) ; USNM. 

Remarx.—The holotype is the only known specimen of the species. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) ardoris, new species 
PLaTE 13 


Frmats.—Antenna black; scapus with a slight prismatic-blue luster. 
[Labial palpi missing.] Head dark prismatic blue; white emargination 
around eyes, dilated at face. Thorax dark prismatic blue; patagia, 
tegula, and posterior edge of mesothorax with white margins; lateral 
sides of metathorax with orange-yellow tufts of hairs. Legs black; 
lower edge of foreleg white; middle and hindlegs with white rings. 
Abdomen black with yellow rings. Forewing deep reddish orange, at 
costa and termen white; markings black, formed by numerous spots 
and streaks with a slight bluish or violet luster, and arranged as 





NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—-OBRAZTSOV 599 


follows: twelve broad, more or less subquadrate spots on costa, most 
of them continued distad as oblique, irregularly shaped streaks formed 
by confluence with a longitudinal row of rotundate, subcostal spots, 
only a few of which remain isolated; wing apex with a short, trifurcate 
streak fused with an ovate spot located basad; termen with three 
elongate, nearly 8-shaped, oblique streaks narrower than costal 
streaks; at tornus two rather large, rotund spots; dorsum with 10 
spotlike streaks slightly inclined in different directions and occasionally 
touching each other with tips; five spots in discal cell, and one externad 
of it, forming a common, longitudinal row; the outer two more remote 
from each other and remaining spots of same row; a longitudinal 
streak being a continuation of this row and located close before upper 
of terminal streaks; two pairs of round spots beneath this longitudinal 
streak, one pair below other and before two lower of terminal streaks, 
and forming an 88-figure; four spots in interspace of veins Cu, and 
Cuz; eight spots in interspace below discal cell and vein Cuz; some 
minute dots in external wing portion and here and there between large 
spots; cilia black in front of spots, and white in interspaces. Length 
of forewing 14mm. Hindwing concolorous with forewing but without 
white; at apex two large, rotundate spots touching each other; one 
subtriangular spot on costa before apex; five moderately sized spots 
on termen and tornus, and three larger ones on dorsum; two large, 
round spots forming a row beneath discal cell, and two smaller spots 
externad of it; two spots in interspace beneath vein Cue, external of 
these spots smaller; four large, somewhat unequally sized spots in 
vein interspace next dorsad of this row, and two small spots dorsobasad 
of basal of these four spots; cilia black or grayish in front of spots, 
orange or whitish in interspaces. 

Mate.—Unknown. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis flatly infundibular; lamella 
antevaginalis bandlike, narrow at middle, and slightly broader lat- 
erally. Antrum cylindrical, slightly longer than broad; colliculi 
lateral, vestigial; cervical portion of corpus bursae with a tangled 
striation; cestum rather narrow, elongate, at margins serrate, tapering 
cephalad, and divided by a narrow, mediolongitudinal carina; corpus 
bursae rather long and moderately broad; signum shaped as a smooth, 
elongate area, at middle with a transverse, stronger sclerotized fold. 

Typr.—Holotype, 2 (genitalia on slide 8659), Marcapata, Peru, 
4500 ft. (Rothschild Bequest) ; BM. 

ReMArks.—Similar to fumipennis Dognin but differs from this 
species in some details of the wing markings. The costal streaks of 
the forewing are inclined distad, while in fumipennis their tips are 
turned sharply basad. The dorsal streaks of the forewing are more 
numerous and shaped quite differently from fumipennis. This also 


600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


concerns the spots of the internal portion of the forewing, which in 
the new species are arranged in distinctly longitudinal rows; in fumi- 
pennis these spots are less numerous, and their arrangement is more 
disorderly. The markings of the hindwing are quite different in the 
two species. In consequence of so many essential differences in the 
wing markings, it is difficult to assume that fumipennis and ardoris 
might belong together as two sexes of one species. Moreover, the 
types of both of them originate from localities rather remote one from 
the other. The new species also has some resemblance to symplacota 
Meyrick, but differs from the latter in the number and size of the wing 
spots, and has distinct genitalic structures requiring the placement of 
these two species in separate subgenera. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) cladodes Walsingham 
Figure 8; PuatTe 14 


Pseudatteria cladodes Walsingham, 1914, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidop- 
tera Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 269, pl. 8, fig. 6. 

Mate GENITALIA.—Uncus rather narrow, slightly and gradually 
dilated toward rotundate apex with a minute, acute point, and on 
ventral surface with a little, haired papilla. Valva broadly subovate 
with external margin rounded; costa slightly sclerotized; sacculus 
slightly dilated at base and narrowly extended along entire ventral 
margin of valva. Aedeagus moderately long and thick, with a narrow 
distal process slightly dilated before tip, with spinulation laterobasad 
of this process, and more basad with a long, ventral keel directed 
basad and pointed at tip; cornutus large, transverse-subovate with 
a thick, obtuse, cuculliform distal process; a long, loop-shaped cuneus 
of numerous little spines, multiordinal in basal portion of loop, behind 
its middle, and on end, and uniordinal in intermediate portions. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis flatly infundibular with a 
moderately broad lamella antevaginalis. Antrum tubular, slightly 
elongate, narrower than adjacent portion of cervical portion of corpus 
bursae; two lateral colliculi, one on each insignificantly incurved side 
of antrum. Cervix bursae striated, more densely caudad, with a 
strong lateral sclerotization; cestum long, narrow, tapering cephalad, 
surrounded by a weaker sclerotized, serrately outlined area. Corpus 
bursae moderately broad; signum indiscernible. 

Typr.—Holotype, female (genitalia on slide 5768), ‘‘Central 
America” (O. Salvin; Felder Collection; 400153); BM. 

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—< (without abdomen), paratype, 
Peru (Saunders Collection; 94-68); & (genitalia slide 6615), Peru 
(Saunders; 401232); BM. 

Remarks.—The label of the holotype of cladodes reads ‘‘Central 
America,” and Walsingham (1914) supposed that the specimen might 





NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—OBRAZTSOV 601 


originate from Panama. Of the specimens examined by the present 
author, two others are labeled as originating from Peru. It seems 
therefore quite probable that some confusion has occurred in the label- 
ing of the Walsingham specimen. Future records perhaps will bring 
more clarity to this problem. 

Superficially cladodes might easily be mistaken for some form of 
the highly variable volcanica Butler; however, cladodes has 10 costal 
streaks of the forewing instead of 11 streaks as in volcanica, and 
there is a distinction in the genitalia of these two species. The male 
of cladodes has the uncus less narrowed basad, the valva is somewhat 
shorter and therefore looks relatively broader, the aedeagus has a 
ventral keel, and the cornutus and the cuneus are shaped differently. 
The female genitalia are rather similar in both cladodes and volcanica, 
but the antrum of the first species is less incurved laterally, and the 
signum is not discernible. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) leopardina (Butler) 
Puatss 15, 16 


Atteria leopardina Butler, 1872, Cistula Ent., vol. 1, p. 89; 1874, Lepidoptera 
Exotica, p. 178, pl. 61, fig. 5. 

Pseudatteria leopardina.—Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, 
pt. 10, p. 16; 1913, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 149. p. 22.— 
Walsingham, 1914, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera Heterocera, 
vol. 4, p. 269, pl. 8, fig. 7. 

Mate GENITALIA.—Uncus scaphiform-spatulate, dilated and 
rounded apically, at tip with a short, acute point directed ventrad, 
and a minute, setose papilla beneath this point. Valvasubrectangular 
with a rounded external margin; sacculus dilated at base, and then 
narrowly extended along ventral margin of valva, not reaching 
external angle. Aedeagus thick but not stout, with a slight ‘waist’ 
at middle, and a robust distal process; cornutus elongate with two 
apical points; no cuneus. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis flatly infundibular; lamella 
antevaginalis narrow. Antrum tubular with two broad, lateral 
colliculi, one on each side; cervical portion of corpus bursae mar- 
morate; cestum indiscernible; corpus bursae rather broad; signum 
divided by a transverse carina in two unequal portions, caudal one 
larger. 

Typr.—Holotype, female (genitalia on slide 5766), Costa Rica 
(75-17); BM. 

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Costa Rica: 2 (abdomen missing), 
no exact locality data; AMNH. 9, same; USNM. 5 99, same 
(A. G. M. Gillot; Adams; Underwood); BM. co (genitalia on slide, 
prepared by A. Busck on Sep. 28, 1920), and 2 99, Volcan de Pods, 


602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 118 


Alajuela (W. Schaus); USNM. 9, Rio Sixaola (‘Saxola River’), 
Limén (W. Schaus); USNM. 2 99, Cachi (‘‘Cache’’) district, 
Cartago; BM. 2 99, La Estrella, Cartago, July 1925, July 22, 1925; 
BM. o, and 7 99 (genitalia of one on slide, prepared by A. Busck 
on Mar. 20, 1926), Tuis, Cartago, 2400 ft.; 4000 ft., Sep. 2, 1908; 
and 5800 ft., Aug. 31, 1908 (W. Schaus); USNM. 9, same locality, 
6000 ft., Aug. 1888 (“A.B.”; Meyrick Collection); BM. 7 99( gen- 
italia of one on slide 6610), Voledn de Irazti, Cartago, 6000-7000 ft., 
no date, and 1915 (H. Rogers; nos. 66261 and 66262 among others); 
BM. 9, Tres Rios, Cartago, 5000 ft., December 1906 (W. Schaus); 
USNM. 9, same data (W. Schaus; 5971); BM. 4 99, Orosi, 
Cartago, 1200 m. (A. H. Fassl); BM. 9, same data; USNM. 2 99, 
Rio Sucio (‘‘Susio”), San José (H. Rogers; 66262, 66265); BM. 9, 
same data (H. Rogers; 66264); USNM. 9, “San Gerénimo,” * 1910 
(W. Schaus); USNM. 5 99, Montes del Aguacate (‘“Mt. Aquacate’’) 
(Underwood; Rothschild Collection); BM. o& (genitalia on slide 
8654), and 2, Rio Cascajal (‘‘Coscagal’’), May 1919; BM. Panama: 
& (genitalia slide 8656), and 8 99, Voleén de Chiriqui; no additional 
data (Rothschild Collection) ; 4000-6000 ft. (G. C. Champion; 66267-— 
66269); 1899, 1915 (Meyrick Collection); BM. 9, Bugaba, Chiriqui, 
800-1500 ft. (G. C. Champion; 66266); BM. 3 99, Las Lagunas, 
Volcan de Chiriqui, Jan. 15, and 28, 1948 (R. E. Ellison); BM. 

Remarxs.—An easily recognizable species. The variation is quite 
insignificant and consists of a slight change in the size and shape of 
separate spots. The terminal streaks of the forewing may be separate 
or fused in both sexes. On plate 15, figure 2, which shows the 
caudocephalic aspect of the male genitalia, the aedeagus is slightly 
misshaped because of the pressure of the cover-glass, and the ‘‘waist’’ 
of the aedeagus is barely seen. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) marmarantha Meyrick 


FicurE 9; Puates 17, 18 


Pseudatteria marmarantha Meyrick, 1924, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 3, p. 109.— 
Clarke, 1955, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the 
British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 197; 1958, ibid, 
vol. 3, p. 199, pl. 99, figs. 1-Ib. 

MALE GENITALIA.—Uncus with a long, narrow stalk, and a rotun- 
date, cupuliform apex ending with an acute spine directed ventrad. 
Valva broadly subovate; sacculus dilated at base. Aedeagus mod- 
erately thick with a narrow, spoonlike distal process; cornutus elon- 


3 There are two places with this name in Costa Rica: one at San Miguel, the 
other at Canfas. 








NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—OBRAZTSOV 603 


gate, rather narrow with a pointed apical cap; cuneus composed of 
about 15 variously sized spines. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis flatly infundibular; lamella 
antevaginalis moderately broad. Antrum rather short, tubular with 
two crescent, medially dilated, lateral colliculi; cervical portion of 
corpus bursae with narrow, parallel wrinkles V-shaped; caudal section 
of this portion with two lateral, sclerotized, tuberculate projections; 
cestum shaped as a long, narrow, longitudinally carinate plate of some- 
what variable length. Corpus bursae moderately broad, slightly 
dilated caudad of middle portion; signum shaped as a moderate, trans- 
versely carinate plate slightly projected cephalad, or missing. 

Typres.—Lectotype, 2 (genitalia slide 4414, JFGC), Rio Cauca, 
Colombia; BM. Lectoparatypes: 5 29, same locality, 1915; BM. 
9, same data; USNM. 

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Colombia: ?, 1912 (Meyrick Collec- 
tion); BM. 3 99, no data (A. H. Fassl); USNM. 5 99, Rio Agua- 
catal, Cordillera Central, 2000 m. (A. H. Fassl); BM. 9 Manizales, 
Caldas (A. M. Patino); BM. 9 (genitalia slide 8687), Muzo, Boyaca, 
400-800 m. (A. H. Fassl); BM. 2 9, “Corinto,” Valle del Cauca, 
May—July; BM. Q, “Quilichaya,” Valle del Cauca, 6000 ft., March 
1907 (Walsingham 6532); BM. 9@ (genitalia slide 4415, JFGC), Las 
Juntas (‘““Yuntas’’) near Cali, Valle del Cauca (Dognin Collection) ; 
USNM. 9 (genitalia on slide 6611), 2 99, Cation del Monte Tolima, 
Valle del Cauca, 4700 m. (A. H. Fassl) ; BM. 

Remarks.—The wing spots are somewhat variable in the size, 
shape, and number, but this changes very little the general appearance 
of the species, which is esaily recognizable because of the very char- 
acteristic markings of the wings. The spots in the subterminal area of 
the forewing have a tendency to become confluent with the terminal 
streaks. On the hindwing there are generally no spots in the interior 
area of the wing, but in some specimens these spots are even more 
numerous than in the male specimen figured in the present paper. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) splendens (Druce) 
Ficure 10; Puates 19-21, 41 


Atteria splendens Druce, 1901, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, p. 440. 

Altteria flabellata Meyrick, 1912, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, for 1911, p. 676.— 
Clarke, 1955, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the 
British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 142. 

Pseudatteria splendens.— Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, 
pt. 10, pl 16; 1913, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 149, p. 22.— 
Clarke, 1958, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the 
British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 3, p. 200, pl. 100, figs. 
1-le. 


604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Pseudatteria flabellata.—Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, 
pt. 10, p. 16; 1913, zn Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 149, p. 22, pl. 2, 
fig. 25; pl. 5, fig. 77. 


MALe GENITALIA.—Uncus slender, scaphiform-spatulate, narrow at 
base and moderately dilated apically; tip rotundate with a small, 
setose papilla on ventral surface. Valva elongate, subrectangular 
with external margin broadly rounded; costa sclerotized at base; 
sacculus dilated at base, and narrowly extended along entire ventral 
margin of valva. Aedeagus moderately long and thick, with a 
narrow, spatulate, distal process, and with a spinulate area latero- 
distally; cornutus elongate, rather thick, bifurcate on tip, at base 
slightly dilated and laterally compressed; cuneus shaped as a long, 
curved chain of small spines, somewhat clustered disorderly in basal 
portion of chain, then uniordinally following one after another, and 
multiordinal in distal portion. 

FEMALE GBNITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis infundibular with a moder- 
ately broad lamella antevaginalis. Antrum tubular, slightly elongate, 
narrower than adjacent portion of cervix bursae; two lateral colliculi: 
cervical portion of corpus bursae striated, more densely caudally, 
and stronger sclerotized at right side; cestum long, rather narrow, 
tapering cephalad, and surrounded by a weaker sclerotized, serrately 
outlined area; corpus bursae long, moderately broad; signum elongate- 
scaphoid with scobination stronger laterad. 

Typres.—Lectotype of splendens, 2 (genitalia on slide 4425, JFGC), 
Sarayacu, Napo Pastaza, Ecuador (C. Buckley); BM. Holotype of 
flabellata, 2 (genitalia on slide 4423, JFGC), Ecuador, 1906 (‘‘B.”); 
BM. 

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Colombia: 92, no exact locality 
data; DEI. 9, Florida, Rio Putumayo, April 1932 (G. Klug); BM. 
Ecuador: 9, no exact locality data (Meyrick collection); BM. 9 
(genitalia on slide 66—Obr., 1963), no exact locality data (J. Arp); 
USMN. o (genitalia on slide 6612), and 2 99, Sarayacu, Napo 
Pastaza (C. Buckley); BM. o, same data; USNM. Peru: Q, 
Yurimaguas, Loreto (Parish; Meyrick Collection); BM. 9, same 
locality; DEI. 2 99, Chambireyact near Yurimaguas, Rio Huallaga, 
June-August 1885 (M. de Mathan); BM. oa, Iquitos (Yquitos), 
Loreto, May 1932 (G. Klug); BM. 3 99, Rio Maraiion, Loreto, 
1913 (Meyrick Collection); BM. ¢, Rio Napo, Loreto, 1913 (Meyrick 
Collection); BM. <, Pebas, Loreto, ‘‘fin X*T¢ & 1° Tr. 1880” (M. de 
Mathan); BM. Brazil: 9, Sad Paulo de Olivencga (‘Sao Paulo de 
Olivina’”’), Amazonas; VMNH. 2 99 (genitalia of one, slide 8681), 
Alcobaga, Rio Tocantins, Pardé, April (A. H. Fassl); BM. 2 99, 
same data; USNM. 











NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—-OBRAZTSOV 605 

Remarks.—A rather variable species, most similar to chrysanthema 
Meyrick, igniflora Meyrick, and the new species tremewani and 
bradleyi in the markings of the forewing. To judge from the ex- 
amined materials, the most constant external character of splendens 
consists of two costal streaks in the outer half of the forewing (the 
third and the fourth streaks, counting from the wing apex). ‘These 
streaks are always joined together with their tips, forming a figure 
similar to the inverted Greek letters 7 or y; in a few cases this union 
is incomplete, but even then the tips of the above streaks are closely 
approximate to each other. This feature appears to be helpful for 
separation of splendens from most of the above-mentioned species, 
but it is insufficient for a separation of splendens and chrysanthema 
because of a similar arrangement of costal streaks in these two species. 
Nevertheless an experienced eye can find some distinction in the 
shape and arrangement of the terminal and tornal markings of the 
forewing, also in the markings of the hindwing of splendens and 
chrysanthema, but in dubious cases only the examination of the gen- 
italia can be reliable. 

The variation of the species shows itself in the additional develop- 
ment of some elements of the wing pattern, as well as in their re- 
duction and/or division into smaller portions. Most striking are the 
two females from Brazil (pl. 41, figs. 5 and 6) which give the impres- 
sion of being some separate species. A genitalic examination has 
proven their identity with splendens. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) volcanica (Butler) 
Figure 11; PLates 22-27, 41 


A comparative study and the genitalic examination of the five 
forms (volcanica Butler, mimica Felder, rivularis Butler, potamites 
Walsingham, and geminipuncta Walsingham), described as separate 
species, give good reasons to consider them as being conspecific. 
On the basis of the superficial characters it becomes possible never- 
theless to treat the specimens from South America and those from 
Central America as two separate subspecies, rather distinctly differ- 
entiated from each other. In some individuals this difference is seen 
perhaps less clearly than in others, but in general the separation of 
the two subspecies is not difficult. 

MALE GENITALIA.—Uncus elongate-scaphiform, gradually dilated 
from a short stalk toward a rotundate tip ending with a little, acute 
point directed ventrad and accompanied by a small, setose papilla 
located basad of it. Valva elongate-ovate with external margin 
rounded; costa narrow, sclerotized; sacculus slightly thickened at 
base, and narrowly extended at least to middle of ventral edge of 
valva. Aedeagus moderately long and thick, with a narrow, slightly 


606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


undulate distal process tapering apicad; cornutus elongate, rather 
broad, ending with a distal cap with base much longer than height 
of cap and produced more to one side; a long, cordlike cuneus some- 
what twisted in basal portion, and composed of numerous, minute 
thorns. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis rather flatly infundibular 
with a narrow, transverse lamella antevaginalis. Antrum slightly 
sclerotized, subcylindrical, somewhat incurved laterally, about two 
times as long as broad; two arcuate, lateral colliculi, one on each side 
of antrum; cervical portion of corpus bursae longitudinally striated; 
cestum moderately long with a narrow, elevated, longitudinal carina 
and a serrately outlined area around it; corpus bursae elongate, rather 
broad; signum with a transverse carina separating a smooth, rotundate, 
caudal area from an angulate, cephalic area. 





Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) volcanica volcanica (Butler), new status 


PLaTEs 22, 23, 41 


Aiteria voleanica Butler, 1872, Cistula Ent., vol. 1, p. 90; 1874, Lepidoptera 
Exotica, p. 178, pl. 61, fig. 4. 

Atteria mimica Felder, 1875, in Reise der Fregatte Novara, Zool., vol. 2, pt. 2, 
p. 3, pl. 189, fig. 42. [New synonymy.] 

Pseudatteria volcanica.—Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, 
pt. 10, p. 16; 1913, 71 Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 149, p. 22.— 
Walsingham, 1914, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera Heterocera, 
vol. 4, p. 269. 

Pseudatteria mimica.—Meyrick, 1912, op. cit., pt. 10, p. 16; 1913, op. cit., fase. 
149, p. 22. 

Marginal streaks of forewing distinctly broader than white inter- 
spaces between them; penultimate costal streak reaches imaginary line 
drawn between tips of fourth costal streak (counting from wing apex) 
and upper tornal streak; orange area not or slightly distributed 
externad of this line. Apical spots of hindwing confluent into a large 
patch. 

Typres.—Holotype of voleanica, 2 (genitalia slide 4409, JFGC), New 
Granada (14-17; according to original description: E. W. Janson); 
BM. Holotype of mimica, 2 (genitalia slide 4411, JFGC), Bogota, 
Colombia (Lindig; Felder Collection; 400163); BM. 

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Colombia: 9°, Medellin, Antioquia 
Gallego M.); USNM. 2 #o& (genitalia of one, slide 8673), and 11 99 
(genitalia of one, slide 8674), Cananche, Cundinamarca, ‘1° Sem.” 
1900, July-August 1903 (M. de Mathan); BM. 3 99, Bogota, Cun- 
dinamarca; BM. 5 99, Muzo, Boyacd, July-August 1903 (M. de 
Mathan), 400-800 m. (H. Fassl); BM. 3 99, same locality, Jan. 20 
(Dognin Collection); USNM. 2 99, Villavicencio, Amazonas (Dognin 








NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—-OBRAZTSOV 607 


Collection); USNM. Peru: 2, Oxapampa, Pasco, 2000 m. (Dognin 
Collection) ; USNM. 

Remarks.—The difference between the type specimens of volcanica 
Butler and mimica Felder is very minimal and merely consists of the 
confluence of three terminal streaks of the forewing and a somewhat 
distinct shape of the apical patch of the hindwing in mimica. These 
characters are rather inconstant and vary from specimen to specimen. 
In general, the subspecies volcanica seems to be less variable than the 
subspecies rivularis, and no forms with the streaks of the forewing 
widely reduced or confluent as described in the latter subspecies are 
known for the subspecies volcanica. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) volcanica rivularis (Butler), new status 
FiIGurE 11; PLATES 24-27 


Atteria rivularis Butler, 1875, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 15, p. 342. 

Pseudatteria rivularis— Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus 
pt. 10, p. 16; 1913, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 149, p. 22.— 
Walsingham, 1914, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepidoptera Heterocera, 
vol. 4, p. 269, pl. 8, fig. 3—Busck, 1931, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 
26, p. 210, pl. 11, fig. 15. 

Pseudatteria potamites Walsingham, 1913, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lepi- 
doptera Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 214; 1914, op. cit., vol. 4, p. 267, 268, pl. 
8, fig. 4. [New synonymy.] 

Pseudatteria geminipuncta Walsingham, 1914, op. cit., vol. 4, p. 268, pl. 8, fig. 
5. [New synonymy.] 

Marginal streaks of forewing narrow, generally almost as broad 
as white interspaces between them, or slightly broader; penultimate 
costal streak not reaching imaginary line drawn between tips of fourth 
costal streak (counting from wing apex) and upper tornal streak; 
orange area distributed rather far externad of this line. Apical 
spots of hindwing more or less separate from each other. 

Typrs.—P. rivularis: Lectotype, 2 (genitalia slide 4410, JFGC), 
Veraguas (‘‘Veragua’), Panama (‘‘75-28”’); 9 lectoparatype, same 
locality (‘‘75-28”); BM. P. potamites: Lectotype, & (genitalia 
slide 4407, JFGC), Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, 4500 ft., 1887 (W. 
Schaus; 4601); lectallotype, female (genitalia slide 4408, JFGC), 
same data (4602); BM. @ lectoparatype, same locality (5964); 
USNM. @ lectoparatype, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico (W. Schaus; 
5963); BM. One female lectoparatype, same locality, February 
1908 (R. Muller); USNM. One female lectoparatype, Misantla, 
Veracruz, Mexico (W. Schaus; 5965); 2 lectoparatype, El Zapote, 
Escuintla, Guatemala (G. C. Champion; 66229); USNM. 9 lecto- 
paratype, Juan Vifias, Cartago, Costa Rica, 2500-3500 ft., Novem- 
ber 1906 (W. Schaus; 5968); BM. P. geminipuncta: Holotype, 


608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 118 


2 (genitalia slide 5772), Panama (Saunders Collection; ‘94-68”’) ; 
BM. 
OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Central America: 9 (Felder Col- | 
lection; 400152); BM. Mexico: o’, no locality data; USNM. o& 
(genitalia on slide 8671), and 9 (W. Schaus, and Paravicini Collection); — 
BM. 38 99 (genitalia of one, slide 8672), Jalapa, Veracruz (Hoge; 
66227), and 4500 ft., 1887 (G. C. Champion; 4603, 4604); BM. of 
(genitalia of one, slide 4412, JFGC), and 7 99 (genitalia of one, 
slide 4413, JFGC), same locality; USNM. 2 &@o@ (genitalia of one 
on slide, prepared by A. Busck on Sept. 4, 1919), Orizaba, Veracruz — 
(W. Schaus); USNM. 9, Misantla, Veracruz (M. Trujillo; 66228); 
BM. 9, Coatepec, Veracruz (Brooks; 66226); BM. o& (genitalia 
slide 6617), San Andrés Tuxtla (“‘S. Andres”), Veracruz, April 1914; | 
BM. @ (genitalia slide 4408, JFGC), Veracruz, 1887 (W. Schaus; 
only the slide located); USNM. Guatemala: 4 99, no locality data; | 
USNM. 9, no locality data, 1930 (Meyrick Collection); BM. 9, 
“Vera Paz,” 1915 (“C.C.”); BM. 3 oo (genitalia of one on slide, 
prepared by A. Busck on Dec. 4, 1928), and 4 99 ‘‘Cayuga,” Mar., 
May, Sept., and Oct. (Schaus and Barnes Collection); USNM. 
2 (genitalia on slide, prepared by A. Busck on Mar. 11, 1926), Tactic, | 
Alta Verapaz, July (Schaus and Barnes Collection); USNM. 3 99 | 
Gubilquitz, Alta Verapaz, 1050 ft., 1880 (G. C. Champion; 66235, 
66236, 66241); BM. o (genitalia slide 6616), and 9, Senahu, Alta | 
Verapaz, 2800 ft., November 1879 (G. C. Champion); BM. a2, | 
Panzés, Alto Verapaz (G. C. Champion; 66240); BM. @ (abdomen | 
missing), Tucurt, Alta Verapaz, May 1917; BM. 4 99, Purulé, | 
Baja Verapaz (Schaus and Barnes Collection); USNM. 9, same | 
locality (G. C. Champion; 66232); BM. o& (genitalia on slide, | 
prepared by A. Busck on Feb. 14, 1929), and 4 99, Volcan de Santa 
Maria, Quezaltenango, Apr., June, and Oct. (Schaus and Barnes 
collection); USNM. 9, Las Mercedes, Quezaltenango, 3000 ft., 1881 
(G. C. Champion); USNM. 9, same data (G. C. Champion; 66242) ; 
BM. 9, El Tumbador (“El Zumbador’’), San Marcos, 2500 ft. (G. | 
C. Champion; 66238); BM. 9, San Isidro, Suchitepéquez, 1600 ft., | 
1880 (G. C. Champion; 66239); BM. 2 99, Capetillo, Sacatepéquez — 
(G. C. Champion; 66233, 66234); BM. 7 99, El Zapote, Escuintla, 
2000 ft., 1879 (G. C. Champion; Walsingham, and Meyrick Collec- | 
tions; among them nos. 66230, and 66231); BM. 9, Palin, Escuintla, 
July (Schaus and Barnes Collection); USNM._ British Honduras: 
2, no locality data; BM. 9, Rio Grande, 1932 (J. J. White); BM. 
2 92, Rio Sarstun (“Sarstoon’”’) (Blancanen; 66243, 66244); BM. 
Honduras: 2, no locality data (J. Lienhart; Meyrick Collection); | 
BM. 9, “La Cambre” (= ?La Cumbre), 3000 ft., June 1922 (J. | 
Lienhart; Meyrick Collection); BM. 4 99, San Pedro Sula, Cortés, 








NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—OBRAZTSOV 609 


1896 (E. Wittkugel), and 4200 ft., June 1922 (J. Lienhart; Meyrick 
Collection); BM. Nicaragua: ? (genitalia slide 705—Obr.), ‘‘Western 
Nicaragua,” March ?, 1917; AMNH. a (genitalia slide 635-Obr.), 
Matagalpa, June 28, 1953; AMNH. 9, “Concordia Cafétal,”’ 
Jinotega, 4400 ft., March 1906 (M. G. Palmer); BM. Costa Rica: 
11 29 (two of them without abdomina), no locality data (Underwood; 
A. G. M. Gillott), and “.15” (V. P.; Meyrick Collection); BM. 9, 
Rio Cascajal, Alahuela, January 1924 (Janson); BM. 9 (abdomen 
missing), Rio Reventazén, March 1923; BM. o (genitalia on slide 
6618), Voledn de Irazti, Cartago, 6000-7000 ft., (Rogers; 66260); BM. 
2 99, Orosi, Cartago, 1200 ft. (A. H. Fassl); BM. 3 99, Juan Viiias, 
Cartago; no date; 4000 ft., Aug. 24, 1908; and 2500-3500 feet, Novem- 
ber 1906 (W. Schaus); USNM. 16 99, Cachi, Cartago (H. Rogers; 
66245-66250, 66252-66258, and others); BM. 4 99, same locality 
(W. Schaus; H. Rogers); USNM. 9 99 (genitalia of one on slide 
prepared by A. Busck on Mar. 10, 1926), Tuis, Cartago; no date; 
2400 ft.; and 2400 ft., July 1907 (W. Schaus); USNM. 2 99, “La 
Florida” (= ? La Flor, Cartago), 5000 ft. (W. Schaus); USNM. 
Panama: 9, no locality data (Saunders Collection); BM.* @ ‘Cerro 
Campana,” Dec. 29, 1946 (R. E. Ellison); BM. 

Remarks.—The nominate form of this subspecies has the apical 
streak of the forewing continued to the upper of the tornal streaks and 
connected to it. The specimens without this connection received the 
name potamites Walsingham. They have the terminal streaks of the 
forewing narrow, and some rotundate spots located internad of streaks. 
The name geminipucta Walsingham was given to an undoubtedly 
aberrative, narrow-winged female specimen representing an extreme 
of the form potamites. All these forms intergrade with each other, 
and thus hardly deserve separate names. Even Walsingham him- 
self, the author of potamites, was probably not quite certain of the 
characters distinguishing it, and identified some paratypes of this 
“species” in the collection of the U.S. National Museum (nos. 5962, 
5964, and 66229) as being rivularis. The photographs in the present 
paper give an idea of the variation of the subspecies in Central 
America and, besides the intergrading specimens, also include some 
forms slightly deviating from the average limits of this variation. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) bradleyi, new species 
PLATE 28 
Frmate.— Antenna black with scattered, whitish scales on scapus. 
Labial palpus black with cream-white color starting at base laterally 


4 One other female specimen in the British Museum (Natural History), labeled 
“Panama Crowley,” belongs to the subspecies volcanica and probably originates 
from South America. 

219-933—66——3 


610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 — 


and turning on inner surface to middle of second segment. Head 
cream white with a median, black stripe expanded on vertex. Thorax 
black with some cream-white spots posteriorly and laterally; patagia 
cream white, black at middle; tegula black, along external margin 
and on apex cream white. Abdomen orange. Forewing deep reddish 
orange, in subcostal area and external third of wing cream white; 
blue-black markings: nine costal streaks; two external streaks con- 
fluent with themselves and a long, apical streak, forming a trifurcate 
spot; a large, bifurcate spot on termen, confluent with a rotundate, 
tornal spot; a separate, rotundate spot at border of orange and cream- 
white areas between tornal spot and seventh costal streak (counting 
from wing base); cilia concolorous with marginal markings, blue 
black in front of spots touching termen, and cream white in inter- 
spaces. Length of forewing 14 mm. Hindwing deep reddish orange 
with violet-black marginal spots: a large spot at wing apex, confluent 
with a smaller terminal spot beneath; two smaller, separate spots at 
tornus; cilia cream white at apex, between apical and terminal spots, 
and between terminal and tornal spots; in front of spots cilia con- 
colorous with them, in remaining portions orange. 

Mauzr.— Unknown. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis rotundate-infundibular with 
lamella antevaginalis laterally dilated, at middle narrowed for a short 
distance. Antrum widely tubular, slightly narrowed caudally, and 
with cephalic margin scalloped; two narrow, lateral colliculi; cervical 


portion of corpus bursae striated, with a dense sclerotization near lin- 


ear cestum, latter slightly protruding this sclerotized area; corpus 
bursae moderately broad; signum with an arcuate, transverse carina, a 


weakly sclerotized area caudally, and a serrate, triangular area 


cephalically. 
Typr.—Holotype, ? (genitalia slide 8679), Las Yungas, La Paz, 
Bolivia, 1000 m., Oct. 29, 1908 (Seebold; 16476); BM. The exact 


date and the altitude were established on the basis of information by _ 


TH. Rebel, found in the catalogue of the Walsingham Collection. 


ReMARKS.—Very similar in the markings of the wings to igniflora | 


Meyrick. Differs from this shghtly variable species in having some 
scattered, whitish scales on the scapus of the antenna, the inner surface 


of the second segment of the labial palpus cream white only to its — 


middle, the patagia interrupted at the middle by black, the terminal 
and the tornal spots of the forewing connate, the latter spot rotundate, 
the apical spot of the hindwing smaller, and the genitalia distinct in 
their details. The genitalic differences consist mainly of the sinus 
vaginalis being less wide and more rotundate, the narrow middle por- 
tion of the lamella antevaginalis much shorter, the antrum somewhat 
longer and slightly narrowed caudally, its cephalic margin being dis- 








NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—OBRAZTSOV 611 


tinctly scalloped, both of the colliculi narrow, and the signum shaped 
differently. The cestum is similar to that in igniflora, but does not 
reach as far cephalad, being almost hidden in the sclerotization of the 
cervix portion of the bursa copulatrix. This sclerotization is distinctly 
striated in the new species; in igniflora it is rather marmorated. 

The species is named for J. D. Bradley of the British Museum 
(Natural History), whose kind assistance and steady attention to the 
present author’s research have contributed much to the completeness 
of the present paper. 


Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) igniflora Meyrick 
PiatsEs 29, 30 


Pseudatteria igniflora Meyrick, 1930, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 3, p. 606.— 
Clarke, 1955, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the 
British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 167; 1958, op. cit., 
vol. 3, p. 196, pl. 98, figs. 3-3c. 


FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis very flatly infundibular with 
lamella antevaginalis narrow at middle and dilated laterally. Antrum 
tubular, rather short, caudally slightly narrower than cephalically; 
two lateral colliculi, right one distinctly broader; cervical portion of 
corpus bursae caudally almost as broad as antrum, cephalically more 
or less dilated, striated, and sometimes with spots between lines, 
looking somewhat marmorate; caudal margin of cervical portion more 
or less scalloped, caudolaterally sometimes with sclerotized areas; 
cestum more or less long with a longitudinal carina; corpus bursae 
long, rather broad; signum with a transverse fold and two rather 
smooth, weakly sclerotized areas somewhat narrowed to their ends 
and located caudad and cephalad of fold. 

Typr.—Holotype, 2 (genitalia slide 4424, JFGC), Bolivia (ex 
Germain); BM. 

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Bolivia: 2 (genitalia slide 4532, 
JFGC), no exact data (ex Germain); USNM. @ (genitalia slide 
M. 1030), Chapare, 400 m., June 1951 (R. Zischke); ZSM. 

Remarks.—The species was established on the basis of a single 
female specimen; the male is unknown. The two females, additionally 
examined by the present author, differ slightly from the type. In one 
of these females (Chapare; slide M. 1030) there is a narrow, additional 
costal streak on the forewing between the fourth and fifth main 
streaks; on the left forewing the terminal spot is joined to the tornal 
spot, and on each hindwing there are two tornal spots below the large 
terminal spot. These characters make this female somewhat similar 
to bradleyi, new species, but in the latter the corpus bursae is distinctly 
shorter, and the lamella antevaginalis, antrum, and cestum have 


612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


other shapes. In the other female of igniflora (“Bolivia’’; slide 4532) 
the preapical spot of the forewing includes only one cream-white 
costal mark, and is narrower connected with the internal, rounded 
extension of the apical spot. The latter and the terminal spot below 
it each includes only one cream-white marginal mark. The tornal spot 
has no cream-white mark on the dorsum or anywhere. The apical 
spot of the hindwing is less extended internad than in the type of 
igniflora, and has a rather long, cream-white mark at the wing apex. 
All interspaces between the terminal and tornal spots are reddish 
orange; in the type of igniflora the interspace between the terminal 
spot and the upper of the tornal spots is cream white. The genitalia 
of this female also are distinct from those of bradleyi, and differ 
somewhat from those of the type specimen and the female specimen 
of igniflora which has been discussed previously. It is quite possible 
that in Bolivia there are more than one species similar to igniflora, and 
the specimen from ‘Bolivia’ (slide 4532) belongs to a new species. 


Subgenus Eurynatteria, new subgenus 


Atteria (in part)—Druce, 1901, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, p. 439.— 
Dognin, 1904, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. 48, p. 132.—Meyrick, 1909, 
Trans. Ent. Soe. London, p. 14.—Dognin, 1912, Hétérocéres nouveaux de 
lV Amérique du Sud, fase. 6, p. 51. 

Pseudatteria (in part).—Meyrick, 1912, zn Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, 
pt. 10, p. 16; 1913, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 149, p. 22; 1917, 
Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 6; 1924, Exotie Microlepidoptera, vol. 3, pp. 108, 
109; 1936, Arb. Morph. Taxon. Ent. Berlin, vol. 3, p. 104.—Clarke, 1958, 
Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum 
described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 3, pp. 195, 196. 





Type sprcies.—Atteria heliocausta Dognin, 1912. 

Ma.e.—Uncus broadly spatulate, widely dilated apically. Vesica 
with a single, robust cornutus; no cuneus. 

Frmaute.—Antrum as broad as sinus vaginalis; no lateral colliculi. 
Cervix bursae with strong thorns caudally, without  striation 
cephalically. 

The name Euryn (+ Atteria, the name of a tortricid genus) is 
derived from the Greek evpvs, meaning wide or broad. 


Pseudatteria (Eurynatteria) dictyanthes Meyrick 


PLATE 31 


Pseudatteria dictyanthes Meyrick, 1936, Arb. Morph. Taxon. Ent. Berlin, vol. 3, 
p. 104.—Clarke, 1955, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera 

in the British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 116. 
FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis with a narrow, almost linear 
lamella antevaginalis. Antrum slightly narrower than adjacent 





NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—-OBRAZTSOV 613 


portion of corpus bursae; many strong, rather long thorns in and 
before caudal section of cervical portion of corpus bursae; caudal half 
of corpus bursae slightly sclerotized and decorated with some stronger 
sclerotized, longitudinal folds; corpus bursae elongate, rather broad, 
rounded cephalically; signum shaped as an irregular, scobinate plate. 
Typre.—Holotype, 9, Ecuador; DEI. 
Remark.—The species is known only from its holotype. 


Pseudatteria (Eurynatteria) buckleyi (Druce) 
PLATES 32, 33 


Atteria buckleyi Druce, 1901, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, p. 439. 

Atteria purpurea Dognin, 1904, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. 48, p. 132. [New 
synonymy.] 

Pseudatteria buckleyi.— Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 
10, p. 16; 1913, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 149, p. 22. 

Pseudatteria purpurea.—Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus 
pt. 10, p. 16; 1913, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 149, p. 22. 


MALE GENITALIA.—Uncus spatulate, obtriangular, narrow at base, 
and widely dilated and rounded distally. Valva subrectangular 
with external margin rounded; costa sclerotized, and with a dentate 
harpe. Aedeagus thick with a broad, apical process; cornutus long, 
dilated in basal portion, and narrowly tapering in distal portion. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis with a lamella antevaginalis 
narrow at middle and dilated laterally. Antrum scobinate cephali- 
cally; thorns in cervical area moderately long; caudal half of corpus 
bursae distinctly sclerotized; corpus bursae broad, cephalically 
rounded; signum shaped as a plate with serrated outline, and cephali- 
cally with an elevated carina. 

Typres.—Holotype of buckleyi, @ (genitalia slide 5769), Intag 
(“Intaj’’), Ecuador (C. Buckley; 6609); BM. Holotype of purpurea, 
2 (genitalia missing), Loja vicinity, Ecuador, 1893 (Dognin); USNM. 

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Ecuador a’, and 3 99 (genitalia 
of one, slide 6625), Chiguinda (C. Buckley); BM. <, Sarayacu 
(C. Buckley); BM. 

RemaArks.—In compliance with the labels in the collection of the 
British Museum (Natural History), J. Durrant supposed that buck- 
leyi and purpurea might merely be the two sexes of one species. 
The present author approves this point of view and finds especially 
convincing the fact that the markings of the forewing are very similar 
in both buckleyi and purpurea. The differences in the markings 
of the hindwing may be explained by sexual dimorphism, already 
observed in two other species of the same subgenus Eurynatteria. 
Thus, in the males of cantharopa Meyrick these markings also are 
more developed and confluent, while in the females they consist 


614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


of separate spots. In the females of heliocausta Dognin the markings 
of the hindwing are somewhat more scanty than in the males, and 
only in the form baccheutis Meyrick of this species is the difference 
less striking, because of the development of additional spots. A 
careful comparison of the male specimens of buckleyi and the female 
specimens of purpurea permits recognition of common elements 
in the markings of the hindwing. This is particularly convincing 
in the specimens of both sexes, collected in the same locality 
(Chiguinda). 

The abdomen of the holotype of purpurea had been badly damaged, 
probably at the time the specimen was caught or shortly after, 
and the genitalia became lost. For this reason it has become necessary 
to examine and photograph the female genitalia of a specimen other 
than the holotype, but superficially similar to it. 


Pseudatteria (Eurynatteria) cantharopa (Meyrick) 
PLATES 34-36 


The holotype of this species is a female with the abdomen missing. 
The present author had the chance to examine two more female 
specimens originating from the same locality as the holotype (Chulu- 
mani, Bolivia) and well matching the latter. Moreover, he had at 
hand six more specimens from Peru, similar to those from Bolivia, 
but nevertheless distinct from them in some external characters, 
constant in all of the examined specimens. The female genitalia 
give no grounds for separation of the Peruvian moths as a species 
distinct from cantharopa, but the external appearance permits treating 
them at least as a subspecies. 


Pseudatieria (Eurynatteria) cantharopa cantharopa 
(Meyrick), new status 


PLATE 34 


Atteria cantharopa Meyrick, 1909, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 14.—Clarke, 1955, 
Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum 
described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 73. 

Pseudatteria cantharopa.—Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, 
pt. 10, p. 16; 1913 zn Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 149, p. 22.—Clarke, 
1958, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British 
Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 3, p. 195, pl. 97, fig. 2. 

Frmate.—Antenna black. Labial palpus with terminal segment 
and outer surface of second segment black; basal segment, inner surface 
and dorsal edge of second segment greenish black. Head orange 
with a median black stripe expanded on vertex. Thorax and tegula 
deep bluish black; patagia, base and fringes of tegula, two anterior, 
three median, and two posterior spots on thorax orange. Abdomen 





NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—-OBRAZTSOV 615 


copper brown, sometimes with bluish-green reflection. Forewing 
orange; two broad, transverse, prismatic bluish-green bands, crossing 
wing from costa to dorsum, one at middle of wing, other between 
middle band and base of wing; a large, concolorous, irregularly ovate 
spot externad of middle band, and remote from all wing margins; 
mentioned bands and spot outlined with black; a moderate, black 
costal spot near base of wing; three smaller, concolorous spots along 
basal portion of dorsum; two black, rather small spots in interspace 
of transverse bands, one on costa, another below it, and an obliterate 
spot on dorsum in same interspace; four black spots in external 
portion of costa, one spot on wing apex, three on termen, and two or 
three on tornus; cilia concolorous with adjacent portions of wing. 
Length of forewing 14 mm. Hindwing orange with brownish-black 
markings consisting of two large spots on costa, two or three almost 
equally large spots on disc, one small spot on wing apex, four equally 
sized spots on termen, two large spots on tornus; dorsal area of wing 
broadly black; cilia concolorous with adjacent portions of wing. 

Type.—Holotype, 2 (abdomen missing), Chulumani, Bolivia, 
December 1906, 6500 ft. (“S.”’”); BM. 

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—2 99 (genitalia of one on slide 
M.1011), Yungas, Chulumani, Bolivia, 1500-2000 m. (Schulze); 
ZSM. 

Remarks.—The male of this subspecies is unknown; the female 
genitalia as in subspecies pulchra. 


Pseudatteria (Eurynatteria) cantharopa pulchra, new subspecies 
Puatss 35, 36. 


Similar to subspecies cantharopa, but without black dots in inter- 
space of transverse bands of forewing. Length of forewing 15-16 
mm. Hindwing of female as in cantharopa, but with spots on disc 
more or less confluent with costal spots; interspaces of marginal 
spots more or less darkened with brown; in male brown dorsal area 
of hindwing widely distributed over disc, and marginal spots more or 
less confluent with themselves; cilia of hindwing brown in both sexes. 

Mate GENITALIA.—Uncus subcordate on a short stalk. Valva 
oblong with external margin rotundate; costa with a short, angulate 
harpe at about middle; sacculus rather cylindrical at base, then 
narrowly extended along ventral margin of (folded) valva. Aedeagus 
thick with a rotundate coecum penis; a single, large cornutus broad 
in basal portion and with a long, tapering distal process. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis with a narrow lamella ante- 
vaginalis roundly dilated laterally. Antrum cephalically encircled 
by a rather broad area of cervical portion of corpus bursae covered 


616 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


with strong, numerous thorns; cervical portion of corpus bursae 
membranous, broader than corpus itself; a broad, sclerotized girdle 
located cephalad of cervical portion, and surrounded by small, sclero- 
tized dots, in part confluent among themselves; corpus bursae broad, 
rounded on fundus; signum shaped as a scobinate, slightly folded plate. 

Typres.—Holotype, & (genitalia slide 99—Obr., 1964), Chachapoyas, 
Dept. Amazonas, Peru, 1889 (M. de Mathan); allotype, 9° (genitalia 
slide 100—Obr., 1964), Peru (M. de Mathan); USNM. 67565 Para- 
types: co’, Peru (M. de Mathan); & (genitalia slide 6623), 2 99 
(genitalia of one slide 6624), Chachapoyas, Dept. Amazonas, Peru, 
1889 (M. de Mathan); BM. 


Pseudatteria (Eurynatteria) heliocausta (Dognin) 


PLATES 37-39. 


Atteria heliocausta Dognin, 1912, Hétérocéres nouveaux de lAmérique du Sud, 
fasc. 6, p. 51. 

Pseudatteria fornicata Meyrick, 1917, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, p. 6.—Clarke, 
1955, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British 
Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 148. 

Pseudatteria metacapna Meyrick, 1924, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 3, p. 108.— 
Clarke, 1955, op. cit., vol. 1, p. 204. 

Pseudatteria heliocausta.—Clarke, 1958, Catalogue of the type specimens of 
Microlepidoptera in the British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, 
vol. 3, p. 196, pl. 98, figs. 1-1c, 2-2c. 

Mae GEeniTaLtiA.—Uncus broad, subcordate with a short stalk. 
Valva oblong, rotundate externally; costa with a rotundate-triangular 
harpe before middle; sacculus thickened at base, then narrowly 
extended along ventral margin of (folded) valva. Aedeagus mod- 
erately thick with a rotundate apical projection; cornutus strong, 
corniform, narrow and tapering distad, dilated basad. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis with a rather broad lamella 
antevaginalis roundly dilated laterally. Antrum covered cephalically 
by caudal margin of cervical portion of corpus bursae with many 
thorns; a sclerotized, mosaic area at right side of caudal section of 
corpus bursae; latter broad; signum shaped as a plate with a narrow, 
scobinate margin not closed caudally, often with a narrow, oblique 
carina, and somewhat variable in form. 

Types.—Lectotype of heliocausta, & (genitalia slide 2-Obr., 
Feb. 24, 1961), San Antonio, District Cali, Columbia, 2000 m., 
Sep. 22, 1908 (A. H. Fassl); &@ lectoparatype (genitalia slide prepared 
by A. Busck, Apr. 4, 1926), same data; USNM. Lectotype of fornicata, 
? (genitalia slide 4420, JFGC), San Antonio, District Cali, Colombia, 
5800 ft., November 1907 (‘‘R.”’); BM. @ lectoparatype of fornicata 
(genitalia slide 4431, JFGC), same locality; USNM. Lectotype of 
metacapna, 2 (genitalia slide 4421, JFGC), San Antonio, District Cali, 





OBRAZTSOV 617 





NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX 


Colombia, 8000 ft., January 1909; lectallotype, @ (genitalia slide 
4422, JFGC), same data; BM. 

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Colombia: 2 99, Bogoté, Cundina- 
marca (Child); BM. o, “Mt. Socorro,” 12,500 ft., 1920 (Meyrick 
Collection); BM. 4 @o@ (genitalia of one, slide 6613) and 6 99, Rio 
Aguacatal, W. Cordillera, 2000 m. (A. H. Fassl); BM. of and 2 99 
genitalia slides 4432-4434, JFGC), same data; USNM. d’, 2, San 
Antonio, District Cali, 240 m. (A. H. Fassl); BM. &@ (genitalia slide 
630-Obr.), District Cali, 6500 ft., Jan. 24,1985; AMNH. 9, Cajon del 
Monte Tolima, Valle del Cauca, 1300 m. (A. H. Fassl); BM. 

REMARKS.—Somewhat similar to symplacota Meyrick and with a 
cornutus almost of the same shape. Differs in having the genitalic 
characters of the subgenus Lurynatteria and in some details of the 
markings of the wings. The latter vary a little in the confluence of the 
apical and terminal streaks of the forewing and the development of 
spots in the internal areas of both wings; the extreme form with nu- 
merous discal spots received a separate name baccheutis Meyrick 
The hindwing of male is suffused with yellowish olive and usually has 
the subdorsal spots larger and more numerous. 


Pseudatteria (Eurynatteria) heliocausta (Dognin) form baccheutis Meyrick, 
new status 


Puates 40, 41 


Pseudatteria baccheutis Meyrick, 1924, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 3, p. 109.— 
Clarke, 1955, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the 
British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 62; 1958, op. cit., 
vol. 3, p. 195, pl. 97, figs. 1-1c. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—As in the nominate form of heliocausta. 
Typr.—Lectotype, ? (genitalia slide 4437, JFGC), Volcan de Mira- 
valles, Guanacaste and Alajuela, Costa Rica, 1895 (“‘U.”’); BM. 
OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Oosta Rica: 2 (genitalia slide 4438, 
JFGC), no exact data, 1906 (U.”); BM. @ (genitalia on slide), ‘La 
Caja,” 8 km. west of San José, 1930 (Schmidt); DEI. 
Remarks.—Meyrick described baccheutis as a separate species on the 
basis of two specimens, one of which was the present lectotype, and 

the other a male which is now missing. The photographs in plate 40 

eive a clear idea of baccheutis as a form very close to heliocausta. The 

only important difference between them is in the discal and dorsal 
spots, well developed in baccheutis and only slightly (and not always) 

indicated in heliocausta. The discal dots of the hindwing show a 

similar arrangement in both, although they also are better developed 

and more numerous in baccheutis. There is no difference in the female 
genitalia of both, and this is the reason for treating baccheutis and 
heliocausta as conspecific. It is quite possible that baccheutis, originat- 


618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 118 


ing from a rather widely remote locality, might be a geographical sub- 
species of heliocausta, but this cannot be proven until more material is 
available. 
Subgenus Sphaeratteria, new subgenus 
Pseudatteria (in part).—Meyrick, 1930, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 3, p. 606; 
1932, op. cit., vol. 4, p. 254.—Clarke, 1958, Catalogue of the type specimens of 
Microlepidoptera in the British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 3, 
pp. 195, 200. 

Typ speciES.—Pseudatteria symplacota Meyrick, 1930. 

Ma.r.— Uncus with a ventral, transverse carina in slightly dilated 
basal portion; terminal portion of uncus equally broad. Vesica with a 
single, robust cornutus; no cuneus. 

Frematr.—Antrum and cervical portion of corpus bursae fused 
together, forming a globular dilatation as broad as sinus vaginalis; 
cephalic section of this globe densely covered with thorns. 

The name Sphaer (-+-atteria, the name of a tortricid genus) is 
derived from the Greek ogdarpa, meaning a ball or a sphere. 


Pseudatteria (Sphaeratteria) symplacota Meyrick 


PLATES 42, 43 


Pseudatteria symplacota Meyrick, 1930, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 3, p. 606.— 
Clarke, 1955, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the 
British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 300; 1958, op. cit., 
vol. 3, p. 200, pl. 100, figs. 1-1c, 3-3c. 

Pseudatteria anemonantha Meyrick, 1932, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 4, p. 
254.—Clarke, 1955, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera 
in the British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 46; 1958, 
op. cit., vol. 3, p. 195. 

Maer GENITALIA.—Uncus moderately broad, spatulate; at base 
slightly dilated, and bearing a small, foldlike, transverse carina on 
ventral side. Valva subrectangular with external margin almost 
vertical, slightly convex; costa sclerotized, simple; sacculus slightly 
thickened at base, then narrow. Aedeagus moderately thick; a single, 
large, strong cornutus, bent slightly distad of middle; distal portion 
of aedeagus tapering and ending acutely, basal portion broader and 
longer. 

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Sinus vaginalis with a narrow lamella ante- 
vaginalis. Antrum and cervical portion of corpus bursae fused 
together and forming a globular body covered cephalically with 
dense thorns; cestum short, almost linear; corpus bursae moderately 
long, broad, cephalically rotundate; signum a moderate platelet with 
a stronger, horseshoe-shaped, rather broad, spinulate emargination. 





No. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—OBRAZTSOV 619 


Typrs.—Holotype of symplacota, ? (genitalia on slide 4427, JFGC), 
_Balzapamba, Bolivar, Ecuador, between November 1893 and Feb- 
uary 1894 (M. de Mathan); BM. Holotype of anemonantha, 9, 
_Marcapata, Peru; DEI. 
| OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Peru: 9, no exact data; DEI. 9 
(genitalia slide 4530, JFGC), ‘‘pseudotype” of anemonantha, Mar- 
capata, 1934 (H.”; Meyrick Collection); BM. 9, same locality, 
4500 ft.; BM. 9, La Merced, Junin, 2000-3000 ft. (Walkins; 6606) ; 
BM. 92, Rio Chanchosmayo (“Chanchamayo”’) (A. M. Moss); BM. 
Bolivia: o (genitalia on slide 6614), Las Yungas, La Paz (16477); 
BM. 4 99, same locality, 1908 (Seebold; 16479-16482); BM. o& 
(genitalia on slide 5—Obr., Feb. 24, 1961), and 9 (genitalia slide 4430, 
JFGC), same locality (ex Rothschild Collection; 16478, 16483); 

USNM. 

Remarks.—The female specimen in the British Museum (Natural 
History), indicated as the type of anemonantha (Clarke, 1958, p. 200), 
is merely a pseudotype which was collected in 1934. The real holo- 
type of anemonantha is deposited in the Deutsches Entomologisches 
Institut, Berlin; it was seen by the present author and compared with 
other examined specimens of this species. 

The species varies in the size and shape of the marginal spots of 
the forewing and in the mode of their confluence among themselves 
and the smaller, contiguous spots. The number and size of the 
discoidal spots are inconstant. On the hindwings of the females 
only the terminal and subterminal spots are present; the males have 
some additional spots and oblique streaks also in the discoidal area. 


Appendix 


The three species below were described as members of the genus 
Pseudatteria or were transferred additionally to it. 


Idolatteria orgias (Meyrick), new combination 


Pseudatteria orgias Meyrick, 1930, Exotie Microlepidoptera, vol. 3, p. 607.— 
Clarke, 1955, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the 
British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 227; 1958, op. 
cit., vol. 3, p. 199, pl. 99, figs. 3-3c. 


Family Tortricidae, subfamily Tortricinae, tribe Archipini. 


Idolatteria xanthocapna (Meyrick), new combination 


Pseudatteria xanthocapna Meyrick, 1930, Exotie Microlepidoptera, vol. 3, p. 
607.—Clarke, 1955, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera 
in the British Museum described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 1, p. 326; 1958, 
op. cit., vol. 3, p. 200, pl. 100, figs. 4—4b. 


Family Tortricidae, subfamily Tortricinae, tribe Archipini. 


620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


Eumimographe lydia (Druce), new combination 


Atteria lydia Druce, 1901, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, p. 440. 
Pseudatteria lydia.—Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. | 
10, p. 16; 1913, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 149, p. 22. 


Family Oecophoridae. 


Literature Cited 
Busck, A. 
1932. Polyortha mollinediella, sp. nov. Bol. Biol., vol. 21 pp. 48-44. 
CuaRKE, J. F. GaTrEs 
1955, 1958. Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the 
British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick, 
vol. 1 (1955), p. 25; vol. 3 (1958), pp. 195-200. 
Meyrick, E. 
1908. New Micro-lepidoptera from India and Burma. Rec. Indian Mus., 
vol. 2, p. 395. 
1910. Revision of Australian Tortrician. Proc. Linnean Soc. New South 
Wales, vol. 35, p. 221. 
1912. Tortricidae. Jn Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 10, p. 16. 
1913. Lepidoptera Heterocera, Fam. Tortricidae. Jn Wytsman, Genera 
insectorum, fase. 149, pp. 20-22, 47-67. 
OsBRaztsov, N.S. 
1954. Die Gattungen der palaearktischen Tortricidae, I: Allgemeine Auf- 
teilung der Familie und die Unterfamilien Tortricinae und Spar- 
ganothinae. Tijdschr. Ent., vol. 97, p. 150. 
1962. Description of a gynandrous specimen of a Pseudatteria species. 
Tijdschr. Ent., vol. 105, pp. 233-237, pl. 7. 
Vavitov, N. I. 
1922. The law of homologous series in variation. Journ. Genetics, vol. 
12, pp. 47-89. 
WALSINGHAM, THOMAS DE GRay, Lorp 
1913, 1914. [Pseudatteria]. In Biologia Centrali-Americana, vol. 42, Lep- 


idoptera Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 214 (1913); pp. 267-271 (1914). 





NO. 3535 MICROLEPIDOPTERA, IX—-OBRAZTSOV 621 





Ficures 1-7.—Pseudatteria volcanica rivularis (Butler) (potamites Walsingham): 1, wing 
venation of female; 2, lateral aspect of head of male. Male genitalia (slide 4412, JFGC; 
Jalapa, Mexico, 4500 ft., 1887; USNM): 3, caudocephalic aspect (left valvae and aedeagus 
removed); 4, aedeagus; 5, ventral aspect of eighth-ninth intersegmental membrane with 
coremata and bases of valvae. Female genitalia: 6, ventral aspect (slide 4408, JFGC; 
Vera Cruz, Mexico; USNM); 7, signum (slide 4413, JFGC; Jalapa, Mexico, 4500 ft., 
1887; USNM). 


OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


PROCEEDINGS 


622 


fo ‘ — 


SS 


SA 
SS 
7 


oe 


LON 


7 











Sn ee a 


i = 
SSS OT 


Ficures 8-12.—Armatures of aedeagi of Pseudatteria species: 8, P. dognini, new species 


’ 


(slide 6615; Peru; BM); 10 


P. cladodes Walsingham 
Meyrick (slide 6611; Canon del Monte Tolima 


’ 


9 


’ 


(holotype); 


P. marmarantha 


P. splendens (Druce) | 


P. volcanica rivularis (Butler) (slide 6616; 


Colombia; BM); 11, 


’ 


> 


BM); 12 
November 1879; 


Sarayacu, Ecuador; 


? 


Guatemala, 2800 ft. 


(slide 6612; 





BM). 


’ 


’ 


> 


a 


Senah 











PROC. 





U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 1 


2, caudo- 


—9 


Ficures 1-7.—Pseudatteria dognini, new species, holotype, male: 1, left wings; 
Allotype, 


cephalic aspect of genitalia with aedeagus removed; 3, lateral aspect of aedeagus. 
female: 4, ventral aspect of genitalia; 5, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of 
bursa copulatrix; 6, signum. Species near P. dognini, female, Loja vicinity, Loja, Ecua- 
dor, 1887 (Dognin Collection, USNM): 7, right wings (image reversed). 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 2 





3 4 


Ficures 1+.—Pseudatteria shafferi, new species, holotype, female: 1, left wings; 2, ventral 
aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix; 
4, signum. 





PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 3 





i 
5 Y 6 


Figures 1-6.—Pseudatteria pseudomaenas, new species, holotype, male: 1, left wings; 
2, caudocephalic aspect of genitalia with aedeagus removed; 3, lateral aspect of aedeagus. 
Allotype, female: 4, left wings; 5, ventral aspect of genitalia; 6, detail of sinus vaginalis 
and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 4 


Seis 





2 


Ficures 1-3.—Pseudatteria maenas Meyrick, holotype, female: 1, left wings; 2, ventral 
aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix 


(from Clarke, 1958). 





PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 5 








3 4 


Ficures 1+4.—Pseudatteria tremewani, new species, holotype, female: 1, left wings; 2, ventral 
aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix; 
4, detail of fundus bursae with signum. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 6 





3 c ey ; 4 


Figures 1-4.—Pseudatteria chrysanthema (Meyrick), lectotype, female: 1, left wings; 
2, ventral aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa 


copulatrix; 4, signum (from Clarke, 1958), 





PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 7 





Figures 1-4.—Pseudatteria chrysanthema (Meyrick), details of sinus vaginalis and caudal 
portion of bursa copulatrix: 1, slide 4436, JFGC (Moyobamba, San Martin, Peru, ‘‘1°T 
Sem.” 1887; M. de Mathan), USNM;; 2, slide, prepared by A. Busck on Mar. 30, 1926 
(El Monje near Loja, Loja, Ecuador, 1893; Dognin), USNM;; 3, slide 8655 (Rio Chan- 
chosmayo, Cuzco, Peru, 1901; Hofmann), BM; 4, slide 636-Obr. (Venezuela), AMNH. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 8 





Figures 1-4.—Pseudatteria analoga, new species, holotype, female: 1, left wings; 2, ventral 
aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix; 
4, signum. 





| 


' 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 9 








Ficures 1-4.—Pseudatteria unciana (Dognin), holotype, female: 1, left wings; 2, ventral 


aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix; 
4, signum. 


PROG. U:S: NAT. MUS: VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 10 





Figures 1-4.—Pseudatteria myriocosma Meyrick, holotype, female: 1, left wings; 2, ventral 
aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix; 
4, signum (from Clarke, 1958). 





ed 


‘ 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 11 





Ficures 1—+4+.—Pseudatteria pantherina (Felder), holotype, female: 1, left wings; 2, ventral 
aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix; 


4, signum. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 12 





2 


Ficures 1-4.—Pseudatteria fumipennis (Dognin), holotype, male: 1, left wings; 2, caudo- 
cephalic aspect of genitalia; 3, lateral aspect of aedeagus; 4, details of aedeagus. 





PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 13 





3 4 


Figures 1-4.—Pseudatteria ardoris, new species, holotype, female: 1, left wings; 2, ventral 
aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix; 4, 
signum. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 14 





Figures 1-6.—Pseudatteria cladodes Walsingham, male, Peru (slide 6615), BM: 1, left 
wings; 2, caudocephalic aspect of genitalia; 3, ventral aspect of aedeagus. Holotype, 
female: 4, left wings; 5, ventral aspect of genitalia; 6, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal 
portion of bursa copulatrix. 





PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 15 





Ficures 1-5.—Pseudatteria leopardina (Butler), males, Volcan de Poas, Costa Rica: 1, left 


wings; 2, caudocephalic aspect of genitalia (slide prepared by A. Busck on Sept. 28, 1920; 
USNM), Rio Cascajal, Costa Rica, May 1919 (slide 8654), BM; 3, left wings; 4. ventral 
aspect of aedeagus; 5, details of aedeagus. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 1 





Ficures 1-5.—Pseudatteria leopardina (Butler), holotype, female: 1, left wings; 2, ventra: 
aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix 
4, signum. Other specimen (Tuis, Costa Rica, 2400 ft.; slide prepared by A. Buse! 
on Mar. 20, 1926; USNM): 5, signum. 


‘ 


'PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PEATE 17 





Ficures 1—5.—Pseudatteria marmarantha Meyrick: male (slide 6611), Canon del Monte 
Tolima, Colombia, 4700 m., BM: 1, left wings; 2, caudocephalic aspect of genitalia; 
3, lateral aspect of aedeagus. Female (slide 4415, JFGC), Las Juntas, Colombia, USNM): 
4, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix; 5, signum. 


PROG: U.S: NAT. MUS. VOE* 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 18 





Figures 1-3.—Pseudatteria marmarantha Meyrick, lectotype, female: 1, left wings; 2 
ventral aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copu- 
latrix (from Clarke, 1958). 








‘ 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 19 





Ficures 1-3.—Pseudatteria splendens (Druce), male (slide 6612), Sarayacu, Ecuador, 
BM: 1, left wings; 2, caudocephalic aspect of genitalia; 3, lateral aspect of aedeagus. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZT SOV—PLATE 20 





Ficures 1-4.—Pseudatteria splendens (Druce), lectotype, female: 1, left wings; 2, ventral 
aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix; 
4, signum. (Figures 2 and 4 published with permission of the trustees of the British 
Museum, Natural History.) 


} 


PROC. U!S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 21 











Figures 14.—Pseudatteria splendens (Druce), holotype of flabellata, female: 1, left wings; 


2, ventral aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis; 4, cestum (from Clarke, 1958). 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 22 | 





: 
\ 
Mw 
\ 
a 
i 





Mall 





2 ‘A 4 


| 

Ficures 1-4.—Pseudatteria volcanica volcanica (Butler), holotype of volcanica Butler, female: 
( } 

1, left wings; 2, ventral aspect of genitalia; 3. detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion’ 

(Figures 2 and 4 published with permission of the trustees) 


of bursa copulatrix; 4, signum. 
of the British Museum, Natural History.) 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 23 


a 


J 


ae Vv 
i 
yy é ; 

¥ 
— 





3 4 


Figures 1+4.—Pseudatteria volcanica volcanica (Butler), holotype of mimica Felder, fem 


ale: 
1, left wings; 2, ventral aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion 


of bursa copulatrix; 4, signum. (Figures 2 and 4 published with permission of the 
trustees of the British Museum, Natural History.) 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 24 








2 





Ficures 1-3.—Pseudatteria volcanica rivularts (Butler), lectotype of potamites Walsingham: 


male: 1, left wings; 2, caudocephalic aspect of genitalia; 3, lateral aspect of aedeagus. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 25 








2 — : 4 


Ficures 1-4.—Pseudatteria 
female: 1, left wings; 2, ventral aspect of genitalia; 
latrix; 4, signum. (Figures 2 and 4 published with permission of the 


volcanica rivularis (Butler), lectotype of rivularis Butler, 
3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal 


portion of bursa copu 
trustees of the British Museum, Natural History.) 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 26 





Ficures 1-4,—Pseudatteria volcanica rivularis (Butler), holotype of geminipuncta Walsing- 
ham, female: 1, left wings; 2, ventral aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and 
caudal portion of bursa copulatrix; 4, signum. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 


Ficures 1-12.—Pseudatteria volcanica rivularis (Butler), variation: 


OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 27 





1, female (slide 4603), 
4500 ft., 1887, BM; 2, female, same locality, USNM;; 3, male (slide 
\pril 1914; 4, female (slide A.B., Mar. 11, 1926), 
Costa Rica, USNM; 6, 7, female, 


Jalapa, Mexico, 
6617), San Andrés Tuxtla, Mexico, # 
Tactic, Guatemala, July, USNM; 5, female, Tuis, 
Purula, Guatemala, USNM; 8, female, Volcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala, June, USNM; 
9, female, Guatemala, USNM;; 10, male, Senaht, Guatemala, 2800 ft., November 1879, 
BM; 11, 12, male (slide 635-Obr.), Matagulpa, Nicaragua, June 28, 1953, AMNH. 


(1-5, 7-11, left wings; 6, 12, right wings, reversed images.) 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 28 





3 


4 


Figures 1-4.—Pseudatteria bradleyi, new species, holotype, female: 1 
reversed); 2, ventral aspect of genitalia; 
bursa copulatrix; 4, signum. 


, Tight wings (image 
3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 29 





Figures 1-4.—Pseudatteria igniflora Meyrick, holotype, female: 1, left wings; 2, ventral 


aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix; 
4, signum (from Clarke, 1958). 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 30 


/ 4 








2 


Ficures 1-3.—Pseudatteria igniflora Meyrick, details of female genitalia, slide M.1030 
(Chapare, Bolivia, 400 m., June 1951), ZSM: 1, sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of 
bursa copulatrix; 2, signum; slide 4532 JFGC (Bolivia), USNM: 3, sinus vaginalis and 


caudal portion of bursa copulatrix. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 31 





3 4 . ee 


Ficures 1+4.—Pseudaiteria dictyanthes Meyrick, holotype, female: 1, left wings; 2, ventral 
aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix; 4, 
signum. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 32 











| 
i 
| 
} 
| 


Ficures 1-3.—Pseudatteria buckleyi (Druce), holotype, male: 1, left wings; 2, caudoceuiaay 
aspect of genitalia; 3, aedeagus. | 
| 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 33 





ot 





scrarraeemrercnamermmnnnr ce 


Ficures 1-4.—Pseudatteria buckleyi (Druce), females: 1, holotype of purpurea Dognin, 
right wings (image reversed), slide 6625 (Chiguinda, Ecuador), BM; 2, ventral aspect 
of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of bursa copulatrix; 4, signum. 


ro, 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 


OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 34 





2 9 


Figures 1-5.—Pseudatteria cantharopa cantharopa (Meyrick), females. slide M.1011 (Yun- 
gas, Bolivia, 1500-2000 m.), ZSM: 1 


, right wings (image reversed); 2, ventral aspect of 
genitalia; 3, 


detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of | 


Dursa copulatrix; 4, signum. 
Holotype, female: 5, left wings (from Clarke, 1958), 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 35 





2 


Ficures 1-4.—Pseudatteria cantharopa pulchra, new subspecies, holotype, male: 1, right 


wings (image reversed); 2, caudocephalic aspect of genitalia; 3, 
(Chachapoyas, Peru, 1889), BM; 4, aedeagus (strongly enlarged). 


aedeagus, slide 6623 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 36 





iy 


Ficures 1-4.—Pseudatteria cantharopa pulchra, new subspecies, allotype, female: 1, left 
wings; 2, ventral aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of 
bursa copulatrix; 4, signum. 





a 


‘ 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 37 








2 


Figures 1-3.—Pseudatteria heliocausta (Dognin), lectotype, male: 1, left wings; 2, caudo- 
cephalic aspect of genitalia; 3, aedeagus. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 38 








Figures 1-4.—Pseudatteria heliocausta (Dognin), lectotype of fornicata, female: 1, left 


| 


wings; 2, ventral aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of 
bursa copulatrix; 4, signum (from Clarke, 1958). 


‘ 


PROG. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 39 





3 


Ficures 1-4.—Pseudatteria heliocausta (Dognin), lectotype of metacapna, female: 1, left 
wings; 2, ventral aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of 
bursa copulatrix; 4, signum (from Clarke, 1958). 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 40 





Figures 1-4.—Pseudatteria heliocausta (Dognin) form baccheutis Meyrick, lectotype, fe- 
male: 1, left wings; 2, ventral aspect of genitalia; 3, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal 





portion of bursa copulatrix; 4, signum (from Clarke, 1958). 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 41 





«Qe FS. 
Ui, Hees, 
es 





“4 “metas fo '*, 
” . i 2Oou LAL” 
ge ye | ae * 
ae =. ry f 
8 As 12 “ag ) >" / 


Ficures 1-12.—Pseudatteria chrysanthema (Meyrick), females: 1, Venezuela, AMNH; 
2, Rio Zongo, Bolivia, 2500 ft., 1930 (slide 67-Obr., 1963), USNM. P. splendens (Druce): 
3, female (slide 66-Obr., 1963), Ecuador, USNM; 4, female, Alcobaca, Brazil, April, 
USNM;; 5, male, Sarayacu, Ecuador, USNM;; 6, female, Alcobaga, Brazil, April, USNM; 
7, same data, BM; 8, same data (slide 8681), BM. P. volcanica volcanica (Butler): 9, 
male (slide 8673), Cananche, Colombia, 1900, BM; 10, female (slide 8674), same data, 
BM. P. heliocausta (Dognin) form baccheutis Meyrick, females: 11, Costa Rica, 1906, 
BM; 12, ‘‘La Caja,” Costa Rica, 1930, DEI. (1, 4-6, 8-12, left wings; 2, 3, 7, right 
wings, reversed images.) 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 42 





Ficures 1-6.—Pseudatteria symplacota Meyrick, male (slide 5-Obr., Feb. 24, 1961), Las 
Yungas, Bolivia, USNM: 1, left wings; 2, caudocephalic aspect of genitalia; 3, aedeagus; 
4, cornutus. Male (slide 6614), same data, BM: 5, left wing. Female (slide 4430, 
JFGC), same data, USNM: 6, left wing. 


' 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 OBRAZTSOV—PLATE 43 





& J 


~ 
.* 
. 


3 7 6 


Ficures 1-7.—Pseudatteria symplacota Meyrick, females, holotype of symplacota: 1, left 
wings; 2, ventral aspect of genitalia; 3, signum. Holotype of anemonantha Meyrick: 4, 


left wing; 5, ventral aspect of genitalia; 6, detail of sinus vaginalis and caudal portion of 
bursa copulatrix; 7, signum (from Clarke, 1958). 





Proceedings of 


the United States 





National Museum 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION +¢ WASHINGTON, D.C. 





Volume 118 1966 Number 3536 





DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS FROM 
ST. HELENA ISLAND, SOUTH ATLANTIC 


By FENNER A. CHACE, JR. 


Senior Scientist, Department of Invertebrate Zoology 


Introduction 


As the site of Napoleon’s last imprisonment and death, St. Helena 
is one of the best known solitary islands in the world, but much of 
its marine fauna has not been accorded the attention that it deserves. 
The island is an isolated volcanic peak 1014 miles long and 6% miles 
wide, situated slightly east of the mid-Atlantic Ridge at latitude 
15°58’ S. and longitude 5°43’ W. The nearest point of exposed land 
is Ascension Island, about 800 miles to the northwest; southern 
Angola, roughly 1,200 miles to the east, is the closest point on the 
coast of West Africa, and Recife, Brazil, approximately 2,000 miles 
to the west-northwest, is the nearest South American shore. That 
St. Helena is reasonably old and has long been isolated is suggested 
by its numerous endemic fishes (Cunningham, 1910, and Cadenat 
and Marchal, 1963), mollusks (E. A. Smith, 1890), and echinoderms 
(Mortensen, 1933). 

Although considerable marine collecting has been done at St. 
Helena by Melliss, Cunningham, Mortensen, Colman, and the Reine- 

623 


624 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 | 


Pokow (see Cadenat and Marchal), none of those collections, except 
the fishes and echinoderms, have been studied extensively. Melliss | 
(1875) recorded the following six decapod crustaceans: Palaemon — 
forceps (?=Brachycarpus biunguiculatus); Palinurus, species ? (= } 
?Panulirus echinatus); Scyllarus latus (=Scyllarides  herklotsii); © 
Pagurus bernhardus (?=Dardanus imperator); Dromia vulgaris (=D. | 
erythropus); and Varuna atlantica (?=Planes cyaneus). 

Miers (1880) added Enoplometopus dentatus (?=E. antillensis) 
and (1881) described the apparently endemic Pagurus imperator 
(=Dardanus imperator). 

Cunningham (1910) brought the list of known decapods to 11 with 
the following additions: Pagurus arrosor (=Dardanus arrosor); 
Grapsus grapsus; and Plagusia depressa. 

A twelfth species, Albunea guerinii (=A. carabus), was cited by 
Stebbing (1914). 

The present study was based on collections of 584 specimens received 
between 1958 and 1964 from Arthur Loveridge, formerly curator of 
herpetology at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Uni- © 
versity, and now a resident of St. Helena. These specimens pre- 
sumably represent all but 3 of the decapods previously known from 
the island plus 11 additional species—3 of them apparently unde- 
scribed. A major part of these collections was made by Mr. | 
Loveridge, at considerable personal discomfort, from a buoy and its 
attached cable anchored in 75 meters off Rupert’s Bay. The oppor- 
tunity to sample this interesting assemblage of organisms was afforded | 
once each year when the buoy was replaced; the cable was renewed 
every other year. The remainder of the collections was made at the 
few narrow breaks in the precipitous cliffs of the island where shore 
collecting is possible, or they were obtained from fishermen and visit- 
ing skindivers. 

The Loveridge collections contain one species not included in the 
following systematic account, a spiny lobster represented by the dried 
skeleton of an abdomen found on the beach at Sandy Bay on Decem- | 
ber 22, 1959. Following my failure to identify these fragments, L. B. 
Holthuis pointed out their obvious similarity to the abdomen of 
Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758). As that species is reasonably 
common on the coast of South Africa, the fragments found at Sandy 
Bay might have been washed ashore from a passing ship, or they 
might have originated in a shipment of frozen lobster tails imported 
to St. Helena from South Africa. There is no reason to believe that 
the species belongs to the local fauna. 

The three species previously recorded from St. Helena but not 
represented in the Loveridge collections have been included in the 
systematic account, in order to make the faunal list as complete as 





NO. 3536 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 625 


possible at this time. As some of the records cited were published 
in reports that are not directly concerned with the fauna of St. Helena, 
however, there is a very real possibility that similar records in other 
_ papers, even of species not mentioned here, have escaped my notice.’ 
The references listed for each species include the original description, 
all St. Helena records that have come to my attention, a good figure, 
and synonyms here proposed for the first time; there has been no 
attempt to indicate all synonyms. 

Most of these collections, including holotypes of the new species, 
have been retained in the national collections. Available duplicate 
specimens, including paratypes, have been deposited in the Museum 
of Comparative Zoology at Harvard and in the British Museum 
(Natural History). 

I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. 
Loveridge for making this material available to me and for enthusi- 
astically fulfilling my several requests for specific collections. Special 
thanks are also due to L. B. Holthuis of the Rijksmuseum van Natu- 
urlijke Historie, Leiden, and to J. Forest of the Muséum National 
d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, who graciously examined material in their 
collections at my request. Among my Smithsonian colleagues, Ray- 
mond B. Manning has been especially helpful in calling my attention 
to St. Helena records in the literature and in reviewing the manu- 
script of this report. 


Family Palaemonidae 


Subfamily Palaemoninae 


Brachycarpus biunguiculatus (Lucas) 


Palaemon biunguiculatus Lucas, 1849, p. 45, pl. 4, fig. 4. 
?Palaemon forceps.—Melliss, 1875, p. 204. 
Brachycarpus biunguiculatus.—Holthuis, 1952a, p. 3, pl. 1. 

Material: Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy; 0-2 meters; Feb. 2, 1959; 1 
female.—James Bay; Sept. 7, 1959; 2 males, 1 ovigerous female.—Off 
Rupert’s Bay; buoy and cable; 0-75 meters; Mar. 18, 1960; 3 males, 
1 ovigerous female.—James Bay; collected by skindiver; April 1964; 
10 females (5 ovigerous). 

Measurements: Carapace lengths of males to posterior orbital 
margin, 4.8-11.2 mm.; of females without eggs, 4.0-7.7 mm.; of 
ovigerous females, 5.0-11.2 mm. 


1 A glaring omission, brought to my attention after completion of this study, is 
that of Pseudozius bouviert (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869). This crab was figured, 
but not identified, by Melliss, 1875, p. 206, pl. 22, fig. 3 (see Monod, 1956, p. 239, 
and Forest and Guinot, 1966, p. 68, for synonymy and distribution). 


626 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Remarks: As noted by Holthuis (1952a, p. 8), the number of fused | 
articles in the inner antennular flagellum varies with growth. In the 
St. Helena material, it increases rather regularly from 5 or 6 at a 
carapace length of 4.0 mm. to 13 at a carapace length of 11.2 mm. 

Distribution: Probably pantropical, littoral and sublittoral. The | 
St. Helena specimens identified by Bate and recorded by Melliss 
(1875) as Palaemon forceps almost certainly belong to this species. — 


Subfamily Pontoniinae 


Pontonia pinnophylax (Otto) 
FicureE 1 

Palaemon pinnophylax Otto, 1821, p. 12. 
Pontonia tyrrhena.—Schmitt, 1926, p. 40, fig. 66. 

Material: James Bay; in Pinna rudis; Feb. 7, 1964; 1 male, 1 
ovigerous female. 

Measurements: Carapace length of male to posterior margin of 
orbit, 11.6 mm.; of ovigerous female, 13.1 mm. 


of 
r 
of) 


Sy oy ee 
\\ N es 
LN EZ 
Ot He 
gl Ll fli 


oe SoC 





(jo 





Ficure 1.—Pontonia pinnophylax, male from James Bay: a, anterior part in dorsal view; 
b, telson; c, dactyl of right third pereiopod. 


Remarks: The rostrum (fig. 1a) of each of these specimens is 
slightly broader and more distinctly cordiform than it is in any of 
the five Mediterranean and West African specimens available for | 
comparison. Also, the dactyls of the last three pereiopods of the 
St. Helena specimens have the distal tooth somewhat more strongly 
curved (fig. 1c). Both of these characters are variable, however, and 
the present specimens probably fall within the limits of variation | 
of P. pinnophylaz. 





i 


NO. 3536 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 627 


Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; West Africa as far south as 


northern Angola; Azores; St. Helena (new record). Commensal in 
bivalve mollusks of the genus Pinna. 


Family Alpheidae 


Alpheus macrocheles (Hailstone) 


FIGuRE 2 


Hippolyte macrocheles Hailstone, 1835, p. 395. 
Alpheus macrocheles.—Holthuis, 1951, p. 69. 


Material: Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy; 0-2 meters; Feb. 11, 1963; 1 
ovigerous female-—James Bay; collected by skindiver; April 1964; 
1 ovigerous female. 

Measurements: Carapace lengths to base of rostrum, 5.1 and 7.2 
mm. 

Remarks: The smaller specimen bears only two or three eggs, 
suggesting that it is a very young adult. In the proportions of the 
antennular peduncle and last three pereiopods and in the length of 
the distal spine on the attenal scale, the larger specimen resembles 
two much larger British specimens of A. macrocheles available for 
comparison more closely than does the smaller one, but the detached 
minor chela associated with the larger St. Helena specimen is much 
slenderer and has a more pronounced dorsal notch than noted in the 
British specimens. Comparison of this appendage with those of 
typical specimens of A. macrocheles of similar size would be desirable. 

Distribution: The recorded range of A. macrocheles extends from 
the south coast of England to the Cape Verde Islands and Guinea, 
including the Mediterranean, usually in depths of from 20 to more 
than 100 meters. The western Atlantic records of this species in 
Rathbun (1901) and Schmitt (1935) are based on fragmentary speci- 
mens and require verification. 


Alpheus paragracilis Coutiére 


Alpheus paragracilis Coutiére, 1897, p. 304; 1905, p. 883, pl. 76, figs. 22-22¢. 
Crangon paragracilis—Banner, 1953, p. 96, fig. 33. 


Material: Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy cable; 0-75 meters; Jan. 17, 
1958; 2 females—Same; Mar. 18, 1960; 1 female with two major 
chelae.—Same; Apr. 5, 1962; 1 male—James Bay; collected by skin- 
diver; April 1964; 1 ovigerous female. 

Measurement: Carapace length of male to base of rostrum, 4.4 
mm.; of females without eggs, 4.3-5.2 mm.; of ovigerous female, 
5.9 mim. 


fi 
{ 


628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





Remarks: Although this species has not been recorded from the 
Atlantic heretofore, no differences could be found between the St. 
Helena specimens and material of A. paragracilis from the Hawaiian 
Islands, with which they were compared. 





Ficure 2.—Alpheus macrocheles: a, anterior part of smaller ovigerous specimen in dorsal 
view; b, same in lateral view; c, right third pereiopod of same specimen; d, minor cheliped 
associated with larger ovigerous female; ¢, left second pereiopod of larger specimen. 


NO. 3536 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 629 


Distribution: Indo-Pacific region from the Red Sea and Madagascar 
to the Hawaiian Islands, littoral and sublittoral; St. Helena (new 
Atlantic record). 


Synalpheus fritzmuelleri Coutiére 


Synalpheus fritzmiilleri Coutiére, 1909, p. 35, fig. 18. 


Material: Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy cable; 0-75 meters; Jan. 17, 
1958; 1 male, 5 females (4 ovigerous).—Same; buoy; 0-2 meters; 
Feb. 2, 1959; 1 male, 2 ovigerous females.—Same; buoy and cable; 
0-75 meters; Mar. 18, 1960; 5 males, 20 females (11 ovigerous), 1 
mutilated specimen.—Same; Apr. 5, 1962; 3 ovigerous females.— 
Same; buoy; 0-2 meters; Feb. 11, 1963; 2 females—James Bay; 
collected by skindiver; April 1964; 1 male, 14 females (11 ovigerous). 

Measurements: Carapace lengths of males to base of rostrum, 3.2- 
6.1 mm.; of females without eggs, 3.4-8.8 mm.,; of ovigerous females, 
4.8-8.8 mm. 

Remarks: The St. Helena material agrees very well with the syntype 
series of S. fritzmuelleri, with which it has been compared. ‘Two or 
three of the specimens are of the “oxyceros”’ form called S. fritzmuelleri 
elongatus by Coutiére (1909), but most of them are of the typical form. 

As in S. senegambiensis (see Holthuis, 1951, p. 93), the males lack 
both an appendix masculina and an appendix interna on the endopod 
of the second pleopod. In some of the specimens identified as females, 
however, the appendix interna is so slender that it is distinguishable 
only with difficulty from the setae fringing the endopod. 

Distribution: St. Helena (new record); western Atlantic from North 
Carolina and Bermuda to Santa Catarina, Brazil; Baja California. 
Littoral to more than 50 meters. The record of this species from 
Greenland waters (Stephensen, 1950) is very questionable. 


Family Palinuridae 
Panulirus echinatus Smith 


Figures 3, 4; Puares 1, 2 
Panulirus echinatus Smith, 1869, p. 20.—Holthuis, 1961, p. 223, fig. la. 
Palinurus species?— Melliss, 1875, p. 204. . 
Panulirus guttatus —Cunningham, 1910, p. 120. 
Palinurus guttatus—Colman, 1946, p. 277. 

Material: James Bay; Jan. 29, 1964; 1 ovigerous female. 

Measurements: Carapace length in midline, 101 mm. 

Remarks: The uninterrupted transverse grooves on all but the 
first abdominal somites of this specimen caused me to believe at first 
that it represented an undescribed, possibly endemic species. ‘The 
subsequent discovery in the national collections of a large male from 


630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


the Cape Verde Islands, with similarly complete abdominal grooves, 
led to correspondence with J. Forest at the Muséum National d’His- 
toire Naturelle in Paris and the disclosure that Cape Verde specimens 
of P. echinatus are variable in this regard. The somewhat larger 
light spots on the abdomen of the St. Helena specimen and the 
broader light stripes on the legs may eventually prove to be of sub- 





Ficure 3.—Panulirus echinatus, frontal region of ovigerous female from James Bay. 


specific significance, but that conclusion must await the study of 
series of P. echinatus from various parts of its range. 

The species is known at St. Helena as the “long-legs,” where it is 
of some local commercial importance, but it is not taken as frequently 
as the “stump” (Scyllarides herklotsti). 

Distribution: Cape Verde Islands; St. Peter and St. Paul Rocks : 
St. Helena; Brazil. Sublittoral. 


Family Scyllaridae 
Scyllarides herklotsii (Herklots) 


FIGURE 5 


Scyllarus Herklotsii Herklots, 1851, p. 14, pl. 2, figs. 14, 15. 

Scyllarus latus—Melliss, 1875, p. 203.—Cunningham, 1910, p. 119.—Colman, 
1946, pp. 275, 277. 

?Scyllarides elisabethae.—Stebbing, 1914, pp. 255, 282. 

Scyllarides herklotsi—Holthuis, 1952b, p- 28, fig. 6. 


Material: Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy; 0-2 meters; Feb. 2, 1959; 1 
postlarva (pseudibacus stage).—James Bay; fish market; December 











NO. 3536 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 631 





Ficure 4.—Panulirus echinatus, first three abdominal somites of ovigerous female from 
James Bay: a, dorsal view; ), lateral view. 


632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


1960; 1 dried female—James Bay, Jamestown Jetty; Feb. 1, 1962; 
2 dried males. 

Measurements: Carapace lengths of males to midpoint of imaginary 
line joining inner orbital angles, 77 and 94 mm.; of female, 100 mm.; 
of postlarva, 15 mm. 

Remarks: This species, known on St. Helena as the “stump,” 
supports a local fishery (see Cunningham and Colman references). 

There has been no opportunity to compare these specimens with 
West African material, but they differ from the Mediterranean Scyl- 
larides latus in the characters noted by Holthuis (1952b). Stebbing’s 
record of S. elisabethae from “Off St. Helena harbour, between 45 and 
55 fathoms; June 2, 1904” is puzzling. It seems unlikely that a 
person of Stebbing’s ability and experience would confuse S. herklotsii 
(which has subrectangular anterolateral angles and a shallow notch 
in the lateral margin of the carapace) with the South African species 
(which apparently has acute and outstanding anterolateral angles and 
correspondingly pronounced indentations behind them). I considered 
the chance that “St. Helena harbour” might refer to Saint Helena 
Bay, South Africa, but the fact that the date corresponds with that of 
collections of Albunea and Grapsus from James Bay, St. Helena Island, 
seems to rule out that possibility. 

Although it has been well established that the species assigned to 
the genus Pseudibacus are postlarvae of Scyllarides (see Bouvier, 
1917, p. 101), these stages are not yet well known, and their identity 
with the respective adult forms remains to be verified in most cases. 
I have therefore illustrated the pseudibacus stage (fig. 5) found on 
the buoy off Rupert’s Bay. This specimen was evidently about to 
metamorphose when collected. It agrees with the rather brief de- 
scription of the Mediterranean Pseudibacus veranyi Guérin-M éneville, 
1855 (which is almost certainly the postlarva of Scyllarides latus), but 
there is little similarity between the St. Helena example and Guérin- 
Méneville’s obviously inaccurate figure. Both Pseudibacus gerst- 
aeckert Pfeffer, 1881, from the western South Atlantic [which Bouvier 
tentatively assigned to Scyllarides aequinoctialis (Lund)], and P. 
pfeffert Miers, 1882, from Mauritius [which may be the postlarva of 
S. squamosus (H. Milne Edwards)], seem to differ from the St. Helena 
specimen in having a distinct median carina on the carapace. In the 
postlarva figured by Barnard (1950, p. 559, figs. 104¢—k), the antero- 
lateral angles are more outstanding, as might be expected of S. elis- 
abethae. Probably direct comparison of the pseudibacus stages of S. 
latus and S. herklotsit will be necessary to determine whether there 
is postlarval evidence to support the belief that the two forms are 
specifically distinct. 








DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 633 


NO. 3536 





| 


’s Bay buoy: a, dorsal 


pseudibacus stage from Rupert 


Ficure 5.—Scyllarides herklotsit, 


b, lateral view. 


view; 


634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


Distribution: S. herklotsii has been recorded previously from only 
three specimens, two from Ghana and one from the Congo. Pre- 
sumably, however, the St. Helena material referred to S. latus by 
Melliss, Cunningham, and Colman belongs to this species. It appar- 
ently occurs in depths of 25 to 70 meters. 

Family Nephropidae 
Enoplometopus antillensis Liitken 
Enoplometopus antillensis Liitken, 1865, p. 265.—Holthuis, 1946, p. 79, pl. 5, 
figs. b, d, e, g, h, j, k, 1; pl. 6, figs. a-e; pl. 7, figs. a, b. 
Enoplometopus dentatus Miers, 1880, p. 381, pl. 15, fig. 7. 

Material: None. 

Remarks: Enoplometopus dentatus was described from a mutilated, 
poorly preserved specimen collected at St. Helena by J. C. Melliss. 
Holthuis (1946) suggested, with considerable justification but without 
reexamination of Miers’ type-specimen, that E. dentatus is a synonym 
of E. antillensis, a species described from a West Indian specimen and 
subsequently discovered in the Indonesian region. 

Distribution: West Indies; Banda Island, Moluccas; St. Helena. 
Probably sublittoral. 


Family Paguridae 
Subfamily Dardaninae 


Dardanus arrosor (Herbst) 


Cancer arrosor Herbst, 1796, p. 170, pl. 43, fig. 1. 
Pagurus arrosor.—Cunningham, 1910, p. 121. 
Dardanus arrosor.—Forest, 1955, p. 90, fig. 19. 

Material: None. 

Remarks: Although there is no reason to doubt Calman’s identifica- 
tion of the specimens collected and reported by Cunningham (1910), 
that material should eventually be reexamined in the light of know]l- 
edge about this and related species that has accumulated since that 
date. 

Distribution: Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean, Red Sea, Philip- 
pines, Japan, and New Zealand, in depths of 20 to 300 meters. 


Dardanus imperator (Miers) 


?Pagurus bernhardus.—Melliss, 1875, p. 203. 
Pagurus imperator Miers, 1881, p. 275.—Cunningham, 1910, p. 120; fig. 6: 
Dardanus imperator.—Forest, 1955, p. 90. 


Material: James Bay, West Rocks; Dec. 21, 1959; 1 juvenile. 
Measurements: Total length of carapace in midline, 4.8 mm.; 
length of anterior portion of carapace, 2.6 mm. 








NO. 3536 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 635 


Remarks: This immature specimen differs from Miers’ description 
of D. imperator in a few characters. The frontal margin is deeply 
sinuous, rather than ‘‘nearly straight,” and it is armed with a slender 
spine directed anterolaterally just lateral to the base of each eye- 
stalk. The ocular scales each terminate in two divergent spines (the 
outer one slightly stouter than the inner) rather than being ‘“dentic- 
ulated on their outer margins.’’ Also, there are no calcareous plates 
on the anterior abdominal somites. These differences may be merely 
characteristic of subadult individuals. 

Distribution: Known only from St. Helena, to a depth of at least 
25 meters. 


Family Albuneidae 


Albunea carabus (Linnaeus) 


Cancer Carabus Linnaeus, 1758, p. 632. 
Albunea guerinii.—Stebbing, 1914, pp. 255, 281. 
Albunea carabus.—Monod, 1956, p. 40, figs. 10-14. 


Material: None. 

Remarks: There is nothing in Stebbing’s remarks about the speci- 
men collected by the Scotia at ‘James Bay, St. Helena, June 2, 1904; 
Station 499” to suggest that it is other than A. carabus, but reexamina- 
tion of the specimen would be desirable because of the information 
that has been gained about the species of Albwnea during the past 
50 years. 

Distribution: Mediterranean; West Africa as far south as Ghana; 
St. Helena. Sublittoral. 


Family Dromiidae 
Dromia erythropus (George Edwards) 


FIGURE 6 


Cancer erythropus George Edwards, 1771. 

Dromia lator H. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 174. 

Dromia vulgaris.—Melliss, 1875, p. 203.—Cunningham, 1910, p. 122. 
Dromia erythropus.—Rathbun, 1937, p. 31, fig. 11, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2. 
Dromia species?-—Colman, 1946, p. 277. 


Material: Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy and cable; 0-75 meters; Mar. 18, 
1960; 1 young female——Off Jamestown; collected by fisherman; 1 
dried male, 1 dried female—James Bay; collected by skindiver; Feb- 
ruary 1964; 1 male, 1 female. 

Measurements: Carapace lengths of males in midline, 62.8 and 67.1; 
of females, 14.6-57.2 mm. 





636 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Remarks: The four adult specimens agree with western Atlantic. 
material with which they have been compared and disagree with 
specimens of D. personata (Linnaeus, 1758) [=D. vulgaris H. Milne 
Edwards, 1837, see Holthuis and Gottlieb, 1958, p. 78] in the more 
evenly convex carapace and the more prominent suborbital tooth 
mentioned by Milne Edwards. The two adult males and one of the 
adult females differ from all western Atlantic adults at my disposal, 
however, in having the third anterolateral tooth (not counting the 


Ficure 6.—Dromia erythropus, outline of 
denuded carapace of male from off James- 
town. 


orbital angle) placed so close to the second tooth as to form almost a 
single bifid tooth (compare fig. 6 with Rathbun 1937, fig. 11). Evalua- 
tion of the systematic importance of this character must await the 
examination of additional specimens. The immature specimen lacks — 
the third anterolateral tooth entirely, but it differs little in this respect 
from western Atlantic specimens of D. erythropus of comparable size. - 

Distribution: Florida to Brazil; Bermuda; St. Helena. Sublittoral 
to 360 meters. 


Family Calappidae 
Subfamily Calappinae 


Calappa gallus (Herbst) 


Cancer gallus Herbst, 1803, pp. 18, 46, pl. 58, fig. 1. 
Calappa gallus—Monod, 1956, p. 100, figs. 115, 116. 
Material: No exact locality; November 1963; 1 female. 
Measurements: Carapace length in midline, 49.2 mm. 
Distribution: Western Atlantic from Florida to Brazil; Bermuda; 
St. Helena (new record); eastern Atlantic from Senegal to Angola; 
Indo-Pacific region from East Africa (Red Sea to Port Shepstone, 
South Africa) to Hawaii. Sublittoral to 218 meters. 


NO. 3536 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 637 


Family Xanthidae 
Actaea margaritaria A. Milne-Edwards 


Actaea margaritaria A. Milne-Edwards, 1867, p. 41, pl. 21 bis, figs. 3-6.—Odhner, 
1925, p. 47, pl. 3, fig. 8. 
Actaea (Actaea) margaritartia.—Monod, 1956, p. 294, figs. 357-360. 


Material: Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy; 0-2 meters; Feb. 2, 1959; 1 
male, 1 female——Same; buoy and cable; 0-75 meters; Mar. 18, 1960; 
1 male, 4 females—Same; Apr. 5, 1962; 1 female.—Same; buoy; 0-2 
meters; Feb. 11, 1963; 3 females.—James Bay; collected by skin- 
diver; April 1964; 2 males, 2 females (1 ovigerous). 

Measurements: Carapace lengths of males, 3.1—-5.3 mm. ; of females 
without eggs, 3.2-7.3 mm.; of ovigerous female, 8.7 mm. 

Remarks: The smallest male and six of the eleven females (with 
carapaces less than 5 mm. long) are evidently immature. 

The male gonopods of this species resemble those of A. ruppellit 
(Krauss, 1843) from South Africa and the Indo-Pacific region, but I 
cannot accept Odhner’s suggestion that A. margaritaria may be only 
subspecifically distinct from that species. Not only does A. ruppellit 
attain a much greater size than has been recorded for A. margaritaria, 
but it is a much hairier crab, and the dark color of the fixed finger 
extends over somewhat less of the surface of the male chela than it 
does in the Atlantic species. 

Distribution: Off West Africa from the Cape Verde Islands to 
Annobon; St. Helena (new record). Sublittoral to 100 meters. 


Micropanope melanodactylus (A. Milne-Edwards) 


FiqaureE 7 


Xanthodes melanodactylus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867, p. 39, pl. 21 bis, figs. 1, 2. 
Micropanope polita Rathbun, 1893, p. 238.—Garth, 1946, p. 459, pl. 77, fig. 4. 
Panopeus tanneri Faxon, 1893, p. 154. 

Micropanope melanodactyla.—Monod, 1956, p. 320, figs. 401-405. 


Material: Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy cable; 0-75 meters; Apr. 5, 1962; 
1 male.—Same; buoy; 0-2 meters; Feb. 11, 1963; 2 males. 

Measurements: All three specimens have carapace lengths of 4.0 
mm. 
Remarks: Comparison of homeotypes of Xanthodes melanodactylus 
from the Cape Verde Islands with syntypes of Micropanope polita 
Rathbun from the eastern Pacific off Baja California and a syntype of 
Panopeus tanneri Faxon from near Cocos Island has disclosed no 
apparently significant differences in the form of the gonopods (fig. 7) 
or in any other characters that cannot be referred to normal variation 
in this variable species. Garth (1946, p. 462) noted that the 800 


638 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


specimens examined by him from the Galapagos Islands exhibited 
“almost infinite variation.” This variability is especially discon- 
certing in the form of the merus of the outer maxillipeds; that segment 
may be either subquadrate or markedly produced at the distolateral 
angle in specimens from the same general area. On the other hand, 
the prolongation of the posterolateral angles of the penultimate 
abdominal somite of the male and the form of the gonopods seem to 





ey sy i 
oe 3 sv 
uy 3 
Te b eZ a 
Ficure 7.—Micropanope melanodactylus, laterocephalic aspects of right gonopods: a, 
homoeotype with carapace length of 6.1 mm. from roadstead of Porto Grande, St. Vincent; 


b, syntype of Micropanope polita with carapace length of 5.3 mm.; c, syntype of Panopeus 
tanneri with carapace length of 6.0 mm. 


ane 
Gh tSces 
? 





be reliable diagnostic characters. Intensive study of material from 
the eastern Atlantic and the eastern Pacific may eventually disclose 
differences of subspecific importance, but it seems best for the present 
to consider the two populations identical. 

It is remarkable that this species, which is abundant in the eastern 
Atlantic and the eastern Pacific, is apparently absent from the western 
Atlantic. None of the species described from eastern America have 
gonopods that could be confused with those of M. melanodactylus. 
M. truncatifrons Rathbun, 1898, which is known from only two fe- 
males and one juvenile from off Cuba and off Yucatan, bears a 
superficial resemblance to M. melanodactylus, but I believe that it is a 
distinct species; in both adult females, the front is straighter, the 
outer surfaces of the palms are more completely granular, and the 
color on the fingers is less extensive than in any specimens of MM, 
melanodactylus examined. 

I agree with Monod (1956, p. 324) that M. melanodactylus is prob- 
ably not a synonym of Xantho minor Dana, 1852b. Unfortunately, 
the type-specimen of Dana’s species is probably no longer extant, and 
his name is therefore likely to remain a nomen dubium indefinitely. 





NO. 3636 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 639 


Distribution: West Africa (Gambia to Angola); Cape Verde Is- 
lands; St. Helena (new record); Baja California, Mexico (Bahia 
Magdalena and Cabo de San Lucas); Cocos Island; Galapagos Is- 
lands. Sublittoral to 225 meters. 


Micropanope rufopunctata (A. Milne-Edwards) 
FIGURE 8 


Xanthodes refopunctatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1869, p. 409. 

Pilumnus granulimanus Stimpson, 1871, p. 148. 

Micropanope granulimanus.—Rathbun, 1930, p. 439, pl. 180, figs. 1, 2. 
—Chace, 1956, p. 156. 

Micropanope rufopunctata—Monod, 1956, p. 318, figs. 386-392. 


Material: Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy cable; 0-75 meters; Jan. 17, 
1958; 3 males, 1 ovigerous female.—Same; buoy: 0-2 meters; Feb. 2, 
1959; 1 male, 1 young female.—Same; noon and cable; 0-75 meters; 
Mar. 18, 1960; 12 males, 10 females. ema: Apr. 5, 1962; 2 nies 
5 females (1 een) Same; buoy; 0-2 ee Feb. 1, 1963; 1 
young female.—James Bay; Palleeted by skindiver; ian 1964; 8 
males, 6 females (2 ovigerous). 





agee NG. 
Ficure 8.—Micropanope rufopunctata, cephalic aspects of right gonopods: a, specimen 
with carapace length of 5.8 mm. from Rupert’s Bay buoy and cable; b, specimen with 


carapace length of 5.4 mm. from Caracas Bay, Curacao; c, syntype of Xanthodes granosus 
with carapace length of 6.3 mm. from La Praya, Cape Verde Islands. 


Measurements: Carapace lengths of males 2.5-5.8 mm.; of females 
without eggs, 2.8-7.0 mm.; of ovigerous females, 4.0-6.2 mm. 
Remarks: There is little doubt that the specimens from the Ba- 
hamas and Curagao that were identified by Rathbun (1930) as Micro- 
panope granulimanus (Stimpson) belong to this species (compare 
figure 8b of the gonopod of a Curacao specimen with figure 392 in 
219-934—66-—3 


640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Monod, 1956, of a probably syntype of Xanthodes rufopunctatus from 
the Cape Verde Islands). Also, Monod is probably correct in syn- 
onymizing Xanthodes granosus A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, 1898, 
with this species. Monod noted that there were five subapical hooked 
spines on the gonopod of the syntype of X. granosus examined by him, 
whereas he found only four in what he believed to be type-material of 
X. rufopunctatus. The syntype of X. granosus in the collections of the 
U.S. National Museum, however, has only four hooked spines (fig. 
8c), whereas the gonopod of the Curagao specimen (fig. 85), which 
otherwise closely resembles Monod’s figure of the syntype of X. rufo- 
punctatus, has five such spines. 

Distribution: Eastern Mediterranean (Alexandria) ; Ghana; Azores; 
Canary Island; Cape Verde Islands; St. Helena (new record); Ba- 
hamas; Cuba; Curagao; Islas Los Roques. Sublittoral to at least 
30 meters. 


Family Grapsidae 
Subfamily Grapsinae 


Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus) 


Cancer grapsus Linnaeus, 1758, p. 630. 

Grapsus grapsus.—Cunningham, 1910, p. 122——Monod, 1956, p. 407, fig. 561. 
Grapsus maculatus.—Stebbing, 1914, pp. 254, 265. 

Grapsus.—Colman, 1946, p. 271. 

Material: James Bay; West Rocks; Sept. 6, 1958; fragments of cast 
shell of 1 male-—Rupert’s Bay; Sept. 8, 1958; fragments of cast shell of 
1 young male.—James Bay, West Rocks; Dec. 21, 1959; 1 young soft- 
shelled male (prey of sea anemone), cast shell of 1 young male — 
Sandy Bay; rocks; Dec. 22, 1959; cast shell of 1 young female.—James 
Bay; Apr. 6, 1962; 1 dried male—James Bay; from pool at West 
Rocks; June 10, 1963; 1 ovigerous female-—James Bay, West Rocks; 
June 14, 1963; 1 juvenile. 

Measurements: Carapace lengths of males, about 15-54 mm.; of 
young female, 19.3 mm.; of ovigerous female, 40+ mm.; of juvenile, 
about 12 mm. 

Distribution: Tropical and subtropical shores of the eastern and 
western Atlantic and the eastern Pacific. On rocks at and above tide 
level. A closely related species, G. tenwicrustatus (Herbst, 1783), 
inhabits the Indo-Pacific region. 


Pachygrapsus loveridgei, new species 
Figures 9, 10 


Material: Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy cable; 0-75 meters; Jan. 17, 
1958; 5 males, 8 females (5 ovigerous), 1 intersex.—Same; buoy; 0-2 





‘ 


NO. 3536 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 641 


meters; Feb. 2, 1959; 10 males, 12 females (7 ovigerous).—Same; 
buoy and cable; 0-75 meters; Mar. 18, 1960; 31 males, 38 females 
(16 ovigerous), 2 juveniles [1 male is holotype, USNM 112457].— 
Same; Apr. 5, 1962; 23 males, 16 females (2 ovigerous), 2 juveniles.— 
Same; buoy; 0-2 meters; Feb. 11, 1963; 28 males, 35 females (18 
ovigerous).—James Bay; collected by skindiver; February 1964; 
1 female—Same; April 1964; 6 males, 12 females (2 ovigerous). 
Description: Carapace from one-fifth to one-third broader than 
long at all sizes. Surface evenly convex and covered with transverse 
striae, those on gastric and hepatic regions granulate and crowded, 
those on cardiac and intestinal regions fainter and sparser. Lateral 
margins slightly arched, strongly convergent posteriorly, and armed 
with an outstanding, acute tooth posterior to similar, but larger, 





SS 


Ficure 9.—Pachygrapsus loveridgei, male holotype. 


outer orbital tooth. Median postfrontal lobes distinct and transverse, 
outer pair less prominent and slanting obliquely toward outer angle 
of front. Front slightly more than half as wide as carapace, anterior 
margin sinuous and granulate, faintly convex on both sides between 
shallow median and lateral sinuses, lateral margins converging anteri- 
orly, surface with prominent eranulate ridge behind each lobe and 
shorter, fainter striae elsewhere. Orbits oblique, about two-fifths as 
wide as front, lower border distinctly denticulate and separated by 
narrow notch from outer orbital tooth. 

Chelipeds equal, merus and carpus transversely striated. Inner 
lobe of merus denticulate, with large and small notch at distal end 
forming three teeth. Carpal tooth blunt. Chelae robust; upper 
margin of palm with several oblique striae bearing a few small, pearly 


642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 





Ficure 10.—Pachygrapsus loveridget, male holotype: a, suborbital and buccal regions; 
b, outer surface of right chela; c, abdomen; d, left gonopod, caudal aspect; ¢, same, ce- 
phalic aspect. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 CHACE—PLATE 1 


iT 
A 


2 


«, 
. 
* . 
* 
bl 
* 
#, 
a 
, 


PO 
a 





Panulirus echinatus, dorsal view of ovigerous female from James Bay. 


CHACE—PLATE 2 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 





NO. 3536 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 643 


tubercles, but without continuous marginal line dividing outer and 
inner faces; distinct longitudinal line running nearly entire length of 
outer surface of propodus near lower margin; palm about one and one- 
half times as high as length of superior surface; movable finger longer 
than height of palm; fingers narrowly gaping, except where interrupted 
by large, triangular tooth near middle of fixed finger; inner surface of 
palm very faintly rugose, with stronger striae near upper and lower 
margins. Merus of walking legs with small, subdistal spine on 
dorsal margin and with two or three triangular teeth at distal end of 
posterior margin; plumose setae covering much of anterior surfaces of 
carpus and propodus of first leg, becoming progressively sparser on 
second and third legs, and absent from last leg; second and third legs 
subequal, one and three-fourths times as long as carapace; first and 
fourth pairs subequal, shorter. 

Terminal somite of male abdomen broadly triangular, with faintly 
sinuous margins (somewhat foreshortened in figure); margins of 
penultimate somite diverging slightly before converging strongly to 
distal margin. Broadly sickle-shaped end pieces of gonopods showing 
faintly through appressed abdomen. 

Color: In ethyl alcohol, carapace mottled grayish brown, with all 
transverse striae dark brown; chelipeds dark reddish brown dorsally, 
fading to light tan on outer surface of palm and to nearly white near 
tips of fingers; walking legs mottled with brown, gray, and tan, 
proximal and distal ends of propodus and proximal end of dactyl 
nearly white, giving banded appearance to legs; conspicuous whitish 
patches on both sides of dactyl of chelipeds and walking legs, near tips 
of fingers of chelipeds, on lower surface of eyestalks, and at both 
ends of epistome at junction with inner end of lower margin of orbit. 

Measurements: Carapace of male holotype, 10.3 mm. long, 13.1 
mm. wide. Carapace lengths of male paratypes, 3.7-12.0 mm.; of 
females without eggs, 3.1-10.7 mm.; of ovigerous females, 3.2-12.4 
mm. 

Remarks: The general appearance of this crab, including the sinuous 
front and the plumose setae on the anterior surfaces of the first walk- 
ing legs (noted by Holthuis, 1959, p. 240), is very similar to that of 
Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850). Comparison of St. Helena 
material with specimens of P. transversus from the eastern and western 
Atlantic and the eastern Pacific shows that P. loveridger differs in 
having the dorsal surface of the carapace inflated and evenly convex, 
rather than flattened or depressed on the cardiac region; in having 
the transverse striae on the anterior half of the carapace more numer- 
ous and crowded; in lacking the longitudinal crenulate line that 
extends over the entire length of the upper surface of the palm in P. 
transversus; and in having the chitinous terminal portion of the 


644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


gonopods broadly sickle shaped, rather than obliquely T-shaped 
(see fig. 11h). 

The genus Pachygrapsus is in need of intensive study and possible 
revision. As a contribution toward such a review, illustrations are 
offered in figure 11 of the gonopods of the described species in the 
national collections. Whenever possible, topotypic males have been 
selected. ‘This study has demonstrated the importance of the gono- 
pods at the species level in this genus. It has confirmed that Sesarma 
murrayt Calman, 1909, is identical with Pachygrapsus minutus <A. 
Milne-Edwards, 1873 (see Schmitt, 1939, p. 22) and that P. longipes 
Rathbun, 1893, is a synonym of P. planifrons De Man, 1888 (see 
Hdmondson, 1959, p. 175); the latter species seems to attain a some- 
what larger size in Hawaiian waters than it does in Indonesia, but 
the gonopods are identical. How important the gonopods are at the 
generic level remains to be demonstrated. Those examined fall into 
two categories. One group [P. crassipes Randall, 1839; P. gracilis 
(De Saussure, 1858); P. marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787); P. maurus 
(Lucas, 1849); and P. minutus] has a dense brush of stout, amber 
setae which completely conceals the tip of the appendage. The other 
group [P. loveridget; P. planifrons; P. plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 
1837); and P. transversus] bears more slender, longer setae which do 
not cover the chitious end-piece. Attempts to relate these differ- 
ences to other morphological characters have not been entirely suc- 
cessful. A cursory examination of the species available to me, how- 
ever, shows a possible correlation between the two groups of species 
and the presence or absence of the conspicuous, but delicate, brush 
of plumose setae on the anterior surface of the first pair of walking 
legs. Such a brush was found in P. loveridgei, P. minutus, P. plicatus, 
and P. transversus. Although P. minutus is placed in the first group 
of species above (which otherwise lack plumose setae on the first 
walking legs), it might be assigned to either group; the endpiece of 
the gonopod is hidden by a few stout setae, but it does not project 
at an angle to the axis of the appendage as it does in the other species 
of that group. Also, the brush of setae was not observed in any of 
the available specimens of P. planifrons, a species that seems to 
belong to the second group on the basis of its gonopod. These setae 
are frequently lost in museum specimens, however; it would be im- 
portant to know if they are present in fresh material of this species. 
A detailed study of the gonopods of all species of the family Grapsidae 
might yield worthwhile information on generic relationships. 

Distribution: P. loveridgei is known only from St. Helena. It will 
be noticed that 85 of the 211 specimens were found on the buoy 
alone and were therefore living at or near the surface; it is not known 








NO. 3536 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 


Ficure 11.—Lateral (left) and caudal (right) aspects of gonopods of Pachygrapsus (a-e 
denuded): a, P. crassipes, Monterey Bay, Calif., carapace length 35.6 mm.; b, P. gracilis, 
St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, carapace length 8.7 mm.; c, P. marmoratus, Gibraltar, cara- 
pace length 30.5 mm.; d, P. maurus, Canary Islands, carapace length 8.5 mm.; e, P. 
minutus, Ponape, Caroline Islands, carapace length 8.2 mm.; f, P. planifrons, Honolulu, 
Hawaii, carapace length 9.5 mm.; g, P. plicatus, Hawaii, carapace length 11.7 mm.; 
h, P. transversus, Key West, Fla., carapace length 11.1 mm. 


646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


whether any of those from the cable anchored in 75 meters were 
clinging to it far below the surface. 


Planes cyaneus Dana 


Planes cyaneus Dana, 1852a, p. 250.—Chace, 1951, pp. 65-1038, figs. lb, 2b, e, h, 
m-o, 3i-n. 
?Varuna atlantica Melliss, 1875, p. 208. 


Material: Off northeast coast of St. Helena; from drifting kelp; 
Nov. 25, 1960; 1 female——Sandy Bay; from kelp on beach; Dec. 29, 
1962; 1 young female.—Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy; 0-2 meters; Feb. 11, 
1963; 3 males, 5 females (4 ovigerous).—James Bay; collected by 
skindiver; February 1964; 1 female. 

Measurements: Carapace lengths of males, 14.0-22.7 mm.; of 
females without eggs, 6.9-26.0 mm.; of ovigerous females, 14.2- 
16.9 mm. 

Remarks: Three or four of the specimens found on the buoy off 
Rupert’s Bay were blue in life (white in alcohol). The others were 
mottled light to dark brown in alcohol, and three of them had a large, 
whitish patch extending over much of the anterior part of the carapace, 
similar to the color pattern illustrated for Planes minutus (Linnaeus, 
1758) in Murray and Hjort (1912, pl. 6) and Sivertsen and Holthuis 
(1956, pl. 2): 

The “pretty little bright-blue Crab” from the hull of a ship, which 
Melliss (1875) recorded as Varuna atlantica (a name apparently 
coined by Spence Bate), may represent the first Atlantic record of 
P. cyaneus. The fact that the species was represented in the Love- 
ridge collection by material taken in 4 different years indicates that 
its occurrence in the South Atlantic is more than transitory. 

Distribution: On floating objects in the open sea throughout the 
eastern Pacific and presumably westward into the Indian Ocean; St. 
Helena. Probably some or all of the South African records of P. 
minutus cited by Barnard (1950, p. 120) should be referred to this 
species. 


Planes marinus Rathbun 


Planes marinus Rathbun, 1914, p. 120, pl. 3. 

Pachygrapsus marinus.—Chace, 1951, pp. 65-103, figs, 1c, 2c, f, i, p-r, 30-t.— 
Hart, 1959, p. C 31.—Edmondson, 1959, p. 169, fig. 8b.— Dell, 1963, pp. 179, 
180, fig. 1. 

Material: Off northeast coast of St. Helena; from drifting kelp; 
Nov. 25, 1960; 1 male, 2 young females.—Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy; 
0-2 meters; Feb. 11, 1963; 2 ovigerous females. 

Measurements: Carapace length of male, 9.1 mm.; of young females, 
4.9 and 5.4 mm.; of ovigerous females, 13.4 and 15.1 mm. 


NO. 3536 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 647 


Remarks: Dell (1963) noted that this species has natatory fringes 
on the walking legs, just as do the other two species of Planes. 'The 
specimens that were available for my earlier study (Chace, 1951) were 
so worn that this fringe was reduced to stiff bristles at most. All of 
the St. Helena specimens have well-developed natatory fringes. On 
the basis of this character and the form of the gonopods, it seems best 
to return the species to the genus to which it was originally assigned 
by Rathbun and to minimize the importance of the shape of the cara- 
pace and chelipeds, which led me to transfer it to Pachygrapsus. 

Distribution: At sea, west of Baja California, Mexico; coast of 
Oregon (from Japanese mine washed ashore); at sea, southwest of 
Vancouver Island, British Columbia (from netting and barnacles on 
large Japanese glass float) ; windward shores of Oahu, Hawaii; Eastern 
Bay of Plenty, New Zealand (among stalked barnacles on Japanese 
glass float) ; St. Helena (first Atlantic record). This species is probably 
more common on floating objects than the rather sparse records would 
indicate. 

Subfamily Plagusiinae 
Plagusia depressa (Fabricius) 
Cancer depressus Fabricius, 1775, p. 406. 
Plagusia depressa.—Cunningham, 1910, p. 122.—Monod, 1956, p. 455, figs. 
614-617. 
Plagusia.—Colman, 1946, p. 271. 

Material: Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy cable; 0-75 meters; Jan. 17, 1958; 
1 female.—Same; buoy; 0-2 meters; Feb. 2, 1959; 17 males, 16 females 
(3 ovigerous), 2 juveniles.—James Bay, West Rocks; Dec. 21, 1959; 
fragments of cast shell of 1 male.—Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy and cable; 
0-75 meters; Mar. 18, 1960; 34 males, 20 females (1 ovigerous), 10 
juveniles—Same; Apr. 5, 1962; 1 male.—Same; buoy; 0-2 meters; 
Feb. 11, 1963; 9 males, 11 females (5 ovigerous), 1 fragmentary speci- 
men.—James Bay; collected by skindiver; February 1964; 4 juve- 
niles.—Same; April 1964; 11 males, 12 females (2 ovigerous). 

Measurements: Carapace lengths of males in midline, 9.2—-41.5 
mm.; of females without eggs, 9.0-23.6 mm.; of ovigerous females, 
19.1-33.3 mm.; of juveniles, 5.7—9.2 mm. 

Remarks: Most of the St. Helena specimens are immature, with 
carapace lengths of less than 20 mm. (at about which size the female 
abdomen attains its full breadth). The largest specimen, except for 
the cast shell from James Bay, is a male with a carapace length of 
35.2mm. Nearly half (57 of 122) of the specimens from the buoy and 
cable off Rupert’s Bay have carapaces less than 14 mm. long 
(with triangular female abdomens), but only 12 of these were so 
small (carapace lengths of less than about 9 mm.) as to be sexually 
indeterminable. 


648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Comparison of the male gonopods of the species of Plagusia in the 
national collections [P. chabrus (Linnaeus, 1758); P. dentipes (De 
Haan, 1835); P. depressa; P. glabra Dana, 1852b; P. immaculata 
Lamarck, 1818; P. speciosa Dana, 1852a; and P. tuberculata Lamarck, 
1818] indicated that P. depressa, P. immaculata, and P. tuberculata 
are most closely related to each other (although they are probably 
specifically distinct) than they are to the other four species. 

Distribution: West Africa and off-lying islands from Senegal to 
Angola; western Atlantic from South Carolina to Brazil; Bermudas; 
St. Helena. Littoral and on ships’ hulls and other floating objects. 


Family Majidae 
Subfamily Acanthonychinae 
Acanthonyx sanctaehelenae, new species 
FicureEs 12, 13e-h 


Material: Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy; 0-2 meters; Feb. 2, 1959; 3 
males, 1 juvenile [1 male is holotype, USNM 112458]—Same; buoy 
and cable; 0-75 meters; Mar. 18, 1960; 6 males, 1 female.—Same; 
Apr. 5, 1962; 1 ovigerous female—Same; buoy; 0-2 meters; Feb. i DS 
1963; 4 males, 1 ovigerous female. 

Description: Carapace broadly pear shaped in adults; length of 
males in midline, not including rostral horns, one-sixth to one-fifth 
longer than maximum breadth; adult females proportionately broader. 
Dorsal surface of carapace and legs of large males with very fine but 
tough pubescence forming tangled mat of long hairs on margins of 
carapace, chelipeds, and anterior walking legs; less dense covering of 
shorter hairs on most of dorsal surface of carapace and on posterior 
legs. Hepatic lobe produced anteriorly, not rectangular. Two low, 
subequal lobes or teeth on branchial margin. Rostral horns and 
preorbital, hepatic, and branchial lobes bearing terminal tufts of stout 
setae. Rostral sinus narrowly V-shaped. Basal article of antennae 
unarmed, two succeeding articles subcylindrical, reaching as far as end 
of rostral horns. Chelipeds with merus subtriangular, two lobes near 
proximal end of outer margin; carpus with blunt outer crest; chela of 
male swollen, slightly compressed dorsally; fingers gaping throughout 
in male, only proximally in female. Abdomen with fourth and fifth 
somites indistinguishably fused in both sexes, third and fourth somites 
partially so in large males. 

Male abdomen and gonopods as figured. 

Measurements: Carapace of male holotype, 18.0 mm. long in mid- 
line, 20.0 mm. to tip of rostral horn, 15.0 mm. in maximum width. 
Carapace lengths of male paratypes in midline, 4.7-16-+ mm.; of 





NO. 3536 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 649 


female without eggs, 4.7 mm.; of ovigerous females, 4.2 and 9.8 mm. ; 
of juvenile, 2.1 mm. 

Remarks: Although the St. Helena specimens closely resemble the 
variable Acanthonyx petiveriti H. Milne Edwards, 1834, from tropical 
waters of the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific, and A. lunulatus 





Ficure 12.—Acanthonyx sanctaehelenae, male holotype: a, dorsal aspect of crab, right half 
denuded; b, suborbital and buccal regions; ¢, right cheliped; d, abdomen; ¢, propodus 
and dactyl of right posterior leg; f, caudal aspect of right gonopod; g, tip of same. 


(Risso, 1816) from the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean (fig. 13), 
I believe that they represent a distinct species. In the general con- 
figuration of the carapace, A. sanctaehelenae seems nearest to A. 
lunulatus, but apparently it can be distinguished from that species by 
the broader, more pear-shaped carapace and the V-shaped, rather than 
broadly U-shaped, sinus between the rostral horns. 


650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


w, 
Maa) 





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Ficure 13,—Carapace variation in Acanthonyx lunulatus (a-d), A. sanctachelenae (e-h) 
and A. petiverii (i-l): a, male, Naples, Italy, carapace length 16.5 mm.; b, male, Messina, 
Italy, carapace length 17.0 mm,; ¢, male, Naples, Italy, carapace length 19.3 mm.; d, 
ovigerous female, Cadaques, Spain, carapace length 12.2 mm.; ¢, male, carapace length 
13.0 mm.; f, male, carapace length 15.0 mm.; g, male, carapace length 18.1 mm.; h, ovig- 
erous female, carapace length 9.7 mm.; i, male, Martinique, carapace length 13.3 mm.; 
j, male, St. Croix, Virgin Islands, carapace length 15.2 mm.; , male, St. Croix, carapace 
length 18.5 mm.; /, ovigerous female, Martinique, carapace length 10.3 mm. 








NO. 3536 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 651 


Only the three largest males, with carapace lengths to the base of 
the rostral sinus of 14.9 to 18.0 mm., are conspicuously pubescent, and 
the smallest of these has the matted covering largely confined to the 
chelipeds. Also, all of the males except the largest (the holotype) 
have a distinct, though not always completely functional, suture 
between the third and fourth abdominal somites. 

Distribution: Known only from the type locality off Rupert’s Bay, 
St. Helena. 


Subfamily Pisinae 
Pisa sanctaehelenae, new species 


Fiaure 14 


Material: Off Rupert’s Bay; buoy; 0-2 meters; Feb. 11, 1963; 1 
male, 2 ovigerous females [male is holotype, USNM 112459]. 

Description: Carapace, not including rostral and lateral spines, 
one-sixth to one-third longer than broad. Regions well marked and 
uneven. Cardiac region swollen, surrounded by broad, deep furrow 
accentuated laterally by curved, longitudinal ridge near inner margin 
of each metabranchial region. Intestinal region with median promi- 
nence. Branchial region bearing lateral boss with obscure longitudinal 
sulcus behind cervical groove and three smaller prominences in oblique 
row across mesobranchial region, posteriormost forming blunt tooth 
on posterolateral margin. Surface pubescence sparse, but groups of 
hooked hairs (shown on left side of fig. 14a) on rostral spines, on 
anterior and posterior portions of each protogastric region, on bran- 
chial prominences, and along margin of each branchial region. Ros- 
tral spines divergent throughout. Supraocular eave with long anterior 
spine and distinct tooth at posterior angle. Tooth between supra- 
ocular eave and postocular process large, virtually closing dorsal 
margin of orbit. Strong spine on hepatic region behind postocular 
process. Four distinct spines on lateral margin of branchial region, 
first two close together, last largest, nearly as large as hepatic spine. 
Basal antennal article with long anterior spine visible from above and 
approaching preocular spine in length. Distinct tooth just posterior 
to posterolateral angle of basal antennal article. Row of three acute 
teeth, decreasing in size posteriorly, on each pterygostomian region. 

Chelipeds of male about as long as carapace. Merus covered with 
raised tubercles and four spines, one terminal, in dorsal midline. 
Carpus with four rows of large tubercles delimiting three broad, 
longitudinal sulci. Hand with massive tubercle at dorsal articulation 
with carpus and double row of irregular tubercles or sharp granules 
forming shallow longitudinal sulcus in dorsal margin; ventral margin 
with blunt carina on proximal three-fourths; outer surface micro- 


652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


scopically roughened but not tuberculate; inner surface swollen and 
bearing about five pearly tubercles scattered on swollen portion. 
Fingers meeting in distal half, gaping proximally, with large, rectan- 
gular, serrate tooth on basal third of movable finger. Chelipeds of 





Ficure 14.—Pisa sanctaehelenae, male holotype: a, dorsal aspect of crab, right half denuded; 
b, orbit in dorsal view; c, suborbital region; d, left chela; ¢, abdomen; f, dactyl of right 
posterior leg; g, mesiocaudal aspect of right gonopod; h, tip of same. 


females smaller; merus and carpus strongly spinose; chela smoother, 
without basal tooth on movable finger. Walking legs decreasing in 
length posteriorly; merus with rounded dorsal protuberance termi- 
nally; carpus with single tubercle near meral articulation, followed 
by deep longitudinal furrow; propodus of first leg swollen distally in 





NO. 3536 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 653 


male only; dactyl with five to seven low tubercles on ventral margin. 

Male abdomen and gonopods as figured. 

Color: In ethyl alcohol, carapace with rusty to orange-red re- 
ticulated mottling on grayish background; elevations cream colored. 
Chelipeds with dark, rusty red patch near distal end of upper surface 
of merus and reticulations of same color on carpus and on inner and 
outer surfaces of hand; light orange-red mottling on upper surface of 
hands and in two bands on fingers. Speckels of red on ambulatory 
legs and on ventral surfaces of crab. 

Measurements: Carapace of male holotype, 11.3 mm. long in mid- 
line, 13.2 mm. long to tip of rostral spine, 9.7 mm. wide between 
branchial margins, 10.7 mm. wide between tips of lateral spines. 
Carapace of ovigerous female paratypes, 5.8 and 8.2 mm. long in 
midline, 7.0 and 9.2 mm. long to tips of rostral spines, 4.3 and 6.8 mm. 
wide between branchial margins, 5.0 and 7.6 mm. wide between tips 
of lateral spines. 

Remarks: Pisa sanctaehelenae bears a faint resemblance to P. 
carinimana Miers, 1879, from West Africa and the Canary Islands, 
but it is readily distinguished by the much stronger preocular and 
antennal spines, the salient posterolateral angle of the supraocular 
eave, the larger intermediate supraocular tooth, the more uneven 
carapace, and the more numerous spines on the branchial margins.” 

Distribution: Known only from the type locality off Rupert’s Bay, 
St. Helena, where it was represented only in the last of the five collec- 
tions made from the buoy and cable at that location. 


Distribution 


The distribution of the 23 species of decapod crustaceans (fig. 15) 
does not conform exactly with the distribution patterns of St. Helena 
fishes (Cunningham, 1910, and Cadenat and Marchal, 1963), mollusks 
(E. A. Smith, 1890), and echinoderms (Mortensen, 1933). Colman 
(1946, p. 279) concluded from the studies published prior to 1946 that 
“Tn each case the principal links are with the West Indies first, and 
secondly, with the Mediterranean and north-east Atlantic, while there 
is only a slight connection with South Africa.” Cadenat and Marchal 
(p. 1307) state that ‘les affinites de cette faune sont tres nettement 
plus antillaises que ouest-africaines.”” On the contrary, the decapods 
seem to be more closely allied to the West African than to the East 
American faunas. Excluding the six decapods that are found in 


2 Pisa sanctaehelenae seems to differ from the closely related P. calva Forest and 
Guinot, 1966 (p. 99, figs. 10, 1la-f, 13), in its divergent rostral spines, more 
salient posterolateral angle of the supraocular eave, and more angularly sinuous 
shaft of the male gonopod. 


654 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


both the western and eastern Atlantic, only three species are common 
to St. Helena and eastern America, whereas seven West African species 
are represented at St. Helena. 


Eastern | Western Eastern 
Pacific | Atlantic Atlantic 


Synalpheus fritzmuelleri 
Grapsus grapsus 
Micropanope melanodactylus 
Brachycarpus biunguiculatus 
Planes cyaneus 
Planes marinus 
Dromia erythropus 
Panulirus echinatus 
Micropanope rufopunctata 
Plagusia depressa 
Calappa gallus 
Enoplometopus antillensis 
Dardanus imperator 
Pachygrapsus loveridgei 
Acanthonyx sanctaehelenae 
Pisa sanctaehelenae 
Pontonia pinnophylax 
Alpheus macrocheles 
Scyllarides herklotsii 
Albunea carabus 
Actaea mar garitaria 
Dardanus arrosor 
Alpheus paragracilis 





Ficure 15.—Geographic distribution of the decapod crustaceans of St. Helena Island. 


Only one of the decapods, the oceanic crab Planes cyaneus, probably 
reached St. Helena from South Africa. This ratio corresponds with 
that in the St. Helena echinoderms, of which only Asterina exigua now 
occurs in South Africa. Mortensen believed that this sea star was 
transported on floating kelp, which is regularly carried from South 





NO. 3536 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS—CHACE 655 


Africa to St. Helena in the trade-wind drift; this explanation almost 
certainly applies to Planes, which is a habitual passenger on floating 
weed. Calappa gallus, which occasionally occurs on the east coast of 
South Africa, probably never reaches the Cape of Good Hope, and 
there is little likelihood that it migrated directly from there to St. 
Helena in the recent past. The evidence of a link between the faunas 
of St. Helena and South Africa is even more obscure in the mollusks, 
of which only 6 of 182 St. Helena species were known from South 
Africa, but Cunningham reported a closer relationship in the fishes, 
of which no less than 12 of 33 St. Helena species were reported from 
South Africa. 

One of the more surprising disclosures of the study of the Loveridge 
collections is the number of Pacific species represented. ‘The propor- 
tion of decapods common to St. Helena and to the Indo-Pacific (30 
percent) and eastern Pacific (26 percent) is noticeably greater than it 
is in the fishes (24 and 18 percent), mollusks (8 and 5 percent), and 
echinoderms (15 and 8 percent). Also, at least four of the decapods 
that have been reported from the Pacific (Alpheus paragracilis, En- 
oplometopus antillensis, Micropanope melanodactylus, and Planes 
marinus) seem to have discontinuous distributions. (The probable 
occurrence of Planes cyaneus off South Africa eliminates that crab 
from this group.) A possible explanation for such interrupted dis- 
tributional patterns (aside from insufficient collecting) is that some 
of the species have been transported on the hulls of ships. For those 
species that could withstand a few days’ exposure to cool tempera- 
tures, there was ample opportunity for introduction to St. Helena by 
this method when the island was a regular port of call for vessels 
sailing around Cape Horn or the Cape of Good Hope before the 
construction of the Suez and Panama Canals. 

Finally, the four possibly edemic decapods thus far described from 
St. Helena (Dardanus imperator, Pachygrapsus loveridgei, Acanthonyx 
sanctaehelenae, and Pisa sanctaehelenae) are proportionately fewer (17 
percent) than are the fishes (29 percent), mollusks (52 percent), and 
echinoderms (50 percent) that are confined to St. Helena (and Ascen- 
sion Island). Further collecting, or even the study of existing col- 
lections, may reveal additional undescribed species, and it is not 
unlikely that specimens now assigned to some of the more widely 
ranging species, such as Pontonia pinnophylax, Alpheus macrocheles, 
Panulirus echinatus, Enoplometopus antillensis, Dardanus arrosor, 
Albunea carabus, and Dromia erythropus, will eventually prove to be 
specifically or subspecifically distinct. 


656 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


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U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1966 





Proceedings of 


the United States 





National Museum 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION + WASHINGTON, D.C. 





Volume 118 1967 Number 3537 





REVISION OF SHARKS OF GENUS ISURUS 
WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES 
(GALEOIDEA, LAMNIDAE) ! 


By J. A. F. Garrick ? 


The genus Jsurus comprises the mako or mackerel sharks, world- 
wide in distribution throughout tropical and temperate seas. Opinion 
from recent accounts as to the number of extant species in the genus 
ranges from two or three (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1948) to four (Smith, 
1957, 1958). In the study reported below, considerably more material 
has been examined than was available to other workers, and it is 
concluded that the 12 nominal species of Jsurus represent only 1 
worldwide species. However, in addition, there is another very dis- 
tinctive species which does not appear to have been described.’ 
Presentation of the evidence for these findings and description of the 
new species are the purposes of this paper. 

This study is based on 35 specimens from which fairly complete 
measurements of external dimensions have been taken. For another 
8 specimens only incomplete data are available. In addition some 


1 This study has been supported by grants from the University of New Zealand, 
by Atomic Energy Commission contract AT(30-1)2409, and by National Science 
Foundation Grant GB-245. 

2 Department of Zoology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. 

3 At the time this paper was in galley, Guitart Manday (July 1966) described, 
under the name Isurus paucus, a mako shark that is clearly the same as the 
species which I describe as new in this account. For further details, see Addendum. 


219-935—67 663 


664. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


proportions have been extracted from the original descriptions or from 
the illustrations of the types of the nominal species J. africanus, JI. 
bideni, I. cepedir, I. dekayi, I. glaucus, I. gomphodon, I. guentheri, I. 
huidobrii, and J. tigris. Comparable data could not be obtained 
from the descriptions of J. mako, I. oxyrinchus, and I. spallanzani for 
a variety of reasons: either no measurements or proportions were 
given, or no indication of the size of the specimen concerned was in- 
cluded, or illustrations were poor or lacking. The reliability of the 
data from some of the original descriptions is discussed on page 666 
and elsewhere in this paper. 

Seventeen of the specimens for which there are full data have been 
examined and measured by me. These include: one from the western 
North Atlantic; one from the eastern North Atlantic; two from Japan; 
three from California; seven from New Zealand; one from South 
Africa; and two from the Indian or Pacific Oceans (exact locality 
uncertain). Measurements were made in the manner outlined by 
Bigelow and Schroeder (1948, p. 61). 

Data from 13 specimens taken in the central Pacific during 1952 
through 1955 by the program of Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations 
of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service were supplied by Dr. Donald W. 
Strasburg. These were reported earlier in summarized form by 
Strasburg (1958). J. Moreland provided measurements of a New 
Zealand specimen, and S. Gruber supplied measurements of one from 
New York. 

Information was obtained from recently published accounts of four 
specimens from Madagascar (Fourmanoir, 1961), three specimens 
from South Africa (Smith, 1953, 1957, 1958), and two specimens from 
the western North Atlantic (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1948). 

The material included 31 males, 11 females, and 6 specimens for 
which the sex was not recorded. No sexual dimorphism was observed 
in proportions. In total length the specimens ranged from late 
embryos 605 mm. long to an adult of 3,200 mm., the latter a cast of a 
New Zealand female in the Auckland Museum. 

Many of the specimens were discarded after they had been meas- 
ured, but some were preserved whole. The latter are listed under 
Study Material in the accounts of the two species given here. 

My thanks are due to the many colleagues who have assisted in 
this study by providing specimens and data. To those at the insti- 
tutions mentioned variously in this account I would add Dr. T. Abe 
(Tokaiku Suisan Kenkyujo, Tokyo, Japan) for his considerable con- 
tribution in supplying three specimens of the new species of Jsurus 
described here; F. Begley of Awanui, New Zealand, for assistance in 
obtaining specimens of New Zealand makos; Dr. L. R. Richardson 
(formerly of Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand) for his 








NO. 3537 SHARK GENUS ISURUS—GARRICK 665 


sustained interest and discussions on the problem; and several col- 
leagues who have read and offered valuable suggestions on the manu- 
script. The illustrations of the teeth of two makos (figs. 8, 9) are by 
Peter A. McCrery. 

Although the nominal species treated here have been placed in 
several genera by some authors, opinion has stabilized in more recent 
years to include them all in Jsurus Rafinesque. It will be apparent 
from the treatment of these nominal species in this account that 
recognition of /swrus alone is the only possible course. 

The nominal species of /surus listed in the order in which they 
were proposed * are: 


species locality total length(s) of type(s) 

Isurus oxyrinchus § Rafinesque, Sicily — 

1810a 
Isurus spallanzani Rafinesque, Sicily —- 

1810b 
Squalus (Lamna) cepedii Lesson, Tropical Atlantic 1830 mm. 

1830 
Oxyrhina gomphodon Miller and oceanic ca. 1700 mm. 

Henle, 1841 
Oxyrhina glauca Miillerand Henle, Japan 1020 mm., 750 

1841 mm., 660 mm. 
Isuropsis dekayi Gill, 1862b New York 3100 mm. 
Carcharias tigris Atwood, 1869 Massachusetts 2690 mm. 
Lamna guentheri Murray, 1884 Kurrachee, India 2580 mm. 
Lamna huidobrii Philippi, 1887 Chile 2900 mm. 
Isurus mako Whitley, 1929 New Zealand — 
Isurus bideni Phillipps, 1932 South Africa 1195 mm. 
Isurus africanus Smith, 1957 South Africa 2540 mm. 


The characters separating Jsurus from the other two genera, Lamna 
and Carcharodon, in the family Lamnidae are: upper teeth smooth 
edged, lacking lateral basal denticles; first dorsal origin definitely 
behind a vertical through posterior (inner) corner of pectoral fin; and 
no secondary lateral keel along anterior part of caudal fin. In Lamna 
the teeth are smooth edged but have lateral basal denticles, at least 
in subadults and adults. In Carcharodon the teeth are serrated. 
Both Lamna and Carcharodon have the first dorsal origin anterior to a 
vertical through the posterior corner of the pectoral. Zamna, but 


4See Addendum. 

5 Tortonese (1956, p. 106, ftn. 1) claims that, under Article 19 of “The 
Code of Zoological Nomenclature,” this spelling should be emended to 
“oxyrhynchus.’’ However, if we consider that Rafinesque used the spelling 
“oxyrinchus”’ twice in his 1810a account (once on page 12, and again on plate 
13) and repeated it in his 1810b account (p. 45), and nowhere used the spelling 
“oxyrhynchus,” we have no reason to believe that ‘‘oryrinchus’’ was an in- 
advertent error. Consequently, according to Article 32(b), the spelling 
“oxyrinchus’’ must be treated as the correct original spelling and is not to be 
emended. 


666 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


not Carcharodon, has a secondary lateral keel on the anterior part of 
the caudal fin. 

Comparing the original (and some later) accounts of the nominal 
species of Jsurus with the diagnostic criteria mentioned above reveals 
discrepancies in a few cases. For example, the original illustration of 
I. gomphodon in Miiller and Henle (1841, pl. 28) shows the first dorsal 
origin above the pectoral axil—a character of Lamna. However, the 
teeth, as illustrated, are clearly those of an Isurus, and likewise there 
is no secondary caudal keel. Miiller and Henle’s illustrations are, for 
the most part, accurate representations, so one is led to the assumption 
that the illustration of I. gomphodon was made from a distorted 
specimen. The type and only specimen, a mounted skin, was depos- 
ited in the Berlin Museum but unfortunately cannot be found. 
Compared with other makos, the illustration of J. gomphodon shows 
a considerably shorter body sector as measured between pectoral axil 
and pelvic origin (see table 1, E). Also the first dorsal fin is higher 
than usual (fig. 3), and the pectoral is longer (figs. 1-2)—though not 
as long as that of the new species described below. On this evidence 
there is reason to believe that the skin of the type of I. gomphodon 
underwent shrinkage along its midsector when it was being mounted. 
Consequently, the proportions of J. gomphodon must be used with 
caution. 

Isurus spallanzani, first illustrated in Bonaparte (1839, pl. 136, 
fig. 1) from an Italian specimen, is also shown with the first dorsal 
origin over the pectoral axil, but again it is clear that the specimen 
was an Jsurus. Conversely, Bonaparte’s illustration (1835) pla ais. 
fig. 2) in the same account, of Lamna cornubica, has the first dorsal 
origin slightly behind the pectoral posterior corner—a character of 
Isurus. It must be presumed that Bonaparte’s illustrations are 
inaccurate in these features for subsequent accounts of Isurus and 
Lamna from Italian waters (e.g., Tortonese, 1956) do not agree with 
Bonaparte but instead show the “normal” positioning of the first 
dorsal fin relative to the pectoral fin. 

The above-mentioned discrepancies make understandable the con- 
fusion which has arisen between Jsurus and Lamna. The persistence 
of such confusion is exemplified by Waite’s (1921, ip. 215 hes. 27) 
illustration of an Australasian specimen of Lamna nasus as Isurus 
glaucus. Waite’s illustration was later redrawn by Barnard (1925, 
pl. 1, fig. 6) who used it for J. glaucus in his account of South African 
fishes. Whitley (1940, p. 123, fig. 130) also used Waite’s illustration 
but identified the shark as J. mako. 

Isurus guentheri stands noticeably apart from the other 11 nom- 
inal species in having many more teeth. Murray’s (1884, pp. 348— 
351) account of the type, the only information available for the species, 


NO. 3637 SHARK GENUS ISURUS—GARRICK 667 


credits it with having = teeth in each side of the jaws. In all other 


10 to 14 
10 to 15 
the jaws. Murray’s account stresses the fact that his species has many 
teeth, thereby lessening the likelihood that his count is in error. How- 
ever, because no other mako has been reported with a comparable 
number of teeth, and in view of the fact that Murray’s count is twice 
that for other makos, I believe that Murray’s count should be 
regarded asinerror. I, therefore, follow Smith (1957, p. 92) and some 


makos so far reported there is a range of teeth in each side of 


earlier workers in treating Murray’s count of as being a total count 


rather than the count of the teeth in each side of the jaws. 
Examination of my data on the proportional dimensions of the 
makos used in this study shows that only in pectoral fin length is there 
any clear-cut evidence of the existence of more than one species. In 
figure 1, where the length of the pectoral fin relative to prepectoral 
length is expressed against total length, five specimens stand well apart 
from the remainder in having considerably longer pectorals. These 


110 


O ATLANTIC 
3K PACIFIC 


alatus n.s.__ 


o 
o 


@ INDIAN 


A PACIFIC OR INDIAN 
vk UNKNOWN 
Scenes 


e Te iee 





© 
oO 


gomphodon 
NS 


© 
oO 








~ 
9° 


are 


ne, Y SiS) * ee 


ANT. MARGIN PECTORAL AS °o 
SNOUT TIP TO PECTORAL ORIGIN 


O 


oO) 
oO 


1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 
TOTAL LENGTH IN MM 


Ficure 1.—IJsurus, separable into long-finned and short-finned species by the length of the 
pectoral fin relative to prepectoral length (identified specimens are types of the nominal 
species). 


specimens include three from the central Pacific (data from Dr. Donald 
W. Strasburg) and two specimens supplied by Dr. Tokiharu Abe. 
The latter two were taken by Japanese long-line vessels in either the 
Pacific or Indian Oceans. The only specimen that does not obviously 
fit within the two groupings in figure 1 is the type of I. gomphodon 
which is more or less intermediate though favoring the short-finned 
group. However, as already discussed, the dimensions of JI. gom- 
phodon are suspect, and its fins are probably relatively shorter than 
its illustrated total length suggests. On this basis J. gomphodon can 
be aligned with the short-finned group. 


668 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Figure 2, where pectoral fin length as a percentage of total length 
is expressed against total length, shows the same two groupings as in 
figure 1. The long-finned group includes the five specimens which 
were distinctive in figure 1 and also two more which were omitted in 
figure 1 for lack of definite data on head length. These two are a 
specimen from off Madagascar, reported in Fourmanoir (1961, pp. 78- 
79), and the type of J. cepedii. Fourmanoir’s records indicate that 
he had short-finned makos as well as the long-finned specimen, and 
he notes that there were differences in form and weight “sans pouvoir 
définir avec certitude une deuxiéme espéce.”’ One apparent error in 
the dimensions which Fourmanoir gives for his long-finned specimen 
(2,180 mm. total length) is the length from snout tip to pectoral 
origin (800 mm.). This is 36.7 percent of the total length, a per- 
centage far too great for any mako. Presumably the 800 mm. length 
was meant to be for snout tip to first dorsal origin, as this dimension 
is omitted for the long-finned specimen but supplied for the others. 


alatus n, SS, - 


* 


gomphodon 
» africanus 
SS 


@a* huidebrit 
Kip KBP, * 
ott 


@—suentheri 


1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 
TOTAL LENGTH IN MM 


ANT. MARGIN PECTORAL 
AS %o TOTAL LENGTH 





Figure 2.—Isurus, separable into long-finned and short-finned species by the length of the 
pectoral fin relative to total length (identified specimens are types of the nominal species). 


If the type of I. cepedii rightly belongs with the long-finned group 
as figure 2 would indicate, then the long-finned species must take the 
name J. cepedii. However, for the reasons given below, I do not 
follow this course but instead describe the long-finned species as 
new (p. 677). 

Isurus cepedii was described by Lesson (1830, p. 93) from a specimen 
6 feet long taken in the tropical Atlantic. No illustration was 
given, but the description, particularly of the teeth and snout, is 
clearly that of an Jsurus. The pectoral length is given as ‘‘prés 
d’un pied et demi”; attention is drawn to the fact that this is an 
approximate length. The color on the underside of the snout is 
described as ‘Un blanc nacré,” whereas in the three long-finned 


NO. 3537 SHARK GENUS ISURUS—GARRICK 669 


makos which I have seen, the underside of the snout and around the 
lips is at least partly dusky. Lesson states that the caudal fin is 
deeply forked, the dorsal lobe with a “haut de 15 pouces,”’ the 
ventral lobe with a “haut 4 peine de 8 Pouces.”” I assume that by 
“haut”? Lesson meant the length of each lobe from its origin to tip. 
If this is so, Lesson’s stated length of 15 inches for the dorsal lobe on 
a 6-foot long specimen is in agreement with other makos. But his 
stated length of 8 inches for the ventral lobe would be far too short. 
In all my material the length of dorsal lobe divided by the length of 
the ventral lobe ranges from 1.19 to 1.54, whereas in J. cepedii it is 
1.88. The difference is sufficient to throw considerable doubt on the 
validity of Lesson’s measurements, and in consequence of this, plus 
the discrepancy in snout color and the lack of type material to pro- 
vide confirmation, I cannot regard the evidence as warranting the 
recognition of J. cepedii as a long-finned mako. 

Figures 3, 4, 5, and table 1 were constructed from data on short- 
finned makos only. In figures 3-5 individual specimens are plotted, 
while in table 1 the data is summarized for three size groups, plus 
the types wherever possible. The various proportions represented 
in the figures and table are those which have been used by recent 
authors, particularly Bigelow and Schroeder (1948), and Smith 
(1957, 1958), as diagnostic criteria for the several species of Jsurus 
they recognize. In summary, these diagnostic criteria are based on: 
the proportions of the first dorsal fin (height relative to base), its 
position and its shape; the height of the first dorsal fin relative to the 


tigris— © 


omphodon 
9 X Pp 


x 
@ @-ofricanus 


O 
e 40 oe ae 


© 
a * * 


huidobrii 
\ 


@. 
*x guentheri 


° ae wy, adi 


HEIGHT FIRST DORSAL AS % TOTAL LENGTH 


* * 


\ 
glaucus 
1000 150 





0 2000 3000 
TOTAL LENGTH IN MM 


Ficure 3.—IJsurus, short-finned only, showing growth change in height of first dorsal fin 
relative to total length (identified specimens are types of nominal species). 


670 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


ae-glaucus O ATLANTIC 
¥& PACIFIC 
@ INDIAN 


bident si UNKNOWN 


aK y 


* yf sunt 
* ae 


O ae 
ri Fo, % 2 


goniphodon ne 


BASE (eight FIRST DORSAL 
O 
0 





® 
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 
TOTAL LENGTH IN MM 








Ficure 4.—IJsurus, short-finned only, showing change with growth of the relative propor- 
tions of the first dorsal fin (identified specimens are types of nominal species). 


head length; the head length relative to the distance between the 
pectoral fin axil and the pelvic fin origin; and the distance between 
the origins of the pectoral fin and first dorsal fin relative to parts of 
the head length. Figures 3-5 and table 1 do not support Bigelow 
and Schroeder’s criteria for distinguishing Atlantic and Pacific species 
of Jsurus, nor Smith’s recognition of two or more species within each 
of the major oceans. Instead the figures and table provide fairly 
strong evidence that short-finned makos undergo considerable change 
with growth in some proportions and are variable in others. The 
amount of variation is large, but much of it may be due to differences 


=z 38 
o O ATLANTIC 
5 ¥& PACIFIC 
O 36 @ inoiAN 
B 3 UNKNOWN 
o bideni 
L 34 \ 
Ke 
4 mi 
i 32 Ya 
NS glaucus 
=z * 
a huidobrit 


28 


gomphodon 


a 


Ld 
h 


SNOUT TIP TO PECTORAL ORIGI 
ie} nD 
to o 





1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 
TOTAL LENGTH IN MM 


Ficure 5.—Isurus, short-finned only, showing growth change in the height of the first dorsal 
fin relative to prepectoral length (identified specimens are types of nominal species). 





NO. 3537 SHARK GENUS ISURUS—GARRICK 671 


in methods of measurement rather than to real differences. To what 
extent this is true cannot be assessed, for only a few of the many 
accounts which were abstracted to provide data used in the figures 
and table give any indication of the measuring methods used. Ex- 
amples of the growth change and variation shown in the figures and 
table are as follows. The height of the first dorsal fin undergoes a 
very significant proportional increase with growth (fig. 3) while its 
base remains a constant proportion (table 1, A). The ensuing re- 
lationship of first dorsal height to base® with growth is as in figure 4. 
Prepectoral length shows no obvious change with growth but is rather 
variable (table 1, B). Comparing prepectoral length with first 
dorsal height relative to total length gives the plot shown in figure 5. 
The distance between the pectoral axil and the pelvic fin origin 
increases proportionately with growth (table 1, E). The distance 
between the pectoral fin origin and the first dorsal fin origin does not 
show growth change but is variable at all sizes (table 1, D); the 
relationship of this distance to the length from the posterior of the 
eye to the first gill opening is summarized in table 1, H. Various 
other proportions which have been used by Bigelow and Schroeder 
(1948) and Smith (1957) are given in table 1, C, F, G, I, and J; these 
similarly show growth change and variation but need not be discussed 
further here. 

One other character which has been thought to be of prime diag- 
nostic significance is the shape of the first dorsal fin apex. A broadly 
rounded apex has been regarded as a character of J. glaucus, while a 
more angular or acutely angled apex has been ascribed to J. oxyrinchus 
and J. tigris. This character, like that of first dorsal fin height, is 
profoundly altered with growth. All juvenile makos have broadly 
rounded first dorsals, and in all the apex becomes increasingly angular 
with growth. The same phenomenon occurs in nearly all sharks. 
Figure 6 illustrates a range of fin shapes, with growth, in four New 
Zealand makos, plus an Atlantic embryo which has the “J. glaucus,”’ 
i.e., Pacific, type of fin. According to contemporary accounts, the 
New Zealand makos illustrated here would be variously identified as 
I. glaucus, I. oxyrinchus, and I. tigris. 

Comparing the diagnostic criteria used by Bigelow and Schroeder 
(1948) and by Smith (1957, 1958) with my data shows that the species 


6 Krumholz’ report (Copeia, 1957, no. 4, p. 302) of a large mako, 3,023 mm. 
long, from the Bahamas, gives its first dorsal height and base as 8.2 percent and 
10.1 percent of total length respectively—dimensions that are quite unlike those 
of any large mako I have seen. Kodachromes of the Bahama mako, kindly 
loaned by Dr. Krumholz, clearly show that the quoted dorsal fin dimensions are 
in error—perhaps transposed—because the first dorsal height is noticeably 
greater than the base, rather than the reverse as stated in Krumholz’ account. 


672 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


recognized by these authors are largely dependent on specimen size. 
Thus only juveniles clearly fit the criteria of J. glaucus, while middle- 
sized specimens show more affinity with J. oxyrinchus, and large spec- 
imens usually agree with J. tigris. In the case of J. glaucus and J. 
tigris these size characterizations follow from the sizes of the types; 
the types of I. glaucus were juveniles, the largest being 1,020 mm. long 
(selected by Boeseman (1947, p. 217) as lectotype), and the type of J. 
tigris was a large adult, 2,690 mm. long. Jsurus oxyrinchus has been 
interpreted in recent years mostly from the excellent account and 
illustrations of a specimen 1,640 mm. long in Bigelow and Schroeder 
(1948, p. 125, fig. 18). Application of Bigelow and Schroeder’s and 
of Smith’s criteria for the species does not produce clear-cut results 
when a series of specimens is examined. This of course would be 
expected in view of the evidence given here on the size-dependency 
of the criteria and on the variation which occurs. Thus Cadenat 
(1962, p. 309) reports that four West African specimens which he has 
examined show more affinity with J. tigris as recognized by Smith, 
but in some characters, differing from specimen to specimen, there is 
agreement with J. oxyrinchus. I have found similar overlap in New 
Zealand specimens which, if small, could be variously identified as 
I. glaucus or I. oxyrinchus depending on the character used, or if large 
could be I. oxyrinchus or J. tigris. Dr. F. Talbot informs me (per- 
sonal communication) that a series of makos caught off Capetown 
offered the same problems. 

Examination of the features which were thought distinctive for 
the nominal species of makos when first described does not provide 
any other evidence for recognizing more than one species of short- 
finned mako. Rafinesque (1810b, p. 60) distinguished his Mediter- 
ranean I. spallanzani from the Mediterranean J. oxyrinchus on the 
erounds that J. spallanzani lacked a lateral line. However, all makos 
have lateral lines. Lesson (1830, p. 93) did not diagnose his Atlantic 
I. cepedit and made no comparison with other makos. Miiller and 
Henle (1841, p. 69) differentiated the Pacific I. glaucus from I. 
gomphodon (locality unknown) on the position and shape of the first 
dorsal fin—features already treated here. Gill (1862b, p. 409) named 
the Atlantic J. dekayt on De Kay’s (1842, p. 352) account of Lamna 
punctata, but in neither account is there any discussion of the diag- 
nostic characters. Atwood (1869, p. 268) compared his Atlantic 
1. tigris only with Carcharias atwoodi Storer which is now known to be 
a synonym of Carcharodon carcharias. Murray (1884, p. 349) differ- 
entiated his Indian Ocean J. guentheri from I. glauca and I. spallanzani 
(and from Lamna cornubica) on the basis of its greater number of 
teeth, the position and shape of the fins, the length of the caudal 
keel, and the presence of a prominent lateral line. The question of 








NO. 3637 SHARK GENUS ISURUS—GARRICK 673 


the number of teeth has been discussed on page 666; I do not find any 
of the other so-called differences to be valid. Philippi (1887, p. 548) 
distinguished his eastern Pacific J. huidobrii from Lamna cornubica by 
its teeth. He implied the need for comparison with J. spallanzani, 
but otherwise there is no discussion of diagnostic features. Whitley 
(1929, p. 101) named the New Zealand J. mako on the characters 
given in Phillipps’ (1926, p. 530) account of J. glaucus. Phillipps 
compared his material with J. glaucus of Miller and Henle and with 
that of Waite (1921, p. 21) which was, in fact, a specimen of Lamna 
nasus. The only character which Phillipps thought distinctive was 
the relative lengths of the dorsal and ventral lobes of the caudal fin. 
His figure for these, 1.27, comes well within the values given here 
(table 1, J) for other short-finned makos. Phillipps (1932, p. 227) 
named the South African J. bideni using the description in Whitley 
(1931, p. 140). He distinguished J. bideni from J. mako and J. 
glaucus on the height of the first dorsal fin, the shape and dimensions 
of the caudal fin, and the position of the anal fin, viz, ‘‘Anal base 
wholly behind second dorsal.’”’ Of these three, only the last-mentioned 
character is unusual. I have found no mako with the anal fin as far 
back, relative to the second dorsal fin, as Phillipps shows in his figure 
of J. bideni, and presume that the figure is inaccurate in this feature. 
Smith (1957, p. 96) provisionally proposed the subspecies J. tigris 
africanus for a 2,540 mm. specimen from South Africa on the grounds 
that its first dorsal fin was less acute apically and slightly lower than 
Atlantic and Australasian specimens of J. tigris. In a later account 
Smith (1958, p. 134) recognized his subspecies as J. africanus but 
without further clarification of its distinctive features. As can be 
seen from figure 3 in the present account, J. africanus does not merit 
specific status in regard to its first dorsal fin height. 

Cadenat (1962, p. 305) has suggested the probability that a further 
and as yet unnamed species of Jsurus is present in the tropical Atlantic. 
This Jsurus, which Cadenat knew only from the head of a specimen 
taken by a Japanese long-liner south of Cape Verdes Islands, differs 
from other makos in the number and arrangement of the upper teeth. 
8—2-2-8 

12-12 ° 
teeth close together on each side of the symphysis, followed by a dis- 
tinct space separating them from the smaller lateral teeth. In all 
other makos, including the new species described on p. 677, there are 
similarly two large teeth on each side of the symphysis, but these are 
closely followed by a noticeably smaller tooth which in turn is sep- 
arated by a space from the larger lateral teeth. Also most makos have 
more lateral teeth than Cadenat’s specimen. ‘The first upper tooth of 
Cadenat’s specimen has an incomplete cutting edge along the lateral 


Its dental formula is 





In the upper jaw there are two large 


674. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


margin of its cusp—it agrees therefore with short-finned makos in this 
respect and not with the long-finned species described as new here. 
Cadenat regarded as improbable the likelihood that his mako is abnor- 
mal, on the grounds that the abnormality would not be bilaterally sym- 
metrical. Evaluation of the status of the specimen must await further 
material. 

Cadenat also pointed out that of the Zsurus material that he has ex- 
amined, the jaws of 12 specimens from Madeira, Senegal, and the 
Ivory Coast in the collection of l’Institut Frangais d’Afrique Noire at 
Gorée, Senegal, are very consistent in having a dental formula of 
10—3-—3-10 

13-13 
more or less variation, and Pacific specimens generally tend to have 
fewer lower teeth. The tabulation below gives frequency distributions 
for the number of lower teeth in Jsurus specimens from the Pacific, 
Atlantic-Mediterranean, and Indian Oceans, using Cadenat’s data plus 
my own. This tabulation tends to confirm Cadenat’s view that Pa- 
cific specimens have fewer lower teeth, though a more adequate sample 
of Pacific material is needed to substantiate the view. 

Counts of teeth in one-half of the lower jaw of Isurus oxyrinchus 
are as follows: 


Jaws which Cadenat has seen from other localities show 


Atlantic- Indian 
number of teeth Pacific Mediterranean Ocean total 
10 1 1 
11 2 2 4 
12 7 9 16 
13 5 27 4 36 
14 5 5 
15 1 1 2 
16 1 1 


On the basis of the above discussion, I regard as conspecific all 
short-finned makos presently reported, viz, the 12 nominal species 
listed on page 665; they take the name Jsurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 
1810. 


Isurus Rafinesque, 1810 


Isurus Rafinesque, 1810a, p. 11. [Type species Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 
1810a, by monotypy.] 


For generic synonymy, see Bigelow and Schroeder (1948, p. 123). 


Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 


Short-finned Mako 


Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810a, p. 12, pl. 13. [Sicily.] 

Isurus spallanzani Rafinesque, 1810b, p. 45.  [Sicily.] 

Squalus (Lamna) cepedii Lesson, 1830, p. 93. [Tropical Atlantic.] 
Oxyrhina gomphodon Miller and Henle, 1841, p. 68, pl. 28. [Oceanic.] 








NO. 3537 SHARK GENUS ISURUS—GARRICK 675 


Oxyrhina glauca Miller and Henle, 1841, p. 69, pl. 29. [Japan.] 
Isuropsis dekayi Gill, 1862b, p. 409. [New York.] 

Carcharias tigris Atwood, 1869, p. 268. [Massachusetts.] 
Lamna guenthert Murray, 1884, p. 348. [Kurrachee, India.] 
Lamna huidobrii Philippi, 1887, p. 548, pl. 3. [Chile.] 

Isurus mako Whitley, 1929, p. 101. [New Zealand.] 

Isurus bideni Phillipps, 1932, p. 227, fig. 2. [South Africa.] 
Isurus africanus Smith, 1957, p. 96. [South Africa.] 


STuDY MATERIAL.—Preserved: Mus. Comp. Zool. (Harvard) no. 
37994, male embryo, 605 mm., Bahamas, Cat Cay, 1952, J. M. Olin; 
Univ. Zool. Mus. (Copenhagen) no. PO557, female embryo, 605 mm., 
Japan, Nagasaki, 1911, D. S. Jordan; Mus. Comp. Zool. (Harvard) 
no. 1039, male, 682 mm., Japan, Jan. 17, 1903, A. Owston; Univ. 
Michigan Mus. Zool. no. 94726, male, 705 mm., California, San 
Pedro market, 1931, L. A. Walford; Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. no. 
62-386, male, 745 mm., Mexico, Baja California, between Guadalupe 
Island and mainland, June 1962, S. Kato; Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. 
no. 50-240, male, about 775 mm., California, San Diego, about 14 
mi. W. of Point La Jolla, Nov. 17, 1950, B. Evernham; Univ. Michi- 
gan Mus. Zool. no. 177116, female, 842 mm., Japan, Suruga Bay, 
near Shimizu, July 1, 1929, C. L. Hubbs et al; Mus. Comp. Zool. 
(Harvard) no. 35071, male, 847 mm., Japan, Tokyo market, January 
1939; Dominion Mus. (New Zealand) no. 2945, female, 871 mm., 
New Zealand, Bay of Islands, March 1960, J. Moreland; Scripps 
Inst. Oceanogr. no. 59-372, male, 1,340 mm., California, La Jolla, 
Noy. 5, 1959; Univ. California, Los Angeles no. 60-202, female, 
1,365 mm., California, Palos Verdes, June 17, 1960; Dominion Mus. 
(New Zealand) no. 2178, male, 1,390 mm., New Zealand, Bay of 
Islands, March 1957; Dominion Mus. (New Zealand) no. 3014, 
female, 1,438 mm., New Zealand, North Cape, Feb. 28, 1955, P. 
Sheehan; U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 197706, female, 2,000 mm., eastern 
North Atlantic, west of the Azores, May 5, 1963, B. B. Collette; 
Dominion Mus. (New Zealand) no. 1279, male, 2,240 mm., New 
Zealand, Paraparaumu, Apr. 22, 1958, A. S. Henderson. 

Type material of two of the nominal species recognized here as 
synonyms of J. oryrinchus was examined. This material included 
the jaws of the 2,540 mm. male holotype of J. africanus at Rhodes 
University (Grahamstown, South Africa) and the lectotype and two 
paratypes of J. glaucus at the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie 
(Leiden). The types of J. glauwcus are mounted skins, from Japan 
(not Java as stated by Miller and Henle, 1841), collected by D. W. 
Burger, and are as follows: no. 2529, lectotype, male, about 1,020 
mm.; nos. 2533 and 2587, paratypes, males, about 750 mm. and 660 
mm., respectively. 

219-935—67——2 


676 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Jaws of additional specimens were examined from the collections 
of the above-mentioned institutions and from others including the 
South African Museum (Capetown), the Institut Frangais d’Afrique 
Noire (Gorée, Senegal), the American Museum of Natural History 
(New York), and the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco). 

Discarded after measurement and examination: Two males, 1,050 
mm. and 2,535 mm., and one female, 2,642 mm. from New Zealand; 
one female, 1,920 mm., from off Cape Peninsula, South Africa. 

Draenosis.—An Isurus with short to moderately long pectoral fins, 
always shorter than length of head (pectoral fin length usually less 
than 70 percent of head length but up to 84 percent in very large 
specimens) ; with underside of snout and around mouth white in color; 
and with first tooth on each side of symphysis in both jaws having 
an incomplete cutting edge on its lateral margin (cutting edge ex- 
tending only part way from tip of cusp toward base) except in very 
large specimens, 2,500 mm. long or more, where the cutting edge 
approaches or reaches the base. 









0 20 
SOnm » 100 mrmn Omi 200mm 


© gloucus” “oxyrinchus” tigris 
Tce A a 
50mm 200mm 


Ficure 6.—Isurus oxyrinchus: a, Dom. Mus. (New Zealand) 3014, female, 1438 mm., New 
Zealand. First dorsal fins showing change in shape and proportions with growth: b, Mus. 
Comp. Zool. (Harvard) 37994, embryo, male, 605 mm., Bahamas; c, Dom. Mus. (New 
Zealand) 2945, female, 871 mm., New Zealand; d, specimen in fig. a above; ¢, male, 2535 
mm, New Zealand; f, female, 3,200 mm., New Zealand (drawn from cast in Auckland 
Museum). (Names in quotation marks are nominal species to which the specimens pre- 
viously would have been referred according to their fin shapes and proportions.) 


Description.—For extensive descriptions of this species see Bige- 
low and Schroeder (1948, p. 124) and Smith (1953, p. 977; 1957, 
p. 94; 1958, p. 134), variously under the names J. oryrinchus, I. 
glaucus, and J. tigris. 

Table 2 gives the proportional dimensions of five specimens of 
I. oxyrinchus for comparison with those of the long-finned species. 
Vertebral counts and data for specimens of J. oxyrinchus do not show 


NO. 3537 SHARK GENUS ISURUS—GARRICK 677 


any significant difference from those of the long-finned species but 
are given below for comparison: 


Tsurus oxyrinchus number of vertebrae 
specimen locality precaudal? caudal total 
Mus. Comp. Zool. (Har- Bahamas 110 80 190 
vard) 
37994 
Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool. Japan 108 79 187 
177116 
Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. California 112 80 192 
50-240 
Data from J. G. Casey on New York-New 109-110 80-81 190-191 
three specimens Jersey 
U.S. Nat. Mus. South Africa TEL 79 190 
197686 


Centra very regular along entire vertebral column. Centrum diam- 
eter much greater than centrum length even in longest mono- 
spondylous centra at posterior region of abdomen. Diplospondyly 
occurs over anterior third to middle of pelvic base. 

Length 
Diameter 
Length of penultimate monospondylous centrum 
Length of first diplospondylous centrum 


of penultimate monospondylous centrum=0.46 to 0.55. 


=1.14 to 1.24. 


Isurus alatus, new species ® 


Long-finned Mako 


Tsurus glaucus.—Strasburg (in part), 1958, p. 357. [Central Pacific.] 
Isurus oxyrhynchus.—Fourmanoir (in part), 1961, p. 79. [Madagascar.] 

Stupy Mareriau.—Holotype: U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 197427, male, 
1,233 mm., from the tropical Indian or Pacific Oceans, collected during 
1962 by a Japanese long-liner, and supplied by T. Abe. 

Paratypes: U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 197429, female, 1,372 mm., same 
data as holotype; U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 197435, mature male, incomplete, 
lacking caudal fin and first dorsal fin, 1,720 mm. long from snout tip 
to just in front of precaudal pits, same data as holotype. 

SuPPLEMENTARY Marertau.—vU.S. Nat. Mus. no. 196024, jaws, 
skin sample, photographs and measurements of male, 1,251 mm., 
from equatorial Pacific between 150° W. and 170° W., May 38, 1953, 
USFWS, Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations (MV John R. Man- 
ning, Cruise 15, Station 2); U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 196039, jaws, photo- 
eraphs, and measurements of male, 1,801 mm., from equatorial 


7Precaudal centra include all complete centra anterior to a vertical through 
the forward margin of the upper precaudal pit. 

8 As mentioned in footnote 3, Guitart Manday (1966) has recently described 
this species under the name J. paucus, which, therefore, has priority. 


678 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Pacific between 150° W. and 160° W., Aug. 26, 1953, USFWS, Pacific 
Oceanic Fishery Investigations (MV John R. Manning, Cruise 16, 
Station 29); also measurements of male, 2,150 mm., from Pacific, 
north of Hawaiian Islands, between 22° N. and 47° N., and 159° W. 
and 177° W., Sept. 19, 1954, USFWS, Pacific Oceanic Fishery In- 
vestigations (MV John R. Manning, Cruise 22, Station 7). 

Diaenosis.—An Jsurus with very long pectoral fins equal in length 
to head; with at least some dusky coloration on underside of snout 
and around mouth; and with first tooth on each side of symphysis in 
both jaws having a complete cutting edge (from tip of cusp to base) 
on its lateral as well as on its medial margin. 

Comparison.—The very long pectoral fins of J. alatus readily dis- 
tinguish this species from J. oxyrinchus. As can be seen in figure 1, the 
pectoral fins of J. alatus are equal to the head length, whereas in J. 
oxyrinchus they are not more than about 70 percent of the head length 
over most of the size range of specimens examined. Only in specimens 
of I. oxyrinchus of 2,400 mm. long or longer do the pectorals exceed 70 
percent of the head length, and the highest value I have is 84 percent 
in a New Zealand specimen 2,642 mm. long. 

Comparison of pectoral length as a percentage of total length relative 
to total length (fig.2) again indicates a clear-cut separation of J. alatus 
and I. oxyrinchus. However, the relative increase in pectoral length 
with growth in specimens of J. oxyrinchus of 1,200 mm. long and longer 
does mean that the largest adults of I. oxyrinchus approximate, but do 
not overlap, J. alatus. Information is desirable on larger specimens of 
I. alatus to indicate whether it shows a comparable relative increase in 
its pectoral length with growth. The apparent relative decrease in 
pectoral fin length which my data (fig. 2) show for specimens of J. 
oryrinchus from birth size to about 1,000 mm. is, if valid, another in- 
teresting example of the variation in growth-change patterns in sharks. 

As well as its longer pectoral fins, J. alatus has longer pelvic fins than 
I. oxyrinchus (figs. 6, 7; table 2). In J. alatus the anterior margin of 
the pelvic fin is equal to or only slightly shorter than the distal mar- 
gin, whereas in I. oxyrinchus the anterior margin is noticeably shorter. 

The dusky coloration on the underside of the snout of J. alatus con- 
trasts strongly with the immaculate whiteness of this region in J. 
oryrinchus. The duskiness increases with growth—hence the smallest 
specimens of J. alatus only have duskiness fringing the underside of the 
snout tip and around the mouth. In the largest specimen the duski- 
ness is not only more extensive under the snout but is darker. 

Several differences can be noted between the teeth of J. alatus and 
I. oxyrinchus. Those of J. alatus have noticeably broader cusps, are 
less flexuous, and less oblique (pls. 1, 2; figs. 8,9). The first upper and 
lower teeth of J. alatus have on their lateral margins a cutting edge 


NO. 3537 SHARK GENUS ISURUS—GARRICK 679 


which extends from the tip of the cusp to the base. The medial mar- 
gins are similarly armed. ‘The first tooth is therefore similar to the 
second tooth. In J. ozyrinchus (excepting largest adults) the first 
tooth in each jaw does not have a complete cutting edge on its lateral 
margin. It is therefore dissimilar from the second tooth, particularly 
in the upper jaw. The cutting edge on the lateral margin of the first 
tooth is present at the tip of the cusp but extends only part way to the 
base. The relative length of this cutting edge varies with growth. In juve- 
niles the cutting edge may be only one-third or less of the length of the 
cusp, but in subadults and larger specimens it will commonly extend 
along two-thirds of the cusp. In large adults of 2,500 mm. or more 
the cutting edge approaches or reaches the base—when the distinction 
between J. alatus and I. oxzyrinchus on this character disappears. The 
same can be said of tooth shape in large adults of J. oxyrinchus where 
the teeth are less flexuous and proportionately broader than those of 
smaller specimens—thus the teeth of large adults of I. oxyrinchus are 
like those of J. alatus. 





Ficure 7.—Isurus alatus, new species: a, b, holotype, USNM 197427, male, 1233 mm., 
tropical Pacific or Indian Oceans. 


Another difference between the teeth of the two species is in the 
position and shape of the third upper tooth. In J. alatus the third 
upper tooth is below the lateral margin of the palatine process of the 
palatopterygoquadrate cartilage and is only slightly oblique in shape 
(pl. 1). In J. oxyrinchus the third upper tooth is more medial in 
position, usually below the upper two-thirds of the lateral margin of 
the palatine process, and the tooth itself is more asymmetrical and 
oblique in shape. 


680 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


The difference between the species in the shape of the tail, especially 
in the relative prominence of the terminal lobe of the dorsal lobe and 
the subterminal notch (figs. 6, 7), may not be so evident in large 
specimens. Usually the terminal lobe becomes smaller and less con- 
spicuous with growth. If this is so in J. alatus, then adults of J. 
alatus should show a condition more like that of J. oxyrinchus. 

The relative slenderness of J. alatus is difficult to evaluate because 
my material is in poor condition. However, my interpretation of J. 
alatus as a slender species compared with I. ozyrinchus is supported 
by Fourmanoir’s data (1961, pp. 17, 79) which give the weight of a 
2,180 mm. specimen, apparently J. alatus, as 70 kilograms, whereas 
two specimens of J. oxyrinchus of 2,580 mm. weighed 150 and 200 
kilograms. Bigelow and Schroeder (1948, p. 128) give the weight of 
an 1,830 mm. C. oxyrinchus as 61 kilograms, and a 2,340 mm. specimen 
as 104 kilograms. 





UN NG Jee 


I> Parades ZONE 
BAYT AIG SES 


Ficure 8.—Isurus alatus, new species, USNM 196039, male, 1801 mm., central Pacific: a, b, 
upper and lower teeth, right side; c, d, first upper tooth, right side, anterior and lateral 
views, showing complete cutting edge on lateral margin. 


One further difference between the two species is in the size of the 
eye, that of J. alatus being slightly larger at all sizes than that of J. 
oxyrinchus. 

Judging by the photographs of two central Pacific specimens (pls. 3,4), 
the first dorsal fin of J. alatus changes in shape and proportions with 
growth in a manner comparable to that of I. oxyrinchus. 

Description.—Based mostly on the 1,233 mm. holotype and the 
1,372 mm. paratype. 

For proportional dimensions in percent of total length, see table 2. 


NO. 3537 SHARK GENUS ISURUS—GARRICK 681 


Trunk slender, its height at pectoral origin about one-seventh of 
its length to subcaudal origin. Caudal peduncle notably flattened 
dorsoventrally, and expanded laterally to form a sharp-edged hori- 
zontal keel along midlevel of each side; anteriorly the keels become 
inconspicuous a little behind tips of pelvic fins, while posteriorly they 
extend onto anterior part of caudal fin. Lateral line not prominent. 
Upper and lower precaudal pits strongly developed, their anterior 
margins transverse and sharply defined. 

Dermal denticles small, close packed, overlapping, circular in out- 
line, each with three longitudinal ridges and three posterior marginal 
teeth, the latter relatively Jarger in denticles of smaller specimens, 
median tooth always longer than lateral teeth. 

Head long, its length to fifth gill opening one-quarter of total length, 
its greatest width 2.2 to 2.1 in its length. Snout sharply pointed, 
conical, slightly depressed dorsally, its length to eye 4.2 to 4.3 in 
head. Prenarial length equal to internarial distance and 1.4 to 1.5 
in preoral length. Eye large, circular, its diameter 2.8 to 3.1 in snout, 
its anterior margin slightly behind front of mouth. Nostrils almost 
transverse, small, their anterior margins with a low pointed lobe. 
Mouth large, rather long, upper lip broadly arched at front, lower lip 
not meeting upper even when mouth is closed; width of mouth 1.2 in 
its length. Labial furrows long, upper more than one-third length of 
mouth, lower about two-thirds as long as upper. Gill openings very 
large, their vertical lengths extending almost two-thirds of depth of 
body at same region; lower end of fifth gill opening extends beneath 
and slightly behind pectoral fin origin. 

Teeth ee . a - iS , similar in upper and lower jaws, unicusped, 
narrowly triangular, smooth edged, with complete cutting edges on 
their lateral and medial margins; first two teeth on each side of sym- 
physis in both jaws noticeably longer than others; those in upper jaw 
closely followed by a very much smaller third tooth, and the latter by 
a distinct gap before larger lateral teeth begin; first two upper teeth 
slightly oblique to curved in outline; in side view these first two upper 
teeth are virtually straight except for their tips which curve outward; 
lateral teeth oblique in outline, and progressively smaller toward 
angles of jaws. In lower jaw the third tooth smaller than first two 
teeth but at least as large as fourth, and the gap between third and 
fourth teeth not greater than that between fourth and fifth; first lower 
tooth distinctly narrower than second; first two lower teeth weakly 
flexuous in outline; in side view the first two lower teeth are curved in- 
ward except for their tips which are reverse curved like those of upper 
teeth; lateral teeth oblique and diminishing in size toward angles of 
jaws. Two or three rows of teeth functional at center of mouth in both 
jaws, one or two rows along sides. 


682 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


First dorsal fin fairly large, its height 1.1 to 1.2 times its base, and 
1.2 in distance from posterior margin of eye to first gill opening; 
length of rear tip of first dorsal 3.7 to 3.6 in first dorsal height; apex 
of first dorsal moderately rounded, anterior margin weakly convex, 
distal margin more strongly convex along its upper two-thirds but 
concave below; origin of first dorsal varying from well behind to 
almost above posterior (inner) corner of pectoral fin; rear tip of first 
dorsal anterior to pelvic fin origin by a distance of about 1% times 
length of pelvic base. Second dorsal fin very small, short based but 
with a rather long rear tip; height of second dorsal 1.2 to 1.0 times 
its base, and one-tenth to one-ninth of height of first dorsal; length 


Yyr 





Ficure 9.—Isurus oxyrinchus, Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., 54-140, Baja Calif.: a, b, upper and 
lower teeth, right side; ¢, d, first upper tooth, right side, anterior and lateral views, showing 
incomplete cutting edge on lateral margin. (The jaw from which these teeth were drawn 
is of comparable size to that of J. alatus in figure 8.) 


of rear tip almost twice second dorsal height ; origin of second dorsal 
well anterior to anal origin. Caudal fin somewhat lunate in outline, 
ventral lobe shorter than dorsal lobe, terminal lobe strongly developed; 
length of ventral lobe 1.5 to 1.4 in dorsal lobe; length of terminal 
lobe measured from tip of dorsal lobe to base of subterminal] notch 
4.2 to 4.4 in dorsal lobe. Anal fin similar in shape to second dorsal 
fin but slightly larger; origin of anal fin slightly behind or just below 
posterior end of second dorsal base. Pelvic fins moderately large, 
anterior margins equal to or a little longer than bases, and only 
slightly shorter than distal margins; length of pelvic base 1.7 to 1.9 
in first dorsal base. Pectoral fins remarkably long, only slightly 


NO. 3537 SHARK GENUS ISURUS—GARRICK 683 


tapered, anterior (outer) corners moderately rounded; length of 
anterior margin of pectoral slightly greater than head length measured 
from tip of snout to most anterior part of fifth gill opening; when 
adpressed to side of body with anterior pectoral margin horizontal, 
anterior (outer) pectoral corner reaches about 90 percent of distance 
from pectoral origin to pelvic origin. 

Cotor.—Grayish black above, white below; underside of snout 
and around mouth at least partly dusky, more so in largest specimen; 
dorsal fins and both lobes of caudal fin dusky black; pectoral fin 
dusky black above except for a translucent to white area at posterior 
(inner) corner; underside of pectoral fin white but with a narrow 
dusky band along anterior margin, and a broader dusky-black edging 
to anterior (outer) corner and outer half of distal margin; pectoral fin 
in largest specimen, in addition, with some black mottlings under- 
neath; pelvic fin dusky black on anterior half of upper surface, white 
posteriorly and below except in largest specimen in which underside 
is partly black mottled; anal fin in holotype white, with a dusky-black 
blotch anteriorly; anal fins in paratypes with more dusky-black 
coloration, only distal margins remaining more or less white. 

VERTEBRAE.—Vertebral counts as in table 2. Centra very regular 
over entire length of vertebral column. Centrum diameter con- 
siderably greater than centrum length, even in longest monospondy- 
lous centra at posterior region of abdomen. Diplospondyly occurs 
above anterior third to middle of pelvic base. 


Length 


Ta nen of penultimate monospondylous centrum=0.63 to 0.67 


Length of penultimate monospondylous centrum = 98 th 1.30 
Length of first diplospondylous centrum rr ; 


Discusston.—The specific name of J. alatus is the Latin adjective 
alatus=winged, and is given in reference to the extremely long 
pectoral fins of this species. 

In view of the wide distribution of the few known specimens of 
I. alatus (central Pacific to Indian Ocean), it is rather surprising that 
the species has not been recognized before. The chief reason for this 
may be that it is a truly oceanic species, not coming inshore as does 
I. oxyrinchus. If this is the case, it is understandable that it has not 
been taken during routine oceanographic explorations, few of which 
have been equipped to catch fishes as large as isurid sharks. The 
comparatively recent discovery of the abundance of other oceanic 
sharks such as Carcharhinus falciformis and C. longimanus in the 
western North Atlantic is a parallel situation. The larger eyes of 
I. alatus suggest the possibility that it lives in rather deeper water than 
I. oxyrinchus. 


684 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Addendum 


Accounts of the following two species have appeared since the 
present revision was prepared. 

Isurus paucus Guitart Manday, 1966, was proposed as a new 
name for Lamna punctata of De Kay (1842) but was based on 3 adult 
specimens (female 2,450 mm. t.l.; male 2,030 mm., and female 2,260 
mm. long from snout tip to precaudal pit) from Cuba. The measure- 
ments, description, and discussion of the Cuban specimens in Guitart 
Manday’s account leave no doubt that his paucus is conspecific 
with my alatus described here on p. 677. In consequence, alatus 
becomes a junior synonym of paucus. Guitart Manday’s proposal, 
however, that paucus is the same species as De Kay’s punctata is 
open to question although whatever the answer, it will not affect 
nomenclature. 

Lamiostoma belyaevi Gliickman, 1964, was described on dental 
characteristics from material taken in deep water in the Pacific. 
Glickman (1964, p. 105) designated belyaevi as type species of a 
new genus Lamiostoma, which he placed in a new family, Lamio- 
stomatidae. He diagnosed the Lamiostomatidae as having more 
than 3 and up to 8 functional teeth in the first series on each side 
of the symphysis of the jaw, whereas in his family Isuridae there 
are only 1 to 3 functional teeth. Gliickman’s illustrations of belyaevi 
(fig. 31, a photograph of the anterolateral aspect of a dried, mounted 
specimen; fig. 32, a photograph of the lower jaw, possibly of the same 
specimen as in fig. 31; and pl. 31, figs. 13, 14, 18, and 19, photographs 
of individual teeth) strongly suggest that he had an Jsurus and that 
the high number of apparently functional teeth was due to exposure 
of the replacement teeth behind those normally functional (this 
could well be due to removal of the inner labial membrane surrounding 
the replacement teeth when the specimen was prepared for mounting). 
Figure 31 also suggests that belyaevi has notably long pectoral fins 
and is dark colored or dusky under the snout and head—features 
characteristic of J. paucus. Evaluation of the status of belyaevi, 
however, cannot proceed until more information is available, par- 
ticularly on its proportional dimensions, its teeth, and its color. 








NO. 3537 SHARK GENUS ISURUS—GARRICK 685 


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1953. The shark, Iswrus oxyrinchus, in South African waters. Nature, vol. 
171, p. 977, figs. 1-2. 

1957. Sharks of the genus Jsurus Rafinesque, 1810. Rhodes Univ. Ichthyol. 
Bull., no. 6, pp. 91-96, 1 pl., 1 text-fig. 

1958 Sharks of the genus Pterolamiops Springer, 1951 with notes on isurid 
sharks. Rhodes Univ. Ichthyol. Bull., no. 10, pp. 131-134, 1 pl., 
2 text-figs. 

StraspurG, D. J. 

1958. Distribution, abundance, and habits of pelagic sharks in the central 
Pacific Ocean. U.S. Fish Wildlife Serv. Fish. Bull., no. 138, vol. 58, 
pp. 335-361, 20 text-figs. 

ToRTONESE, E. 

1956. Leptocardia, Ciclostomata, Selachii. Fauna d’Italia, vol. 2, viii 

+ 334 pp., 163 text-figs. 
Waits, E. R. 

1921. Catalogue of the fishes of South Australia. Rec.S. Australian Mus., 

vol. 2, pt. 1, pp. 1-208, 1 col. pl., 332 text-figs. 
Wait ey, G. P. 

1929. Studies in ichthyology,3. Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 17, pp. 101-142, 
pls. 30-34, 5 text-figs. 

1931. Studies in ichthyology,5. Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 18, pp. 138-160, 
pls. 20-21, 2 text-figs. 

1940. The fishes of Australia, pt. 1, 280 pp., 303 text-figs. 


SHARK GENUS ISURUS—GARRICK 687 


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688 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 








VOL. 118 
TABLE 2.—Proportional dimensions in percent of total length 
#705 mm, 21438 21920 22000 
California (847mm. mm. New mm.! South mm. W. of 
Tsurus oryrinchus UMM Japan Zealand Africa Azores 
94726 MCZ 35071 Dom. M. USNM USNM 
3014 197686 197706 
Snout tip to 
outer nostrils 4.8 4.1 3.8 4.7 3.9 
eye 7.8 6.8 6.6 6.8 6.2 
mouth 6.9 5.3 5.9 6.0 5.0 
Ist gill opening 22.5 19.7 18.4 19.8 19.6 
3rd gill opening 25.7 24.4 23.4 23.8 23.4 
5th gill opening 28.1 26.2 25.7 25.4 25.3 
pectoral origin 28.1 26.2 25.7 25.4 25.3 
pelvic origin 55.7 57.2 57.4 57.2 55.1 
1st dorsal origin 37.4 38.0 38.7 36.7 34.7 
2nd dorsal origin 70.2 71.6 72.3 71.8 69.2 
anal fin origin 71.2 72.4 72.8 72.4 70.8 
upper caudal origin 80.1 81.8 83.2 81.6 79.2 
lower caudal origin (9.7 81.8 83.3 81.8 79.1 
Nostrils 
distance between inner corners 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 
Mouth 
width Go 7.0 Cad 6.5 6.5 
length dak 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.8 
Gill-opening lengths 
Ist 8.2 7.4 8.1 7.3 7.4 
3rd dedi 6.7 7.8 fell 7.0 
5th 7.9 tok 7.5 7.3 7.5 
Eye 
horizontal diameter 2.6 2.2 io 1.6 1.5 
Ist dorsal fin 
length of base 9.2 8.9 8.5 9.9 9.1 
posterior margin Le, 1.8 2.2 1.9 2.1 
height 7.9 7.3 8.1 10.2 9.9 
2nd dorsal fin 
length of base de 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 
posterior margin 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 
height 1.4 1.2 Ted 1.3 1.2 
Anal fin 
length of base 3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 
posterior margin 2.3 2.4 Ze 2.3 2.2 
height 1.6 1,3 1.2 1.5 1.5 
Pectoral fin 
length of base 6.9 6.7 6.7 7.2 6.9 
anterior margin 18.4 17.0 16.4 17.4 17.6 
distal margin 13.7 13.4 14.8 14.8 14.6 
Pelvie fin 
length of base 5.8 4.7 5.3 5.9 5.6 
anterior margin 5.0 4.5 3.8 4.5 4.3 
distal margin 5.7 5.3 5.8 6.0 6.0 
length of claspers 3.0 2.6 a = a 


See footnotes at end of table. 





NO. 3537 SHARK GENUS ISURUS—GARRICK 689 


TaBLe 2.—Proportional dimensions in percent of total length—Continued 














#705 mm. 91438 91920 22000 
California _o'847mm. mm. New mm.! South mm. W. of 
Tsurus oxyrinchus UMMZ Japan Zealand Africa Azores 
94726 MCZ35071 Dom.M. USNM  USNM 
3014 197686 197706 
Caudal fin 
length dorsal lobe 21.8 19.6 20.5 20.6 20.8 
length ventral lobe 15.7 14.9 16.0 16.1 17.6 
Trunk at pectoral origin 
width 12.9 11.0 12:5 —- 11.0 
height 15.3 13.0 12.9 — 11.6 
13-13 13-13 13-13 
Dental formula 13213 — i515 — 72213 
Total vertebrae — —_— — 190 — 
Precaudal vertebrae = — — 111 — 
Caudal vertebrae _ — — 79 — 
711233 71251 91372 #1801 72150 
mm. Indo- mm.? Cen- mm. Indo- mm.? Cen- mm.? Cen- 
Tsurus alatus, new species Pacific tral Pacific Pacific tral Pacific tral Pacific 
USNM USNM USNM 
197427 196024 197429 196039 
Snout tip to 
outer nostrils 4.3 5.4 4.4 Bae 5.0 
eye 6.1 — 6.0 — — 
mouth 6.2 7.2 6.4 6.8 6.7 
1st gill opening 19.7 — 19.7 — —_ 
3rd gill opening 23.1 —_— 23.6 — — 
5th gill opening 25.4 ae 25.5 — aa 
pectoral origin 25.4 25.6 25.5 23.5 24.9 
pelvic origin 55.1 55.3 55.7 53.9 56.6 
1st dorsal origin 36.5 38.2 37.2 36.9 38.6 
2nd dorsal origin 69.4 70.3 68.9 70.2 71.3 
anal fin origin 70.7 — 69.6 _— — 
upper caudal origin 78.7 779 78.8 79.5 79.9 
lower caudal origin 78.3 — 78.6 oar ca 
Nostrils 
distance between inner corners 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.1 
Mouth 
width 7.9 7.9 7.4 7.9 6.8 
length 6.4 5.4 6.2 6.0 6.1 
Gill-opening lengths 
Ist 7.9 Gel: 6.7 7.6 6.5 
3rd 7.4 io 6.6 1.2 6.3 
5th 7.0 7.3 7.3 1.3 to 
Eye 
horizontal diameter 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.9 
1st dorsal fin 
length of base 8.6 8.8 8.0 8.2 8.7 
posterior margin 2.6 — 2.8 — = 
height 9.6 9.4 9.9 9,7 10.0 


See footnotes at end of table, 


690 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118 


TaBLE 2.—Proportional dimensions in percent of total length—Continued 


1233 01251 21372 01801 o'2150 
mm. Indo- mm.? Cen- mm. Indo- mm.? Cen- mm.? Cen- 
Isurus datus, new species Pacific tral Pacific Pacific tral Pacific tral Pacific 
USNM USNM USNM USNM 


197427 196024 197429 196039 
a eee 


2nd dorsal fin 


length of base 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 

posterior margin 1.9 — LZ, — —_— 

height i! Let 1.0 0.9 0.9 
Anal fin 

length of base 1.1 — 1.2 —_ — 

posterior margin 1.9 —_— 2.0 — — 

height 123 — 1.2 — _— 
Pectoral fin 

length of base 6.3 — 6.0 —_ _ 

anterior margin 26.4 25.1 26.5 24.4 25.0 

distal margin 23.3 _— 23.7 _ — 
Pelvic fin 

length of base 4.9 — 5.1 — _— 

anterior margin 5.4 — 5.2 — = 

distal margin 5.4 — 5.7 — —_— 

length of claspers 2.8 — _— — — 
Caudal fin 

length dorsal lobe 22.0 22.1 22.0 20.5 20.1 

length ventral lobe 15.0 15.9 15.5 16.8 15.2 
Trunk at pectoral origin 

width 10.5 12.5 10.6 11.2 10.9 

height 11.0 12.5 — 13.2 11.8 


13-12 13-12 12-12 13-13 


Dental formula 12 ia = eo 


Total vertebrae 195 — 197 — — 
Precaudal vertebrae 112 — 111 -— —- 
Caudal vertebrae 83 me 86 — oo 


1 Only the jaws of this specimen were preserved. 
? Measurements supplied by Dr. Donald W. Strasburg. Only the jaws of these specimens were preserved. 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 GARRICK—PLATE1 





Isurus alatus, new species, USNM 196039, male, 1801 mm., central Pacific, upper jaw. 


(U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service photo.) 


GARRICK—PLATE 2 


118 


PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 





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PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 


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PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 118 











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INDEX 


(New genera, species, etc., are printed in 7talics. 


Page numbers of principal 


entries also in italics.) 


abatos, Eurytoma, 515 

abdominalis, Centropages, 573 

aberrans, Loandalia, 158, 195, 196 

Abies grandis, 450 

abietis, Scolytus, 450, 520 

abnorme, Eurytome, 456 
Harmolita, 456 
Isosoma, 456 

abnormicornis, Hurytoma, 515 

abnormis, Eurytoma, 456 

abrotani, Chalcis, 439 

absona, Eurytoma acuta, 473 

Acacia species, 49 

Acanthocinini, 215 

Acanthogrubia, 40 
uncinata, 40 

Acanthonychinae, 648 

Acanthonys lunulatus, 649, 650 (fig.) 
petiverii, 649, 650 (fig.) 
sanctaehelenae, 648, 649 (fig.), 650 

(fig.), 654, 655 

acanthus, Squalus, 124, 136 

Acartia, 573 
bifilosa, 573 
clausi, 573 
longiremis, 573 

Acartia spp., 572 (table) 

achroma, Neobrotica, 

(fig.), 270 

Achryson surinamum, 2/1 

Achrysonini, 211 

Aciurina, 489, 518 

Acraspis, 506 
derivatus, 505, 521 
erinacei, 479, 505, 517, 521 
gemmula, 505, 521 
guadaloupensis, 477, 520 
hirta, 479, 505, 521 
macrocarpae, 505, 521 
ozark, 505, 521 


235, 242, 264 


256—261—67—_2 


Acraspis—Continued 
pezomachoides, 479, 505, 506, 517, 
521 
villosa, 505, 521 
Acrobasis rubrifasciella, 497, 520 
Actaea margaritaria, 637, 654 
(Actaea) margaritaria, 637 
rupellii, 637 
Actaea, subgenus, 636 
aculeatus, Leperisinus, 452, 519 
acuta, Eurytoma, 445, 470, 472, 490, 
517, 541 (map) 
Eurytoma acuta, 473 
acutifrons, Furnaricola, 406, 408, 418, 431 
Furnaricola acutifrons, 408, 418, 
427 (fig.), 432 (fig.) 
additionalis, Neobrotica comma ssp., 
310 
adenophorum, Eupatorium, 276 
aequinoctialis, Scyllarides, 632 
Aetobatus narinari, 124 
affinis, Eurytemora, 565 
Scytalopus magellanicus, 406, 422, 
430 
africana, Ampithoe, 3 
africanus, Isurus, 664, 665, 667, 668, 669, 
670, 673, 675, 687 
Isurus tigris, 673 
Agave lechuguilla, 54 
Agropyron, 458 
repens, 464, 519 
Agropyron sp., 519 
Agrostis alba, 465, 518 
alarum, Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus, 
412 
alatus, Isurus, 667 (fig.), 668 (fig.), 677, 
679 (fig.), 680 (fig.), 684, 689 
(table), 690 (table) 
alba, Agrostis, 465, 518 
Quercus, 479, 505, 506 


691 


692 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 118 


albicollis, Xiphocolaptes albicollis, 410, | Amphithoé—Continued 


426 
albida, Leptocella, 383, 385 
albidus, Leptocerus, 383 
albini, Ancistrosyllis, 165, 191 


stimpsoni, 9 
valida, 34 


Amphitholina, 1 
Amphitoe [sic] mea, 37 


Synelmis, 159, 165, 190, 191, 192} Ampithoe, 1, 5 (figs.), 7, 19 


(fig.), 193 (fig.), 194 (fig.) 
albipes, Eurytoma, 515 
albitarsis, Eurytoma, 515 
albiventris, Platymorpha, 

266 (fig.) 

Porochontes, 253, 266 (fig.) 
alboscutellata, Ataxia, 211 
Albunea, 632 
carabus, 624, 635, 654, 655 
guerinii, 624, 635 
Albuneidae, 635 
Alebion echinatus, 130 (table), 131 (fig.), 
133 (fig.), 134 (fig.), 135 (table) 
gracilis, 136 (table), 137 (fig.), 139 

(fig.), 140 (fig.), 141 (table) 
Allocosmoecus partitus, 377 (fig.), 378 
alluaudi, Ampithoe, 3 
Alpheidae, 627 
Alpheus macrocheles, 627, 628 (fig.), 

654, 655 

paragracilis, 627, 654, 655 
alternatum, Dorcaschema, 453, 518 
altifossa, EKurytoma, 447, 487, 517, 533 

(fig.), 545 (map) 
amazonica, Romanita, 234, 248, 249, 

250, 253, 266 (fig.) 

Ambrosia trifida, 455, 493, 495 
Ambrosia sp., 489, 518 
americana, Eurytemora, 575 

Loandalia, 196, 197 (fig.), 198 (fig.) 
americana, Vicia, 458 
americanus, Brachycentrus, 385 
amicus, Halesus, 382 

Platycentropus, 382 
Amphibolips cookii, 479, 517 

gainsi, 475, 520 

prunus, 475, 520 

spongifica, 479, 506, 517 
Amphipods, 1 
?Amphithoe corallina, 27 
Amphithoé [sic] humeralis, 7 

lacertosa, 9 

lindbergi, 12 

longimana, 15 

macrurus, 9 

pollex, 22 

scitulus, 9 


234, 251, 


africana, 3 

alluaudi, 3 

annenkovae, 2, 19, 20, 34, 37, 39, 40 

australiensis, 2 

brasiliensis, 3 

brevipes, 2, 4 

brevipes-femorata complex, 6 

California species, 6 (key) 

chilensis, 4 

corallina, 30 

dalli, 3 

djankonovi, 3, 4, 12 

eoa, 3, 19, 37, 39, 40 

eoa-mea-annenkovae group, 6 

falklandi, 4 

falsa, 2, 4 

femorata, 2, 4, 12 

femorata-brevipes complex, 6 

folki, 25 

gaudichaudii, 4 

grubiformis, 3 

humeralis, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 (fig.), 9 
(fig.) 

japonica, 3, 12 

kergueleni, 4 

kussakini, 3 

lacertosa, 2, 6, 9, 10 (fig.), 11 (fig.), 
30 

lindbergi, 2, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13 (fig.), 
14 (fig.), 19, 20 

longimana, 4, 7, 15, 16 (fig.) 

marcuzzii, 3 

mea, 3, 4, 7, 19, 34, 37, 39, 40 

megaloprotopus, 4 

mitsukurii, 2, 3, 6 

orientalis, 2, 6, 19, 34, 39 

peregrina, 4 

plea, 2, 4, 6, 7, 15, 17 (fig); 18 
(fig.), 40 

plumulosa, 3, 7, 20, 21 (fig.), 22 
(fig.) 

pollex, 3, 7, 22, 23 (fig.), 24 (fig.), 
30 

ramondi, 3, 7, 25, 26 (fig.), 27 (fig.) 

rubricata, 3 

rubricatoides, 3 

scitula, 2 


INDEX 


Amphithoé—Continued 
senegalensis, 3 
shimizuensis, 34 
simulans, 3, 7, 27, 28 (fig.), 29 
(fig.) 
stimpsoni, 12 
tarasovi, 2, 6 
tea, 3, 4, 7, 30, 31 (fig.), 32 (fig.), 
33 (fig.), 37, 40 
vaillanti, 25 
VaAlidasros GO) 1, ole coyewao™ dig.) 
36 (fig.) 
volki, 3 
world species, 2 (key) 
zachsi, 3 
Ampithoe species, 37, 38 (fig.), 39 (fig.) 
Ampithoidae, 1 
amplicornis, Deuterobrotica, 257, 258, 
265 (fig.) 
Amytidae, 157 
Anabacerthia striaticollis, 417, 431 
anabacerthia, Furnaricola, 409, 417, 418 
(table), 424, 429 (fig.), 431 (fig.) 
Anabates ferruginolentus, 416 
Anabolia curta, 381 
decepta, 380 
Anacrusiini, 583 
Anacrusini, 578 
Anaglyptini, 215 
analis, Neobrotica, 238, 265 (fig.), 268, 
270 
Trichobrotica, 238, 265 (fig.) 
analoga, Pseudatteria, 584, 585 
Ancistrosyllis, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 
161, 164, 165 (key), 172, 177, 195 
albini, 165, 191 
bassi, 165, 181, 186 
breviceps, 159, 165, 166, 168, 169 
(fig.) 
constricta, 165, 181 
falcata, 165, 166 
gorgonensis, 165, 191, 192 
gracilis, 165, 191, 192 
groenlandica, 157, 159, 164, 165, 
166, 167 (fig.) 
hamata, 157, 165, 166, 168, 170 
(fig.), 177 
hanaokai, 165, 181 
hartmanae, 165, 166, 172, 173 (fig.), 
174 (fig.) 
incerta, 178 
jonesi, 159, 165, 166, 173, 175 (fig.), 
176 (fig.) 


693 


Ancistrosyllis—Continued 
klatti, 191 
longicirrata, 155, 165, 199, 200, 201 
(fig.) 
matsunagaensis, 165, 166 
ocellata, 165, 181 
papillosa, 159, 165, 166, 170, 171 
(fig.) 
parva, 165, 181 
pilargiformis, 165, 177 
quellina, 165, 166 
rigida, 158, 165, 191, 193 
robusta, 165, 181 
tentaculata, 165, 181, 182 
Ancistargis brevicirris, 178 
papillosus, 158, 164, 170 
Ancylis comptana, 498, 517 
ancylivorus, Macrocentrus, 486, 517 
Andrector, 270, 353 
brasiliensis, 352 
Andricus, 506 
californicus, 466, 518 
cicatricula, 505, 521 
flocci, 479, 505, 517, 521 
foliatus, 479, 517 
ignotus, 479, 505, 517, 521 
lasius, 477, 520 
pattoni, 479, 517 
anemonantha, Pseudatteria, 618, 619 
angustata, Oxacis, 48, 53, 54 
angustifolia, Vicia, 458 
anisocincta, Neobrotica, 323, 364 (fig.) 
Anisogamus atripennis, 378 
costalis, 380 
disjunctus, 379 
edwardsi, 378 
annandalei, Telehsapia, 158, 159, 195 
annenkovae, Ampithoe, 2, 19, 20, 34, 37, 
39, 40 
Anona, 298 
antennata, Philocasca, 377 (fig.), 379 
antennatus, Stenophylax, 379 
Anthonomus grandis, 494, 495, 519 
Anthosoma crassum, 66, 67 (table), 68 
(fig.), 71 (fig.), 73 (fig.) 
smithii, 66 
Anthosomaticae, 66 
Anthribus cornutus, 457, 519 
antillensis, Enoplometopus, 
654, 655 
antioquénsis, Furnaricola fuliginosa, 416, 
417 (table), 428 (fig.), 429 (fig.) 
antisyphilitica, Euphorbia, 53 


624, 634, 


694 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 118 


antitypa, Falculina, 392, 393, 394, 396, | atripes, Dicosmoecus, 376, 377 (fig.) 


397, 401 (fig.), 402 (fig.) 
Apanteles, 486 
solitarius, 486, 517 
Apatania pictula, 379 
Aphropsyche aprilis, 374 
doringa, 374 
apiculae, Eurytoma, 449, 612, 517 
appendigaster, Eurytoma, 446, 484, 517, 
545 (map) 
Pteromalus, 439, 485 
aprilis, Aphropsyche, 374 
Archipini, 223, 578, 583, 619 
arctica, Eurytemora, 554, 557 (fig.), 
559 (fig.), 561 (fig.), 564, 565, 
566, 567, 568, 569 (table), 570, 
574, 575 
arcticus, Diaptomus, 565, 574 
Arctophila, 554, 564, 565, 566 
Ardeutica, 578, 581 
ardoris, Pseudatteria, 583, 586, 587 
arefacta, Diplolepis, 473, 517 
argentinensis, Eccoptopsis, 
370 (fig.) 
Ariciaca, 157 
armicollis, Magdalis, 457, 500, 518, 519 
Arnett, Ross H., Jr.; Species of Oedeme- 
ridae of the Big Bend region of 
Texas, 47-56 
arrosor, Cancer, 634 
Dardanus, 624, 634, 654, 655 
Pagurus, 624, 634 
ashmeadi, Eurytoma, 515 
assimilis, Limnephilus, 380 
Asterina exigua, 654 
Asynarchus costalis, 380 
curtus, 381 
montanus, 381 
Ataxia alboscutellata, 211 
Ataxiini, 211 
Athripsodes daggyi, 382 
ophioderus, 382 
slossonae, 382 
transversus, 383 
atlanta, Neobrotica, 256 
Deuterobrotica, 256, 265 (fig.) 
atlantica, Harmolita, 464 
Varuna, 624, 646 
atlanticus, Podarmus, 199, 200 
atrilineata, Neobrotica, 257, 287, 301, 
813, 362 (fig.) 
atripennis, Anisogamus, 378 


340, 347, 


Eurytoma, 446, 483, 501, 502, 517, 
544 (map) 
Platyphylax, 376 


attenuatus, Lampromerus(?), 214 


Merostenus, 214 
Atteria, 577, 578, 581, 583, 584, 612 
bickleyi, 613 
cantharopa, 614 
chrysanthema, 594 
flabellata, 603 
fumipennis, 598 
heliocausta, 612, 616 
lydia, 620 
mimica, 606 
pantherina, 597 
purpurea, 613 
rivularis, 607 
splendens, 603 
unciana, 596 
voleanica, 606 
Atteriidae, 578, 579 
atwoodi, Carcharias, 672 
Aulacidea podagrae, 461, 517 
tumida, 461, 517 
aulacis, Eurytoma, 515 
aureoventris, Dicosmoecus, 378 
auriceps, Eurytoma, 434, 446, 466, 478, 
517, 543 (map) 
australiensis, Ampithoe, 2 


baccae, Kurytoma, 448, 497, 517, 533 
(fig.), 547 (map) 

Baccharis helmifolia, 477 

baccheutis, Pseudatteria, 617 

bacchutis, Pseudatteria heliocausta f., 
583, 614 

banksiana, Pinus, 497, 518 

barbara, Oxacis, 48, 54 

Barnard, J. Laurens; Marine Amphi- 
poda of the Family Ampithoidae 
from Southern California, 1-46 

bassi, Ancistrosyllis, 165, 181, 186 

Sigambra, 159, 181, 186, 187 (fig.) 

batatus, Rhabdophaga, 506 

batchawana, Limnephilus, 381 

batis, Raja, 124 

bechynei, Deuterobrotica, 257, 265 (fig.) 

Beetles of the genus Neobrotica and 
some closely related genera, Re- 
view of, 267-371 

bella, Falculina, 393, 398, 401 (fig.), 404 
(map) 


INDEX 


bella— Continued 
Hystiopsis, 326, 332, 334, 366 (fig.) 
Belonocnema treatae, 520 
belyaevi, Lamiostoma, 684 
beniensis, Hystiopsis, 325, 327, 368 (fig.) 
Bephratella, 439 
berkeleyae, Pilargis, 159, 161, 162 (fig.), 
163 (fig.) 
berkeleyi, Pilargis, 161 
bernadettea, Oxacis, 48 
bernhardus, Pegurus, 624, 634 
biannularis, Diabrotica, 277, 278 
Bicolor, 442 
bicolor, Diplolepis, 504, 511, 512, 518, 
519 
Eurytoma, 434, 443, 461, 517, 537 
(map) 
Xanthochroina, 52 
bideni, Isurus, 664, 665, 667, 668, 669, 
670, 673, 675, 687 
biennis, Oenothera, 493 
bifidus, Limnephilus, 380, 381 (fig.) 
bifilosa, Acartia, 573 
bigeloviae, Eurytoma, 446, 482, 517, 
544 (map) 
Trypeta, 482, 517 
Binoculus sexsetaceus, 110 
biplagiata, Trichobrotica, 238 
biunguiculatus, Brachycarpus, 624, 625, 
654 
Palaemon, 625 
Blake, Doris H.; A review of the Beetles 
of the Genus Neobrotica and 
some closely related genera, 267— 
371 
Blake, Doris H., More new Galerucine 
beetles with excised middle tibiae 
in the male, 233-266 
boliviensis, Eccoptopsis, 340, 343, 
(fig.) 
bolteri, Eurytoma, 436, 449, 493, 
506, 509, 518, 550 (map) 
bouvieri, Pseudozius, 625 
bowditchi, Neobrotica, 301, 319, 
(fig.) 
brachialis, Bruchus, 508, 519 
Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, 624, 
654 
Brachycentridae, 385 
Brachycentrus, 374, 385 
americanus, 385 
dimicki, 387 
fuliginosus, 385, 386 
256-261—67——3 


369 


501, 


363 


625, 


695 


Brachycentrus—Continued 
incanus, 384 (fig.), 385, 386 
lateralis, 385, 386 
nigrisoma, 384 (fig.), 385, 386 
notabulus, 386 
numerosus, 385, 386 
brachyptera, Systole, 515 
brachypterum, Eurytoma, 515 
brachyurus, Carcharinus, 81 
Bracon cephi, 483, 517 
bradleyi, Pseudatteria, 583, 587, 605, 
611, 612 
brasiliensis, Ampithoe, 3 
Andrector, 352 
Neobrotica, 270, 352, 353 
Trichobrotica, 233 
brasiliensis, Potomobrotica, 353, 371 (fig.) 
brassicoides, Rhabdophaga, 506 
bredini, Leptostylus, 217 
breviceps, Ancistrosyllis, 159, 165, 166, 
168, 169 (fig.) 
brevicirris, Ancistargis, 178 
Cabira, 177, 178 
brevicomis, Dendroctomus, 456, 518 
brevipennis, Psychronia, 379, 381 (fig.) 
Psylopteryx, 379 
brevipes, Ampithoe, 2, 4 
brevipes-femorata complex, Ampithoe, 6 
Brevipetiolata, 441 
Group B, 443 


brevivena, Eurytoma, 446, 480, 518, 
543 (map) 

bromi, Eurytoma, 436, 444, 463, 518, 
538 (map) 


Harmolita, 463 
Isosoma, 463 
Bromus ciliatus, 463, 518 
Bruchophagus, 516 
herrerae, 491 
Bruchus brachialis, 508, 519 
bryanti, Hystiopsis, 325, 331, 336, 365 
(fig.) 
buckleya, Atteria, 613 
Pseudatteria, 584, 585, 613 
Bugbee, Robert E., Revision of Chalcid 
wasps of genus Eurytoma, in 
America north of Mexico, 433-552 
buoliana, Rhyacionia, 497, 520 


cabanisi, Synallaxis, 428 
Synallaxis cabanisi, 419 
Cabira, 156, 157, 159, 160, 165, 177, 178 
(key) 


696 


Cabira— Continued 
brevicirris, 177, 178 
capensis, 177, 178 
incerta, “L560 157," 1592" 177;0 178, 
179 (fig.), 180 (fig.) 
pilargiformis, 177, 178 
Calanus finmarchicus, 573 
Calanoid copepod sp., 572 (table) 
Calappa gallus, 636, 654, 655 
Calappidae, 636 
Calappinae, 636 
calearea, Eurytoma, 449, 511, 518, 551 
(map) 
californica, Diplectrona, 374, 375 (fig.) 
Eurytoma, 444, 466, 477, 518, 539 
(map) 
californicus, Andricus, 466, 518 
Caligoida, 60 
Caligus crassus, 66 
heptapus, 110 
imbricatus, 66 
paradoxus, 110 
smithii, 66 
Callachna, 489, 518 
gibba, 514, 518 
Callidiopini, 214 
Callidium flavum, 212 
4-maculatum, 215 
Callirhytes clavula, 505, 521 
elongata, 505, 521 
Callirhy tis lanata, 479, 517 
pomiformis, 466, 518 
seminator, 475, 479, 505, 506, 517, 
520, 521 
calva, Pisa, 653 
calycis, Eurytoma, 448, 496, 518, 547 
(map) 
calypso, Stenophylax, 378 
cana, Oxacis, 49, 54 
canadensis, Ely mus, 464, 519 
Eurytemora, 567, 568, 569 (table), 
O00 DL O02; O10 
canadense, Leptilon, 506 
canae, Furnaricola hylactiphaga, 409, 
422 (table), 430 (fig.), 432 (fig.) 
Cancer arrosor, 634 
carabus, 635 
gallus, 636 
grapsus, 640 
depressus, 647 
canis, Mustelus, 136 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 118 


cantharopa, Atteria, 614 
Pseudatteria, 584, 585, 596, 613, 
614 
Pseudatteria cantharopa, 614, 615 

canus, Scytalopus magellanicus, 406, 
430 

capensis, Cabira, 77, 178 

Loandalia, 178 
carabus, Albunea, 624, 635, 654, 655 
Cancer, 635 

carchariae(?), Pandarus, 81 

carcharias, Carcharodon, 67, 91, 102, 
103, 672 

carcharias?, Carcharidon, 102 

Carcharhinus falciformis, 683 

lamiella, 136 
longimanus, 683 
melanopterus?, 91 
milberti, 91 
obscurus, 91, 136 
platyrhynchus, 136 
Carcharias atwoodi, 672 
littoralis, 67 
taurus, 91, 136 
tigris, 665, 675 
Carcharinus brachyurus, 81 
obscurus, 81 
Carcharodon, 665, 666 
carcharias, 67, 91, 102, 103, 672 | 
carcharias?, 102 
rondeletti, 102 | 

Carex, 554, 564 | 

carinimana, Pisa, 653 

carojina, Hydropsyche, 375 (fig.) | 

Rosa, 460 | 

carolinese, Solanum, 456, 493 

carolinus, Phylocentropus, 
(fig.) 

Carriker, M. A., Jr.; A revision of the 
genus Furnaricola (Mallophaga) 
with descriptions of new species, 
405-432 

cartwrightt, Deinocladus, 260, 264 (fig.) 

Neobrotica, 271, 281, 358 (fig.) 


374, | 
caryae-fallax, Phylloxera, 506 


375 


caryae-globuli, Phylloxera, 506 

castanea, Synallaxis unirufa, 425, 426 

Catolaccus hunteri, 495 

Cattleya sp., 450, 519 

caudatas, Trebius, 123, 125 (table), 126 
(fig.), 128 (fig.), 129 (table) 

caustopis, Falculina, 392, 393, 396, 401 
(fig.), 404 (map) 


INDEX 


eavifrons, Eccoptopsis, 340, 347, 349, 
370 (fig.) 
Neobrotica, 339, 347 
Ceanothus cordulatus, 496, 520 
divericatus, 486, 496, 520 
sanguineus, 496, 520 
thyraiflorus, 496, 520 
velutinus, 496, 520 
celtigalla, Eurytoma, 445, 475, 518, 542 
(map) 
celtiphylla, Phy tophaga, 476, 518 
Celtis laevigata, 476 
mississippiensis, 461, 476 
occidentalis, 461 
reticulata, 461 
Celtis sp., 476 
centromaculata, Platymorpha, 246, 263 
(fig.) 
centromaculatus, Malacorhinus, 246 
Centropages abdominalis, 573 
centroura, Dasyatis, 124 
cepedii, Isurus, 664, 668, 669, 672, 687 
Squalus, 665, 674 
cephalosa, Funaricola, 408, 410, 424 
cephi, Bracon, 483, 517 
Cephus cinctus, 483, 501, 502, 517, 519 
Cerace, 577 
Ceracidae, 577, 578 
Ceracidii, 579 
Ceracini, 578 
Cerambycidae, 209, 210 
Cerambycidae, Description and records 
of West Indian, 209-220 
Cerambycinae, 210 
Cerambyx 4-maculatus, 212 
surinamus, 211 
testaceus, 215 
Ceratina dallatorreana, 512, 517 
nanula, 512, 517 
punctigena, 512, 517 
Cerotoma, 268, 270, 339, 341, 351, 353, 
355 
furcata, 355 
geometrica, 270, 355 
praeclara, 306 
certhia, Dendrocolaptes certhia, 411, 
426 
Furnaricola, 411 (table), 415, 416, 
424, 426 (fig.) 
Furnaricola certhia, 408, 411, 412, 
426 (fig.) 
Certhiaxis cinnamomea fuscifrons, 418, 
429 


697 


chabrus, Plagusia, 648 
Chace, Fenner A., Jr., Decapod crus- 
taceans from St. Helena Island, 
South Atlantic, 623-662 
Chalcidoidea, 437 
chalcidiformis, Eurytoma, 482 
Chalcis abrotani, 439 
Chamaedorea, 277 
Chemsak, John A.; Descriptions and 
records of West Indian Ceramby- 
cidae (Coleoptera), 209-220 
chilensis, Ampithoe, 4 
Chilopsis linearis, 294 
chiroleuca, Gymnocichla chiroleuca, 424 
Gymnocichla nudiceps, 424, 427 
chocoana, Furnaricola acutifrons, 409, 
418, 419, 421 (table), 421, 430 
(fig.), 431 (fig.) 
chrysanthema, Atteria, 594 
Pseudatteria, 583, 587, 593, 594, 
605 
chrysolepis, Quercus, 477 
Chthoneis, 234 
limbella, 253, 266 (fig.) 
chunchotambo, Furnaricola, 409, 423, 
424, 426 (fig.) 
Xiphorhvnchus, 423 
Xiphorhynchus ocellatus, 423, 426 
cicatricula, Andricus, 505, 521 
Cichocolaptes leucophrys, 416, 430 
ciliata, Iva, 455 
ciliatus, Bromus, 463, 518 
cinctus, Cephus, 483, 501, 502, 517, 519 
cinerosa, Disholeaspis, 467, 520 
cingulata, Harpochaeta, 157, 195 
cingulatus, Oncideres, 457, 519 
cladodes, Pseudatteria, 583, 587, 600, 
622 (fig.) 
clara, Eccoptopsis, 340, 344, 369 (fig.) 
clarkei, Pseudomeritastis, 224, 226 
Urgleptes, 218 
clausi, Acartia, 573 
clavula, Callirhytes, 505, 521 
cleri, Eurytoma, 445, 469, 518, 541 
(map) 
Clostoeca disjuncta, 379 
sperryi, 379 
Cnephasiini, 224, 580 
coeruleicapilla, Pipra, 406, 421, 428 
coeruleofasciata, Neobrotica, 272, 278, 
279, 280, 281, 345, 358 (fig.) 


698 


coeruleolineata, Neobrotica, 272, 277, 
282, 284, 307, 330, 356 (fig.) 
Coleophora malivorella, 493, 521 
Coleoptera, 435 
colombiana, Furcaricola certhia, 
411, 412, 426 (fig.) 
colombianus, Dendrocolaptes certhia, 
411, 412 
colombiensis, Neobrotica, 302, 3038, 321, 
322, 363 (fig.) 
coloradensis, Diplolepis 
var., 473 
Leptocella, 383 
colorado, Disholeaspis, 467, 520, 521 
columbiana, Stipa, 458 
comata, Pipra pipra, 406, 421, 422, 428 
comma, Neobrotica, 302, 310, 311, 361 
(fig.) 
composita, Eurytemora, 570, 571, 573 
comptana, Ancylis, 498, 517 
concolor, Limnephilus, 380, 381 (fig.) 
condensatus, Elymus, 464 
conerus, Limnephilus, 381 
confusa, Neobrotica, 279, 358 (fig.) 
conica, Eurytoma, 4438, 453, 454, 456, 
518, 5381 (fig.), 5385 (map) 
consors, Tachypterellus, 503, 513, 518, 
519 
constricta, Ancistrosyllus, 165, 181 
Sigambra, 181 
contractura, Eurytoma, 445, 470, 471, 
518, 531 (fig.), 533 (fig.), 541 
(map) 
cookii, Cremastus, 497, 498, 520 
Amphibolips, 479, 517 
copallina, Rhus, 499, 520 
Copepod crustaceans parasitic on elas- 
mobranch fishes of Hawaiian Is- 
lands, 57-154 
corallina, Ampithoe, 30 
?Amphithoe, 27 
Disholeaspis, 466, 518 
cordigera, Meritastis, 221 
Pseudomeritastis, 224, 229 
Tortrix, 222, 224 
cordulatus, Ceanothus, 496, 520 
cornubica, Lamna, 67, 666, 672, 673 
cornuta, Phyllophora, 96 
Rhabdophaga, 506 
cornutus, Anthribus, 457 
Phyllophorus, 96 


408, 


tuberculator 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 118 


cornutus, —Continued 
Phyllothyreus, 96, 97 (table), 98 
(fig.), 100 (fig.), 101 (fig.), 102 
(table) 
Phyllothreus [sic], 96 
Corvicola, 407, 429 
Corvidae, 407 
corymbosum, Vaccinium, 468 
costalis, Anisogamus, 380 
Asynarchus, 380 
Limnephilus, 380 
costaricensis, Eccoptopsis, 340, 341, 367 
(fig.) 
couardi, Sphyrna, 141 
cranchii, Pandarus, 81, 82 (table), 83 
(fig.), 86 (fig.), 88 (fig.), 89 (fig.), 
90 (table), 91 (table) 
Crangon paragracilis, 627 
Cranioleuca subcristata, 423, 431 
crassa, Eurytoma, 447, 488, 518, 532 
(fig.), 533 (fig.), 545 (map) 
crassineura, Eurytoma, 448, 500, 518, 
548 (map) 
crassipes, Pachygrapsus, 644, 645 (fig.) 
crassum, Anthosoma, 66, 67 (table), 68 
(fig.), 71 (fig.), 73 (fig.) 
crassus, Caligus, 66 
Cremastus cookii, 497, 498, 520 
minor, 486, 517 
Crescentia cujete, 306 
cretheis, Eurytoma, 515 
Crioceris ebraea, 309 
marginalis, 324, 325 
Crioceris, subgenus, 309 
Cronartium fusiforme, 491, 520 
Crustaceans, decapod, distribution 
table, 654 
Cryptocephalus (Crioceris) ebraeus, 309 
crypturus, Nesippus, 116, 117 (table), 
118 (fig.), 120 (fig.), 122 (fig.), 
123 (table), 124 (fig.) 
cujete, Crescentia, 306 
curta, Anabolia, 381 
Curtomerus, 213, 214 
flavus, 212 
subflavus, 213 
curtus, Asynarchus, 381 
Limnephilus, 381 
cuscutoeformis, Diastrophus, 518 
Distrophus, 514 
curvavena, Eurytoma spongiosa, 
cuvier, Galeocerdo, 117, 130 
cyaneus, Planes, 624, 646, 654, 655 


50? 


INDEX 


699 


cyanocosmesa, Eccoptopsis, 340, 346, 347, | Dendroctonus brevicomis, 456, 518 


370 (fig.) 
Cyclops spp., 571 
Cyclotrypema, 271, 354 
furcata, 355, 371 (fig.) 
Cylindera flava, 212 
puberula, 214 
Cylindera(?) puberula, 214 
Cylindrocopturus eatoni, 485, 521 
furnissi, 485, 521 
Cylindrocopturus longulus, 456, 457, 
485, 518, 519, 521 
Cymadusa, 1, 40 
uncinata, 1, 40, 41 (fig.), 42 (fig.), 
43 (fig.) 
Cynipidae, 506 
Cyrtomerus puberulus, 214 


daggyi, Athripsodes, 382 
dallatorreana, Ceratina, 512, 517 
dalli, Ampithoe, 3 
Danielssenia, 574 
Daphnia spp., 571 
Dardaninae, 634 
Dardanus arrosor, 624, 634, 654, 655 
imperator, 624, 634, 654, 655 
Dasyatis centroura, 124 
Decapod crustaceans from St. Helena 
Island, South Atlantic, 623-662 
Decatoma, 439 
maculipes, 454 
decemmaculata, Eburia, 212 
decepta, Anabolia, 380 
decimsignata, Neobrotica, 
297, 360 (fig.) 
decora, Pseudomeritastis, 224, 230 (fig.) 
Deinocladus, 235, 241, 259 
cartwrighti, 260, 264 (fig.) 
fascicollis, 261, 264 (fig.) 
pectinicornis, 259, 261, 264 (fig.) 
dekayi, Isuropsis, 665, 675 
Isurus, 664, 672, 687 
Demoleus heptapus, 1170, 111 (table), 
112 (fig.), 114 (fig.), 115 (fig.), 
116 (table) 
paradoxus, 111 
Dendrocincla fuliginosa fuliginosa, 415 
fuliginosa lafresnayei, 416 
Dendrocolaptes certhia certhia, 411, 426 
certhia colombianus, 411, 412 
certhia hyleorus, 411 
Dendrocolaptidae, 406 


273 (key), 


frontalis, 456, 518 

monticolae, 469, 518 
Dendroplex, 414 

picus, 414 
dentata, Neobrotica, 272, 277, 356 (fig.) 
dentatus, Enoplometopus, 624, 634 

Pandarus, 81 

Phloeosinus, 518 
denticornis, Eccoptopsis, 340, 342, 343, 

344, 369 (fig.) 

Neobrotica, 269, 339, 340, 345 
dentifrons, Phloeotribus, 450, 519 
dentipes, Plagusia, 648 
depressa, Plagusia, 624, 647, 654 
depressus, Cancer, 647 

Sparedrus, 48, 49, 54 
derivatus, Acraspis, 505, 521 
descansonis, Diplolepis tuberculator, 

519 
Diplolepis tuberculatrix, 490 
destructor, Phytophaga, 464, 483, 502, 
517, 519 
Deuterobrotica, 234, 236, 256, 257, 268 
amplicornis, 257, 258, 265 (fig.) 
atlanta, 256, 265 (fig.) 

bechynei, 257, 265 (fig.) 

latifrons, 258, 265 (fig.) 

Dexamine scitulus, 9, 11 
Diabrotica, 234, 240, 259, 268, 300 
amplicornis, 234, 265 (fig.) 

biannularis, 277, 278 

marginalis, 325 

nigroguttata, 308, 309 

nigrolineata, 285 

nigrosignata, 240, 264 (fig.) 

oberthiiri, 267, 284 

oblongoguttata, 309 

oblongonotata, 308 

oblongopunctata, 308 

pectinicornis, 235, 259, 264 (fig.) 

piceolimbata, 306 

quinquepunctata, 300 

significata, 309 
“Diabrotica 8-punctata,” 321 
Diaptomus, 570, 574 

arcticus, 565, 574 

gracilis, 564 

pribilofensis, 564, 565 
diarina, Leptocella, 383, 385 
diastrophi, Eurytoma, 449, 493, 514, 518, 

551 (map) 


700 


Diastrophus, 514 
cuscutoeformis, 518 
fragariae, 506 
nebulosus, 514, 518 
niger, 514, 518 
dichlocera, Diplolepis, 507 
dicholcerus, Diplolepis, 520 
Dicosmoecinae, 378 
Dicosmoecus, 374, 375, 378 
atripes, 376, 377 (fig.) 
aureoventris, 378 
frontalis, 378 
gilvipes, 376, 377 (fig.) 
grandis, 376 
jucundus, 376, 377 (fig.) 
nigrescens, 376, 377 (fig.) 
obscuripennis, 378 
palatus, 377 (fig.), 378 
pallicornis, 376, 377 (fig.) 
dictyanthes, Pseudatteria, 584, 586, 612 
dimicki, Brachycentrus, 387 
Oligoplectrum, 384 (fig.), 387 
dimidiaticornis, Neobrotica, 301, 302, 
304, 305, 306, 397, 362 (fig.) 
Dinematura, 102 
latifolia, 102, 103 (table), 104 (fig.), 
107 (fig.), 108 (table), 109 (fig.), 
110 (table), 110 (fig.), 125 
sexsetacea, 110 
Dinemoura, 102 
diplana, Sphyrna, 74, 130 
Diplectrona californica, 374, 
margarita, 374 
Diplolepis arefacta, 473, 517 
bicolor, 504, 511, 512, 518, 519 
dichlocera, 507 
dicholcerus, 520 
globuloides, 472 
multispinosa, 473, 507 
neglecta, 503, 519 
neglectus, 490 
polita, 489, 490, 504, 518, 519, 521 
radicum, 460, 479, 517, 519 
rosae, 507, 520 
tuberculator, 473, 507, 520 
tuberculator var. coloradensis, 483 
tuberculator var. descansonis, 519 
tuberculator var. versicolor, 510, 
520 
tuberculator washatchensis, 520 
tuberculator var. xerophila, 517 
tuberculatrix, 490, 503 
tuberculatrix descansonis, 490 


375 (fig.) 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 118 


Diplolepis—Continued 


tuberculatrix f. xerophila, 473 
variabilis, 472, 509, 511, 518, 519 
weldi, 517 
Diptera, 435 
discaudatus, Tortanus, 573 
discordans, Eurytoma, 445, 470, 472, 
473, 518, 541 (map) 
Disholeaspis, 480 
cinerosa, 467, 520 
colorado, 467, 520, 521 
corallina, 466, 518 
globulus, 479 
mamma, 467, 479, 517, 520 
plumbella, 466, 518 
quercus-globulus, 459, 467, 480, 
505, 517; 518, 520; 521 
sileri, 520, 521 
spongiosa, 459, 479, 505, 517, 520, 


521 

succinipes, 505, 520, 521 

virens, 467 

washingtonensis, 466, 468, 505, 518, 
521 


disjuncta, Clostoeca, 379 
disjunctus, Anisogamus, 379 
dissimilis, Stephanoderes, 450, 518, 520 
distincta, Pseudomeritastis, 224, 228 
Distrophus cuscutoeformis, 514 
divaricatus, Ceanothus, 436, 496, 520 
diversus, Limnephilus, 380 
djankonoci, Ampithoe, 3, 4, 12 
doello-juradoi, Laminifera, 96 
dorcaschemae, Eurytoma, 442, 452, 456, 
518, 536 (map), 551 (map) 
dorchasema, Eurytoma, 452 
dognini, Pseudatteria, 583, 587, 590, 
593, 622 (fig.) 
Dorcaschema alternatum, 453, 518 
doringa, Aphropsvche, 374 
douglasii, Quercus, 466, 468 
Dromia erythropus, 624, 635, 636 (fig.), 
654, 655 
lator, 635 
personata, 636 
vulgaris, 624, 635, 636 
Dromia sp., 635 
Dromiidae, 635 
drummondii, Sapindus, 454 
Drusinus virginicus, 378 
Dryocopus, 407 
Dryccosmus imbricariae, 517 
palustris, 506, 521 


INDEX 


Dryorhizoxenus floridanus, 455, 520 

Duckworth, W. Donald; Neotropical 
Microlepidoptera, VIII: A _re- 
view of the genus Falculina with 
descriptions of new species (Lepi- 
doptera: Stenomidae), 391-404 

dugandi, Xiphorhynchus picus, 413, 429 

duodecimsignata, Neobrotica, 272 (key), 
286, 287, 357 (fig.) 


eatoni, Cylindrocopturus, 485, 521 
ebraea, Crioceris, 309 
Neobrotica, 287, 301, 306, 309, 362 
(fig.) 
ebraeus, Cryptocephalus 
309 
Eburia decemmaculata, 212 
quadrimaculata, 212 
eburnea, Xenthoteras, 521 
Eccoptopsis, 271, 324, 339, 340 (key), 
350 
argentinensis, 340, 347, 370 (fig.) 
boliviensis, 340, 343, 369 (fig.) 
cavifrons, 340, 347, 349, 370 (fig.) 
clara, 340, 344, 369 (fig.) 
costaricensis, 340, 341, 369 (fig.) 
cyanocosmesa, 340, 346, 347, 370 
(fig.) 
denticornis, 340, 342, 343, 344, 369 
(fig.) 
laticollis, 340, 342, 369 (fig.) 
mexicana, 340, 348, 369 (fig.) 
piceofasciata, 340, 345, 369 (fig.) 
quadrimaculata, 340, 350, 369 (fig.) 
echinatus, Alebion, 130 (table), 131 
(fig.), 133 (fig.), 134 (fig.), 135 
(table) 
Panulirus, 624, 629, 630 (fig.), 631 
(fig.), 654, 655 
Pinus, 456 
Ectmesopus, 236, 246 
rhabdotus, 243, 266 (fig.) 
ritticollis, 244 
edwardsi, Anisogamus, 378 
Pseudostenophylax, 378 
egensis, Trichobrotica, 237, 263 (fig.) 
Elaphidion glabratum, 212 
insulare, 212 
thomae, 212 
Elaphidionini, 212 
Elaphidionoides thomae, 212 
Elaphionopsis, 214 


(Crioceris), 


701 


Elasmobranch fishes of the Hawaiian 
Islands, Copepod crustaceans 
parasitic on, 57-154 

Elecampane, 462, 519 

elisabethae, Scyllarides, 630, 632 

elliotti, Pinus, 491, 520 

eloisella, Mompha, 493, 521 

elongata, Callirhytes, 505, 521 

elongatus, Pecon, 146 

Synalpheus fritzmuelleri, 629 

Vasaces, 48, 49, 51 (fig.) 
elymophage, Harmolita, 464 
Elymus canadensis, 464, 519 

condensatus, 464 

triticoides, 464, 519 

Elymus sp., 436, 458, 464, 519 

Enneatoma [sic], 439 

Ennetoma, 439 

Enoplometopus antillensis, 624, 634, 
654, 655 

dentatus, 624, 634 

eoa, Ampithoe, 3, 19, 37, 39, 40 

eoa-mea-annenkovae group, Ampithoe, 
6 

Eophliantidae, 1 

ephemeraeformis, Thyridopteryx, 497, 
520 

Epiblema strenuana, 485, 497, 520, 521 

Epipectus, 407 

Epitymbiini, 224 

eragrostidis, Eurytoma, 436, 444, 465, 
518, 537 (map) 

Eurytomocharis, 465 

Eragrostis poaeoides, 465, 518 

erinacei, Acraspis, 479, 505, 517, 521 

erythogaster, Synallaxis, 423, 427 

Erythrina, 315, 319 

erythrinae, Neobrotica, 302, 318, 319, 
361 (fig.) 

erythropus, Dromia, 624, 635, 636 (fig.), 
654, 655 

Eucerotoma, 269, 270, 271, 324, 333, 
335, 339, 350 

Euclimacia tortricalis, 584 

Eucosoma scudderiana, 497, 520 

Eudactylinidae, 60 

Eumecomera obscura, 48, 50 

Eumimographe, 584 

lydia, 620 

Eupatorium adenophorum, 276 

Euphorbia antisyphilitica, 53 

Euplilis rufigaster, 457, 519 


702 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Eurosta solidaginis, 461, 466, 467, 480, 
506, 517, 518, 519 
Eurynatteria, subgenus, 583, 612, 613, 
614, 615, 616, 617 
Euryhaline copepod genus Eurytemora 
in fresh and brackish waters of 
the Cape Thompson Region, 
Chukchi Sea, Alaska, 553-576 
Euryphoridae, 130 
Eurytemora, 553, 554, 564, 565, 566, 
567, 568, 569 (table), 570, 571, 
574, 575 
affinis, 565 
americana, 575 
arctica, 554, 557 (fig.), 559 (fig.), 
561 (fig.), 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 
569 (table), 570, 574, 575 
canadensis, 567, 568, 569 (table), 
570, 571, 573, 575 
composita, 570, 571, 573 
foveola, 571, 575 
gracilicauda, 564, 565, 567, 568, 
569 (table), 570, 571, 573, 575 
herdmani, 570, 573, 575 
johanseni, 569 (table) 
pacifica, 570, 573, 575 
raboti, 567, 570, 571, 573, 575 
yukonensis, 564, 565, 575 
Eurytoma, Revision of chalcid wasps 
of the genus, in America north of 
Mexico, 433-552 
Eurytoma, 433, 435, 436, 439, 441 (key), 
450, 465, 492, 502, 515, 516 
abatos, 515 
abnorme, 456 
abnormicornis, 515 
abnormis, 456 
acuta, 445, 470, 472, 490, 517, 541 
(map) 
acuta absona, 473 
acuta acuta, 473 
acuta gemina, 473 
acuta intermedia, 473 
acuta ramosa, 473 
albipes, 515 
albitarsis, 515 
altifossa, 447, 487, 517, 583 (fig.), 
533 (fig.), 545 (map) 
apiculae, 449, 512, 517 
appendigaster, 446, 485, 517, 545 
(map) 
ashmeadi, 515 


Eurytoma—C ontinued 


atripes, 446, 483, 501, 502, 517, 
544 (map) 

aulacis, 515 

auriceps, 434, 446, 466, 478, 517, 
543 (map) 

auriceps seminatrix, 478 

baccae, 448, 497, 517, 533 (fig.), 


547 (map) 

bicolor, 434, 443, 461, 517, 537 
(map) 

bigeloviae, 446, 482, 517, 544 
(map) 


bolteri, 436, 449, 493, 501, 506, 
509, 518, 550 (map) 

bolteri parva, 501 

bolteri var. parva, 501 

brachypterum, 515 

brevivena, 446, 480, 518, 543 (map) 

bromi, 436, 444, 463, 518, 538 (map) 

calearea, 449, 611, 518, 551 (map) 

calearea informa, 511 

calcarea ignobilis, 511 

calearea lucida, 511 

calearea mimica, 512 

californica, 444, 466, 477, 518, 539 
(map) 

calycis, 496, 518, 547 (map) 

celtigalla, 445, 475, 518, 542 (map) 

calycis, 448 

chalcidiformis, 482 

cleri, 445, 469, 518, 541 (map) 

conica, 443, 453, 454, 456, 518, 531 
(fig.), 535 (map) 

contractura, 445, 470, 471, 518, 531 
(fig.), 583 (fig.), 541 (map) 

crassa, 447, 488, 518, 532 (fig.), 5383 
(fig.), 545 (map) 

crassineura, 448, 4500, 518, 548 
(map) 

eretheis, 515 

diastrophi, 449, 493, 614, 518, 552 
(map) 

discordans, 445, 470, 472, 473, 518, 
541 (map) 

dorecaschemae, 442, 452, 456, 518, 
536 (map), 551 (map) 

dorchasema, 452 

eragrostidis, 436, 444, 465, 518, 
537 (map) 

flavicrurensa, 449, 504, 518, 549 
(map) 


INDEX 


Eurytoma—Continued 


flavicrus, 445, 469, 472, 518, 532 
(fig.), 533 (fig.), 541 (map) 

flavovultus, 4438, 461, 518, 537 
(map) 

floridana, 516 

fossae, 446, 484, 518, 531 (fig.), 
533 (fig.), 544 (map) 

furva, 444, 468, 518, 540 (map) 

fusca, 448, 502, 518, 548 (map) 

gigantea, 434, 436, 444, 466, 467, 
518, 531 (fig.), 539 (map) 

gossypii, 447, 493, 519, 546 (map) 

hecale, 515 

hegeli, 516 

illinoisensis, 443, 458, 519, 536 
(map) 

imminuta, 449, 509, 519, 549 (map) 

incerta, 447, 490, 519, 541 (map) 

incerta varia, 490 

iniquus, 448, 503, 519, 549 (map) 

inornata, 443, 457, 519 

iphis, 515 

lacunae, 445, 476, 519, 542 (map) 

juniperinus, 436, 443, 463, 477, 519, 
537 (map) 

lanulae, 504, 506, 516 

levivulta, 483 

levivultus, 446, 483, 519, 544 (map) 

levo, 448, 499, 519, 548 (map) 

longavena, 449, 504, 519, 551 (map) 

lutea, 462, 519, 537 (map) 

lyeti, 442, 452, 519, 534 (map) 

maculipes, 454, 456, 520 

maculitarsis, 456 

maga, 516 

magdalidis, 443, 457, 519, 535 
(map) 

mali, 449, 503, 512, 519 532 (fig.), 
533 (fig.), 551 (map) 

mammae, 451, 519, 531 (fig.), 534 
(map) 

medicaginis, 516 

minnesota, 443, 458, 519 

minnesotae, 458, 535 (map) 

muhlenbergiae, 516 

neomexicana, 436, 444, 465, 519, 
538 (map) 

nevadense, 516 

nigricoxa, 445, 477, 519, 542 (map) 

obtusa, 449, 507, 519, 533 (fig.), 549 
(map) 


703 


Eurytoma—Continued 


obtusiloba, 460 

obtusilobae, 443, 460, 519, 536 
(map) 

obtusiventris, 436, 446, 480, 482, 
519, 543 (map) 

orbiculata, 434, 516 

orchidearum, 436, 442, 450, 519 

orchirdearum, 450, 519 

pachyneuron, 435, 486, 444, 458, 
463, 465, 519, 531 (fig.), 538 
(map) 

parva, 448, 501, 519, 548 (map), 
551 (map) 

pater, 436, 463, 464 

phloeosini, 456 

phloeotribi, 442, 450, 519, 534 
(map) 

phoebus, 463, 464 

phoenix, 450 

picea, 449, 510, 520 

pini, 436, 448, 489, 493, 494, 495, 
497, 498, 520, 547 (map) 

pissodis, 436, 444, 469, 511, 520, 
530 (fig.), 540 (map) 

polygraphi, 516 

profunda, 442, 454, 520, 535 (map) 

prunicola, 445, 473, 476, A477, 520, 
542 (map) 

prunicola globulicola, 473, 475 

punctiventris, 467 

pythes, 506, 515 

querci, 445, 477, 520, 542 (map) 

querci-globuli, 444, 467, 468, 475, 
520, 539 (map) 

querci-globuli rubra, 467 

querci-globuli utahensis, 467 

querci-pisi, 516 

rhois, 436, 448, 496, 499, 520, 
547 (map) 

sciromatis, 447, 490, 520 

sculpta, 516 

semicircula, 442, 453, 520, 531 
(fig.), 533 (fig.), 535 (map) 

seminis, 436, 447, 486, 496, 520, 
545 (map) 

semivena, 443, 520, 537 (map) 

semivenae, 460 

sepulta, 517 

sequax, 517 

solenozopheriae, 434, 436, 444, 468, 
520, 540 (map) 


704 


PROCEEDINGS 


Eurytoma— Continued 
sphaera, 458, 460, 520, 532 (fig.), 
536 (map) 
spina, 449, 610, 520, 550 (map) 
spongiosa, 449, 407, 509, 520, 550 
(map) 
spongiosa curvavena, 507 
squamosa, 436, 448, 495, 520, 532 
(fig.), 547 (map) 
stigmi, 447, 485, 
(map) 
studiosa, 434, 449, 477, 504, 516, 
521, 549 (map) 
succinipedis, 504 
teredon, 506, 515 
terrea, 447, 489, 521, 546 (map) 
tomici, 446, 485, 490, 521, 
(map) 
triodiae, 516 
tumoris, 446, 483, 521 
tylodermatis, 447, 455, 489, 491, 
495, 497, 508, 513, 521, 5383 
(fig.), 546 (map) 
vagabunda, 478 
vernonia, 446, 481, 521, 532 (fig.), 
544 (map) 
vitis, 516 
Eurytomidae, 433, 441, 515, 516 
Eurytomocharis, 465, 515, 516 
eragrostidis, 465 
minuta, 515 
Euura nodus, 506 
orbitalis, 506 
pacifica, 485, 518 
perturbans, 506 
resinicola, 485, 518 
salicicola, 506 
salicis-oculum, 506 
Evoxysoma, 515, 516 
Exampithoe, 4 
exarata, Hystiopsis, 324, 338, 366 (fig.) 
exigua, Asterina, 654 
exilis, Leptocella, 383 


490, 521, 546 


544 


falcata, Ancistrosyllis, 165, 166 
Pilargia, 161, 165 
falciformis, Carcharhinus, 683 
Falculina, 391, 392, 393 (key), 395, 396, 
403 (map), 404 (map) 
antityra, 392, 393, 394, 396, 397, 
401 (fig.), 402 (fig.), 403 (map) 
bella, 393, 398, 401 (fig.), 404 (map) 


OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 118 


Faleculina—Continued 
caustopis, 392, 393, 396, 401 (fig.), 
404 (map) 
kasyi, 393, 395, 401 (fig.), 402 (fig.), 
403 (map) 
lepidota, 392, 393, 394, 397, 398, 
401 (fig.), 402 (fig.), 404 (map) 
ochricostata, 392, 393, 394, 395, 
396, 400 (fig.), 403 (map) 
Falculina, A review of the genus, with 
descriptions of new species (Lep- 
idoptera: Stenomidae), Neotropi- 
cal Microlepidoptera, VIII, 391- 
404 
falklandi, Ampithoe, 4 
falsa, Ampithoe, 2, 4 
fasciata, Holcaspis, 479 
Neobrotica, 234, 250, 266 (fig.) 
?Romanita, 250, 266 (fig.) 
fascicollis, Deinocladus, 261, 264 (fig.) 
fauveli, Loandalia, 159, 196, 197 (fig.), 
198 (fig.) 
femorata, Ampithoe, 2, 4, 12 
femorata-brevipes complex, Ampithoe, 
66 
fenestrata, Trichobrotica, 240, 264 (fig.) 
fernandinis, Squalus, 124 
ferox, Pacon, 146 
ferruginolentes, Anabates, 416 
finalis, Tephritis, 480, 482, 521 
finmarchicus, Calanus, 573 
flabellata, Atteria, 603 
Pseudatteria, 604 
flava, Cylindera, 212 
flavicollis, Oroetes, 235, 255 
Trichobrotica nymphaea, 236, 237, 
263 (fig.) 
flavicrurensa, Eurytoma, 449, 504, 518, 
549 (map) 
flavicrus, Eurytoma, 445, 469, 472, 518, 
532 (fig.), 533 (fig.), 541 (map) 
flavipennis, Neotrichota, 241, 242, 264 
(fig.) 
flavipes, Hystiopsis, 325, 329, 365 (fig.) 
Iceloceras, 233 
Neobrotica, 302, 361 (fig.) 
flavolimbata, Neobrotica, 301, 314, 363 
(fig.) 
flavovultus, Eurytoma, 443, 461, 518, 
537 (map) 
flavum, Callidium, 212 
flavus, Curtomerus, 212 





INDEX 


705 


Flint, Oliver S., Jr.; Notes on certain | Furnaricola—Continued 


Nearctic Trichoptera in the 
Museum of Comparative Zool- 
ogy, 373-390 
flocci, Andricus, 479, 505, 517, 521 
floridana, Eurytoma, 516 
floridanus, Dryorhizoxenus, 455, 520 
Lamprostylus, 516 
foliatus, Andricus, 479, 517 
folki, Ampithoe, 25 
forceps, Palaemon, 624, 625, 626 
Formicariidae, 406, 419 
fornicata, Pseudatteria, 616 
forticorne, Xanthoteras, 506 
fossae, Eurytoma, 446, 484, 518, 531 
(fig.), 533 (fig.), 544 (map) 
foveola, Eurytemora, 571, 575 
foveolatum, Tyloderma, 492, 493, 518, 
521 
fragariae, Diastrophus, 506 
fraternus, Hylepsyche, 382 
fritzmuelleri, Synalpheus, 629, 654 
frontalis, Dendroctonus, 456, 518 
Dicosmoecus, 378 
Phloeotribus, 450, 453, 518, 519 
frustrana, Rhyacionia, 497, 520 
fuliginosa, Dendrocincla fuliginosa, 415 
Furnaricola, 415, 416, 417 (table) 
Furnaricola fuliginosa, 415, 416 
fuliginosus, Brachycentrus, 385, 386 
fulvicollis, Philonix, 517, 520, 521 
fumipennis, Atteria, 598 
Pseudatteria, 583, 587, 598, 599, 
600 
furcata, Cerotoma, 355 
Cyclotrypema, 355, 371 (fig.) 
Galeruca, 270, 355 
Metrobrotica, 355 
Neobrotica, 355 
Furnaricola, 406, 407 (males, key), 
408 (females, key), 421, 422 
acutifrons, 406, 408, 418, 431 
acutifrons acutifrons, 408, 418, 427 
(fig.), 432 (fig.) 
acutifrons chocoana, 409, 418, 419 
(table), 421, 430 (fig.), 431 (fig.) 
acutifrons subsimilis, 408, 409, 418, 
427 (fig.), 429 (fig.), 432 (fig-) 
anabacerthia, 409, 417, 418 (table), 
424, 429 (fig.), 431 (fig.) 
cephalosa, 408, 410, 424 
certhia, 411 (table), 415, 416, 424, 
426 (fig.) 





certhia certhia, 408, 411, 412, 426 
(fig.) 

certhia colombiana, 408, 411, 412, 
426 (fig.) 

certhia microgenitalia, 408, 412, 427 
(fig.) 

chunchotambo, 409, 423, 424, 426 
(fig-) 

fuliginosa, 415, 416, 417 (table) 

fuliginosa antioquénsis, 416, 417 
(table), 428 (fig.), 429 (fig.) 

fuliginosa fuliginosa, 415, 416 

guttata, 416, 424 

heterocephala, 407, 410, 424, 427 
(fig) 

hirsuta hirsuta, 408, 413, 414 (table), 
427 (fig.), 428 (fig.), 429 (fig.) 

hirsuta picirostris, 408, 409, 414, 
415 (table), 428 (fig.), 429 (fig.) 

hylactiphaga canae, 409, 422 
(table), 430 (fig.), 432 (fig.) 

hylactiphaga hylactiphaga, 409, 422 
(table), 430 (table), 432 (fig.) 

inexpectata, 409, 421 (table), 428 
(fig.), 432 (fig-) 

lachrymosa, 408, 409, 412, 414 
(table), 426 (fig.), 427 (fig.) 

laticephala, 407, 409, 419, 423, 431 
(fig.) 

longifrons, 408, 409, 417, 418 
(table), 429 (fig.), 430 (fig-), 431 
(fig.) 

mirandae, 409, 425, 426 (fig.) 

myrmeciza, 407, 410, 419, 420 
(table), 424, 428 (fig.), 431 (fig.) 

parvigenitalis, 407, 408, 423, 424, 
427 (fig.) 

pipraphaga, 410, 420 (table), 421 
(table), 428 (fig.), 482 (fig.) 

punensis, 407, 418, 419 (table), 
423, 428 (fig.), 430 (fig.), 431 
(fig.) 

pyriglena, 410, 420 (table), 421, 
428 (fig.), 431 (fig.) 

quadraticeps, 409, 416, 417 (table), 
429 (fig.), 430 (fig.) 

tergalis, 410, 411 (table), 426 (fig.) 

titicacae, 407, 409, 423, 427 (fig.) 

triangularis, 408, 410, 416 (table), 
421, 428 (fig.), 430 (table) 


PROCEEDINGS 


706 


Furnaricola, A revision of the genus, 
with descriptions of new species, 
405-432 

Furnariidae, 406, 419 

furnissi, Cylindrocopturus, 485, 521 

furva, Eurytoma, 444, 468, 518, 540 


(map) 

fusca, Eurytoma, 448, 502, 518, 548 
(map) 

fuscifrons, Certhiaxis cinnamomea, 418, 
429 


Synallax cinnamomeus, 427 
Leptoxyura cinnamomea, 418 
fusiforme, Cronartium, 491, 520 


gainsi, Amphibolips, 475, 520 

Galeocerdo cuvier, 117, 130 

Galeruca furcata, 270, 355 
hebraea, 309 

Galerucinae, 235 (key), 271 (key) 


galerucine beetles, More new, with 
excised middle tibiae in the male, 
233-266 
gallaesolidaginis, Gnorimoschema, 509, 
518 
gallus, Calappa, 636, 654, 655 
Cancer, 636 


gambelii, Quercus, 480 
Garrick, J. A. F.; Revision of sharks of 
genus Isurus with description of 
a new species (Galeoidea, Lam- 
nidae), 663-690 
gaudichaudii, Ampithoe, 4 
gemina, Eurytoma acuta, 473 
geminipuncta, Pseudatteria, 605, 607, 
609 
gemma, Pachypsylla, 483, 519 
gemmula, Acraspis, 505, 521 
gentilis, Phylectrus, 244 
geometrica, Cerotoma, 270, 355 
germaini, Neobrotica, 302, 317, 361 
(fig.) 
gerstaeckeri, Pseudibacus, 632 
gibba, Callachna, 514, 518 
Trypeta, 489, 518 
gibbulosus, Leptostylus, 454, 520 
Gigantea, 442 
gigantea, Eurytoma, 434, 436, 444, 466, 
467, 518, 531 (fig.), 539 (map) 
gilvipes, Dicosmoecus, 376, 377 (fig.) 
Platyphylax, 376 
glabra, Plagusia, 648 
Rhus, 499, 520 


OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 118 


glabratum, Elaphidion, 212 
glabratus, Stenocorus, 212 
glauca, Oxyrhina, 665, 675 
Prionace, 57, 74, 75, 96, 97, 102 
glaucus, Isurus, 67, 664, 666, 667, 668, 
669, 671, 672, 673, 675, 676 (fig.), 
677, 687 
globulicola, Eurytoma prunicola, 473, 
475 
globuloides, Diplolepis, 472 
globulus, Disholeaspis, 479 
Glyphohesione, 158, 159, 190, 191 
klatti, 157, 190, 191 
Glyphorhynchus spirurus pectoralis, 424 
spirurus sublestes, 424 
Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis, 509, 
518 
Goerinae, 387 
gomphodon, Isodes, 664, 666, 667, 668, 
669, 670, 672, 687 
Oxyrhina, 665, 674 
gorgonensis, Ancistrosyllis, 165, 191, 192 
gossypit, Kurytoma, 447, 493, 519, 546 
(map) 
gracile, Alebion, 136 
gracilicauda, Eurytemora, 564, 565, 567, 
568, 569 (table), 570, 571, 573, 
575 
gracilis, Alebion, 136 (table), 137 (fig.), 
139 (fig.), 140 (fig.), 141 (table) 
Ancistrosyllis, 165, 191, 192 
Diaptomus, 564 
Leptocella, 383 
Loandalia, 196 
Pachygrapsus, 644, 645 (fig.) 
grandiflora, Sitilias, 464, 519 
grandis, Abies, 450 
Anthonomus, 494, 495, 519 
Dicosmoecus, 376 
Neobrotica, 301, 321, 364 (fig.) 
Nogagus, 96 
granosus, Xanthodes, 639 (fig.), 640 
granulimanus, Micropanope, 639 
Pilumnus, 639 
Grapholitha, 486 
Grapsidae, 640, 644 
Grapsinae, 640 
Grapsus, 632, 640 
grapsus, 624, 640, 654 
maculatus, 640 
tenuicrustatus, 640 
grapsus, Cancer, 640 
Grapsus, 624, 640, 654 


INDEX 


grimaldii, Limnocalanus, 573 
griseus, Hexanchus, ee 
griseus?, Hexanchus, 111 
groenlandica, Ancistrosyllis, 157, 159, 
164, 165, 166, 167 (fig.) 
grossa, Hystiopsis, 324, 337, 368 (fig.) 
grossypiella, Pectinophora, 497, 520 
Grubia indentata, 22 
grubidormis, Ampithoe, 3 
grubii, Sigambra, 156, 157, 159, 179, 
180, 181, 782, 183 (fig.) 
guadaloupensis, Acraspis, 477, 520 
guentheri, Isurus, 664, 666, 668, 669, 
670, 672 
Lamna, 665, 675 
guerinii, Albunea, 624, 635 
guttata, Furnaricola, 416, 424 
guttatus, Oecetina, 382 
Panulirus, 629 
guytatus, Setodes, 382, 382, 384 (fig.) 
Gymnocichla chiroleuca chiroleuca, 424 
nudiceps chiroleuca, 424, 427 


Halesus amicus, 382 
minutus, 379 
sparsus, 378 
hamata, Ancistrosyllis, 157, 165, 166, 
168, 170 (fig.), 177 
hamatus, Pilargis, 161, 165, 168 
hanaokai, Ancistrosyllis, 165, 181 
Sigambra, 181 
Harmolita, 458, 464, 519 
abnorme, 456 
atlantica, 464 
bromi, 463 
elymophage, 464 
tritici, 436, 464, 501, 502, 519 
Harpochaeta, 156, 157, 159, 195 
cingulata, 157, 195 
harrisi, Isodontia, 461, 517 
harrisi, Sphex, 461 
hartmanae, Ancistrosyllis, 165, 166, 172, 
173 (fig.), 174 (fig.) 
hebraea, Galeruca, 309 
hecale, Eurytoma, 515 
hegeli, Eurytoma, 516 
helenium, Inula, 462 
heliadelpha, Meritastis, 221, 222, 227, 
228 
Pseudomeritastis, 224, 227 
Helianthus sp., 480 


107 


heliocausta, Atteria, 612, 616 
Pseudatteria, 583, 586, 614, 616, 
617, 618 
helmifolia, Beccharis, 477 
helo, Triaenodes, 382 
Hemadas nubilipennis, 468, 520 
hepatica, Neobrotica, 301, 314, 315, 362 
(fig.) 
heptapus, Caligus, 110 
Demoleus, 110, 111 (table), 112 
(fig.), 114 (fig.), 115 (fig.), 116 
(table) 
herdmani, Eurytemora, 570, 573, 575 
herklotsii, Scyllarides, 624, 630, 631 
(fig.), 632, 633 (fig.), 654 
Hermundura, 156, 157, 159, 195 
tricuspis, 157, 159, 195 
herrerae, Bruchophagus, 491 
Hesionidae, 156, 157, 158, 177 
Hesperophanini, 212 
Heterachtes [sic] quadrimaculatus, 215 
Heterachthes quadrimaculatus, 215 
heterocephala, Furnaricola, 407, 410, 
424, 427 (fig.) 
Heterocope, 570, 574 
septentrionalis, 564, 565, 567, 569 
Hexanchus griseus, 111 
griseus?, 111 
Hipperus, 564 
Hippolyte macrocheles, 627 
hirsuta, Furnaricola hirsuta, 408, 41 3, 
414 (table), 427 (fig.), 428 (fig.), 
429 (fig.) 
hirta, Acraspis, 479, 505, 521 
Holeaspis fasciata, 479 
homarus, Panulirus, 624 
homoia, Platymorpha, 247, 263 (fig.) 
Homoptera, 435 
hondurensis, Neobrotica, 272, 290, 291, 
292, 357 (fig.) 
hospes, Nematus, 506 
howdeni, Oxycopis, 48, 50, 53 (fig.), 54 
huidobrii, Isurus, 664, 667, 668, 669, 
670, 673, 687 
Lamna, 665, 675 
humeralis, Amphithoé [sic], 7 
Ampithoe, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 (fig.), 9 (fig.) 
hunteri, Catolaccus, 495 
Hydropsyche carolina, 375 (fig.) 
Hydropsychidae, 374 
hylactiphaga, Furnaricola hylactiphaga, 
409, 422 (table), 430 (fig.), 432 
(fig.) 


708 


hyleorus, Dencrocolaptes certhia, 411 

Hylepsyche fraternus, 382 

Hymenoptera, 435, 492 

hypoleuca, Synallaxis albescens, 

431 

Hystiopsis, 271, 288, 324 (key), 329, 339 
bella, 325, 332, 334, 366 (fig.) 
beniensis, 325, 327, 368 (fig.) 
bryanti, 325, 331, 336, 365 (fig.) 
exarata, 324, 338, 366 (fig.) 
flavipes, 325, 329, 365 (fig.) 
grossa, 324, 337, 368 (fig.) 
trritans, 324, 334, 367 (fig.) 
maculata, 324, 334, 367 (fig.) 
manset, 325, 330, 367 (fig.) 
mapirii, 325, 331, 368 (fig.) 
marginalis, 324, 325, 327, 328, 330, 

331, 365 (fig.) 

maxima, 325, 335, 336, 368 (fig.) 
megala, 325, 836, 367 (fig.) 
nigriventris, 325, 326, 367 (fig.) 
peruensis, 325, 327, 328, 365 (fig.) 
phaica, 325, 336, 368 (fig.) 
terminalis, 325, 328, 365 (fig.) 
zonata, 324, 333, 334, 366 (fig.) 


418, 


Ibidionini, 215 
Iceloceras, 233 
flavipes, 233 
Idolatteria, 577, 578, 583, 584 
orgias, 619 
xanthocapna, 619 
igniflora, Pseudatteria, 583, 587, 605, 
611 
ignobilis, Eurytoma calcarea, 511 
ignotus, Andricus, 479, 505, 517, 521 
illinoisensis, Eurytoma, 443, 458, 519, 
536 (map) 
imbricariae, Dryocosmus, 517 
imbricata, Otophesia, 67 
imbricatus, Caligus, 66 
imitans, Neobrotica, 272, 274, 356 (fig.) 
immaculata, Myrmeciza, 406, 428 
Myrmeciza immaculata, 420 
Plagusia, 648 
imminuta, Eurytoma, 449, 509, 519, 549 
(map) 
imperator, Dardanus, 624, 634, 654, 655 
Pagurus, 624, 634 
impressicollis, Methia, 211 
incanus, Brachycentrus, 384 (fig.), 385, 
386 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 118 


incerta, Ancistrosyllis, 178 
Cabira, 156, 157, 159, 177, 178, 179 
(fig.), 180 (fig.) 
Eurytoma, 447, 490, 519, 541 (map) 
inconspicua, Neobrotica, 271, 297, 319, 
320, 360 (fig.) 
inconstans, Neobrotica, 292, 301, 316 
inconstans var., Neobrotica, 363 (fig.) 
indentata, Grubia, 22 
indica, Loandalia, 196 
indistinctus, Limnephilus, 382 
Platycentropus, 382 
inermis, Kynephorus, 158, 190, 191 
inexpectata, Furnaricola, 409, 
(table), 428 (fig.), 432 (fig.) 
infirma, Hurytoma calearea, 511 
inflaticollis, Leptoctylus, 215 
iniquus, Eurytoma, 448, 503, 519, 549 
(map) 
inordinatus, Stigmus, 490, 521 
inornata, Eurytoma, 443, 457, 519 
inornatus, Leptocerus, 383 
insulare, Elaphidion, 21/2 
insularum, Methia, 210 
interior, Vernonia, 482, 521 
intermedia, Eurytoma acuta, 473 
intervena, Leptocella, 383 
Inula helenium, 462 


421 


iphis, Eurytoma, 515 
Ipideurytoma, 516 
Ips oregoni, 469, 518 
irritans, Hystiopsis, 324, 334, 367 (fig.) 
Isodes gomphodon, 664, 666, 667, 668, 
669, 670, 672, 687 
Isodontia harrisi, 461, 517 
Isosoma, 458, 465 
abnorme, 456 
bromi, 463 
orchidearum, 450 
Isuridae, 684 
Isuropsis dekayi, 665, 675 
Isurus, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, (figs.), 
668 (fig.), 669 (fig.), 670 (fig.), 
673, 674, 676, 678, 684, 687 
(table) 
africanus, 664, 665, 667, 668, 669, 
670, 673, 675, 687 
alatus, 667 (fig.), 668 (fig.), 677 
679 (fig.), 680 (fig.), 684, 689 
(table), 690 (table) 
bideni, 664, 665, 667, 668, 669, 670, 
673, 675, 687 


INDEX 


Isurus—Continued 
cepedii, 661, 668, 669, 672, 
dekayi, 664, 672, 687 
glaucus, 67, 664, 666, 667, 668, 
669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 675, 
676 (fig.), 677, 687 
guentheri, 664, 666, 668, 669, 670, 
672 
huidobrii, 664, 667, 668, 669, 670, 
673, 687 
mako, 664, 665, 666, 673, 675 
oxyrhynchus, 665, 677 
oxyrinchus, 67, 96, 102, 664, 665, 
671, 672, 674 (table), 675, 676 
(fig.), 677 (table), 678, 679, 680, 
682 (fig.), 683, 688 (table), 689 
(table) 
paucus, 663, 677, 684 
punctata, 684 
spallanzani, 664, 665, 666, 672, 673, 
674 
tigris, 664, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 
672, 673, 676 (fig.), 687 
tigris africanus, 673 
Isurus, Revision of sharks of genus, with 
description of a new species (Gale- 
oidea, Lamnidae), 663-690 
Iva ciliata, 455 


687 


japonica, Ampithoe, 3, 12 
johanseni, Eurytemora, 569 (table) 
Limnocalanus, 567, 570, 573 

Ancistrosyllis, 159, 165, 

178, 175 (fig.), 176 (fig.) 

jucundus, Dicosmoecus, 376, 377 (fig.) 

juniperinus, Eurytoma, 436, 443, 463, 

477, 519, 537 (map) 
Juniperus virginiana, 463, 519 


jonesi, 166, 


kasyi, Falculina, 393, 395, 401 (fig.), 402 
(fig.), 403 (map) 
kergueleni, Ampithoe, 4 
klatti, Ancistrosyllis, 191 
Glyphohesione, 157, 190, 191 
Krgyeria praclongacicula, 60 (table), 
61 (figs.), 63 (figs.), 66 (table) 
spatulata, 65 
sublineata, 65 
kussakini, Ampithoe, 3 
Kynephoridae, 156, 158 
Kynephorus, 158, 159, 190, 191 
. inermis, 158, 199, 191 


709 


lacertosa, Amphithoe [sic], 9 
Ampithoe, 2, 6, 9, 10 (fig.), 11 (fig.), 
30 
lachrymosa, Furnaricola, 408, 409, 412, 
414 (table), 426 (fig.), 427 (fig.) 
lachrymosus, Xiphorhynchus — lachry- 
mosus, 412, 426 
Lactuca, 461 
lacunae, Eurytoma, 445, 476, 519, 542 
(map) 
laevigata, Celtis, 576 
lafresnayei, Dendrocincla fuliginosa, 416 
lamberti, Oxytropis, 488, 517 
lamiella, Carcharhinus, 136 
Lamiinae, 215 
Lamiostoma, 684 
belyaevi, 684 
Lamiostomatidae, 684 
Lamna, 665, 666 
cornubica, 67, 666, 672, 673 
guentheri, 665, 675 
huidobrii, 665, 675 
nasus, 67, 81, 96, 102, 666, 673 
punctata, 672, 684 
Lamna, subgenus, 665 
Lamnidae, 665 
Laminifera doello-juradoi, 96 
Lampromerus(?) attenuatus, 214 
Lamprostylus floridanus, 516 
lanata, Callirhytis, 479, 517 
Lantana, 293 
lanulae, Eurytoma, 504, 506, 516 
Lasioptera solidaginis, 506 
lasius, Andricus, 477, 520 
Lasperyresia molesta, 486 
lateralis, Brachycentrus, 385, 386 
Phryganea, 386 
laticephala, Furnaricola, 407, 409, 419, 
423, 431 (fig.) 
laticollis, Eccoptopsis, 340, 342, 369 (fig.) 
latifolia, Dinematura, 102, 103 (table), 
104 (fig.), 107 (fig.), 108 (table), 
109 (fig.), 110 (table), 125 
latifrons, Deuterobrotica, 258, 265 (fig.) 
Neobrotica, 234, 257, 258, 265 
(fig.), 268, 270 
lator, Dromia, 635 
latus, Scyllarides, 632, 634 
Scyllarus, 624, 630 
latreillii, Nogaus, 81 
latyfolia, Typha, 461, 517 
lechuguilla, Agave, 54 
leopardina, Pseudatteria, 583, 586, 601 


710 


PROCEEDINGS 


Leperisinus aculeatus, 452, 519 
lepida group, Pycnopsyche, 379 
Lepidocolaptes affinis sneiderni, 415 
souleyetii lineaticeps, 415, 480 
Lepidoptera, 435, 584 
lepidota, Falculina, 392, 393, 394, 397, 
398, 401 (fig.), 402 (fig.), 404 
(map) 
Leptilon canadense, 506 
Leptocella, 374 
albida, 383, 385 
coloradensis, 383 
diarina, 383, 385 
exilis, 383 
gracilis, 383 
intervena, 883 
minuta, 383 
stigmatica, 384 (fig.), 385 
texana, 383, 385 
Leptoceridae, 382 
Leptocerus albidus, 383 
inornatus, 383 
transversus, 383 
Leptostylus bredini, 217 
gibbulosus, 454, 520 
inflaticollis, 215 
testaceus, 215 
Leptoxyura cinnamomea fuscifrons, 418 
Lernaeopodoida, 141 
leucophrys, Cichocolaptes, 416, 430 
levivulta, Eurytoma, 483 
levivultus, Eurytoma, 446, 483, 519, 
544 (map) 
levo, Eurytoma, 448, 499, 519, 548 (map) 
lewini, Sphyrna, 81, 130, 141 
Lewis, Alan G.; Copepod crustaceans 
parasitic on elasmobranch fishes 
of the Hawaiian Islands, 57-154 
limbella, Chthoneis, 253, 266 (fig.) 
Porochontes, 258, 266 (fig.) 
Limnephilus, 380 
assimilis, 380 
batchawana, 381 
bifidus, 380, 381 (fig.) 
concolor, 380, 381 (fig.) 
conerus, 381 
costalis, 380 
curtus, 381 
diversus, 380 
indistinctus, 382 
montanus, 381 
pallens, 380, 381 (fig.) 
productus, 380 


OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


vou. 118 


Limnephilus—Continued 
sericeus, 380 
sperryi, 379, 381 (fig.) 
Limnephilidae, 375 
Limnocalanus, 569 (table), 572 (table), 
574 
grimaildii, 573 
johanseni, 567, 570, 573 
lindbergi, Amphithoe [sic], 12 
Ampithoe, 2, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13 (fig.), 
14 (fig.), 19, 20 
linearis, Chilopsis, 294 
Vasaces, 49 


lineaticeps, Lepidocolaptes souleyetii, 
415, 430 
lineigera, Neobrotica, 234, 257, 265 


(fig.), 268, 270, 318, 314 
liquidambarus, Pityophthorus, 450, 519 
littoralis, Carcharias, 67 
Lixus musculus, 493, 521 

scrobicollis, 455, 493, 495, 521 
Loandalia, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 195, 
196 (key) 
aberrans, 158, 195, 196 
americana, 196, 197 (fig.), 198 (fig.) 
capensis, 178 
fauveli, 159, 196, 197 (fig.), 198 
(fig.) 
gracilis, 196 
indica, 196 
Loandalia?, 157, 158 
lobata, Quercus, 466 
longavena, Eurytoma, 449, 404, 519, 

551 (map) 
longicirrata, Ancistrosyllis, 

199, 200, 201 (fig.) 
longifrons, Furnaricola, 408, 409, 417, 

418 (table), 429 (fig.), 480 (fig.), 

431 (fig.) 
longimana, Amphithoé [sic], 15 

Ampithoe, 4, 7, 15, 16 (fig.) 
longimanus, Carcharhinus, 683 
longimanus?, Pterolamiops, 81 
longipes, Otopsis, 158, 164, 190 

Pachygrapsus, 644 
longiremis, Acartia, 573 
longulus, Cylindrocopturus, 456, 457, 

485, 518, 519, 521 
loveridgei, Pachygrapsus, 640, 641 (fig.), 

642 (fig.) 654, 655 
Loxaulus, 468 
lucida, Eurytoma calearea, 511 
ludicra, Neobrotica, 322, 364 (fig.) 


155, 165, 





INDEX 711 


lunulatus, Acanthonys, 649, 650 (fig.) 
Luperosoma, 234, 236, 245, 246 
marginatum, 244 
nigricolle, 244, 265 (fig.) 
nigrum, 244 
parvulum, 244, 265 (fig.) 
vittatum, 244, 265 (fig.) 
Luperus, 234 
parvulus, 245, 265 (fig.) 
lutea, Eurytoma, 462, 519, 537 (map) 
lycti, Eurytoma, 442, 462, 519, 534 
(map) 
Lyctus striatus, 452, 519 
lydia, Atteria, 620 
Eumimographe, 620 
Pseudatteria, 620 


mammae, Eurytoma, 451, 519, 531 (fig.), 
534 (map) 
Manakins, 406 
mansei, Hystiopsis, 325, 330, 367 (fig.) 
mapirii, Hystiopsis, 325, 331, 368 (fig.) 
marcuzzii, Ampithoe, 3 
margarita, Diplectrona, 374 
margaritaria, Actaea, 637, 654 
Margarornis squamigera perlatus, 417, 
431 
marginalis, Crioceris, 324, 325 
Diabrotiea, 325 
Hystiopsis, 324, 325, 327, 328, 330, 
331, 365 (fig.) 
marginata, Raja, 124 
marginatum, Luperosoma, 244 
marinus, Pachygrapsus, 646 
mariae, Oxycopis, 50, 51, 53 (fig.) 
Marine Amphipoda of the Family Am- 
pithoidae from Southern Cali- 
fornia, 1-46 
marinus, Planes, 646, 654, 655 
marmarantha, Pseudatteria, 583, 586, 
602, 622 (fig.) 
marmoratus, Pachygrapsus, 644, 645 
(fig.) 
matamorasensis, Neobrotica, 273, 293, 
294, 359 (fig.) 
matsunagaensis, Ancistrosyllis, 165, 166 
Pilargis, 161, 165 
mazima, Hystiopsis, 325, 335, 336, 368 
(fig.) 
maurus, Pachygrapsus, 644, 645 (fig.) 
mea, Amphitoe [sic], 37 
Ampithoe, 3, 4, 7, 19, 34, 37, 39, 40 
medicaginis, Eurytoma, 516 
megala, Hystiopsis, 325, 336, 367 (fig-) 
megaloprotopus, Ampithoe, 4 
melanodactylus, Micropanope, 637, 638 
(fig.), 654, 655 
Xanthodes, 637 
Melanagromyza schineeri, 472 
shineri, 518 
melanocephala, Neobrotica, 272, 287, 
359 (fig.) 
melanopterus?, Carcharhinus, 91 
melleum, Sphaeroteras, 479, 517, 521 
mellitor, Microbracon, 495 
meridensis, Neobrotica, 301, 304, 362 
(fig.) 
Mceritastis, 221, 222, 223, 224 
cordigera, 221 
heliadelpha, 221, 222, 227, 228 

























macrocarpae, Acraspis, 505, pA 
Macrocentrus ancylivorus, 486, Bd 
macrocheles, Hippolyte, 627 
Macrocystis, 2 
pyrifera, 19, 40 
Macroglenes, 516 
querci-globuli, 467 
macropheles, Alpheus, 627, 628 (fig-), 
654, 655 
macrurus, Amphithoé, 9 
maculata, Hystiopsis, 324, 334, 367 (fig.) 
Pilargis, 161, 163 (fig.) 
maculatus, Grapsus, 640 
maculicollis, Oxycopis, 51 
maculipes, Decatoma, 454 
Eurytoma, 454, 456, 520 
maculitarsis, Eurytoma, 456 
maenas, Pseudatteria, 583, 586, 591, 592 
maga, Eurytoma, 516 
magdalidis, Eurytoma, 443, 457, 519, 
535 (map) 
Magdalis armicollis, 457, 500, 518, 519 
Magelonidae, 157 
magnus, Tachypterellus quadrigibbus, 
503, 513, 518, 519 
Majidae, 648 
mako, Isurus, 664, 665, 666, 673, 675 
Malacorhinus, 246, 247 
centromaculatus, 246 
mali, Eurytoma, 449, 503, 612, 519, 532 
(fig.), 533 (fig.), 551 (map) 
malivorella, Coleophora, 493, 521 
Mallophaga, 405, 406, 407 
mamma, Disholcaspis, 467, 479, 517, 
520 
Pachypsylla, 461 
256-261—67——4 


712 


Meritastis—Continued 
voluta, 221, 222, 224, 225 
Merostenus attenuatus, 214 
similis, 214 
metacapna, Pseudatteria, 616 
Methia impressicollis, 211 
insularum, 210 
necydalea, 211 
pallida, 211 
Methiini, 210 
Metrobrotica, 270, 355 
furcata, 355 
mexicana, Eccoptopsis, 340, 348, 870 
(fig.) 
Microbracon mellitor, 495 
microgenitalia, Furnaricola certhia, 408, 
412, 427 (fig.) 
Micropanope granulimanus, 639 
melanodactylus, 637, 638 (fig.), 
654, 655 
polita, 637, 638 (fig.) 
rufopunctata, 639 (fig.), 654 
truncatifrons, 638 
milberti, Carcharhinus, 91 
mimica, Atteria, 606 
Eurytoma ealearea, 512 
Pseudatteria, 605, 606, 607 
minnesota, Eurytoma, 443, 458, 519 
minnesotae, Eurytoma, 458, 535 (map) 
minor, Cremastus, 486, 517 
Xantho, 638 
minuta, Eurytomocharis, 515 
Leptocella, 383 
Oligophlobodes, 379 
minutissimus, Pseudopityophthorus, 
450, 519 
minutus, Halesus, 379 
Pachygrapsus, 644, 645 (fig.) 
Planes, 646 
Pseudocalanus, 573 
mirandae, Furnaricola, 409, 425, 426 
(fig.) 
mississippiensis, Celtis, 461, 476 
mitsukurii, Ampithoe, 2, 3, 6 
modesta, Neobrotica, 271, 
(fig.) 
Mola mola, 67 
mola, Mola, 67 
molesta, Lasperyresia, 486 
Mompha eloisella, 493, 521 
montanus, Asynarchus, 381 
Limnephilus, 381 
monticolae, Dendroctonus, 469, 518 


292, 359 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 118 


Mordellistena nigricans, 506 
Muhlenbergia sylvatica, 463, 518 
muhlenbergiae, Eurytoma, 516 
multispinesa, Diplolepis, 473, 507 
murrayi, Sesarma, 644 
musculus, Lixus, 493, 521 
Mustelus canis, 136 
muticus, Scolytus, 450, 519 
myriocosma, Pseudatteria, 583, 586, 597 
Myrmeciza immaculata, 406, 428 
immaculata immaculata, 420 
laemosticta pallida, 406, 420 
myrmeciza, Furnaricola, 407, 410, 419, 
420 (table), 424, 428 (fig.), 431 
(fig.) 


nalleus, Zygaena, 74 
nanula, Ceratina, 512, 517 
narinari, Aetobatus, 124 
nasus, Lamna, 67, 81, 96, 102, 666, 673 
nebulosus, Diastrophus, 514, 518 
necydalea, Methia, 211 
neglecta, Diplolepis, 503, 519 
neglectus, Diplolepis, 490 
Nematus hospes, 506 
Neobrotica, 234, 242, 250, 254, 255, Zo, 
267, 268, 269, 270, 271 (key), 
315, 323, 325, 339, 351, 354, 355 
achroma, 235, 242, 264 (fig.), 270 
analis, 238, 265 (fig.), 268, 270 
anisocincta, 323, 364 (fig.) 
atlanta, 256 
atrilineata, 257, 287, 301, 313, 362 
(fig.) 
bowditchi, 301, 319, 363 (fig.) 
brasiliensis, 270, 352, 353 
cartwrighti, 271, 281, 358 (fig.) 
cavifrons, 339, 347 
coeruleofasciata, 272, 278, 279, 280, 
281, 345, 358 (fig.) 
coeruleolineata, 272, 277, 282, 284, 
307, 330, 345, 356 (fig.) 
colombiensis, 302, 308, 321, 322, 
363 (fig.) 
comma, 302, 310, 311, 361 (fig.) 
comma spp. additionalis, 310 
confusa, 279, 358 (fig.) 
decimsignata, 273 (key), 297, 360 
(fig.) 
dentata, 272, 277, 356 (fig.) 
denticornis, 269, 339, 340, 345 
dimidiaticornis, 301, 302, 304, 305, 
306, 307, 362 (fig.) 


- ee eee pat sie 








INDEX 


Neobrotica—Continued 
dimidiaticornis praeclara, 306, 307 
duodecimsignata, 272 (key), 286, 

287, 302, 357 (fig.) 
ebraea, 287, 301, 306, 309, 362 
(fig.) 
erythrinae, 302, 318, 319, 361 (fig.) 
fasciata, 234, 250, 266 (fig.) 
flavipennis, 242 
flavipes, 802, 361 (fig.) 
flavolimbata, 301, 314, 363 (fig.) 
fureata, 355 
germaini, 302, 317, 361 (fig.) 
grandis, 301, 321, 364 (fig.) 
hepatica, 301, 314, 315, 362 (fig.) 
hondurensis, 272, 290, 291, 292, 
357 (fig.) 
imitans, 272, 274, 356 (fig.) 
inconspicua, 271, 297, 319, 320, 360 
(fig.) 
inconstans, 292, 301, 316 
inconstans var., 363 (fig.) 
latifrons, 234, 257, 258, 265 (fig.), 
268, 270 
lineigera, 234, 257, 265 (fig.), 268, 
270, 313, 314 
linigera, 272, 285, 314, 357 (fig.) 
ludicra, 322, 364 (fig.) 
matamorasensis, 273, 293, 294, 359 
(fig-) 
melanocephala, 272, 287, 359 (fig.) 
meridensis, 301, 304, 362 (fig.) 
modesta, 271, 292, 359 (fig.) 
noumenia, 272, 276, 356 (fig.) 
novemmaculata, 274 
oberthiiri, 272, 284, 287, 314, 357 
(fig.) 
?oberthiiri, 357 (fig.) 
oblongopunctata, 271, 287, 301, 808, 
310, 362 (fig.) 
octosignata, 298, 301, 320, 363 (fig.) 
ornata, 272, 277, 281, 358 (fig.) 
octosignata, 301 
pallescens, 271, 296, 359 (fig.) 
pallida, 239, 263 (fig.), 268, 270 


pentaspilota, 273, 299, 300, 360 


(fig.) 
peruensis, 326 


piceofasciata, 272, 279, 280, 358 


(fig-) 


pluristicta, 273, 294, 295, 296, 305, 


359 (fig.) 








713 


Neobrotica—Continued 


poecila, 302, 305, 361 (fig.) 

praeclara, 301, 302, 306, 361 (fig.) 

pterota, 272, 291, 357 (fig.) 

punctatissima, 272, 288, 359 (fig.) 

quadrimaculata, 302, 322, 364 (fig-) 

quadriplagiata, 272, 289, 358 (fig.) 

quinquepunctata, 273 (key), 300, 
360 (fig.) 

regularis, 302, 319, 361 (fig.) 

rendalli, 301, 311, 361 (fig.) 

rogaguaensis, 301, 315, 362 (fig.) 

ruatinae, 268 

ruficollis, 302, 311, 318, 361 (fig.) 

schausi, 273, 275, 356 (fig.) 

semicostata, 271, 296, 297, 359 
(fig.) 

septemmaculata, 272 (key), 298, 
300, 360 (fig.) 

sexmaculata, 273 (key), 293, 294, 
295, 296, 359 (fig.) 

sexmaculata group, 295 

sexplagiata, 233, 268 

simulans, 272, 290, 357 (fig.) 

spilocephala, 271, 287, 357 (fig.) 

stalagma, 301, 312, 362 (fig.) 

tampicensis, 273, 295, 359 (fig.) 

trichops, 272, 288, 356 (fig.) 

trinitatis, 307 

undecimmaculata, 272 (key), 275, 
276, 356 (fig.) 

variabilis, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 
273, 302, 356 (fig.) 

variabilis var., 356 (fig.) 

vittatipennis, 270, 354 

zonata, 272, 281, 358 (fig.) 


“Neobrotica 8-signata,” 321 
“Neobrotica 12-signata,’’ 286 
Neobrotica, A review of the beetles of 


the genus, and some closely re- 
lated genera, 267-372 


Neobrotica, South American species, 


301 (key) 


neomexicana, Eurytoma, 436, 444, 469, 


519, 538 (map) 


Neotephritis, 480, 482, 521 
neobroticoides, Simopsis, 253, 254, 265 


(fig.) 


Neotrichota, 235, 241 


flavipennis, 241, 242, 264 (fig.) 
subtilis, 242, 264 (fig.) 


714 


Neotropical Microlepidoptera: VII: New 
genus Pseudomeritastis and its 
species (Lepidoptera: Tortrici- 
dae), 221-232 

Neotropical Microlepidoptera: VIII: A 
review of the genus Falculina 
with descriptions of new species 
(Lepidoptera: Stenomidae), 391- 
404 

Neotropical Microlepidoptera, IX: Re- 
vision of genus Pseudatteria 
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), 577- 
622 

Nephropidae, 634 

Nesanoplium, 214 

puberulum, 2/4 

Nesippus erypturus, 116, 117 (table), 
118 (fig.), 120 (fig.), 122 (fig.), 
123 (table), 124 (fig.) 

nevadense, Eurytoma, 516 

niger, Diastrophus, 514, 518 

nigrescens, Dicosmoecus, 376, 377 (fig.) 

nigricans, Mordellistena, 506 

nigricolle, Luperosoma, 244, 265 (fig.) 


nigricoxa, Eurytoma, 445, 477, 519, 
542 (map) 

nigripennis, Trichobrotica, 238, 263 
(fig.) 

nigrisoma, Brachycentrum, 384 (fig.), 
385, 386 


Sphinctogaster, 386 
nigriventris, Hystiopsis, 325, 326, 367 
(fig.) 
nigroguttata, Diabrotica, 308, 309 
nigrolineata, Diabrotica, 285 
nigrosignata, Diabrotica, 240, 264 (fig.) 
Trichobrotica, 240, 264 (fig.) 
nigrum, Luperosoma, 244 
Nitocra, 574 
nodus, Euura, 506 
Nogagus, 110 
grandis, 96 
latreillii, 81 
paradoxus, 110 
productus, 110 
notabulus, Brachycentrus, 386 
notata, Trypeta, 489, 518 
noumenia, Neobrotica, 272, 276, 356 
(fig.) 
novemmaculata, Neobrotica, 274 
nubilipennis, Hemadas, 468, 520 
numerosa, Phryganea, 386 
numerosus, Brachycentrus, 385, 386 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 118 


Nyssa sylvatica, 470, 518 
nymphaea, Trichobrotica, 237, 238 


oberthiri, Diabrotica, 267, 284 
Neobrotica, 272, 284, 287, 314, 357 
(fig.) 

oblongoguttata, Diabrotica, 309 

oblongonotata, Diabrotica, 308 

oblongopunctata, Diabrotica, 308 

Neobrotica, 271, 287, 301, 308, 
310, 362 (fig.) 

Obraztsov, Nicholas §S.; Neotropical 
Microlepidoptera, VII: New 
genus Pseudomeritastis and its 
species (Lepidoptera: Tortri- 
cidae), 221-232 

Obraztsov, Nicholas §8.; Neotropical 
Microlepidoptera IX: Revision 
of genus Pseudatteria (Lepidop- 
tera: Tortricidae), 577-622 

obscura, Eumecomera, 48, 50 

obscuripennis, Dicosmoecus, 378 

obscurus, Carcharinus, 81 

Carcharhinus, 91, 136 

obtusa, Eurytoma, 449, 4507, 519, 533 
(fig.), 549 (map) 

obtusiloba, Quercus, 460 

Eurytoma, 460 

obtusilobae, Eurytoma, 443, 460, 519, 
536 (map) 

obtusiventris, Eurytoma, 436, 446, 48v, 
482, 519, 543 (map) 

occidentalis, Celtis, 461 

ocellata, Ancistrosyllis, 165, 181 

Sigmambra, 181 

ochricostata, Falculina, 392, 393, 394, 
395, 396, 400 (fig.), 403 (map) 

octosignata, Neobrotica, 298, 301, 320, 
363 (fig.) 

Oecetina guttatus, 382 

Oecophoridae, 620 

Oedemeridae, Species of, of the Big 
Bend Region of Texas, 47-56 

Oenothera biennis, 493 

Oligophlebodes minuta, 379 

Oligoplectrum dimicki, 384 (fig.), 387 

Oncideres cingulatus, 457, 519 

Onychocamptus, 574 

ophioderus, Athripsodes, 382 

orbiculata, Eurytoma, 434, 516 

Orbiniidae, 157 

orbitalis, Euura, 506 





INDEX UD 


orchidearum, Eurytoma, 436, 442, 450, Pachygrapsus— Continued 
519 planifrons, 644, 645 (fig.) 

Isosoma, 450 plicatus, 644, 645 (fig.) 
orchirdearum, Eurytoma, 450, 519 transversus, 643, 644, 645 (fig.) 
oregoni, Ips, 469, 518 pachyneuron, Eurytoma, 435, 436, 444, 
orientalis, Ampithoe, 2, 6, 19, 34, 39 458, 463, 465, 519, 531 (fig.), 
orgias, Idolatteria, 619 538 (map) 
ornata, Neobrotica, 272, 277, 281, 358 Pachypsylla gemma, 483, 519 

(fig.) mamma, 461 

Romanita, 249, 266 (fig.) venusta, 461, 518 
Oroetes, 235 vesicula, 461, 520 

flavicollis, 235, 255 Pachyneuron, 442 

wilcoxi, 255, 264 (fig.) pacifica, Eurytemora, 570, bia, Oto 
orphnoxantha, Pseudomeritastis, 224, 227, Euura, 485, 518 

231 Otopsis longipes var., 164 
Ortalidae, 489 Pilargis, 161 
Otopsidae, 156, 158 Pilargis verrucosa, 161 
Otopsis, 158, 159, 160, 164 pacificus, Otopsis longipes, 164 

longipes, 158, 164, 190 Pacon elongatus, 146 

longipes pacificus, 164 ferox, 146 

longipes var. pacifica, 164 vaissierei, 141 
Otrophesia imbricata, 67 vaissierei(?), 141, 142 (table), 143 
Oxacis angustata, 48, 53, 54 (fig.), 145 (fig.), 146 

barbara, 48, 54 versicolor, 146 

bernadettea, 48 Paguridae, 634 

cana, 49, 54 Pagurus arrosor, 624, 634 

pallida, 48, 53 bernhardus, 624, 634 

subfusea, 48, 53 imperator, 624, 634 

trimaculata, 49, 54 Palaemon forceps, 624 
Oxycopis howdeni, 48, 50, 53 (fig.), 54 biunguiculatus, 625 

maculicollis, 51 forceps, 625, 626 

mariae, 50, 51, 53 (fig.) pinnophylax, 626 
Oxyrhina glauca, 665, 675 Palaemonidae, 625 

gomphodon, 665, 674 palatus, Dicosmoecus, 377 (fig.), 378 
oxyrhynchus, Isurus, 665, 677 Palermoninae, 625 
oxyrinchus, Isurus, 67, 96, 102, 664, 665, | Palinuridae, 629 

671, 672, 674 (table), 675, 676 | Palinurus sp., 624, 629 

(fig.), 677 (table), 678, 679, 680, | pallens, Limnephilus, 380, 381 (fig.) 

682 (fig.), 683, 688 (table), 689 Zaporata, 380 

(table) pallescens, Neobrotica, 271, 296, 359 
Oxytropis lamberti, 488, 517 

: i (fig.) 

ozark, Acraspis, 505, 521 pallicornis, Dicosmoecus, 376, 377 (fig-) 
pallida, Methia, 211 

Myrmeciza laemosticta, 406, 420 

Neobrotica, 239, 263 (fig.), 268, 270 

Oxacis, 48, 53 

Trichobrotica, 239, 263 (fig.) 
palustris, Dryocosmus, 506, 521 
palustris, Rosa, 460 
Pandaridae, 74, 90 
Pandarus, 99, 119 

carchariae(?), 81 










Pachygrapsus, 644, 645 (fig.), 647 
crassipes, 644, 645 (fig.) 
gracilis, 644, 645 (fig.) 
longipes, 644 
loveridgei, 640, 741 (fig.), 642 (fig.), 

654, 655 
marinus, 646 
marmoratus, 644, 645 (fig.) 
maurus, 644, 645 (fig.) 
minutus, 644, 645 (fig.) 


716 


Pandarus—Continued 
cranchii, 81, 82 (table), 83 (fig.), 
86 (figs.), 88 (fig.), 89 (fig.), 90 
(table), 91 (table) 
dentatus, 81 
satyrus, 57, 74, 75 (table), 76 (fig.), 
78 (fig.), 79 (table), 80 (fig.), 81, 
90, 92 
smithii, 57, 91, 92 (table), 93 (fig.), 
94 (fig.), 95 (fig.), 96 (table) 
vulgaris, 81 
zygaenae, 74 
Panopeus tanneri, 637, 638 (fig.) 
pantherina, Atteria, 597 
Pseudatteria, 583, 586, 597 
Panulirus echinatus, 624, 629, 630 (fig.), 
631 (fig.), 654, 655 
guttatus, 629 
homarus, 624 
papillosa, Ancistrosyllis, 159, 165, 166, 
70, 171 (fig.) 
papillosus, Ancistargis, 158, 164, 170 
Paponax, 306 
paradoxus, Caligus, 110 
Demoleus, 111 
Nogagus, 110 
paragracilis, Alpheus, 627, 654, 655 
Crangon, 627 
Paragrubia, 1, 40 
uncinata, 40 
partitus, Allocosmoecus, 377 (fig.), 378 
parva, Ancistrosyllis, 165, 181 


Eurytoma, 448, 401, 519, 548 
(map), 551 (map) 
Eurytoma bolteri, 501 
Eurytoma bolteri var., 501 
Sigambra, 181 
parvigenitalis, Furnaricola, 407, 408, 


423, 424, 427 (fig.) 
parvulum, Luperosom, 245, 265 (fig.) 
parvulus, Luperus, 245, 265 (fig.) 
Passeriformes, 406 
pater, Eurytoma, 436, 463, 464 
pattoni, Andricus, 479, 517 
paucus, Isurus, 663, 677, 684 
pectinicornis, Deinocladus, 259, 261, 264 
(fig.) 

Diabrotica, 235, 259, 264 (fig.) 
pectinophora grossypiella, 497, 520 
pectoralis, Glyphorhynchus _ spirurus, 

424 
pennsylvanicum, Polygonum, 493 
Vaccinium, 468 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 118 


pentaspilota, Neobrotica, 273, 299, 300, 
360 (fig.) 
peregrina, Ampithoe, 4 
perezii, Pilargis, 161 
Periclistus, 518 
pirata, 472, 518 
sylvestris, 472 
Periclistus sp., 477, 519 
perlatus, Margarornis, squamigera, 417, 
431 
perpallida, 
427 
personata, Dromia, 636 
perturbans, Euura, 506 
peruensis, Hystiopsis, 325, 327, 328, 
365 (fig.) 
Neobrotica, 326 
petiverii, Acanthonys, 649, 650 (fig.) 
Pettibone, Marian H.; Revision of the 
Pilargidae (Annelida:  Poly- 
chaeta), including descriptions of 
new species and _ redescription 
of the pelagic Podarmus ploa 
Chamberlin (Polynoidae), 155- 
208 
pezomachoides, Acraspis, 479, 505, 506, 
517, 521 
pfefferi, Pseudibacus, 632 
phaica, Hystiopsis, 325, 336, 368 (fig.) 
Pheonia tardigrada, 157, 160, 161 
Philocasea antennata, 377 (fig.), 379 
Philonix fulvicollis, 517, 520, 521 
Phloeoceastes, 407 
Phloecryptes melanops schoenbaenus, 
423, 427 
phloeosini, Eurytoma, 456 
Phloeosinus dentatus, 518 
Phloeosinus sp., 485, 521 
phloeotribi, Eurytoma, 442, 450, 519, 
534 (map) 
Phloeotribus dentifrons, 450, 519 
frontalis, 450, 453, 518, 519 
phoebus, Eurytoma, 463, 464 
phoenix, Eurytoma, 450 
Phronia, 157, 160 
Phryganea lateralis, 386 
numerosa, 386 
sericea, 380 
Phyllecthrus, 256 
Phyllobrotica, 234, 242 
subtilis, 235, 242, 264 (fig.) 
Phyllectrus gentilis, 244 
Phyllophora cornuta, 96 


Synallaxis albescens, 418, 


INDEX 


Phyllophorus cornutus, 96 
Phyllothreus [sic], 96 

cornutus, 96 
Phyllospadix, 20 
Phyllothyreus cornutus, 96, 97 (table), 

98 (fig.), 100 (fig.), 101 (fig.), 102 
(table) 
Phylloxera caryae-fallax, 506 

caryae-globuli, 506 
Phylocentropus carolinus, 374, 375 (fig.) 
Phytophaga celtiphylla, 476, 518 

destructor, 464, 483, 502, 517, 519 
Picea sitchensis, 511 
picea, Pyriglena, 406, 428 

Eurytoma, 449, 510, 520 

Pyriglena leuconota, 420 
piceofasciata, Eccoptopsis, 340, 345, 369 

(fig.) 

Neobrotica, 272, 279, 280, 358 (fig.) 
piceolimbata, Diabrotica, 306 
picirostris, Furnaricola hirsuta, 408, 

409, 414, 415 (table), 428 (fig.), 
429 

Xiphorhynchus picus, 414, 429 
pictula, Apatania, 379 
picus, Dendroplex, 414 

Xiphorhynchus, 413, 414 
Pilargidae, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160 

(key), 177 
Pilargidae (Annelida: Polychaeta), Re- 
vision of, including descriptions 
of new species and redescriptions 
of the Pelagic Podarmus ploa 
Chamberlin (Polynoidae), 155-208 
pilargiformis, Ancistrosyllis, 165, 177 
Cabira, 177, 178 
Pilargis, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160 
(key), 161 
berkeleyae, 
163 (fig.) 

berkeleyi, 161 

faleata, 161, 165 

hamatus, 161, 165, 168 

maculata, 161, 163 (fig.) 

matsunagaensis, 161, 165 

pacifica, 161 

perezii, 161 

tardigrada, 161 

verrucosa, 158, 160, 161 

verrucosa pacifica, 161 
pilatus, Stenophylax, 378 
Pilumnus granulimonus, 639 


159, 161, 162 (fig.), 


717 


pini, Eurytoma, 436, 448, 489, 493, 494, 
495, 497, 498, 520, 547 (map) 
Pinna, 627 
pinnophylax, Palaemon, 626 
Pontonia, 626 (fig.), 654, 655 
Pinus echinata, 456 
banksiana, 497, 518 
elliotti, 491, 520 
sylvestris, 484, 497, 521 
taeda, 491, 520 
Pinus sp., 457 
Pipra caeruleicapilla, 406, 421, 428 
pipra comata, 406, 421, 428 


pipraphaga, Furnaricola, 410, 420 
(table), 421 (table), 428 (fig.), 
432 (fig.) 


Pipridae, 406 
pirata, Periclistus, 472, 518 
Pisa calva, 653 
carinimana, 653 
sanctaehelenae, 651, 652 (fig.), 654, 
655 
Pisinae, 651 
Pissodes sitchensis, 511, 520 
strobi, 456, 469, 518, 520 
pissodis, Eurytoma, 436, 444, 469, 511, 
520, 530 (fig.), 540 (map) 
Pityogenes, 485, 521 
Pityophthorus liquidambarus, 450, 519 
plagiatus, Tomicus, 485, 521 
Plagusia, 647, 648 
chabrus, 648 
dentipes, 648 
depressa, 624, 647, 654 
glabra, 648 
immaculata, 648 
speciosa, 648 
tuberculata, 648 
Plagusiinae, 647 
Planes, 647, 655 
cyaneus, 624, 646, 654, 655 
marinus, 646, 654, 655 
minutus, 646 
planifrons, Pachygrapsus, 644, 645 (fig.) 
Platycentropus amicus, 382 
indistinctus, 382 
plectrus, 382 
Platymorpha, 236, 240, 246, 247, 249, 
252, 254 
albiventris, 234, 251, 266 (fig.) 
centromaculata, 246, 263 (fig.) 
homoia, 247, 263 (fig.) 
smaragdipennis, 248 


718 


Platymorpha—C ontinued 
variegata, 247, 248, 263 (fig.) 
Platyphylax atripes, 376 
gilvipes, 376 
platyrhynchus, Carcharhinus, 136 
plea, Ampithoe, 2, 4, 6, 7, 15, 17 (fig.), 
18 (fig.), 40 
plectrus, Platycentropus, 382 
plicatus, Pachygrapsus, 644, 645 (fig.) 
ploa, Podarmus, 159, 165, 199, 200, 201 
(fig.), 202 (fig.), 208 (fig.) 
plumbella, Disholcaspis, 466, 518 
plumulosa, Ampithoe, 3, 7, 20, 21 (fig.), 
22 (fig.) 
pluristicta, Neobrotica, 273, 294, 295, 
296, 305, 359 (fig.) 
poaeoides, Eragrostis, 465, 518 
podagrae, Aulacidea, 461, 517 
Podarmus, 155, 199 
atlanticus, 199, 200 
ploa, 159, 165, 199, 200, 201 (fig.), 
202 (fig.), 203 (fig.) 
poecila, Neobrotica, 302, 305, 361 (fig.) 
polita, Diplolepis, 489, 490, 504, 518, 
519, 521 
Micropanope, 637, 638 (fig.) 
Pollachius virens, 136 
pollex, Amphithoe [sic], 22 
Ampithoe, 3, 7, 22, 23 (fig.), 24 
(fig.), 380 
Polychaeta, 156, 157 
Polygonum pennsylvanicum, 493 
polygraphi, Eurytoma, 516 
Polynoidae, 159, 199 
Polyortha, 578, 581 
Polyorthini, 578, 579 
polystictus, Xiphorhynchus guttatus, 
424 
pomiformis, Callirhytis, 466, 518 
Pontonia pinnophylax, 626 (fig.), 654, 
655 
tyrrhena, 626 
Pontoniinae, 626 
Porochontes, 234, 236, 251, 254 
albiventris, 253, 266 (fig.) 
limbella, 253, 266 (fig.) 
wilcozi, 251, 252, 266 (fig.) 
potamites, Pseudatteria, 581, 585, 588, 
605, 607, 609, 621 (fig.) 
Potamobrotica, 270, 271, 351 
brasiliensis, 353, 371 (fig.) 
trifasciata, 351, 371 (fig.) 
viridis, 352, 353, 371 (fig.) 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL 


MUSEUM VOL. 118 


Potamorites virginica, 379 
praeclara, Cerotoma, 306 
Neobrotica, 301, 302, 306, 361 (fig.) 
Neobrotica dimidiaticornis, 306, 
307 
praelongacicula, Krgyeria, 60 (table), 61 
(figs.), 63 (figs.), 66 (table) 
pribilofensis, Diaptomus, 564, 565 
Prionace glauca, 57, 74, 75, 96, 97, 102 
Prodecatoma, 516 
productus, Limnephilus, 380 
Nogagus, 110 
profunda, Eurytoma, 442, 454, 520, 535 
(map) 
Protaplonx sp., 477, 519 
pruinosus, Pseudopityophthorus, 
519 
prunicola, Eurytoma, 445, 473, 476, 477, 
520, 542 (map) 
prunus, Amphibolips, 475, 520 
Quercus, 475 
Pseudatteria, 577, 578, 581, 585 (key), 
612, 618, 619 
analoga, 584, 585 
(Pseudatteria) analoga, 595 
anemonantha, 618, 619 
ardoris, 583, 586 
(Pseudatteria) ardoris, 598 
baccheutis, 617 
bradleyt, 583, 587, 605, 611, 612 
(Pseudatteria) bradleyi, 609 
buckleyi, 584, 586, 613 
(Hurynatteria) buckleyi, 613 
cantharopa, 584, 585, 596, 613, 614 
(Hurynatteria) cantharopa, 614 
cantharopa cantharopa, 614, 615 
(Hurynatteria) cantharopa cantha- 
ropa, 614 
cantharopa pulchra, 615 
(Eurynatteria) cantharopa pulchra, 
615 
chrysanthema, 583, 587, 593, 594, 
605 
(Pseudatteria) chrysanthema, 594 
cladodes, 583, 587, 600, 622 (fig.) 
(Pseudatteria) cladodes, 600 
dictyanthes, 584, 586, 612 
(Hurynatteria) dictyanthes, 612 
dognini, 583, 587, 590, 593, 622 (fig.) 
(Pseudatteria) dognint, 588 
flabellata, 604 
fornicata, 616 
fumipennis, 583, 587, 598, 599, 600 


450, 





INDEX 


Pseudatteria—Continued 
(Pseudatteria) fumipennis, 598 
geminipuncta, 605, 607, 609 
heliocausta, 583, 586, 614, 616, 617, 
618 

(Eurynatteria) heliocausta, 616 

heliocausta f. bacchutis, 583, 614 

(Eurynatteria) heliocausta f. bac- 
cheutis, 617 

igniflora, 583, 587, 605, 611 

(Pseudatteria) igniflora, 611 

leopardina, 583, 586, 601 

(Pseudatteria) leopardina, 601 

lydia, 620 

maenas, 583, 586, 591, 592 

(Pseudatteria) maenas, 592 

marmarantha, 583, 586, 602, 622 
(fig.) 

(Pseudatteria) marmarantha, 602 

metacapna, 616 

mimica, 605, 606, 607 

myriocosma, 583, 586, 597 

(Pseudatteria) myriocosma, 597 

pantherina, 583, 586, 597 

(Pseudatteria) pantherina, 597 

potamites, 581, 585, 588, 605, 607, 
609, 621 (fig.) 

pseudomaenas, 583, 587, 591 

(Pseudatteria) pseudomaenas, 590 

purpurea, 613, 614 

rivularis, 605, 607, 609 

shafferi, 583, 587, 589 

(Pseudatteria) shaffer?, 589, 593 

splendens, 583, 587, 595, 603, 622 
(fig.) 

(Pseudatteria) splendens, 603 

symplacota, 583, 587, 600, 617, 618 

(Sphaeratteria) symplacota, 618 

tremewani, 583, 587, 590, 593, 605 

(Pseudatteria) tremewant, 592 

unciana, 583, 586, 596 

(Pseudatteria) unciana, 596 

voleanica, 583, 584, 585, 587, 601, 
606, 607 

(Pseudatteria) voleanica, 605 

(Pseudatteria) volecanica rivularis, 
607, 621 (fig.), 622 (fig.) 

(Pseudatteria) voleanica volcanica, 
606, 609 

Pseudatteria sp., 622 (fig.) 


719 


Pseudatteria, subgenus, 583, 588, 589, 
590, 592, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 
600, 601, 602, 603, 605, 606, 607, 
609, 611 
Pseudatteria, Revision of genus, (Lep- 
idoptera: Tortricidae), Neotrop- 
ical Microlepidoptera, IX, 577- 
622 
Pseudibacus, 632 
gerstaeckeri, 632 
pfefferi, 632 
veranyi, 632 
Pseudocalanus minutus, 573 
Pseudogoera singularis, 384 (fig.), 387 
pseudomaenas, Pseudatteria, 583, 587, 
591 
Pseudomeritastis, 222, 224 (key), 230 
(fig.) 
clarket, 224, 226 
cordigera, 224, 229 
decora, 224, 230 (fig.) 
distincta, 224, 228 
heliadelpha, 224, 227 
orphnoxantha, 224, 227, 231 
voluta, 224, 225, 226, 227, 230 (fig.) 
Pseudomeritastis, New genus, and its 
species (Lepidoptera: Tortri- 
cidae), Neotropical Microlepi- 
doptera, VII, 221-232 
Pseudopityophthorus minutissimus, 450, 
519 
pruinosus, 450, 519 
Pseudostenophylax edwardsi, 378 
sparsus, 378 
Pseudozius bouvieri, 625 
Psychomyiidae, 374 
Psychronia brevipennis, 379, 381 (fig.) 
Psylopteryx brevipennis, 379 
Pterolamiops longimanus?, 81 
Pteromalus appendigaster, 439, 485 
puberula, Cylindera, 214 
Cylindera(?), 214 
puberulenta, Rosa, 509 
puberulum, Nesanoplium, 214 
puberulus, Cyrtomerus, 214 
puertoricensis, Tilloclytus, 215 
pulchra, Pseudatteria cantharopa, 615 
punctata, Isurus, 684 
Lamna, 672, 684 
punctatissima, Neobrotica, 272, 288, 
359 (fig.) 
punctigena, Ceratina, 512, 517 


720 


punctiventris, Eurytoma, 467 
punensis, Furnaricola, 407, 418, 419 
(table), 423, 428 (fig.), 430 (fig.), 
431 (fig.) 
pterota, Neobrotica, 272, 291, 357 (fig.) 
purpurea, Atteria, 613 
Pseudatteria, 613, 614 
Pycnopsyche, 379 
lepida group, 379 
virginica, 379, 381 (fig.) 
pyrifera, Macrocystis, 19, 40 
pyriglena, Furnaricola, 410, 420 (table), 
421, 428 (fig.), 431 (fig.) 
leuconota picea, 420 
picea, 406, 428 
pythes, Eurytoma, 506, 515 


guadraticeps, Furnaricola, 409, 416, 417 
(table), 429 (fig.), 430 (fig.) 
quadrigibbus, Tachypterellus, 503, 513, 
518, 519 
quadrimaculata, Eburia, 212 
Eccoptopsis, 340, 350, 369 (fig.) 
Neobrotica, 302, 322, 364 (fig.) 
quadrimaculatus, Heterachtes [sic], 215 
Heterachthes, 215 
quadriplagiata, Neobrotica, 272, 289, 
358 (fig.) 
quellina, Ancistrosyllis, 165, 166 
querci, Eurytoma, 445, 477, 520, 542 
(map) 
querci-globuli, Eurytoma, 444, 467, 468, 
475, 520, 539 (map) 
Macroglenes, 467 
querci-pici, Eurytoma, 516 
Quercus alba, 479, 505, 506 
chrysolepis, 477 
douglasii, 466, 468 
gambelii, 480 
lobata, 466 
obtusiloba, 460 
prunus, 475 
stellata, 459, 479 
utahensis, 467 
virginiana, 467 
quercus-globulus, Disholcaspis, 459, 467, 
480, 505, 517, 518, 520, 521 
quinquepunctata, Diabrotica, 300 


Neobrotica, 273 (key), 300, 360 
(fig.) 
raboti, Eurytemora, 567, 570, 571, 573, 
575 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 118 


Rachicephala, 271, 353 
vittapennis, 354, 371 (fig.) 
radicum, Diplolipis, 460, 479, 517, 519 
Raja batis, 124 
marginata, 124 
Rallicola, 405, 406, 407 
Rallidae, 407 
ramondi, Ampithoe, 3, 7, 25, 26 (fig.), 
27 (fig.) 
ramosa, Eurytoma acuta, 473 
regularis, Neobrotica, 302, 319, 361 (fig.) 
rendalli, Neobrotica, 301, 311, 361 (fig.) 
repens, Agropyron, 464, 519 
resinicola, Euura, 485, 518 
reticulata, Celtis, 461 
Rhabdophaga batatus, 506 
brassicoides, 506 
cornuta, 506 
strobiloides, 506 
rhabdota, Trichobrotica, 237, 238, 263 
(fig.) 
rhabdotus, Ectmesopus, 243, 266 (fig.) 
Rhadicoleptus sperryi, 379 
rhois, Eurytoma, 436, 448, 496, 499, 520, 
547 (map) 
Rhopalocera, 584 
Rhus, 487 
copallina, 499, 520 
glabra, 499, 520 
typhina, 499, 520 
Rhyacionia buoliana, 497, 520 
frustrana, 497, 520 
rigidiana, 497, 520 
Rhynocriptidae, 406 
rigida, Ancistrosyllis, 158, 165, 191, 193 
rigidiana, Rhyacionia, 497, 520 
rivularis, Atteria, 607 
ritticollis, Eetmesopus, 244 
rivularis, Pseudatteria, 605, 607, 609 
Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) vol- 
canica, 607, 621 (fig.), 622 (fig.) 
robusta, Ancistrosyllis, 165, 181 
Sigramba, 181 
rogaguaensis, Neobrotica, 301, 315, 362 
(fig.) 
Romanita, 234, 236, 249, 250, 254 
amazonica, 234, 248, 249, 250, 253, 
266 (fig.) 
fasciata, 250, 266 (fig.) 
ornata, 249, 266 (fig.) 
vittata, 249, 266 (fig.) 
rondeletti, Carcharodon, 102 


INDEX 


Rosa carolina, 460 
palustris, 460 
puberulenta, 509 
Rosa sp., 472, 473, 489, 490, 503, 504, 
507, 511, 517 
rosae, Diplolepis, 507, 520 
rostratum, Solanum, 455, 493 
Trichobaris, 493 
ruatanae, Trichobrotica, 234, 240 
Neobrotica, 268 
rubra, Eurytoma querci-globuli, 467 
rubricata, Ampithoe, 3 
rubricatoides, Ampithoe, 3 
rubrifasciella, Acrobasis, 497, 520 
ruficollis, Neobrotica, 302, 311, 318, 361 
(fig.) 
rufigaster, Euplilis, 457, 519 
rufopunctata, Micropanope, 639 (fig.), 
654 
rufopunctatus, Xanthodes, 639, 640 
rugulosus, Scolytus, 461, 464, 500, 517, 
518 
rupellii, Actaea, 637 


salicicola, Euura, 506 

salicis-oculum, Euura, 506 

Salix sp., 485 

sanctaehelenae, Acanthonys, 648, 649 
(fig.), 650 (fig.), 654, 655 

Pisa, 651, 652 (fig.), 654, 655 

sanctaemartes, | Xiphocolaptes 
meropirhynchus, 410 

saguineus, Ceanothus, 496, 520 

Sapindus drummondii, 454 

saturatior, Xiphorhynchus picus, 413, 
429 

satyrus, Pandarus, 57, 74, 75 (table), 76 


pro- 


(fig.), 78 (fig.), 79 (table), 80 


(fig.), 81, 90, 92 
schausi, Neobrotica, 273, 274, 356 (fig.) 
schineeri, Melanagromyza, 472 
Schmaltzia trilobata, 487, 520 
schoenbaenus, Phloecryptes molanops, 
423, 427 
sciromatis, Eurytoma, 447, 490, 520 
scitula, Ampithoe, 2 
scitulus, Amphithoé, 9 
Dexamine, 9, 11 
Scolytidae, 456 
Seolytus abietis, 450, 520 
muticus, 450, 519 
rugulosus, 461, 464, 500, 517, 518 
scrobicollis, Lixus, 455, 493, 495, 521 












semivena, 


721 


scudderiana, Eucosoma, 497, 520 
sculpta, Eurytoma, 516 
Seyllaridae, 630 

Scyllarides, 632 


aequinoctialis, 632 

elisabethae, 630, 632 

elizabethii, 630, 632 

herklotsii, 624, 630, 631 (fig.), 632, 
633 (fig.), 654 

latus, 632, 634 

squamosus, 632 


Scyllarus, 630 


latus, 624, 630 


Scytalopus, 406, 422 


magellanicus affinis, 406, 422, 430 
magellanicus canus, 406, 430 


semicireula, Eurytoma, 442, 458, 520, 


531 (fig.), 533 (fig.), 535 (map) 


semicostata, Neobrotica, 271, 296, 297, 


359 (fig.), 360 (fig.) 


seminator, Callirhytis, 475, 479, 505, 


506, 517, 520, 521 


seminatrix, Eurytoma auriceps, 478 
seminis, Eurytoma, 436, 447, 486, 496, 


520, 545 (map) 
Eurytoma, 
(map) 


443, 520, 537 


semivenae, Eurytoma, 460 
senegalensis, Ampithoe, 3 
senegambiensis, Synalpheus, 629 
septemmaculata, Neobrotica, 272 (key), 


298, 300 


septentrionalis, Heterocope, 564, 565, 


567, 569 


sepulta, Eurytoma, 517 
sequax, Eurytoma, 517 
sericea, Phryganea, 380 
sericeus, Limnephilus, 380 


Sesarma murrayi, 644 
Setodes guttatus, 382, 384 (fig.) 
sexmaculata, Neobrotica, 273 (key), 
293, 294, 295, 296, 359 (fig.) 
group, Neobrotica, 295 
sexplagiata, Neobrotica, 233, 268 
Trichobrotica, 234, 238 
group, Trichobrotica, 243 
sexsetacea, Dinematura, 110 
sexsetaceus, Binoculus, 110 
shaffer?, Pseudatteria, 583, 587, 589, 593 
shimizuensis, Ampithoé, 34 
shineri, Melanagromyza, 518 


Sideranthus spinulosus, 465, 519 


722 


Sigambra, 156, 157, 159, 160, 165, 179, 
181 (key), 190, 195 

bassi, 159, 181, 186, 187 (fig.) 

constricta, 181 

grubii, 156, 157, 159, 179, 180, 181, 

182, 183 (fig.) 

hanaokai, 181 

ocellata, 181 

parva, 181 

robusta, 181 

tentaculata, 159, 181, 182, 184 (fig.), 

185 (fig.) 
wassi, 159, 181, 186, 188 (fig.), 189 
(fig.) 
significata, Diabrotica, 309 
sileri, Disholeaspis, 520, 521 
similis, Merostenus, 214 
Simopsis, 236, 258 

neobroticoides, 253, 254, 265 (fig.) 
simplex, Synelmis, 156, 158, 190, 192 
simulans, Ampithoe, 3, 7, 27, 28 (fig.), 

29 (fig.) 

Neobrotica, 272, 290, 357 (fig.) 
singularis, Pseudogoera, 384 (fig.), 387 
sitchensis, Picea, 511 

Pissodes, 511, 520 
Sitilias grandiflora, 464, 519 
slossonae, Athripsodes, 382 
smaragdipennis, Platymorpha, 248 
smithii, Anthosoma, 66 

Caligus, 66 

Pandarus, 57, 91, 92 (table), 93 


(fig.), 94 (fig.), 95 (fig.), 96 
(table) 
sneiderni, Lepidocolaptes affinis, 415 


Solanum carolinese, 456, 493 
rostratum, 455, 493 
Solenozopheria, 468 
vaccinii, 468 
solenozopheriae, Eurytoma, 434, 436, 
444, 468, 520, 540 (map) 
solidaginis, Eurosta, 461, 466, 467, 480, 
506, 517, 518, 519 
Lasioptera, 506 
Solidago, 466, 501, 519 
Solidago sp., 480, 509 
solitarius, Apanteles, 486, 517 
spallanzani, Isurus, 664, 665, 666, 672, 
673, 674 
Sparedrus depressus, 48, 49, 54 
sparsus, Halesus, 378 
Pseudostenophylax, 378 
spatulata, Krgyeria, 65 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 118 


speciosa, Plagusia, 648 
sperryi, Cloestoeca, 379 
Limnephilus, 379, 381 (fig.) 
Rhadicoleptus, 379 
sphaera, Eurytoma, 458, 460, 520, 532 
(fig.), 536 (map) 
Sphaeratteria, subgenus, 583, 618 
Sphaeroteras melleum, 479, 517, 521 
Sphagnum, 564 
Sphex harrisi, 461 
Sphinctogaster nigrisoma, 386 
Sphyrna couardi, 141 
diplana, 74, 130 
lewini, 81, 130, 141 
zygaena, 73, 91, 116, 130 
Sphyriidae, 141 
spilocephala, Neobrotica, 271, 287, 357 
(fig.) 
spina, Eurytoma, 449, 510, 520, 550 
(map) 
spinulosus, Sideranthus, 465, 519 
Spionidae, 157 
splendens, Atteria, 603 
Pseudatteria, 583, 587, 595, 603, 
622 (fig.) 
spongifica, Amphibolips, 479, 506, 517 
spongiosa, Disholeaspis, 459, 479, 505, 
517, 520, 521 
Eurytoma, 449, 507, 509, 520, 550 
(map) 
Squalus cepedii, 665, 674 
acanthias, 124, 186 
(Lamna) cepedii, 665, 674 
fernandinis, 124 
squamosa, Eurytoma, 436, 448, 493, 520, 
532 (fig.), 547 (map) 
squamosus, Scyllarides, 632 
stalagma, Neobrotica, 301, 312, 362 (fig.) 
stellata, Quercus, 459, 479 
Stenocorus glabratus, 212 
Stenocorus 10-maculatus, 212 
Stenomidae, 391, 392, 395 
Stenophylax antennatus, 379 
calypso, 378 
palatus, 378 
Stephanoderes dissimilis, 450, 518, 520 
stigmatica, Leptocella, 384 (fig.), 385 
stigmi, Eurytoma, 447, 485, 490, 521, 
546 (map) 
Stigmus inordinatus, 490, 521 
Stigmus sp., 452, 519 
Stimpsoni, Amphithoé, 9 
stimpsoni, Ampithoe, 12 


INDEX 723 


Tochypterellus—Continued 
quadrigibbus magnus, 503, 513, 
518, 519 
taeda, Pinus, 491, 520 
tampicensis, Neobrotica, 273, 295, 359 
(fig.) 
tanneri, Panopeus, 637, 638 (fig.) 
tarasovi, Ampithoe, 2, 6 
tardigrada, Pheonia, 157, 160, 161 
Pilargis, 161 
taurus, Carcharias, 91, 136 
tea, Ampithoe, 3, 4, 7, 30, 31 (fig.), 
32 (fig.), 33 (fig.), 37, 40 
Telehsapia, 158, 159, 195 
annandalei, 158, 159, 195 
Temoridae, 554 
tentaculata, Ancistrosyllis, 165, 181, 182 
Sigambra, 159, 181, 182, 184 (fig-), 
185 (fig.) 
tenuicrustatus, Grapsus, 640 
Tenuipetiolus, 515, 516 
Tephrella, 482 
Tephritis finalis, 480, 482, 521 
teredon, Eurytoma, 506, 515 
tergalis, Furnaricola, 410, 411 (table), 


Stipa columbiana, 458 

strenuana, Epiblema, 485, 497, 520, 521 

striaticollis, Anabacerthia, 417, 431 

striatus, Lyctus, 452, 519 

strobi, Pissodes, 456, 469, 518, 520 

strobiloides, Rhabdophaga, 506 

studiosa, Eurytoma, 434, 449, 477, 504, 
516, 521, 549 (map) 

subcristata, Cranioleuca, 423, 431 

subflavus, Curtomerus, 213 

subfusca, Oxacis, 48, 63 

sublestes, Glyphorhynchus spirurus, 424 

sublineata, Kr¢yeria, 65 

subsimilis, Furnaricola acutifrons, 408, 
409, 418, 427 (fig.), 429 (fig.), 
432 (fig.) 

subtilis, Neotrichota, 242, 264 (fig.) 

Phyllobrotica, 235, 242, 264 (fig.) 

succinipedis, Eurytoma, 504 

succinipes, Disholeaspis, 505, 520, 521 

surinamum, Achryson, 211 

surinamus, Cerombyx, 211 

Syllidae, 156, 157, 158 

Syllomatia, 224 

sylvatica, Muhlenbergia, 463, 518 






















Nyssa, 470, 518 426 (fig.) 
sylvestris, Periclistus, 472 terminalis, Hystiopsis, 325, 328, 365 
Pinus, 484, 497, 521 (fig.) 
Synophromorpha, 518 terrea, Eurytoma, 447, 489, 521, 546 
symplacota, Pseudatteria, 583, 587, 600, (map) 


testaceus, Cerambyx, 215 
Leptostylus, 215 
texana, Leptocella, 383, 385 
Trichobaris, 455, 493, 521 
thomae, Elaphidion, 212 
Elaphidionoides, 212 
thyraiflorus, Ceanothus, 496, 520 
Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis, 497, 
520 
tigris, Carcharias, 665, 675 
Isurus, 664, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 
672, 673, 676 (fig.), 687 
Tilloclytus puertoricensis, 215 
Tineidae, 579 
titicacae, Furnaricola, 407, 409, 423, 


617, 618 
Synallaxis albescens hypoleuca, 418, 431 
albescens perpallida, 418, 427 
cabanisi, 428 
cabanisi cabanisi, 419 
cinnamomeus fuscifrons, 427 
erythogaster, 423, 427 
unirufa castanea, 425, 426 
Synalpheus fritzmuelleri, 629, 654 
fritzmuelleri elongatus, 629 
senegambiensis, 629 
Synelmis, 156, 158, 159, 160, 165, 190, 
191 (key) 
albini, 159, 165, 190, 191, 192 
(fig.), 193 (fig.), 194 (fig-) 


simplex, 156, 158, 190, 191, 192 427 (fig.) 
Synophromorpha, 472 tomici, Eurytoma, 446, 486, 490, 521, 
sylvestris, 518 544 (map) 


Tomicus plagiatus, 485, 521 

Tortanus discaudatus, 573 

tortricalis, Euclimacia, 584 

Tortricidae, 221, 577, 579, 580, 582, 
584, 590, 619 


Systole brachyptera, 515 


Tachypterellus consors, 503, 513, 518, 
519 
quadrigibbus, 503, 513, 518, 519 


724 


Tortricinae, 619 
Tortricini, 581 
Tortrix, 222 
cordigera, 
transversus, Athripsodes, 583 
Pachygrapsus, 643, 644, 645 (fig.) 
Leptocerus, 383 
treatae, Belonocnema, 520 
Trebius caudatus, 123, 125 (table), 
126 (fig.), 128 (fig.), 129 (table) 
Trebiidae, 123 
tremewani, Pseudatteria, 583, 587, 590, 
593, 605 
Triaenodes helo, 382 
triangularis, Furnaricola, 408, 410, 416 
(table), 421, 428 (fig.), 480 (fig.) 
Trichobaris rostratum, 493 
texana, 455, 493, 521 
trinotata, 455, 493, 521 
Trichobrotica, 233, 234, 235, 236, 240, 
241, 242 
analis, 238, 265 (fig.) 
biplagiata, 238 
brasiliensis, 233 
egensis, 237, 263 (fig.) 
fenestrata, 249, 264 (fig.) 
nigripennis, 238, 263 (fig.) 
nigrosignata, 240, 264 (fig.) 
nymphaea, 237, 238 
nymphaea flavicollis, 236, 237, 263 
(fig.) 
pallida, 239, 263 (fig.) 
rhabdota, 237, 238, 263 (fig.) 
ruatanae, 234, 240 
sexplagiata, 234, 238 
Trichobrotica sexplagiata group, 243 
trichops, Neobrotica, 272, 283, 356 (fig.) 
Trichoptera, 373 
Trichoptera, Notes on certain Nearctic, 
in the Museum of Comparative 
Zoology, 373-390 
tricuspis, Hermundura, 157, 159, 195 
trifasciata, Potamobrotica, 351, 371 (fig.) 
trifida, Ambrosia, 455, 493, 495 
trilobata, Schmaltzia, 487, 520 
trimaculata, Oxacis, 49, 54 
trinitatis, Neobrotica, 307 
trinotata, Trichobaris, 455, 493, 521 
triodiae, Eurytoma, 516 
tritici, Harmolita, 436, 464, 501, 502, 519 
triticoides, Elymus, 464, 519 
truncatifrons, Micropanope, 638 
tuberculata, Plagusia, 648 


222 


eee 


224 


naa 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VoL. 118 


tuberculator, Diplolepis, 473, 507, 520 
tuberculatrix, Diplolepis, 490, 503 
tumida, Aulacidea, 461, 517 
tumoris, Eurytoma, 446, 483, 521 
““Trygon species,’ 136 
Trypeta bigeloviae, 482, 517 
gibba, 489, 518 
notata, 489, 518 
Trypetidae, 480 
Trypoxylon sp., 457 
Tyloderma foveolatum, 492, 493, 518, 
521 
Tylodermatis, 442 
Eurytoma, 447, 455, 489, 491, 495, 
497, 508, 513, 521, 5383 (fig.), 
546 (map) 
Typha latifolia, 461, 517 
typhina, Rhus, 499, 520 
tyrrhena, Pontonia, 626 


in a Pt 


unciana, Atteria, 596 
Pseudatteria, 583, 586, 596 
uncinata, Acanthogrubia, 40 
Cymadusa, 1, 40, 41 (fig.), 42 (fig.), 
43 (fig.) 
Paragrubia, 40 
undecimmaculata, | Neobrotica, 
(key), 275, 276, 356 (fig.) 
Urgleptes clarkei, 218 
Urgleptes species, 219 
utahensis, Eurytoma querci-globuli, 467 
Quercus, 467 


272 


vaccinii, Solenozopheria, 468 
Vaccinium corymbosum, 468 
pennsylvanicum, 468 
vagabunda, Eurytoma, 478 
vaillanti, Ampithoe, 25 
vaissierei, Pacon, 141 
Pacon, 141, 142 (table), 143 (fig.), 
145 (fig.) 
valida, Amphithoé [sic], 34 
Ampithoe, 3, 6, 7, 11, 34, 35 (fig.), 


36 (fig.) 

varia, Eurytoma incerta, 490 

variabilis, Diplolepis, 472, 509, 511, 
518, 519 


Neobrotica, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 
273, 302, 356 (fig.) 
var., Neobrotica, 356 (fig.) 
variegata, Platymorpha, 247, 248, 263 
(fig.) 
Varuna atlantica, 624, 646 


Vasaces elongatus, 48, 49, 51 (fig.) 
linearis, 49 
velutinus, Ceanothus, 496, 520 
venusta, Pachypsylla, 461, 518 
veranyi, Pseudibacus, 632 
Vernonia interior, 482, 521 
vernonia, Eurytoma, 446, 481, 521, 532 
) (fig.), 544 (map) 
verrucosa, Pilargis, 158, 160, 161 
versicolor, Diplolepis tuberculator var., 
510, 520 
Pacon, 146 
vesicula, Pachypsylla, 461, 520 
Vicia americana, 458 
angustifolia, 458 
villosa, 458, 508 
villosa, Acraspis, 505, 521 
Vicia, 458, 508 
virens, Disholeaspis, 467 
Pollachius, 136 
virginiana, Juniperus, 463, 519 
Quercus, 467 
virginica, Potamorites, 379 
Pycnopsyche, 379, 381 (fg.) 
virginicus, Drusinus, 378 
viridis, Potamobrotica, 352, 353, 37) 
(fig.) 
vitis, Eurytoma, 516 
vittata, Romanita, 249, 266 (fig.) 
vittatipennis, Neobrotica, 270, 354 
Rachicephala, 354 
vittatum, Leperosoma, 244, 265 (fig.) 
voleanica, Atteria, 606 
Pseudatteria, 583, 584, 585, 587, 
601, 606, 607 
Pseudatteria (Pseudatteria) 
canica, 606, 607, 609 
volki, Ampithoe, 3 
voluta, Meritastis, 221, 222, 224, 225 
Pseudomeritastis, 224, 225, 226, 227, 
230 (fig.) 
vulgaris, Dromia, 624, 635, 636 
Pandarus, 81 





vol- 


washatchensis, Diplolepis tuberculator, 
520 

washingtonensis, Disholcaspis, 466, 468, 
505, 518, 521 





INDEX 


725 


wassi, Sigambra, 159, 181, 186, 188 
(fig.), 189 (fig.) 

weldi, Diplolepis, 517 

wilcoxi, Oroetes, 255, 264 (fig.) 

Porechontes, 251, 252, 266 (fig.) 

Wilson, Mildred Stratton, and Jerry C. 
Tash; The euryhaline copepod 
genus Eurytemora in fresh and 
brackish waters of the Cape 
Thompson region, Chukchi Sea, 
Alaska, 553-576 













Xanthidae, 637 
Xantho minor, 638 
xanthocapna, Idolatteria, 619 
Xanthochroina bicolor, 52 
Xanthodes granosus, 639 (fig.), 640 
melanodactylus, 637 
rufopunctatus, 639, 640 
Xanthoteras forticorne, 506 
eburnea, 521 
xerophila, Diplolepis tuberculator var., 
517 
Diplolepis tuberculatrix f., 473 
Xiphocolaptes albicollis albicollis, 410, 
426 
promeropirhynchus sanctaemartae, 
410 
Xiphorhynchus, 414 
chunchotambo, 423 
guttatus polystictus, 424 
lachrymosus alarum, 412 
lachrymosus lachrymosus, 412, 426 
ocellatus chunchotambo, 423, 426 
picus, 413, 414 
picus dugandi, 413, 429 
picus picirostris, 414, 429 
picus saturatior, 413, 429 


yukonensis, Eurytemora, 564, 565, 575 


zachsi, Ampithoe, 3 

Zaporata pallens, 380 

zygaena, Sphyrna, 74, 91, 116, 130 

zygaenae, Pandarus, 74 

zonata, Neobrotica, 272, 281, 358 (fig.) 
Hystiopsis, 324, 333, 334, 366 (fig.) 

Zygaena malleus, 74 











“AOI 


3 9088 01421